Umsebenzi Wombuso Wendawo Ezungezile WaseNdiya

Uhulumeni waseNdiya usebenza phakathi kwenye yezimo zendawo ezungezile eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1,4, ukwanda okusheshayo kwezomnotho, kanye nokuma kwezwe okuhlanganisa izinguzunga zeqhwa nhlangothi zogu, indlela yezwe yokulungisa indawo ezungezile nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu idinga ukuhlangana phakathi kwezindawo eziwumbuso nezingahlukene. INkonzo yeNdawo Ezungezile, iHlala neClimate Change (MoeFC) iyinhlangano eyinhloko engenakusetshenziswa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke olwelwelwelweni lweminyango kahulumeni, izindikimba zezwe, i-athomotion, kanye nokungenela kwezehlulelo.

Izinselele zendawo ezungezile yaseNdiya zinkulu kakhulu. Iphakathi kwamazwe asengozini kakhulu yokuhlaselwa yisimo sezulu − ukujikijelwa kwesikhombisa ku-Global Climate Disces Index [2022] ye-Global Display Disease] ye-General Disc, kanti futhi iyi-asperter yesithathu enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ekhipha igesi efudumala kakhulu. Ukulinganisela izifiso zokuthuthukisa imingcele yendawo ezungezile ezungezile. Lesi sihloko sihlola inqubo kahulumeni. Izinhlelo, izinhlelo, nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo i-Indiya ilawula ukushintsha kwesimo sayo kanye nezokumayela isimo sezulu, kuveza intuthuko yamuva kanye nezinyathelo ezithathe isikhathi eside.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nesemithetho

Ukumiswa Komthetho - sisekelo

I-Indiya Constitution ekuqaleni yayingenalo ilungiselelo elicacile lokuvikela indawo ezungezile. ISichibiyelo sama-42 ngo-1976 senezela iSiphakamiso 48A, esiqondisa umbuso ukuba uvikele futhi uthuthukise indawo ezungezile futhi uvikele amahlathi nezilwane zasendle, kanye neSiphakamiso 51A(g), esikwenza kube umsebenzi oyisisekelo wezakhamuzi zonke ukuvikela imvelo. INkantolo Ephakeme ichaze iSiphakamiso 21 (inelungelo lokuphila) ukuba ihlanganise ilungelo lendawo ezungezile ehlanzekile, yakha ithuluzi elinamandla lokusiza umphakathi ukuba uthakazelise.

Imithetho Eyinhloko Yendawo Ezungezile

Igunyaza i-Environal Protection Act (EPA), 1986: yagunyazwa ngemva kwenhlekelele yegesi yeBhopal, i-EPA inikeza isakhiwo sesambulela sokuhlela uhulumeni ophethe indawo ezungezile. Inika uhulumeni ophethe amandla okumisa izindinganiso zokukhipha igesi, izinyathi, ukuphatha udoti, kanye nendawo ezungezile. I-Act iye yasetshenziselwa ukwazisa i-Ascement Assesment (EIA), imithetho yokuphatha amagatsha omngcele, nemithetho yokuphatha imfucucumfucu.

Umthetho wokwehlisa itheku (Indawo), 1980: Lesenzo sidinga ukuvunyelwa kukahulumeni omkhulu ngaphambi kokuba noma yiliphi izwe lamahlathi lingaphambukiswa ngenjongo yokungatshali mahlathi. Kuye kwancishiswa kakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngemisebenzi yezezimboni, nakuba intuthuko ihlala iphikisana. Njengango-2023, amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5 ezwe lasehlathini aye aphambukiswa ngaphansi koMthetho, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhokha i-oda i-comfax.

IWildlive Protection Act, 1972: Lesisenzo samisa uhlelo olungokomthetho lwezindawo ezivikelweyo(izindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala zasendle, izindawo zokugcinwa kwezilwane, amahlosi, nendawo yokulondolozwa kwezilwane. Ilawula futhi ukuzingela, ukuhweba ngemikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle, futhi yenza indawo yezindawo zokuhlala yezilwane eziyinhloko zokugada izilwane nezindawo zezilwane zasendle.

Umthetho wesizwe weGreen Tribunal Act, 2010: INGT inikeza imvume ekhethekile yesinqumo sempikiswano yendawo ezungezile, namabhentshi kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Iphatha amacala ahlobene nokuphulwa kwendawo ezungezile, imbuyiselo, nokugcinwa kwamalungelo endawo ezungezile. INGT iye yaba yi-remigator esebenzayo, ikhipha iziyalezo zokungcoliswa komoya, ukulawulwa kwemfucumfucumfucu, nokulawulwa kwezemboni.

Ukuthatha Icala Kokwahlulela Nomthetho Wendawo Ezungezile

I-judiary ephezulu yaseNdiya iye yafeza indima ephawulekayo ekuqondiseni indawo ezungezile. Izahlulelo ze-Landmark zihlanganisa i-Ganga indaba yokungcola (1988), eyaqondisa izikhumba zokulungisa izikhumba ukuze zifake izitshalo zempicamelo; I-Delhi CNG [[[FLT]] Inkinga ye-1960], eyagunyaza ukuguqula ukufinyeza igesi yemvelo; kanye ne-Gonavarman mes me metation [[FLT:] [96]] [96])], eyachazwa kabusha ukuthi “ngenxa ye-indawo yonke i-dictionator, iletha amapheshana amakhulu ngaphansi kwesivikelo. INkakhulu liyaqhubeka ukuqondisa i-Genegadi ye-me elikhusi elimisiweyo elihlangene (FT).CCE)

Icebo Lesizwe Lokushintsha Isimo Sezulu

Iqaliswe ngo-2008, i-National Action Plan on Climate Change (NFTCC) ilokhu iyisimiso esiyinhloko sesimiso sezomoya saseNdiya sesimiso sezezulu. Isho isishiyagalombili ze-National Mission ezithi zikwazi ukuhlanganisa nokuzivumelanisa namaqoqo ayinhloko. I-NAPCCC iphawuleka ngokugcizelela ukusondela kwezenzo ezihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa i-benefitting eziqhubekisela phambili imigomo yokuthuthukisa inkathi ethile kuyilapho kuveza izinzuzo zesimo sezulu.

Ukuthunywa Kwesizwe Kwezizwe Eziyisishiyagalombili

I-National Solar Mission (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission):[ Ekuqaleni yahlasela u-20W wezinga lelanga ngo-2022, inhloso yabukezwa yaba yikhulu GW futhi yahlanganwa kakhulu. I-India ifinyelele i-GW yezinga lelanga elifakiweyo njengelamakhulu lama-2025, eliqhutshwa yintengiso yombango eqinile, ukwakhiwa kwecebo le-Unionsion Concendivendived Incentive (PLI), kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwepaki enkulu yelanga. I-injini ye-layinging. I-injini ye-injini yelanga iye yafinyelela ehla ngendlela ephawulekayo ku-injini yelanga, ifinyelela ku-2002/2/K ngo-2023.

Icebo lesizwe lokulungisa i-Gradient Energy Euniverse (NMEEE): [ Lomsebenzi usebenza ngemishini esekelwe emakethe kuhlanganise neFange, iPiece ne Trade (PAT) yempumelelo yamandla emboni, i-Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), kanye nohlelo lokulawula kwezezezezezemboni, i-PAT ihlanganise izilinganiso zezezezemboni ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, ukufinyelela imali elingana cishe izigidi eziyishumi zika-oyile ka-woyela ngonyaka.

UMission yamanzi yesizwe: igxile ekuqondiseni imithombo yamanzi ehlangene, umsebenzi uhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngempumelelo ngo-20%. Izinhlelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa iJal Jeevan Mission, eye yanikeza ukuxhumana kwamanzi emizini yasemaphandleni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-201 (ihlanganisa amakhaya asemaphandleni angu 75% ngo-2024), kanye ne-Atal Bhujal Yaja ukuze kuqondiswe amanzi.

I-National Mission for Sunging the Himalayan Ecosystem: Lomsebenzi uhlanganisa ukuchayeka kobuthithi bezwe lase-Himalaya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngokuhlola, ukucwaninga, nokujwayela umphakathi. Isungule inxanxathela yezindawo zokuhlola izinkanyezi neziteshi zokucwaninga futhi isekela amasu kahulumeni ezindawo zase-Himalaya.

UMission wesizwe ka-Green India: Igxile ekufuleni amahlathi nasekulungiseni imvelo, lomsebenzi uhloselwe ukwandisa isigquma samahlathi ngamahektare ayizigidi eziyisihlanu futhi uthuthukise izinga lamanye amahektare ayizigidi eziyisihlanu. Isekela amakomiti asebenza ahlangene amahlathi kanye nezinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekusebenziseni imisebenzi yokulima nokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo.

I-National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): i-NMA ikhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezihlanganisa isimo sezulu ezihlanganisa izimiso zokulima ezihlangeneyo, ukulima okukhiqizwayo, ubuchwepheshe benaniselwa-manzi (ukunisela ngenkasa), nomshuwalense wesitshalo wesitshalo nge-Pradanhan Fasal Bima Yoya. U-Soil amakhadi empilo anikezwa abalimi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu- 230 ukuze bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa komanyolo.

I-National Mission on Strategint Knowledge for Climate Change: Le mishini yezezimali zokucwaninga, izinhlelo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwekhono lokuhlela isayensi yesimo sezulu nesimiso. Isungule izikhungo zokushintsha isimo sezulu emayunivesithi futhi isekela i-Indiya Network for Climate Change Assesment (INCCA), eveza abasunguli be-GHGGG.

I-National Mission on Sustainable Habitat:[ Lomthunywa uthuthukisa izakhiwo ezisebenza kahle amandla nge-Energy Conservation Building Code, ukuphatha udoti wasemadolobheni kusuka e-Swachh Bharat Mission, kanye nentuthuko yezokuthutha yomphakathi enjengokunwebeka kwenjali ye-metro kuwo wonke amadolobha angu-20+.

Izinqubo ZoMbuso Ekushintsheni Kwesimo Sezulu (SAPCC)

Isifunda ngasinye nesifunda sesifundazwe nesifunda senhlangano siye sasungula iState Action Plan on Climate Change, ihlotshaniswa nezindawo ezisendaweni ezihlukene kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Lamacebo ayabukezwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngokwesibonelo, uGujarat ugxile ekwakheni amandla nokuphathwa kwezindawo zogu lolwandle ngokuqhathaniswa nokugcizelela kuka-Assam ukuqina kwemvula kanye nokuzivumelanisa ne-tiye. Uhulumeni ophethe unikeza isiqondiso, ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusekela okuthile nge-Clima Change Act Action Programme (CAP), kodwa uveza ukusetshenziswa kwemali kakhulu ngezimali ngezimali zawo siqu nangezinhlelo zokusekela izimali kanye nezindlela zokutshala itiye.

Izinhlelo Ezinkulu Zokuvikela Imvelo

Inqubo Yokuvikela Ihlosi Nezilwane Zasendle

Iqaliswe ngo- 1973, iProject Tiger ingenye yezindlela zokuzilungisa eziphumelela kakhulu eNdiya. Uhlelo olusungulwe lwehlosi elinikezelwe elinamatheko aqinile ehlosi, ukulawulwa kwendawo yokuhlala, nezilinganiso zokulwa namapheya. Izwe laseNdiya manje lisebenza amakhothali ehlosi angu-59,8,000 wamakhilomitha-skwele. Ngokwe-2023 All India Tiger Estimation Report, inani lehlosi laseNdiya liminte cishe abantu abalelwa ku-3,682, abamele cishe 75% benani lehlosi lasezweni lembulunga yonke.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokulondoloza izilwane ezihamba phambili zihlanganisa i-Elephant 1992, iProject Rhino (2005], kanye I-Censaves of Great Indian Bustard uhlelo. INdiya futhi iseke amakhorali e-Nilgri, i-Sundalbans, ne-Nandacbans, asebenza njengezibonelo zokulondolozwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Icebo Lesizwe Lokwenza Isayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo

I-National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), eyathuthukiswa ngo-2014, ivumelana ne-Convention on Biological Divertificity’s Aichicoties. Icebo liveza izisulu eziyi-12 zesizwe kuhlanganise nokuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane ezisongelwayo, ukwandisa izinhlangano zendawo ezivikelekile, nokuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekuhleleni izinhlelo zombuso zezenzo zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokumiswa kwamaKomiti eMisebenzi yombuso eMigangathoni ye-Biodiversity ephethe i-Abicity emazingeni kahulumeni endawo.

I-Biological Diversity Act, 2002 idinga inzuzo ekusebenziseni imithombo yamakhemikhali nolwazi olungokwesiko. I-National Biodiversity Authority ilawula ukutholakala kwemithombo yezinto eziphilayo futhi iye yagunyaza izinhlelo zemishini ezingaphezu kuka-300 zokucwaninga izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano, ingenisa inzuzo yokulondoloza inzuzo ngezivumelwano ezizuzisayo.

Ukutshalwa Kwamahlathi Nokubuyiselwa Kwamahlathi

Izwe laseNdiya liye lazimisela ukwenza omunye uju lwekhabhoni engamatoni ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,3 e-CO2 alinganayo ehlathini elithengwayo nasesihlahlani ngo-2030, njengengxenye ye-National Provinceo (NDC). Izinhlelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuqoqa i-Afrestation Fund Udministration and Planning Authority (CAMPA):[[[FT:1] INkantolo Ephakeme eqoqwe izimali iqoqa imali yokulungisa ihlathi futhi izihambise ekulimazeni ihlathi. I-CAMPA corpus idlula i-crore (approx. $7,2 000 000 000 000 000 000), elawulwa ngezimiso zikahulumeni ze-CAMPA.
  • I-National Affestation and Eco-Development Board:[ iveza amahlathi ngeminyango yezwe yehlathi namakomiti okuphatha amahlathi ahlangene.
  • Imisebenzi yase-India eluhlaza: igxila ekuvuselelweni kwemvelo, kuhlanganise nemihlume, ihlathi, kanye namahlathi, kanye nokuhlanganyela komphakathi.
  • Ihlathi lase-Urban neNagar Van Scheme: yaqala ngo-2020, icebo lihloselwe ukwakha amahlathi asemadolobheni angu 200 emadolobheni amaningi ehlangene nemiphakathi yendawo, indawo ezimele, kanye nezindikimba zendawo.

Ihlathi laseNdiya, njengoba libikwe i - Indian State of Forest Report 2023, lisezingxenyeni ezingu - 21,76% zendawo, ukwanda kwamakhilomitha - skwele angu - 1 445 kusukela ngo - 2021. Nokho, ukukhathazeka kuyaqhubeka ngezinga lokusibekela amahlathi, ikakhulukazi kuncipha ezigabeni zamahlathi ezisesilinganisweni neziminyene ezindaweni zasenkabeni yeNdiya.

Ukwanda Kwamandla Okuvuselelwa

Ukuhola Kwamandla Elanga

I-Indiya ivele njengendlu yamandla elanga yomhlaba wonke. International Solar Alliance (ISA]], eyasungulwa yi-Indiya neFrance ngo-2015, manje inamazwe angaphezu kuka-201 angamalungu. Ekhaya, i-Indiya ifake u-81 GW wezinga lelanga ekuqaleni kuka-2025, phezulu kusukela ku-3 GW ngo-2014. Izinsimbi zesimiso esiyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Indawo yokuhlala yesolar Parks Scheme: Intuthuko yamapaki amahlanu elanga ezindaweni ezingu-22, ngalinye elingaphezu kuka-500 MW
  • Roottop Solar Programme: Umgomo wokufinyelela amashumi amane obubanzi bendlu yophahla lwelanga ngo-2026
  • Umdwebo we-PLI we-plan PV Manufecting: Ukwakha i-crore yokwakha amandla okwakha asekhaya kusukela ku-60 GW kuya ku-100 GW
  • Ugesi wengcaca ovulekile we-access Reads 2022: Uvumela abathengi ukuba bathole amandla avuselelekayo ngokuqondile kuvela kubakhiqizi

Amandla Omoya Nemisebenzi Ephehlwayo

INdiya iyingxenye yesine embulungeni yonke esendaweni efakwa ugesi womoya, cishe ngo-46 GW. I-National Wind Energy Mission igxila ekutholeni injini endala, ukukhula komoya oselude kakhulu ogwini (ithatha ama-30 GW ogwini ngo-2030), kanye nemisebenzi exubile yokuphehla i-langa. I-Gujarat ne-Tamil Nadu luye lwabonakala ngenxa yemisebe yomoya osuka ogwini, kanye nemfuculu ekhishwe ngo-2024.

Izisulu Zamandla Aphinde Avuselelwe

I-NDC elungisiwe yaseNdiya ifinyelela ku-500 GW yomthamo kagesi ongewona owenziwe nge-fossil ngo-2030. Kusukela ngo-2025, i-oyile evuselelwe ingaphezu kwe-180 GW (kuhlanganise ne-hydrodro enkulu). Izwe lihlose ukuhlangabezana nezindawo zalo zikagesi ezingamashumi amahlanu% ezidingwayo ezivuselelwayo kusuka ku-2030. Nakuba amalahle elokhu ewumthombo oyinhloko (cishe 220 GW efakiwe), ingxenye yezibuye zakhiwa esizukulwaneni iye yakhuphuka cishe ibe ngu-30% kuFY2025, ihlongoze isigaba se-lashade phansi kunokuba iphume isigaba, iqaphela ukulondeka namandla nokucatshangelwa emsebenzini.

Ukushintsha Isimo Sezulu Nokulawulwa Kwenhlekelele

Izinqubo Zokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu saseNdiya kubangela amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu - 70 ezindleko zayo ezihlangene nesimo sezulu, okubonisa ukuthi izwe lisengozini yezenzakalo zezulu ezimbi. Izinhlelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Imali yesizwe e-Intengiselwano parmotional Fund on Climate Change (NAFCC):[ imisebenzi yokuguqula izimali kwezolimo, emithombo yamanzi, nasezindaweni zogu, necroole engaphezu kwe 761,000 ezabelwe imisebenzi ephezulu kahulumeni.
  • [ Ukuphathwa kwezindawo ezisenkabeni: I-National Centre for Sustainable Coast Isebenza ebalazweni lengozi, ukubuyiselwa kwemihlume, kanye nokujwa kwezindawo zaseSundarbans nakwezinye izindawo zogu.
  • Urban Heat Island Mitigation: iHeat Action Plan, eyaphayona ngo-Ahmedabad ngo-2013 futhi manje ephinda-phindwa emadolobheni angu-30, ihlanganisa izimiso zokuxwayisa zakuqala, izikhungo zokupholisa, kanye nokwakha izinguquko zezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokucindezeleka.
  • [[NT:0] Imission Shantioti ye-MGNREGA I-integration: Ukuhlobanisa iMahatma Gandhi National Goralclibtion Act ne-scription tract (ukushintsha isimo sezulu esingaphezulu kwamashumi ama-60% we-MGNREGA asebenza hilela ukulondoloza amanzi, ukuvuselela, nokulungisa imfucumfucu, ukwakheka ngokuqondile edolobhaneni.

Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yenhlekelele

I-National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) ihlanganisa ukusabela kwesiphepho esihlobene nenhlekelele. Ukulawula kwesiphepho kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu kakhulu($ i-Cyclone Phailin (2013) ukususwa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1, banciphisa ukufa kwaba ngu-45 uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu 10 000+ kunyaka ka 1999 isishingishane esikhulu. Uhulumeni uye wafaka izikhungo zesiphepho esikhulu, izimiso ezixwayisayo zakuqala, kanye nezinqinga zogu. Izinhlangano zembubhiso zezokuhlanganisa iziteshi ezisemfula ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu, futhi izimali ze-Proldmigue zenza izakhiwo ze-ommondayment provingment neption ziyasebenza.

Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nesimo Sezulu

Isivumelwano SaseParis Ne - NDCs

I-Indiya ingumdlali oyinhloko ezingxoxweni zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Iminikelo yayo ezimisele zweni lonke (NDC) ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sase Paris, esivuselelwe ngo-2022, iyathatha:

  • Ukunciphisa ukushisa kwe - GDP ngo - 45% ngo - 2030 kusukela ngo - 2005
  • Ifinyelele 50% amandla afakiwe anamandla avela emithonjeni engabonisi mandla ngo-2030
  • Yenza isisinki secarbon esingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ne-CO2 alinganayo esimbozweni sehlathi nesihlahla ngo - 2030

Izwe laseNdiya limemezele futhi isisulu senetha eline-zero 2070, nakuba abahlaziyi bephawula ukuthi lokhu kushiya uhlelo lwekharbon olubalulekile oluhlobene nezisulu ezingu-2050 zamazwe amaningi athuthukile.

Ukuhlanganyela KwamaZwe Nezimo Eziningi

I-Indiya ihlanganyela ngokuzikhandla e- Isivumelwano se-Asacial Climatic Infrapurective (CDRI), International Solar Alliance , kanye ne-Asia-Pacificial Climatic interrial international . Ukubambisana okukhona mayelana nokuzinza kwesimo sezulu namandla ahlanzekile kukhulu eJapane, eJalimane, eUnited Kingdom, nase United States. Isenzo se-ACFDYM) nezentelligation (AFM)[FM] [FLD]], ekwakhelisweni kwezentengo yezentengo, enyaka ne-CPP], egxilini emboni emhlophe.

I-Indiya iye yafeza indima eyakhayo e Iqembu lokusebenza kwezemali eliHlanganisekayo futhi iye yaba ummeleli onamandla wobulungisa besimo sezulu nobulungisa emhlabeni wonke, igcizelela umthwalo wemfanelo ongokomlando wamazwe athuthukile nesimiso seMathetho avamile kodwa ahlukile (CDRRRRRRC).

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokubusa Kwendawo

Ukulawulwa Kwehlathi Elihlangene (JFM)

Kusukela ngo-1990, i-JFM iye yahlanganisa imiphakathi yendawo evikela amahlathi futhi ephatha i-Village Forest Committee kunye namaKomiti oMnyango Wehlathi oPhakathi. Amakomiti angaphezu kuka-118 000 aphatha cishe amahektare ayizigidi eziyi 25 ezwe lasehlathini. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa amalungelo e-ufruc (ukuqoqwa kwamapulangwe, ifolishi, nemikhiqizo yamahlathi engaqinile), umsebenzi owenzelwa ehlathini, nokukhokha imali ekhuhla ngezo lamapulangwe. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukuthatha iqhaza kwe-JFM kuye kwehla ngenxa yobandlululo nokungatholi nzuzo, kodwa isisekelo esihlala sisesisekelo sokulondoloza imvelo yomphakathi.

I - Gram Sabha Ne - biodiversity Committee

I-Biological Diversity Act igunyaza i-Biodiversity Management Committee (BMCs) elinganisweni ye-gram pankachayat, ebhala izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo, ilungiselela i-Biodiversity Registers, futhi iqinisekisa inzuzo ekhona ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwe 2.500 BMCs isunguliwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezicebile njenge-Kerala, Odisha, ne Himal Pradesh. [[FLT: 0] I-FOST Act, 2006 iqaphela amalungelo ezindawo zomphakathi angaphezulu kwezigidi ezingu-15, igunyaza imiphakathi yezinhlanga ukuba ilawule amahlathi ngaphansi kwezinhlangano zazo siqu.

Ukuqaphela Indawo Nemfundo

Uhulumeni uqhuba iNational Environment Awareness Campaign [[NEAC] , uhlelo lwemali i-NGOS, izikole, namakholiji okuqondisa izinhlelo zokuqaphela ukuphatha udoti, ukulondoloza amanzi, kanye nesenzo sezulu. Abathatha inxaxheba abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bafinyelelwa minyaka yonke. i-National Green Corps uhlelo lweze-Eco-Clubs ezikoleni ezingaphezu kwe-150 000, ezihilela abafundi ekutshaleni kwezihlahla nakuhlola amandla. Izindawo ezithanda ukuhlahlela isayensi yendawo ezungezile.]

Izinselele Nokugxeka

Igebe Eliyiphutha

Naphezu kwezimiso ezibanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo akulingani. Izinselele eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuthembela komgoqo wemali: Ama-akhawunti enkathini engu-70% kagesi, futhi amalahle ancishiswa ngokuhlola ukulondeka kwamandla nezifundazwe ezinamalahle. I-octives ezintsha zamalahle ziyaqhubeka ngisho nanjengokwandiswa okungavuselelwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inkinga yokungcola: I-National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) ibhekene nokwehla kwamazinga ePMS angu-40% ngo-2026 (u-2019), kodwa intuthuko iye yehla kancane emadolobheni amaningi angu-132 angafinyelelanga. Amadolobha angaba ngu-30 kuphela asemaqenjini okuhlangabezana nezisulu.
  • Imisebenzi ye- Ilawula kakhulu: Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yehlathi ekumbaleni, izakhiwo eziseceleni (izindlela, imigwaqo), kanye nezokuvikela kuyaqhubeka, ngokucwenga kwendawo ezungezile okuvame ukukhishwa ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kwezindawo zamahlathi.
  • Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuncipha kwamanzi agudle umhlaba, ikakhulukazi ePunjab, eHaryana, nasezindaweni ze-Telayana, kufaka izingozi zokwakha. IJal Shakti Abhiyan ne-Atal Bhual Yhojana yenza indlela elinganiselwe yokuhamba ngokumelene nezimiso zokulima eziqinile nezokuguqula.
  • Amandla okulawula: Ibhodi yokulawula ukungcola phakathi naphakathi futhi emazingeni kahulumeni ayisebenzi kakhulu futhi ayihlonyiswe kahle, iholela ekuphoqeleleni okuncane kokukhishwa nezindinganiso zokukhululeka.

Izingqinamba Zezimali

Imfuneko yezezomnotho zaseNdiya ilinganiselwa ku-R2,5 zigidi zezigidi ngo-2030. Imali kahulumeni wamanje evela kuyo yonke imithombo (imali ephakathi kwemali, izimali zikahulumeni, usizo oluningi) ilingana cishe nama-200,000 ezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ngonyaka, ishiya igebe elikhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye yomphakathi ekwakheni amandla avuselelekayo kuye kwaqina, kodwa ukushintshwa kwezezimali, ikakhulukazi kwezolimo, amanzi, kanye nezindawo zogu. I-National Alternatiation Fund[ ihlala isesihlotsheni esingaphansi kwesidingo sokudinga.

Imigomo Nebalazwe Lesikhathi Esizayo

Izenzakalo Eziyingqopha - mlando Zenetha 2070 Ne - Intermim

Isisulu senetha-zero laseNdiya ngo-2070 sisekelwe izinkinobho ezinhlanu eziphakathi kwezimpoqo ezibizwa ngokuthi Panchamrit:

  • Umthamo kaphethiloli ongangeni magW 500 ngo - 2030
  • 50% imfuneko kagesi etholakala ezintweni ezivuselelwa ngo - 2030
  • Ukunciphisa amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1 egesi eyakhishwa ngo - 2030
  • Ukuncishiswa kwezinga le - GDP ngo - 45% ngo - 2030 (kusukela ngo - 2005)
  • Ukwenziwa komusi wecarbon owengeziwe wamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 2,5 nezigidi ezingu - 3 esihlahleni sehlathi

I- I-LIFE Mission (Ukuphila Kwendawo Ezungezile) , ekhishwe e-COP26, ithuthukisa izindlela eziqinile zokusebenzisa ukudla ngoshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha kumuntu ngamunye nasemphakathini, ehlasela amandla, amanzi, udoti, nokukhetha ukudla.

Amabalazwe Ezindlela Eziyihlelo

Ukuhamba okungaqondakali: Uhulumeni uhlasela ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ezingamaphesenti amathathu ngo-2030, kusekelwa iFAME (Ukwamukelwa Kwezingane Zokutholwa Nezimo Zombane) udwebo nezimiso ze-EV. Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zezemisebenzi kulinganiswa ngemifelandawo kanye nokuhlanganyela kombuso.

I-hydrogen eluhlaza: i-Green Green Hydrogen Mission, enendawo engaphandle ye-1919,744 crore, izisulu zokukhiqizwa kwama-tonne ayizigidi eziyisihlanu e-hydrogen aluhlaza ngonyaka ngo-2030, ibeka i-Indiya njengesikhungo sembulunga yonke sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

[[FLT: 0] Umnotho we-Curcular: INdiya imisa imithetho yesakhi yomthwalo womkhiqizi womthwalo wemfanelo owandisiwe (EPR) ngaphesheya kwepulasitiki, ibhethri, i-waste, ne-tyre commun. I-Swach Bharat Mission ne-Plastic Waste Management Remetal ijonge ukufinyelela 50% we-pulasitiki ngokuphinda i-phinda i-phinda-phinda ngo-phinda-phinde ngo-phindo ngo-2026.

Amakethe e-Calbon:[ Umthetho we-Energy Conservation (Amendment) 2022 uvumela ukwakhiwa kwecebo lokuthenga ngekharbon, kulindeleke ukuba kusebenze ngo-2026, kunikeze inqubo yemakethe yokuncitshiswa kokuzithandela nokuncitshiswa kwemikhiqizo ehambisanayo.

Izinguquko Zezici Ezingokweziqu

Uhulumeni usebenzela ukumisa iHlathi laseIndian ne-Climate Change Service njengekhabethe elinikezelwe, eliqinisa amandla esayensi nezokugcinwa kwendawo ezungezile. I-GDP Lumeosess, ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa kwe-National Astronical Survey Office, lizolandisa ukuncipha kwenhloko yemvelo emakhaleni esizwe, lazise izinqumo eziqinile zezentengiselwano zezwe.

Isiphetho

Indlela i-India ehlela ngayo ukulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ibonisa isikhundla sayo esiyingqayizivele njengezwe elikhulayo elinezinhloso ezijulile, izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezizungezile, kanye nokungahleleki okukhulu kwesimo sezulu. Isimiso sohlelo (ukusuka ekugunyazweni komthetho-mthetho) emikhankasweni yezokulondolozwa kwezilwane nezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwezilwane (nezimiso zokulondolozwa kwezilwane) okubanzi futhi okuvame ukuthuthuka. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo kuyaqhubeka kucindezelwa yizikhala zezindawo zokuhlela, izingcindezelo eziphikisanayo zentuthuko, kanye nokulinganiselwa kwezimali.

Uhulumeni uye wabonisa isibopho sangempela sokwandisa amandla avuselelwe, ukubuyisela amahlathi, nokwakha isimo sezulu esiqinile, kodwa ukuthembela kwamalahle, ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, nokungcoliswa komhlaba kuyaqhubeka kuveza izingozi ezingokohlelo. Ukulawula kwendawo ezungezile yaseNdiya kuxhomeke ekuqiniseni izinhlangano zendawo, ukuthuthukisa izimali, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-conefictives zezemo yezulu nezomkhakhamo. Ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya, ukuthuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokuziphilisa okungaguquguqukiyo kuqashekiyo kuqashelwe emhlabeni. Ezweni lapho indawo ezungezile ihlangene ngokunenzuzo nemikhuba engokwesiko, impumelelo yalemiphakathi kwezindawo nendawo ezungezile, iyakulinganiswa ekulungiseni isimo sezindawo nezindawo. [FFFFF:FFF], [202], u-FFFFT], u-FFFFF. [FFF], umbiko we-E.[3]