Indlela Ukubukeza Kwesimiso Senkantolo Okukuthinta Ngayo: Amaqiniso Ayinhloko Ezakhamuzi

Isimiso senkantolo singenye yezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini waseMelika. Ichaza imithetho, ixazulula izingxabano, futhi ivikela amalungelo abantu. Nokho, izakhamuzi eziningi zihlala ziyinkimbinkimbi, ziyesabisa izinqubo ne-gogon. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubizelwa umsebenzi wejaji, ufaka inkantolo icala, noma umane nje ufuna ukuqonda amalungelo akho, ukwazi izisekelo zokusebenza kwezinkantolo zenza umehluko omkhulu. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe, okuwusizo kwesimiso senkantolo ye-U.S.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqonda Isimiso Senkantolo Kubaluleke

Nsuku zonke, izinkantolo zenza izinqumo ezilawula umphakathi wakini, imali yakho, nenkululeko yakho.

Ulwazi ngesimiso senkantolo lunciphisa nokukhathazeka. Ukuqulwa kwamacala angokomthetho kungacindezela, kodwa ukwazi okumelwe ukulindele kukusiza ukuba ulawule inqubo ngokuqiniseka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungummangalelwa, ummangalelwa, ufakazi, noma umbusi, ukuqonda okucacile kwesimiso kukunika amandla okwenza ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuze uthole ukucubungula okubanzi kwendlela igatsha lokwahlulela elifanela ngayo kuhulumeni kahulumeni, hlola incazelo engokomthetho yeNkantolo yase-U.S. yendima yenkantolo nokwakheka kwesakhiwo .

Isimiso Senkantolo

Isimiso senkantolo yase-U.S. asisona isigaba esisodwa, esihlangene. Kunalokho, sihlanganisa izimiso ezimbili ezihambelanayo: isimiso senkantolo yombuso nezimiso zenkantolo zikahulumeni. Ngasinye sinegunya laso, isimo, nemithetho. Ukuqonda lesi sakhiwo esihlangene kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuqondeni indlela izinkantolo ezisebenza ngayo.

Izinkantolo Ezizimele

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha amacala ahilela uMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S., imithetho kahulumeni, izingxabano phakathi kwemibuso, namacala athile ahilela izakhamuzi ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukene.

  • Izinkantolo zesifunda: Lezi izinkantolo zokuqulwa kwesimiso sikahulumeni. Kunezinkantolo zesigodi ezingu-49 kulo lonke izwe, futhi amacala amaningi aqala lapha. Izinkantolo zesigodi zizwa kokubili amacala omphakathi nawobugebengu ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni.
  • Amakhonsathi amacala okudlulisa: futhi abizwa ngokuthi izinkantolo zesifunda, lezi zinqumo zokubukeza ezivela ezinkantolo zesifunda. Kunezifunda eziyi 13 ezithatha amacala noma zizwe ubufakazi obusha; kunalokho, babukeza inqubo engokomthetho nezimpikiswano zenkantolo ephansi.
  • Inkantolo ye-United States: Lena inkantolo ephakeme kakhulu ezweni. Inesinqumo samaphi amacala okumelwe ezwe, ikhetha ikakhulukazi lawo ahilela imibuzo engokomthetho-sisekelo ebalulekile noma izingxabano phakathi kwezinkantolo eziphansi.

Izinkantolo ZoMbuso

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha amacala amaningi e-United States. Isifunda ngasinye sinesimiso saso senkantolo, kodwa eziningi zilandela isimo esifanayo:

  • Izinkantolo zendawo:[ ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi izinkantolo zikamasipala noma zezobulungisa, lezi zisingatha amacala amancane omphakathi, ukwephulwa komgwaqo, kanye neziphakamiso ezincane. Ziyizinkantolo eziningi ezisebenzelana ngokuqondile.
  • Izinkantolo ze-' Lezi izinkantolo eziyinhloko zecala elingathi sína lomphakathi nobugebengu. Zinegunya elibanzi futhi zizwa ubufakazi, zibiza ofakazi, futhi zikhipha izinqumo.
  • [ Izinkantolo eziphakanyiswayo: Izifundazwe eziningi zinezinkantolo ezithatha izinqumo ezicubungula izinqumo zenkantolo. Lezinkantolo zilungisa amaphutha enqubeni engokomthetho noma encamini.
  • Inkantolo yeSizwe ePhakeme: Inkantolo ephakeme kakhulu esifundazweni ngasinye, ngokuvamile elalela izikhalo ezindabeni zikahulumeni ezibalulekile. Izinqumo zabo ziwukugcina ngaphandle kokuba kuphakanyiswe umbuzo kahulumeni.

Ukuze uthole ukuwohloka okuningiliziwe kwendlela isifundazwe sakho esihlela ngayo izinkantolo zaso, vakashela i-pal Center for State Courts ye-'National Center's' ye-'State Courts', enikeza imithombo kanye nokuxhumana negatsha lokwahlulela lombuso ngamunye.

Indlela Amacala Azwakala Ngayo: Inqubo Kusukela Ekuqaleni Kuze Kuphele

Ukuqonda inqubo yecala lenkantolo ngokulandelana kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi yini okumelwe uyilindele. Nakuba izinqubo zihlukahluka ngokwendlela yokulawula nohlobo lwecala, ukugeleza okuvamile akuguquguquki.

Ukuphonsa Icala

Icala liqala lapho othile efaka isikhalo noma isicelo enkantolo efanelekile. Ukufaka isicelo kumelwe kuhlanganise nesisekelo esingokomthetho salokho okushiwoyo, abahilelekile, futhi kufuneke usizo. Inkantolo ihlola ifadingi lokuqinisekisa ukuthi inegunya nokuthi icala lihlangabezana nezimfuneko eziyisisekelo ezingokomthetho. Uma ifomu lenkantolo lamukelwa, likhipha isaziso futhi icala liqala ngokomthetho.

Ukuqhubeka Kwamacala

Ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, zombili izinhlangothi zihlanganyela ekutholeni, zihlanganyela ubufakazi nokwaziswa. Lesi sigameko sihlanganisa ukufakwa kwezincwadi, ukuphenywa kwezicelo. Inkantolo ingacela ukuba ikhiphe icala, ikhiphe ubufakazi obuthile, noma ixazulule izindaba ezithile ezingokomthetho ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala eliphelele. Amacala amaningi axazululwa phakathi naleli zingako ngezivumelwano noma ngezicelo.

Ukuqulwa Kwecala

Uma icala liqhubeka, zombili izinhlangothi ziveza izimpikiswano zazo nobufakazi. Ecaleni lasebhentshini, umahluleli wenza isinqumo. Ecaleni lejaji, iqembu lezakhamuzi lizwa ubufakazi futhi lifinyelele isinqumo. Inqubo yokuqulwa kwecala ihlanganisa izinkulumo zokuvula, ubufakazi, ukuphenya, ukuphenya, izimpikiswano zokuphetha, neziqondiso. Indinganiso yobufakazi iyahluka: amacala omphakathi adinga "ukuphikisana nobufakazi," kuyilapho amacala obugebengu edinga ubufakazi obunengqondo."

Ukwahlulela Nokukhanga

Ngemva kwecala, umahluleli ufaka isahlulelo esisekelwe esinqumweni. Noma yiluphi uhlangothi lungadlulisa isinqumo enkantolo ephakeme uma bekholelwa ukuthi kwenzeke iphutha elingokomthetho. Izikhalo zingagxila embuzweni womthetho, hhayi eqinisweni. Inkantolo ye-appellate ingaqinisekisa, ibuye iphendule, noma iphinde idlulise icala uma icala liqhubeka. Kwezinye izimo, ukudlulisa izikhalo kungaqhubekela enkantolo ephakeme noma ngisho naseNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezahlulelo

Ukunqoba icala kuyingxenye yempi. Isahlulelo kumelwe siphoqelelwe. Uma kufunwa izahlulelo zemali, lokhu kungahlanganisa ukukhokhwa kwemali, ukukhokhwa kwemali ebhange, noma izimpahla. Ngemithetho noma iziyalezo ezithile, inkantolo ingamdelela lowo olahlekelwayo uma ehluleka ukuhambisana. Ukukhomba imvume yokuphoqelelwa kugxeka noma ubani ophishekela ukumangalelwa okungokomthetho.

Ithonya Ezakhamuzini: Amalungelo Nemithwalo Yakho Yemfanelo

Ukwazi amalungelo nemithwalo yakho yemfanelo kukusiza ukuba ulawule izimo ezingokomthetho ngokuqiniseka.

IJury Duty

Ukusebenza ejajini kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yomphakathi. Abasizi banquma amaqiniso futhi basebenzise umthetho njengoba ufundiswa umahluleli. Uma ubizwa ukuba ube yijaji, unelungelo lokuthethelelwa ngezizathu ezizwakalayo, kodwa futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhonza uma ufaneleka. Inkonzo kaJury iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zinendima eqondile esimisweni sobulungisa.

Ubufakazi

Uma ubona ubugebengu noma uhilelekile esenzakalweni esithile, ungase kubizwe ukuba ufakaze. Njengofakazi, unelungelo lokuvikelwa ekosabeni futhi uthole ukwaziswa ngalelocala. futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuluma iqiniso ngaphansi kwesifungo. Ubufakazi bamanga bungaphumela ekumangaleni.

Ukuba Umlweli

Uma umangalelwa ngobugebengu noma umangalelwa enkantolo yomphakathi, unamalungelo athile. Ezicaleni zobugebengu, lezi zihlanganisa ilungelo kummeli, ilungelo lokuthula, nelungelo lokuqulwa kwecala ngokushesha. Ezinkantolo zomphakathi, unelungelo lokusabela ekukhononeni, ebufakazini obukhona, futhi udlulisele isinqumo esingesihle. Ukuqonda lamalungelo kukusiza ukuba uzivikele.

Ukufinyelela Ekulungeni

Isimiso senkantolo siklanyelwe ukufinyelela, kodwa kunemingcele esebenzayo. Izindleko zenkantolo, izindleko zokuqondisa inkantolo, nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingakwenza kube nzima ngabantu ukuba basebenzise inqubo. Izinkantolo eziningi zinikeza izikhungo zokuzisiza, izikhokhelo zokukhokhela abantu abahlawulwa imali ephansi, nemitholampilo yamahhala. Ukwazi ukuthi iziphi lezi zindawo kubalulekile.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamalungelo akho lapho usebenzelana nesimiso senkantolo, hlola i- American Bar Association's process yokufundisa umphakathi[.

Amaqiniso Ayinhloko Okumelwe Akhunjulwe

Ngamafuphi, nawa amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu izakhamuzi okufanele zazi ngesimiso senkantolo:

  • Isimiso senkantolo sihlukaniswa sibe amazinga kahulumeni nombuso. izinkantolo zeFederal ziphatha imithetho yesizwe nezindaba zamazwe; izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha amacala amaningi ansuku zonke.
  • Ama-Case alandela inqubo ejwayelekile. Kusukela ekutholeni, ekuququzeleni, ekwahluleleni, nasekudluliseleni, isiteji ngasinye sinemithetho eqondile nezinsuku ezimisiwe.
  • [ AmaCitaze anamalungelo acacile nemithwalo yemfanelo. Le zihlanganisa ilungelo kummeli, ilungelo lokuqulwa ngokulunga, nomsebenzi wokusebenza emajajini lapho ebizwa.
  • Imicimbi yecala ithinta ukuphila kwakho ngokuqondile. kusukela kumathikithi omgwaqo kuya ezimpikiswaneni zomkhaya kuya ezinqikanweni zobugebengu, izinkantolo zixazulula izingxabano ezithinta imali yakho, inkululeko, nekusasa.
  • [ Imithombo yemali ikhona. Usizo olusemthethweni olukhululekile noma oluphansi lukhona kuzo zonke izimo ngezinhlangano zosizo olungokomthetho, izikhungo zosizo lwazo, kanye nezinkonzo zenhlangano yebhau.
  • Ukuqonda lesi simiso kunciphisa ingozi. Ukwazi indlela izinkantolo ezisebenza ngayo kukusiza ukuba ugweme amaphutha, ufeze izikhawu ezimisiwe, futhi wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Nesimiso Senkantolo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufunda ngokuqhubekayo noma usabela esimweni esingokomthetho, thatha lezi zinyathelo eziwusizo ukuze uvikele izithakazelo zakho.

Yazi Inkantolo Yakini Yasendaweni

Thola ukuthi yiyiphi inkantolo ephethe indawo yakho. Funda ukuthi ikhokhandlu lenkantolo lisebenza kuphi, lisebenza amahora angakanani, futhi lisebenza luhlobo luni lwamacala eliwasingathayo. Izinkantolo eziningi zinebhukwana elinezakhi, izimiso zemali, neziqondiso zeze-proced.

Gcina Izingqwembe

Uma uhilelekile kunoma iyiphi indaba engokomthetho, gcina amarekhodi aphelele. Gcina amakhophi azo zonke izincwadi ezigcinwe enkantolo, iposi nabameli noma amaqembu aphikisanayo, nokuphawula ngezingxoxo noma izenzakalo. Amarekhodi amahle angaxazululwa empikiswaneni.

Funa Iseluleko Esingokomthetho Kusenesikhathi

Ngisho nokuxoxa nommeli kafushane kungacacisa ongakwenza ukhethe futhi kuvimbele amaphutha abizayo. Kulabo abangakwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho nezinhlelo zomthetho ze-bono zikhona kuzo zonke izifundazwe.

Ukusabela Ngokushesha Emaphusheni Enkantolo

Uma uthola isaziso, i-subpoena, noma enye incwadi yenkantolo, sabela ngokushesha. Izinsuku ezifinyelelwe zingaphumela ekwahlulelweni okungahleliwe, inhlawulo, noma imvume yokubopha. Ukungasinaki isaziso senkantolo akuyiqedi inkinga; kwenza ukuba ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Qonda Enye Impikiswano

Akuzona zonke izimpikiswano okumelwe ziye enkantolo. Ukuquliswa nokugwetshwa ngokuvamile kushesha, kuncishisiwe, futhi akucindezeli kunecala lenkantolo. Izinkantolo eziningi zifuna amaqembu ukuba azame ukuveza icala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Ukuqonda lezi ezinye izindlela kungalondoloza isikhathi nemali kuyilapho kusafinyelela isinqumo esilungile.

Imibono Evamile Enganembile Ngesimiso Senkantolo

Ukuxazulula ukungaqondi kukusiza ukuba ubhekane nalesi simiso ngamathemba angokoqobo.

Ukufihla: Udinga ummeli kuzo zonke izindaba. Nakuba ukumelelwa komthetho kuhlakaniphile ezindabeni ezingathi sína, ukumangalelwa okuningi okuncane nokuqulwa kwezimoto kungasingathwa ngaphandle kommeli. Izinkantolo zivame ukunikeza abantu imithombo yosizo lwabo siqu.

Ukufakwa kwe-Misc: Isimiso senkantolo sicwasa abantu ngabanye. Njenganoma isiphi isimiso sabantu, isimiso senkantolo sinamaphutha. Nokho, siklanywe ngezindlela eziningi zokuvikela, kuhlanganise nezikhalo, imithetho yezimiso zokwahlulela, kanye nokuqondisa, ukuthuthukisa ukulunga nokungakhethi.

Ukuzifihla: Ukumangalela kushesha futhi kulula. Eqinisweni, ukucathula kuthatha isikhathi futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Icala lingathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuxazulula, futhi lenqubo idinga umzamo omkhulu kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukukhomba nge-Misc: Amacala amakhulu kuphela ayiswa enkantolo. Izinkantolo zisingatha izinkulungwane zamacala amancane nsuku zonke, kuhlanganise nokuphazanyiswa kwezimoto, izimpikiswano zomninindlu, nokusho okuncane. Lamacala athinta abantu abavamile futhi ayingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso.

Indlela Inqubo Yenkantolo Eshintshayo

Inkantolo ayimi ndawonye. Ishintsha ngomthetho, izinqumo zokwahlulela, nezinguquko zezenhlalo. Izimo zamuva zihlanganisa ukwanda kwezinkantolo ezikhethekile (njengezinkantolo zezidakamizwa nezinkantolo ezingomakad ’ ebona), ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kobuchwepheshe ekuqulweni kwecala okukude, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngokugwetshwa kwenguquko nokufinyelela ebulungisani. Ukuhlala wazi lezinguquko kukusiza ukuba uqonde isimiso njengoba sikhona namuhla.

Ukuze kushicilelwe izinguquko ezihlelweni zenkantolo kanye nezinyathelo, U.S. Courts transfer transfer percentage inikeza ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngezenzakalo zenkantolo kahulumeni.

Isiphetho

Isimiso senkantolo siyinhlangano eyisisekelo ethinta isakhamuzi ngasinye. Kusukela ekwakheni izinkantolo zikahulumeni nohulumeni kuya emalungelweni akhethekile owamukelayo njengeqembu noma umthathi-mtheli, ulwazi luyithuluzi lakho elingcono kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi amacala aqhubeka kanjani, ukuthi iyini imithwalo yakho yemfanelo, nokuthi kuphi ukuthola usizo okunika amandla okuhlanganyela nesimiso ngokuphumelelayo. Noma ufeza umsebenzi wakho womphakathi ejajini, ukuxazulula impikiswano, noma umane ufunde njengesakhamuzi esinesibopho, amaqiniso kulendaba akunikeza isisekelo esiqinile. Isimiso senkantolo sikhona ukuze usebenzise ubulungisa, futhi umphakathi ofundile ubalulekile kulowo msebenzi.