Ukuthembela kuhulumeni kuye kwancipha kakhulu ngokomlando wentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Izakhamuzi zifuna ukuba izinhlangano zazo zomphakathi zisebenze ngokungafihli lutho nangomthwalo wemfanelo, zishukunyiswa ukuqaphela okukhulayo ukuthi ukubusa okungazenzisi ngokuvamile kuholela ekunganeliseki, ekukhohlakaleni, nasekulahlekeni. Ukubheka phambili nokulandisa akuyona nje imingcele eqinile, izimiso zesisekelo ezenza ukuba idemokrase enempilo, isebenze. Uma ohulumeni bamukela lezimiso, bakha inqoloba lokuthemba lomphakathi elikwazi ukubhekana nesibopho sokubhekana nezokuthuthukisa imingcele yezakhamuzi zesikhathi eside. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ukubonakala nokulandisa nokulandisa okungaqinisa ngayo ukwethemba kukahulumeni, ukudwebela ezibonelweni zangempela zezwe, ukucwaninga kwamanje, nezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokuguqula inguquko.

Ukubaluleka Kokubona Imibala Ngokugqamile Kuhulumeni

I-Transparency ibhekisela ekukhululekeni kwezinqubo zikahulumeni, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokwaziswa. Kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izakhamuzi ukwaziswa okufike ngesikhathi, okufinyelelekayo, nokuqondakalayo ngokuphathelene nezenzo zikahulumeni, izinqubo, nezindleko. Uma ohulumeni beveza ngokusobala, bakhuthaza isimo sokuthembana, ukubambisana, nokuhloniphana nabantu abahlangene nabo. Ukubona ngokukhululekile akusona isiphelo ngokwako kodwa kuyindlela yokunika izakhamuzi amandla okwenza ukuba abaholi bazo baphendule futhi bahlanganyele ngokunenjongo ekuphileni kwentando yeningi.

Ukuthuthukisa Izakhamuzi Ezinolwazi Oluningi

Imvume yokwaziswa yindawo yokuthola ulwazi edinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhamuzi. Uma izakhamuzi zingabona ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani. Ngokusibonelo, [uhlelo lokuhlela] lwezinguquko ezihlelwayo . zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukungenela inqubo yentando yeningi. Ohulumeni ababonisayo bakhipha amabhukwana agcwele emali, amadrafti emithetho, nemizuzu yemihlangano, ivumela abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuba bahlaziye izinqubo zomthetho kanye nezinguquko. Isibonelo, [[FLT:] i-International Bactaber Officeship[[[[[FLM]] isebenza nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke ukusakaza izinhlelo zemali zezakhamuzi, okwenza abantu abavamile baqonde ukuthi imali ihambaphi. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi lapho betshelwa, ngokunokwenzeka bakhona, emahholo, futhi bahlanganyela ekuxoxeni komphakathi. I-Transpareational dirency izakhamuzi emhlabeni wonke, isilinganiso seze-mistmodentime, futhi benza isilinganiso sezindawo zokudlala nokudlala.

Ukulandisa Okukhuthazayo Phakathi Kwezikhulu Zomphakathi

Ukubona izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi ngenxa yokuthi kususa imfihlo yokufihla lokho ukuxhashazwa okungafihlakala ngayo. Uma izinqubo zikahulumeni zivuleke zihlolwe yimithombo yezindaba, izinhlangano ezigadile, nomphakathi, izikhulu ziyaqaphela ukuthi izenzo zazo ziyaqashelwa. Lokhu “kungaqondi” kuye kwabhalwa kahle ekucwaningeni ngobuqili. Ngokwesibonelo, ulwazi oluningi oluvuzayo olwaziwayo njengePanama Papers (206) nePandora Papers (2021) zadalula indlela izikhulu nezikhulu ezisetshenziswa ngayo ekufihleni impahla. U-Authomot . [OF.] [0] [0] Umthetho olandelayo u-Forrulaye waholela ekulungiseni inguquko, ebonisa amandla okuveza ukuphakama kokulandisa. Isivikelo esikhuthayo sithuthukisa futhi ukubonakala phakathi kwemithetho ekhuthakazelayo ukuze ingabi nakwe. I-A A A A Acrectives (F.) [etootences] noma u-F.[0] Kanye i-F.[0] njalo ukuthi isilinganiso sinye isilinganiso esi

Ukunciphisa Ukonakala Nokusebenzisa Kabi Amandla

Inkohlakalo ichuma kakhulu ezithunzini. Uma izinqubo zokuthola imali zifiphele, izivumelwano zinganikezwa ama-cronesia. Uma izimali zomkhankaso zifihliwe, izinqubo zingabanjwa ngezithakazelo ezikhethekile. Ukubona bhakazisa lokhu kushukumisa ngokunikeza izinqumo zomphakathi. Ukuvula amanyathelo, njengaye Ukuvula i-Contractivepartivation [[[[FL:1]], kudinga ohulumeni ukuba banyathelise imininingwane egcwele yemithetho, bakhokhe, bafake, futhi bakhokhe izivumelwano kulayini yomphakathi. Emazweni anjenge-Ukraine naseColombia, lezinguquko ziye zanciphisa izindleko zemali nokuncitshiswa kwamathuba okufumbathiswa. Ngokunjalo, ukubhalisa umphakathi izimvume zokuzimo ezizuzisayo ngenzuzo zemali kanye nenkokhiso yomphakathi, ngokufaka inzuzo yezindawo ze-ompempempere, ngokunciphiswa kwemiya ezindaweni ze-orrensitive. Ngokusebenzisa intententententente yezindawo zezindawo zezizwe ezingcono.

Indima Yokulandisa Kuhulumeni

Ukulandisa kuyisibopho sezikhulu zikahulumeni nezinhlangano zokubika ngemisebenzi yazo, ukwamukela umthwalo wemfanelo ngezenzo zazo, futhi udalule imiphumela yezinqumo zazo. Nakuba kunikeza ukubonakala kokwaziswa, ukulandisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi kunemiphumela elungile nengakhiyo, okusekelwe kulokhu kwaziswa. Lesimiso sibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukwethenjwa komphakathi nasekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ohulumeni bafeza izibopho zabo ngokuphumelelayo nangezimiso.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwengcebo Ngokucophelela

Izimali zomphakathi zingalezo zabantu, futhi kudinga ukulandisa okukhulu. Uma izikhulu ziqaphela ukuthi ziyobekwa icala ngokusetshenziswa kwazo . Ngokuhlola, ukuqondisa umthetho, noma ukuphatha izigxobo zomphakathi, zisengozini kakhulu ukunikezela izimali ngokuhlakanipha futhi zigweme imisebenzi engasasebenzi. Ukuhlela izimali ezisekelwe emsebenzini, lapho izinhlangano kumelwe zithethelele zonke ngemiphumela enzima, kungelinye ithuluzi elizothuthukisa ukulandisa kwazo. E-New Zealand, izimali [i-TREURY] [ zikhipha imibiko yemali ebanzi futhi zifuna ukukhokha imali esobala. Uma zikhokhiswa ngokukhokhwa kwemali, ngokufanayo, [i-FLD:2] izimali nezinhlangano ze-World’sbown [FFFM], iqoqo lemali enikezwayokunikeza ngayo usizo lwezentengoso yomphakathi.

Ukuqinisa Ukuthembela Komphakathi Kuhulumeni

Ukuthembana ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni kuyinto enciphileyo, elahleka kalula futhi yakhiwa kabusha. Izinqubo zokulandisa ezinjengezigebengu ezizimele, amahhovisi omthetho, kanye namakomiti omqondisi wemithetho zitshela izakhamuzi ukuthi akekho umuntu ongaphezulu komthetho. Uma izikhulu zomphakathi ziphenywa, zihlolwa, noma ziqulwa ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi, zibonisa ukuthi isimiso somthetho siyasebenza. Lo mbono wokulunga komthetho (jectalcuralgation) uhlanganisa ukuqaphela okuhle nemiphumela yokusebenza okuhle. Uma nje izinhlangano ziphumelela impumelelo yenkonzo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OECD kuthola njalo ukuthi abantu abakholelwa kuhulumeni wabo banikezwa umbiko ophakeme wethemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandisa akuyona nje impumelelo engokomthetho; futhi uhlanganisa ukuqaphela okuhle nokuphumelela. Uma izinhlangano noma izinhlangano zifeza ukuphumelela kwempumelelo ekwabelaneni, izikhulu zikahulumeni zingahlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukukhokha izikhulu zezelele ekulungiseni izikhulu zezemthetho.

Ukulungisa Izinyathelo Ezidingekayo

Awukho uhulumeni ophelele, kodwa uhulumeni onobufakazi obunezindlela zokuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha. Ukuhlola, ukuhlola umsebenzi, nokukhipha izigwebo zezakhamuzi kuvumela intuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlelwa kwemali yokuhlukanisa imali .Nxaya, lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ngokuqondile ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani ingxenye yohlelo lwemali lukamasipala, futhi zinquma ukuthi zingaba kanjani i-authority eyakhelwe ukulandisa ngoba umphakathi ubona uma izinto zawo eziza kuqala zikhona. E-Porto Alegree, eBrazil, le nqubo iye yanconywa ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezimpofu nokunciphisana kwenkohlakalo. Izinhlangano ze-Adminication, njenge-U. i-Accomplication Office noma i-Accouragetery noma i-Punitor General alverneverneral iveza ukuthi ngokuvamile inguquko noma ukulahlekelwa kwemali ekhona kuphela kodwa futhi i-kenziwayo.

Izibonelo Zokuba Nzima Nokulandisa Kuyasebenza

Emhlabeni wonke, izinhlelo eziningi zibonisa indlela lezi zimiso ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukwethembana.

Izinyathelo Ezivulekile Zokwaziswa

Izimiso zokwaziswa ezivulekile zidinga ukuba ohulumeni bafake izinhlelo zezimiso ezihambelanayo ezihlokweni eziningi . kusukela ekunakekeleni impilo kuphumele ezingozini zezimoto ukuya emazingeni okungcola ("in formatography metact.] Ikhabethe Lokwaziswa lingumzamo obambisana wamazwe angaphezu kuka-40 ukuba athathe izimiso ezivamile. Kuyi United Kingdom, [FLD]data. uk[FLT].[FLT]] [[FLT]] unikeza izinkulungwane zemininingwane ekhasimendeni ukuthi intatheli, abacwaningi, nabathuthukisi, basebenzisa ukuvikela uhulumeni ukuba kube nokulandisa. Okuphawulekayo kwakuyimpumelelo ekwakhishweni kwezifo zasesibhedlela, okwaholela ekukhaleni komsindo we-MSR. Izenzo ezisathuthukayo, imicimbi ezindaweni ezisathuthukayo ezisezweni ezisemhlabeni zonke zezindawo ezingcono kakhulu, kodwa izibonelo ezingcono kakhulu, kodwa izibonelelo zezindawo zezindawo ezingcono kakhulu zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo ezingcono, kodwa zikhona, kodwa zikhona

Ukubika Ngomshini Womphakathi

Imibiko yaminyaka yonke, imibiko yokuhlola izimali, nezingcabo zezincwadi zinikeza ukubonakala okuhlelwe kahle. I-Open Government Prineship (OGP), isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo esibanzi esiqanjwa ngo-20, ifuna amazwe angamalungu ukuba enze izinhlelo ezihlangene ezihlanganisa izibopho zokubika obala. I-Indonesia ikhipha imibiko ka-iikwethulo yemali yezwe, ivumela izakhamuzi nezikhulu zephalamente ukuba ziqaphele ukuchitha isikhathi sangempela. Ngokufanayo, uHulumeni waseMexico ukuvumela noma ubani ukuba afune iholo lanoma izisebenzi zomphakathi, izindleko zokuhamba, nezivumelwano zokuthola imali. Nakuba abagxeki bephikisana ngokuthi ukucaca okunjalo kungaholela “esenzeni" esinqumweni, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi lapho umnyango wezwe lonke ukungenisa ulwazi oluningi, ukwandisa ulwazi olunikezwa ngokusebenza ngohulumeni onikezwa ngokuzwakalayo. [kuyi-Fodman, umbiko ogcwele umbiko omphakathi womphakathi owembukwandile, umbiko owenyulwayo. [unyunyunyulwayo:] [unyunyuko]

Amakomiti Okuqondisa Izakhamuzi

Izakhamuzi ezihileleke ngokuqondile ekubuseni zidlulela ngalé kokhetho. Amakomiti aqondisayo akhiwa amalungu angewona ohulumeni angabukeza uhlelo lwezimali, ahlole imisebenzi yomphakathi, futhi akhuthaze izinguquko zenqubo. Isibonelo esidume kakhulu yinqubo yokusebenzisa imali ekhona ePorto Alegre, eBrazil, eyaqala ngo 1989 futhi kusukela iqaliswe ngamadolobha angaphezu kuka-1 500 emhlabeni wonke. Abahleli bavota izinto eziza kuqala, futhi bahlola ukukhishwa kwezinhlelo. ECanada, amakomiti ahlola ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yamaphoyisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kusiza ukugcina ukufaneleka phakathi kokuqashelwa komthetho. Ngokufanayo, i-Karean-Creast namalungelo omphakathi embusweni womphakathi. [[FOLT:1] ahlanganisa abameleli benze izinqumo zawo. Lezi zinqubo zokuzishintsha ububanzi (ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuqondisa umthetho) ngokusebenza kwezenziwa kwezindawo zemisebenzi yohulumeni, izikhulu ezizezelele ngenxa yemisebenzi yohulumeni.[FOct: 1]

Izinselele Zokubona Ingaphandle Nokulandisa

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ukuvumela izinguquko ezisobala nokuziphendulela kunezithiyo.

Ukumelana Nezikhulu Zikahulumeni

Izikhulu eziningi zesaba ukucusumbulwa, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi zinokuthile okufanele zifihle noma ngenxa yokuthi zikhathazekile ngokuthi ukubonakala ngokukhululekile kuzonciphisa ukwenza izinqumo futhi kuzenze zibe yizisulu zokuhlasela kwezombangazwe. Ukumelana kwe-burecracy kungathatha uhlobo lwe-interia ephezulu, ukwenqaba ngokuqondile ukuveza ukwaziswa, noma “inkundla yemidlalo yemidlalo yeshashala”" ukufihla ukwaziswa okungaphelele, okuphelelwe yisikhathi, noma okudidayo ngamabomu. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ohulumeni basakaza ama-data kumaPDCPC kunokuba bavule amafomu ayinkimbinkimbi, benza ukuba kungabi nakwenzeka. Bangase futhi bathi“ ukulondeka okungokomhlaba noma “ukuqonda okunga” ukuvimbela ukwaziswa okumelwe kube obala. Lokhu kudinga ukuba kube khona obala. Ukwenqaba lokhu kudinga, ngokuvamile, ezingenisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zobuholi noma umongameli wekhulu. Uma uhulumeni enziswa umphakathi uhulumeni uveza ukuvuleka komthetho ombuso, bangakuveza ukuthi uhulumeni ungakuveza ukugculisa isikhathi esiphezulu.

Ukuntuleka Kwemithombo Yengcebo Ukuze Isetshenziswe

Ukubonana bhakabha nezokulandisa akukhululekile. Abaqali bezindawo zokuhlala, abaqeqeshi, abahlola izimali, kanye nezakhamuzi ezihlanganyelayo badinga izimali nobuchwepheshe. Izinhlangano eziningi ezifikayo zilwa kanzima ukuze zikwazi ukuthenga izimiso eziqinile, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izinto eziphuthumayo (ukunakekela, imfundo, izakhiwo zemvelo) zincintisana nemithombo enzima. Abanikelayo bomhlaba wonke ngokuvamile baxhasa imisebenzi kahulumeni evulekile, kodwa ukusekela okuqhubekayo kuhlala kuyinselele uma ukusekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingantula izisebenzi ezidinga amakhono okulawula amathengitha emininingwane evulekile noma ukuhlaziya umsebenzi. Imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe ingaholela ekutholeni i-glichtoptton platting, inciphe ukuthembeka kwemizamo yokubona. Ukulungisa izinhlelo zokulungisa izakhiwo kuhlanganisa ukusekela izakhiwo zezakhiwo zezakhiwo zezakhiwo.

Ukunganaki Nokwehluleka Komphakathi

Ukubona gcakundlela kusebenza kuphela uma izakhamuzi zisebenzisa ukwaziswa. Nokho abantu abaningi bazizwa bematasa kakhulu, bekhungathekile, noma bedumele ukuba bangene. Ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ukuqapha, nokungathembani kukahulumeni kungaholela ekunganakwa. Ngisho noma imniningo ikhona, ingaba iklanyeka kakhulu noma imbobo yokuhlola ama-webhusayithi angaqondakali. Umphumela uba “ukuxaka okungaqondakali”: ulwazi oluningi lukhona kunanini ngaphambili, kodwa lumbalwa izakhamuzi ezingenekayo noma zithathe isinyathelo kuyo. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu, ohulumeni kumelwe bafake ekuxhumaneni kwezakhamuzi-ibanga zindawo ezifinyeni kwezakhamuzi, izihloko ezilulaza-inumfundazo, izinkcaza ze-inumfashicio ze-inum, nezingcingo zobungane ezihamba-mabhabhabhabhayo. Imikhumbi yomphakathi nezokuxhumana zingasiza ekutholeni ulwazi lwazo lwansuku zonke. Izindawo ezisemuva kudinga ukuhlangana kwazo.

Izinqubo Zokwenza Ukubonana Nokulandisa

Ukwakha isiko lokuveza imizwa ekhululekile nomthwalo wemfanelo kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo, namasu alandelayo atholakala emikhubeni engcono kakhulu embulungeni yonke futhi aklanyelwe ukudala intuthuko ephawulekayo ekwethembeni kukahulumeni.

Ukusebenzisa Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Izikhulu

Izisebenzi zomphakathi akumelwe ziqonde kuphela izimfuneko ezingokomthetho zokukhanya kodwa futhi nezinzuzo ezisebenzayo. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zihlanganise ukulawulwa kokwaziswa, inkululeko yokulalela ukwaziswa, ukuziphatha, nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni wasePhilippines, ngezifundo zawo [izikhulu] zifeza umnyango we-Hlawulo noBusi bezezimali , zinikeza izitsha zokuhlola ukubonakala obala ekusebenziseni komphakathi. I-OECD itusa ukuhlanganisa ukubonakala nokulandisa nokulandisa ezimisweni eziyinhloko zenkonzo yomphakathi. Uma izikhulu zihlonyiswe ngamakhono okusabela ngokushesha ezimfuno zolwazi, azivamile ukubheka ukubonakala njengethuluzi lokubusa okungcono.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ukuze Kuxoxiswe Kangcono

Ubuchwepheshe buyi-arhente yokubonana ngesilinganiso. I-matheku e-Comptoller General isebenzisa imishini yokuhlola ulwazi, ama-apples, nama-meter awezokuxhumana kungasakaza ulwazi olubanzi futhi kungashibhile. Nokho, ohulumeni bangasebenzisa i-Al ukuhlaziya amabhukwana emali, ukuqapha, nokukhohlisa okungavela. I-Stockhouse Office of the Comptoller General isebenzisa imishini yokufunda ukuhlaziya ukuthengwa kwemininingwane nokuhlukanisa izivumelwano eziphezulu zokuhlola. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ngokucatshaza, kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela kwabantu abakhubazekile nabangakhomba i-inthanethi. Izimiso ze-intanethi zenza izinhlelo zomphakathi zikwazi ukuhlola ulwazi lwe-mabhandel-mende, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude. I-techterstingsting i-mediagnotective i-media i-movesting i-traption i-traption i-traption. I-tradiography i-tradiography.

Izakhamuzi Ezikhuthazayo Ezihileleke Ekubuseni

Ukuthatha indawo ngalé kwelungiselelo lokwaziswa lokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kujulisa ukwethembana. Ukuhlanganisa imali yokuhlela, amajaji, ukuhlola, nokuvula amahholo edolobha kuvumela abantu ukuba bahlele izinqumo ngokuqondile. ETaiwan, i- Heaven.gov.tv iqonga livumela izakhamuzi ukuba zifune ukuhloba nokuphawula ngezindlela ezimisiwe, nohulumeni odingeka ukuba aphendule izicelo ezifinyelela emnyango. Lesibonelo siye sandisa ukwethenjwa nokwaziswa komphakathi. Ngokufanayo, e-Ireland, ingqungquthela yezakhamuzi ezikhethiwe ngokukhishwa kwesisu yaholela ephepheni yencwadi, ukwandisa ilungelo elicatshangelwayo lomphumela olandelayo. Uma izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi izindaba zazo kanye nokufakwa kwazo kunezinguquko ezingenisweni, cishe ziyakwazi ukuthemba futhi ziphinde zihlanganyele ezinhlanganweni zezindawo zikahulumeni.

Isiphetho

Ukubona ngaphaya komthetho nokuziphendulela akunakunezelwa ngokunenzuzo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi, yizo eziwumoya - mpilo. Banikeza izakhamuzi ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze zikwazi ukulandisa futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izikhulu ziyoziphendulela ngezenzo zazo. Ubufakazi bucacile: ohulumeni abafaka imali kulezimiso bajabulela amazinga aphezulu emali yokwethenjwa umphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwengcebo, kanye nezinhlangano eziqinile. Nokho, indlela yokuya ekuvulekeni ingezona izithiyo: ukumelana, ukumelana nemali, nokunganaki komphakathi konke kusongela intuthuko. Ukunqoba lezi zinselele kudinga ukuhlanganisa intando yezombangazwe, ukusungula izinto zesayensi yemvelo, nokuthembisana okuqotho nezakhamuzi. Ikusasa likahulumeni alixhomekile ezithembisweni ezingenanjongo, kodwa ezimisweni ezisobala nasekuziphatheni kokuziphatha okushintshayo. Njengoba izakhamuzi ziqhubeka, kumelwe zinikeze izivumelwano eziningi, kodwa njengoba isithembiso sokuzibophezela kwabantu ekufezekeni okungoko kwalokho kusekubantu.