Njengoba ithonya lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu likhula, igebe phakathi kwemithombo yezimali edingekayo ukuze ishintshe kanye nemali ebekweyo liyaqhubeka likhula. Amazwe athuthukayo, ngokuvamile athwala inhlekelele yesimo sezulu nakuba enikela ngokuncane kakhulu ekushiseni kwembulunga yonke, adinga izimali eziqinile, ezivunyelelwe ukusekela izakhiwo eziqinile ukuze kwakhiwe. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela ukuguquka kwemali ehlelwayo, imali ebolekwayo, kanye nemali egunyaziwe ediliniwe, futhi okumelwe ithuthukiswe ukuhlangabezana nesilinganiso senselele yale mithombo. Nokho, imishini, imithombo, kanye nokuphumelela kokusekela isimo sezulu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyashintsha. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela ukuguquka kwemali okuhlelwa ngayo, lapho imali ivela khona, futhi okumelwe kuthuthuke ukuhlangabezana nesilinganiso senselele.

Ukuqonda Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu: Ngalé Kokushintsha

Ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu kubhekisela ezenzweni ezithathwayo ukuze zivumelane nemiphumela engokoqobo noma elindelekile yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokungafani nokushintsha kwemigomo, okuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo, ukujwayela ukuncishiswa kwegesi eshisayo, ukuguquguquka kugxile ekunciphiseni ukungenwa yizimo zezulu kanye nasekuthuthukiseni izingozi zezulu ezifana nezikhukhula, isomiso, ukuphakama kolwandle, ukushisa okukhulu. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukwakha izindonga zasolwandle, ukusungulwa kwezimiso zokulwa kwempi, ukushintshela ezingeni lokushisa isomiso, nokulungisa ukwakheka kwendawo. Ukuguquguqula isimo kungoko kungoko: umphakathi woguduko eBangladesh kudinga ukungenela kokubambisana kwezokufu e-Saharan. Ukusebenza kokusekela izimali kuxhomeke ekutheni kuhambelana kahle ezitshalweni kwezinto zendawo, ukubusa kwezakhiwo, ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo, nokuhlelwa kwezesayensi.

Ngokwe- Uhlelo lwe-United Nations Environment Programme, igebe lezezimali eliguquguqukayo lilinganiselwa ku-R149-366 000 000 000 ngonyaka, kuyilapho ukugelezela kwangempela emazweni asathuthuka kuyingxenyana yalokho kudinga. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle, ikakhulukazi ngosizo olungokomthetho oluthuthukisayo (ODA), izama ukuvala leligebe, kodwa inselele ayikona nje ukunyusela imali eningi kakhulu, kodwa ingenzeki ukuyidlulisa ngokuphumelelayo nangokulinganayo.

Indima Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Ekuzivumelaniseni Nesimo Sezulu

Usizo lwangaphandle lunikeza umgogodla wezimali emikhankasweni eminingi yokuzivumelanisa namazwe angenayo.

  • Usizo lwe-Biteradal: ludlulisa ngokuqondile kuhulumeni abanikelayo emazweni abamukelayo, ngokuvamile ngezinhlangano zezentuthuko ezinjenge-USAID, i-UK Foreign, i-Commonwealth & iHhovisi Lentuthuko (FCDO), ne-International Compation Agency (JA) ye-Japan.
  • [ Usizo lwe-Multialidal: iminikelo ekhishwe ngezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njenge World Bank, i-United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), kanye namabhange entuthuko yezifunda.

Ukuvumelana nokusekela imali ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe akuyona into engekho lutho. Abanikazi badinga kakhulu ukuba imisebenzi ihlangabezane nezilinganiso eziqondile: ukuvumelana namalungiselelo ezwe okuzivumelanisa ne-(NAP), ubufakazi bokungavumelani kwesimo sezulu, nokuhlanganiswa kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukulandisa kodwa futhi kunganciphisa ukudilizwa nomthwalo owenziwe izinhlangano zendawo.

Indlela Imikhondo Yosizo Yakwamanye Amazwe Eshintsha Ngayo

I-ODA iyaqhubeka ikhona, kodwa izindlela eziqondene nesimo sezulu zivele. Greentical Climate Fund (GQF)[FLF], emiswe ngaphansi kwe-UNFCCCC, iyimali enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni enikezelwe, enegunya lokunikezela 50% yemithombo yayo yemali ukuze ikwazi ukuvumelana nayo. Ngokufanayo, I-Mbali yemo Yezulu (GEFF) ilawula i-LProted Develoded Countsmentmentment Nationals Fund (LDCF) kanye ne-CFF ekhethekile yenkambiso yezentengiselwano yezemisebenzi. Le mali isebenza ngaphansi kwemiklaniso yemisebenzi: iziphakathiwe, ezilinganiswa yi-mali eqoqwe yi-enjini.[FTF] kuyilapho le nqubo iqinisekisa inqubo ethatha iminyaka emithathu.[3]

Izinqubo ezintsha zihlanganisa i-programatic (ukusekela iminyaka ethatha indawo yokuqala) kanye devolved ngokwezimali [[ (isebenzisa imali ngokuqondile kuhulumeni bendawo nezinhlangano zomphakathi). Ngokwesibonelo, i-Adaption Fund ye- ekhethekile, ivumela amazwe asathuthuka ukuba alawule imisebenzi ngaphandle kwemikhakha, ukunciphisa izindleko zemali nokwakha.

Imithombo Enkulu Yemizwa Yesimo Sezulu

Izimali Zesimo Sezulu Eziningi

  • Oluhlaza okweNgxowa-mali yesimo sezulu (GCF)[[FT:1]]: Kusukela ngo-2024, i-GCF iye yagunyaza izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R3 eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi emazweni angaphezu kuka-120, nemisebenzi egxile ekuvikelekeni kwamanzi, ekuvikeleni kogu, nasekulimeni kwesimo sezulu. I-Readieling Programme isiza amazwe ukuba alungiselele izihlongo eziqinile.
  • Indabuko-mhlaba (GEF) – LDCF: I-LDCF ihlasela ngokukhethekile amaZwe angama-44 eLast Developed (LDCs), imisebenzi yezezimali evumelana nezimiso ze-National Actampliation Programmes of Action (NAPAS).
  • Imali yokuthola : imiswe ngaphansi kwe-Kyoto Protocol, lesi sikhwama sixhaswa ngemali nge-2% le-levy ngezikweleti zekharbon evela kwi-Cean Development Mechanim (nakuba le nzuzo yehlisiwe). Yaqala ukufinyelela ngokuqondile kanye nemisebenzi yezinga lomphakathi.

Intuthuko Yezimo Zokuthuthukisa

Amazwe angenisa izimali zokuzivumelanisa nezinhlangano zawo ze-bigatenal. I-United States, ngo-USAID, iye yafaka izigidi zezigidi ekushintsheni isimo sezulu ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-Emergency Plan for Amplitation and Resilience (PREPARE). I-International Climate Initive (IKI) yaseJalimane isekela ukuthatheka emazweni akanye nawo. I-JICA eJapane i-icive ukushintshela ezinkontisweni zeze zezemfako. Lezi zigebengu ezilandelanayo ngokuvamile zihlasela izingxenye ezithile noma amazwe akanye nawo anezibopho ezingokomlando.

Izimali Zesifunda Nezesifunda

Izinhlangano zesifunda zifeza indima. i-African Development Bank’s Climate Fund ye-Afrika ne Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCCC) inikezela imithombo yokuzivumela kwesifunda. I-GROUM Emelene nezingozi zemoyezulu[[FLT:]], iqala ngo-2022], inikeza amakhambi asekelwe kunyaka, ahlanganisa imishuwalensela yemali egunyazwe.

Umenzi Wehlelo Ozimele Nemali Ephahlwe

Ukutshala imali ngasese ekuzivumelaniseni kuhlala kulinganiselwe ngenxa yamasheya aphansi nezingozi ezinkulu. Nokho, ukusebenzisa imali yomphakathi ekungeniseni ide-risk imali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Cliatemate Bonice Initivetion [ isungule iziqinisekiso zemisebenzi yokuzivumelanisa, yenza izibopho eziluhlaza zokusekela izakhiwo eziqinile. Amabhange athuthukisa izimali (MDBB) njengebhange le World inikeza isiqinisekiso nenkongongoleko yemali ekhokhampasi ehlala yodwa ezindaweni ezinjengamagumbini okuphatha amanzi nokwakhiwa kwemozulu.

Indlela Izimali Ezishintshayo Ezihlelwa Ngayo: Inqubo Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Ukuhlelwa kwemali evumelana nemisebenzi akuyona into ezenzakalelayo.

Indima Yamasu Esizwe Okulungisa Izinkinga (I - NAP)

Ngaphansi kwe-UNFCCC, amazwe asathuthuka akhuthazwa ukuba alungise ama-NAP aphawule izenzo eziza kuqala zokuzivumelanisa. Abanikazi nezimali zesimo sezulu basebenzisa lamacebo njengesisekelo sezinqumo zezimali. Izwe eline-NAP ebanzi ye-National Applitation Plan noma i-Ghana’s Climate Paralementation Strategy/i amathuba amangcono kakhulu okukhanga i-nactive, izimali zesikhathi eside. Nokho, ama-NAP amaningi ahlala ngaphansi kwe-fusion; i-[FL:0] i-NATAP mbulunga yonke ye-net[[ ibika ukuthi i-NaP] ye-National Nepal National Apptivementation Prencytencyction Trectorated Sy edinga i-NaPS ikhona ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe.

Umjikelezo Wemisebenzi Nokuvunyelwa

Imali eningi yokuzivumelanisa nesakhiwo inikezwa ngomjikelezo wokwakha: ukuveza, ukulungiselela, ukuvunywa, ukusetshenziswa, nokuhlola. Imali ebanzi, amazwe afaka amaphuzu nezicelo eziphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-GCF idinga ukuba izicelo zihlangabezane nezimiso ezithile eziqondile zokutshala imali: ithonya elikhona, ukushintshwa kwe-paradigm, ukuthuthukisa okungaguquguquki kwe-co-benefit, kanye nobuni bendawo. Ama-propalces ahamba ngokubukeza nokwamukela ibhodi. Inqubo ilula kodwa iyacotha; [[FLD] [FLT] [EK] iphawula ukuthi isikhathi esikhona esisekelwe entweni yokuphawula ukuvuma izinyanga eziyi-18 ze-GCFFF. Uma nje ivunyelwe, ukususwa kwe-boxternetic.

Ukumiswa Kwamaqembu Anezinto Eziningi

Izakhiwo zezizwe ngezizwe − kuhlanganise neSiphakamiso 7 se-Expand ye-Paris ne-Sendai Framework(regnie) ukuthi ukuvunyelwa kwezimali kumelwe kusekele inani labantu abasengozini kakhulu: abesifazane, imiphakathi yabo, abalimi abancane, nezakhamuzi zogu lolwandle. Imisebenzi eminingi manje ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemali okusheshayo nokusetshenziswa kwemiklamo yobuntu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Adaptiation Fund’s Community-Indective Activeration (BA) programume ye-CFLT isekela ngokuqondile imiphakathi yendawo ukuba iklame futhi ikwazi ukumisa imisebenzi, iqinise ubuni kanye nokusebenza.

Izinselele Ezivimbela Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Okuphumelelayo

Naphezu kosizo oluningi, ukukwazi ukusekela imali ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo kubhekene nezithiyo eziphikelelayo.

Ukungalilingani Ngokunele Nezinto Ezinezelwe

Igebe lezezimali eligciniweyo lihlala lilikhulu. Amazwe asathuthuka athembisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 ngonyaka ngo-2020 ngaphansi kwe-UNFCCCC, kodwa lesi sisulu sahlangatshezwa ngokwengxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali eziningi ezibikwayo zesimo sezulu azizintsha futhi zikhona futhi zenzakalelane ne-ODA engase isetshenziswe kwezinye izinto eziphambili. Ukuntula ukwenezela kwentethelelo ebekelwe inteleko phakathi kwabani nabaphi besipho kanye nabamukelayo.

Ukuhlukana Nokuyinkimbinkimbi

Ngezihlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 ezinikela ngezimali eziningi, ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo zezezimali kuhlukene kakhulu. Isikhwama ngasinye sinezinqubo zaso siqu zokusisebenzisa, ukubika izimfuneko, nezindinganiso zokuzihlela. Lokhu kubeka umthwalo omkhulu wokuqondisa emazweni amukelayo, ngokuvamile antula amandla okungena nokuphatha imifula eminingi. I-Global Commission on Contractive [[FL:1]] ifuna ukufinyelela kwezinye izindlela, izwe elihambayo.

Ukulinganiswa Nokukhishwa Kwemali

Ukulinganisa ithonya lokusebenzisa imali esetshenziswayo kunzima ngokwemvelo. Ngokungafani ne-minigation . lapho ukuncitshiswa kwe-CO2 kunezinzuzo ezilinganayo(umk., ukuncipha kobunzima, ukukwazi ukumelana nengozi) kucacile futhi kuvame ukuvela emashumini eminyaka. Amadolo asebenzisa amathuluzi afana ukulinganisa iFrames kanye ne-[[FLT]] Tracking Expligitation ne-DRODULERY [TY][FLTY:3] ukusondela, kodwa ukuzuza okuvamile kuhlala kunzima. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela ethembekile, ukugcina ukusekela kwezezombangazwe nokusekela ngokwezimali kuyaqina.

Ukulinganiselwa Kokuba Ilungu Lasendaweni Nokuba Umniniyo

Imisebenzi eminingi yokuzivumelanisa nenqubo iklanywe ochwepheshe bangaphandle abanomfakela omncane ovela kubantu abafaka izimali zendawo. Lokhu kungaholela ekungeneleni okungaqondile − ngokwesibonelo, ukwakha izimiso zokunisela ngenkasa abalimi bendawo abangakwazi ukuzilondoloza. Ukubhekisa kulokhu, i- Erteration and Resilience (LAR) ithuthukisa ukuhlola komphakathi okungahambi kahle nemfundo esemthethweni. Ukunika izinhlangano zendawo kanye nokuthuthukisa ulwazi eNingizimu-South kuyagxeka.

Amathuba Okuzivumelanisa Nemali Ngokuphumelelayo

Izinselele zibalulekile, kodwa namathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha nokushintsha izinto abalulekile.

Ukushintsha Imishini

[[NTLT:0] Izishintshi ze-debt-for-cliphations ziyanakwa. Ngaphansi kwala malungiselelo, ingxenye yecala langaphandle lezwe ithethelelwe noma ibuyiselwe ngenxa yesibopho sokutshala isimo sezulu. Izikweleti ze-Seychelles---odating Faniting Factoring Camparitial [20:8] zinikeza umfuziselo, nakuba ukuguquguquka-kuyinguquko kuseyivela kancane. izibopho nezibopho nomshuwalenselo [ futhi unikeza izixazulu zengozi eziyingozi: i-Afrikanbeka i-Campactive (ARC) isebenzisa iminikelo ukuze kukhokhelwe izingozi zemvula ngemva kwenhlekelele.

Izinqubo Zokulungisa Imishini Nezokwaziswa

Ubuchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ukwabiwa nokugadwa kwenani. Imininingwane yesiphuphutheki, ukuzwa kude, kanye nezimonyo ze-AI-driven zisiza ekutholeni amachashaza ashisayo lapho ukushintshwa kwezimo ezidingekayo kakhulu. Izinkonzo zezezimali zemishini zivumela ukudluliswa okuqondile kwemali emikhayeni ethintelwe ukushayeka kwesimo sezulu. i-World Climate Resilience Information System (CRIS)[FL:1] iyisinyathelo elilodwa elithatha isinyathelo esihlanganisa ulwazi lwesikhathi esingokoqobo sokuqondisa ukuhlelwa kohlelo nenkokhelo.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezwe Okukhuliswe Kakhulu Nokutholakala Okuqondile

Kokubili i-GCF ne-Application Fund inyuse ukufinyelela okungaqondile , ivumela izinhlangano zesizwe eziqanjweyo ukuba zilawule izimali ngaphandle kokuhamba ngemidiyamu eminingi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulibala futhi kwakhe amandla endawo. Ukufinyeza kanye nokusekela kwe-Preparatical Programme [ ye-GCF kunikeza imvume yokusiza amazwe ukuba aqinise amacebo awo okufinyelela ngokuqondile.

Ukubambisana KwaseNingizimu - South neNyakatho Nolwazi

Amazwe asathuthuka ngokwawo aba yimithombo yobuchwepheshe bokuzivumelanisa nezimali. IBrazil, iChina, neNdiya anikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ngezinhlelo ze-biadateal. Ukubambisana kwaseNingizimu-Southern for Amplitation[ iqonga lisiza ukuhlanganisa imikhuba engcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela izimiso zomphakathi waseBangladesh ezisekelwe kunyakatho lokuqala lwempi eziye zashintshwa ngayo eMalawi. Le zifundo zontanga zibiza inzuzo futhi zingokwesiko.

Ukuvumelana Okuyinhloko Nokusetshenziswa Kohlelo Lwezwe Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Nakuba usizo lwangaphandle lubalulekile, ukujwayela izindlela ezithatha isikhathi eside kudinga ukuxhashazwa kwasekhaya. Ukusekela kwemali yokuhlela isimo sezulu kanye nokuphatha komphakathi kungasiza amazwe avumelane nohlelo lwawo siqu lokuhlela. I-Componetic Department Taging[ inqubo yokusebenza, esetshenziswa amazwe anjenge-Nepal ne-Bangladesh, imikhondo encishiswayo enqamule i-190, eyenza ukuba ukuphathwa nokuhlelwa okungcono kwe-NAPs.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukusebenzisa Imali Yokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

IBangladesh: Ukwakha Usizo Lwasogwini Nge - GCF

IBangladesh ingelinye lamazwe angcono kakhulu ahlala ogwini. IGCF yafakelwa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-100 [R150] kuyi- Communy Climate Change Project (CCCP), esekela amagobolondo angaphansi ayikhulu ezindaweni zogu lolwandle: ukwakha izikhungo zesishingi, ukutshala imihlume, nokunikeza ezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa. Isakhiwo sisebenzisa indlela yomphakathi yokuphatha izimali. Imiphumela yasekuqaleni ibonisa ukuncipha nokuphepha nokuphepha kokudla okuthuthukisiwe, nakuba ukunyuka kuhlala kuyinselele inselele ngenxa yokubusa i-RGBM.

I - Ethiopia: I - Programme Yezokuphepha Ekhiqizayo (PSNP)

I-PSNP yase-Ethiopia, exhaswe abantu abanikela nge-biteradal (USAID, DFID, EU) ne-World Bank, ihlanganisa isivikelo somphakathi kanye nokujwayela isimo sezulu. Inikeza imali noma ukudla emikhayeni ebhekene nokungalondeki kokudla, kuyilapho idinga ukuhlanganyela esakhiweni sempahla esisekelwe emphakathini (njengesakhiwo sokulondolozwa kwenhlabathi, ukuvunwa kwamanzi, nokukhushulwa kwezindawo. Lo hlelo luye lwafinyelela kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili futhi ludunyiswa ngokunciphisa imiphumela yesomiso samanje. Ibonisa indlela ukuguquka okungahlanganiswa ngayo phakathi kwezimiso zokuthuthukisa intuthuko.

Iziqhingi ZasePacific: Izimo Zesifunda Ezidlula EPacific

IZiqithi ezincane ezikhulayo zase-Pacific zibhekene nezinsongo ezikhona ezibangelwa ukuphakama kolwandle kanye neziphepho. i-Pacificial Resilience Faciality [PRF:1], ezisungulwa ngokusekela kweJapane, e-Australia, ne-GCF, zinikeza imali ebolekwayo yokuzivumela ukuba zishintshela phambili: izinqaba zamanzi, izinqolobane, nezibhedlela ezivikelelwe isimo sezulu. Isakhiwo sisebenzisa isiteshi sezwe esine, isiko elisekelwe kuphayiphi namanzi ukuze sinciphise izicezuzo. Inhloso yokukhuphulwa kwemali eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane ezingu-R3.

Isiphetho: Indlela Ephambili Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Usizo lwangaphandle lusabalulekile ekutholeni ukujwayela isimo sezulu emazweni asengozini kakhulu emhlabeni. Izimali zamanani amaningi, izinhlangano ze-bilatename, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zinikeza imithombo ebucayi, kodwa isimiso sikhahlazwe yimali enganele, ukuhlukana, nezindawo zokusebenza. Isithembiso se-Paris Accounting $100 000 000 000 000 (izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi) ngonyaka kanye nokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe phakathi kokulinganiselwa nokuzivumelanisa nokuzivumelanisa ) akuzange kutholakale ngokugcwele. Ukuvala igebe elizinzile lemali, iminikelo kumelwe ihloniphe izivumelwano, ukungena kwemisebe, nokungena ezweni, nokuthatha izicelo ezihambelanayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguquguquka kwezimali kumelwe kubheke ngalé kwemisebenzi. Ukuzivumelanisa okukhulu nesimo sezulu nokuhlelwa kwemali yesizwe ethuthukisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwenhloko - dolobha ngokwezimali ezihlangene, nokutshala imali ekhonzweni kokwaziswa nomphakathi kungenza wonke amaRandi aphumelele ngokwengeziwe. Njengoba i-InterCTroographic Programme on Climate Change (IPCC)[FLC] [i-FLT:1] ixwayise, yonke inxenye yezinga lokufudumala ikhuphuka iyanda izindleko. Ifasitela lokusebenza linciphisa, kodwa ngosizo olubalulekile lwakwamanye amazwe nangokubambisana kwezizwe, umhlaba ungakha ukuqina okudingeka ukuba abantu abasengozini.