Ukonakala kuhulumeni kuyindaba egcwele futhi elimaza kakhulu elulaza izinhlangano zentando yeningi, eqeda ukwethemba umphakathi, futhi ivimbela ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho. Isusa imithombo yomphakathi ezinkonzweni ezidingekile, iphazamisa izinqumo zezimiso, futhi ikhubaza ukutshala imali kwamanye amazwe nasekhaya. Iphendula ngokuthi, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubona izinto kuye kwavela njengendlela enamandla nesekelwa kakhulu yokulwa nale nkinga ngokukhuthaza ukuveza isimilo, ukulandisa, nokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Lesihloko sihlola indlela ukusungula ukubonakala ngaphandle komthetho okunganciphisa ngayo ukonakala kohulumeni, sihlola izindlela abasebenza ngazo, izibonelo zangempela zemiphumela yabo, izinselele ababhekana nazo, namasu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo.

Ukuqonda Ukonakala Nezindleko Zako Ezingokwenhlalo

Ukonakala akuyona into engekhoyo; kubonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nemiphumela yayo. Ukuklama izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokubona, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokonakala kanye nezimo eziyisisekelo ezibenza bakwazi ukuchuma. Izinqubo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukufumbathisa, ukufumbathisa, ukukhohlisa, ukukhohlisa, patronage , , futhi [FLT] i-pat , lapho izithakazelo zanga okungadingekile kuthonya khona imithetho nezimiso.

Izinhlobo Zokonakala Nethonya Lazo

  • Briblicy:[ Umnikelo, ukupha, ukwamukela, noma ukucela okuthile okuyigugu okuthonya izenzo zesikhulu somphakathi. Kuphazamisa izimakethe, kwandisa izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi, futhi kuholela ezisekelweni eziphansi.
  • Ukubiwa kwemali ebekwe ekuthembeni komuntu noma kumsebenzi womqashi wakhe. Kuhulumeni, lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi yizikhulu, ukuncisha ngokuqondile izakhamuzi izimali ezihloselwe imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, noma izisekelo zemisebenzi.
  • Ukukhetha nokukhetha: ukukhetha okunikezwa izihlobo noma abangane yilabo abasegunyeni. Lokhu kuholela ekubekeni abantu abangakufanelekeli emahhovisi omphakathi futhi kuthuthukisa isiko lokuthola amalungelo kunokuba bawafanele.
  • Fraud:[ inkohliso engalungile noma ewubugebengu ehloselwe ukuphumela empumelelweni engokwezimali noma engokwethu. Lokhu kungahluka kusukela ekukhohliseni amafaksi amaphepha okuthola kuya ekugcwaliseni amalayisensi ezivumelwano zomphakathi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhipha: Izikhulu zomphakathi zifuna inkokhelo yezakhamuzi noma amabhizinisi ezinkonzo ezinelungelo lokuzithola ngokomthetho, njengemvume noma ilayisense.

Izindleko zezentengo zinkulu. Ngokwezomnotho, kunciphisa ukwanda nokungalingani, njengoba abampofu kakhulu ngokuvamile besengozini yokufuna ukufumbathiswa noma ukushiywa ngaphandle kwezinkonzo. Ngokwezombangazwe, kuqeda ilungelo likahulumeni, kubangela ukuncishiswa komphakathi, futhi kungaphazamisa imiphakathi. NgokweWorld Bank, ukonakala kungezinye zezithiyo ezinkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko, futhi i-Transparency’s Chalceptions Index ibonisa ukuvumelana okunamandla phakathi kwenkohlakalo ephakeme nezindinganiso zokuphila eziphansi.

Isisekelo Sokubonisana Ngokunganyaniseki

Ukubona gcalulo kusebenza ngendlela elula kodwa enamandla: ukuhlola umphakathi kuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi. Uma izenzo zikahulumeni nezinqumo zibonakala futhi ziqondakala ezakhamuzini, izindleko zokuhileleka ekuziphatheni okonakele ziyanda. Lesimiso sisekelwe ezimfundisweni ze- principal-jogile[ ubuhlobo, lapho izakhamuzi (izikhulu) ziphathisa izikhulu zomphakathi amandla. Ulwazi luvumela izikhulu ukuba zenze ngokumelene nesithakazelo somphakathi. I-Transpareation inciphisa lobudrectoriary, yenza ukuba kube lulangamele nokulandisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala ngokukhululekile kusekela umthetho ngokwenza kube lula ukubona ukuphulwa komthetho nokubeka abakhohlisi icala. Kuthuthukisa futhi ukukholeka kobuqotho ngokumisa inqubo yokuthulula amahlombe. Njengoba izimpawu ze International [, ukonakala kuchuma ekusithekeni, futhi ikhambi lilula.

Imishini Ebonisa Ingaphandle Enqoba Ukonakala

Izindlela zokubona ngale zihlukene, kusukela ezimisweni ezingokomthetho kuya emamathuluzini ezobuchwepheshe. Ngezansi kunezinye zezinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu ohulumeni abangazamukela.

Izinyathelo Ezivulekile Zokwaziswa

Izindlela zokuvula ukwaziswa zihlanganisa ukwenza ukuba imininingwane kahulumeni itholakale ngokukhululekile, itholakale futhi itholakale futhi itholakale emphakathini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amabhukwana emali yokuhlela, amarekhodi, ukuthengwa kokwaziswa komphakathi, nokusetshenziswa komphakathi, kanye nemishini yokusebenza. Uma izakhamuzi nezindawo ezizimele ezingalayisha futhi zihlaziye lokhu kwaziswa, zingabona ama-omalie, i-asching translate, nezincazelo ezifunwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uvula i-Contractivepartive interration [ ikhuthaza ukwaziswa okuvulekileyo ekuthengeni impahla yomphakathi, indawo esengozini kakhulu yokukhohlakala, ngokusakaza zonke izigaba zenqubo yokuthola imvume, nokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi.

Ukufinyelela Imithetho Yolwazi

Imvume yokwaziswa (ATI) imithetho, eyaziwa nangokuthi inkululeko yokwaziswa, inikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokucela nokwamukela ukwaziswa ezibuthweni zikahulumeni. Lemithetho ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukubonakala ngaphandle ngenxa yokuguqula umthwalo wokulunga: izikhulu kumelwe zichaze ukuthi kungani ukwaziswa kufanele kugodlwe, kunokuba izakhamuzi zithethelele ukuthi kungani zikudinga. Amazwe angaphezu kuka- 130 aye athatha uhlobo oluthile lomthetho we-ATI, futhi ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ahambisana namazinga aphansi okonakala uma esetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Imishini Ekhipha Ugesi Ivikela Imishini

Abavuthuzi ngokuvamile bayindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ekonakalani, kodwa babhekene nezingozi ezinkulu zomuntu siqu nezezobuchwepheshe. Imithetho yokuvikela eqinile yokudubula ikhwela, isivikelo ekuphindiseleni, nemivuzo yokubika (h ukukhuthaza izinsimbi ukuba zidalule ububi. [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] isungule izimiso zokuqondisa ohulumeni ekusunguleni iziteshi ezilondekile zokubika.

Izimiso Zokumemezela Ezihlelwe Kancane

Ukwambulwa komphakathi kwezinto, inzuzo, nezikweleti zezikhulu zomphakathi kusiza ekuboneni ukucetshiswa okungekho emthethweni nezingxabano zesithakazelo. Uma kuhlangene nezinqubo eziqinisekileyo nokugcinwa kwemali, izimemezelo zempahla zidala isithiyo esinamandla. Amazwe anjenge Georgia[[[FL:1] kanye ne[FLT]ARGETINA[[]

Ukuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzini Nokuhlanganyela Ekuhleleni Uhlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Ukubona ngale akukhona nje ukunikeza ukwaziswa; futhi kungokokwenza isakhamuzi sikwazi ukuhlanganyela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuhlela imali kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinqume ngokuqondile ukuthi ziyoyini ingxenye yezimali zomphakathi. Lenqubo yandisa ukubonakala nokulandisa ngokwenza uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali lube nokubona kahle futhi luphendulela ekwakheni izakhiwo kuqala. Imihlangano yasedolobheni, ukuxoxa nomphakathi, kanye namakomiti aqondisa ingenye izindlela zokuhilela umphakathi ezinqumweni zokubusa.

Icebo le-E- org kunye nezinkonzo zezenombolo

Ukuhlelwa kwezezinkonzo zomphakathi kunciphisa amathuba okonakala ngokunciphisa ukuxhumana kobuso nobuso, izinqubo zokuzisebenzela, nokugcina indlela yokuhlola. I-E-projecting qualing, i-pagratime yentela ku-inthanethi, kanye nezimiso zemvume yamanani zidala indawo ekhanyayo, esekelwe kumthetho okunzima ukuyilawula. Ukuhlolwa kweZizwe Ezihlangene E-Goverment[ ngokuqhubekayo bathola ukuthi amazwe anezikhombo ezingaphezulu zezekelo lwezentuthuko ye-[9] avame ukuba nezingalo eziphansi kakhulu zesilinganiso senkomba yenguquko yezesayensi.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zezinyathelo Zokubona Ingaphandle Eziphumelelayo

Amazwe nezifunda eziningana aye abonisa ukuthi ukusungula izindlela zokubona kahle kungaholela ekuncipheni kwenkohlakalo, ngokuvamile kuguquleni ukuphatha komphakathi kulenqubo.

Estonia: Ukubona Imishini Njengomsebenzi Wesizwe

I-Estonia iqashelwa kabanzi njengomholi wembulunga yonke wezokubusa kwemishini. Ngemva kokuzimela kwayo, izwe elibekwe kakhulu eqhingeni eliyi-e23 elivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zingene cishe kuzo zonke izinkonzo zomphakathi kuyi-inthanethi. X-Road isimiso sesimiso sihlanganisa ngokulondekile izisekelo zikahulumeni, kuyilapho izakhamuzi zingabona oye wakhipha imininingwane yazo, uqinisekisa ukuthi ulandiso. Isilinganiso esiphakeme sokubonakala kwangaphandle siye sathiwa ngokunciphisa ukonakala ngokususa ukusebenzelana kwabantu okungokomthetho ezinkonzweni ezinkonzo zesikhashana. I-Estoni izinhlu zamazwe amancane kakhulu okonakala emhlabeni ngokwe-Transpareation International.

EMexico: Amandla Okuthola Ulwazi

Umthetho wokubonana wangonyaka ka-2015 waseMexico (wawubeka umthetho wangaphambili ka-2002) wamisa isimiso sokubona esiqinile sesizwe. Ugunyaza ukunyatheliswa kwemininingwane kahulumeni futhi unika izakhamuzi ilungelo elinamandla lokucela ukwaziswa. Umthetho wakha indikimba ezimeleyo, INAII, egunyazwe ngokugunyaza ukugunyaza. Nakuba izinselele zikhona, ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi umthetho uye wandisa ukwaziswa futhi wasiza ekudalulekeni kokonakala, njengecala elibi elihilela umkhaya kamongameli. Umthetho wanika intathelela izikhulu nomphakathi ukuba zicuphe kakhulu imali esetshenziswa nguhulumeni.

EGeorgia: Ukusuka Ebukhohlisini Obusakazekile Kuya Ezweni Elivamile

Ngemva kweNguquko yaseRose ngo-2003, iGeorgia yasungula izinguquko ezikhudlwana zokulwa nokonakala, futhi kwaba sobala. Uhulumeni wasungula isinyathelo esibanzi sikahulumeni, wenza ukubhalisa kwezebhizinisi ne-irnassing, futhi wasungula isimiso sokungafumbathisi. Amaphoyisa emotweni athathelwa indawo amakhamera akhanyayo, amavidiyo avundlile, futhi izinkonzo zomphakathi zaphinde zakhuphuka. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, iGeorgia yashintsha kwelinye lamazwe onakele kakhulu yaba yikhomba embonini emelene nenkohlakalo, kanye nesikhundla sayo esikhungweni sezentengoniso yeze-Percecloptions Index yanda ngokuphawulekayo.

EBrazil: ILei de Acesso à Informação Nezokubhucunga Umphakathi

I-Brazil’s Access to Information Law (2011) yanikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokucela ukwaziswa kunoma yiliphi izinga likahulumeni. Ihlangene nebutho eliqinile lezwe lomsebenzi wokonakala ( u-Anti-oreti (Lava Jato), ukuvela komphakathi ekutholeni imvume kwadlala indima eyinhloko ekudaluleni ukonakala okukhulu ePetrobras. Ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa okuvuliweyo ezivumelwaneni zikahulumeni kuvumela abacwaningi ukuba baqaphele ukungalungisi ekuvuleni izintambo zokushaya nokujikijela izinhlelo, kuholela ekushushisweni kwezikhulu ezihamba phezulu nabaholi bezebhizinisi.

Izinselele Zokusebenzisa Izindlela Zokubona Imibala Ngokuphumelelayo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ukuthatha isinyathelo sokubona ukukhanya akuyona inhlamvu yesiliva.

  • ukwenqaba okuqinile: Izikhulu ezizuzayo ekungafinyeleli zivame ukumelana nokuzikhandla nezilinganiso zokukhanya, zenza buthaka ukugcinwa komthetho, noma zakha izaba. Ngaphandle kwentando eqinile yezombangazwe, ngisho nemithetho ebekwe kahle ihlala ingaphoqelelwa.
  • Imali yemithombo yemali kanye nobuchwepheshe: Ukugcwalisa izikhungo zokwaziswa ezivulekile, izimiso zezicelo zolwazi, namapulatifomu amanani kudinga ukutshala imali, izisebenzi ezinekhono, nezakhiwo eziqinile. Ohulumeni abaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, babhekene nezithiyo ezinzima.
  • Isilinganiso sokwaziswa esinganele: Ukwethula kokwaziswa akwanele; kumelwe kube okufike ngesikhathi, okuhlanganeyo, nokufundeka komshini. Imniningo ehlelwe kahle noma engaphelele ingafiphaza kunokudalula ulwazi.
  • Ukugcinwa kwemisebe nokuzimela kokwahlulela: Ukubona gca kunciphisa ukonakala uma kwembulwe ukuziphatha okubi kujeziswa. Izikhulu zomthetho ezibuthakathaka, ukungenela kwezombangazwe, kanye nezindikimba ezinganele zokuqondisa kungavumela ukonakala kuqhubeke naphezu kokudalulwa.
  • Ukunganaki nokungafundi kahle: Ngisho nalapho ukwaziswa kukhona, izakhamuzi zingantula isikhathi, amakhono, noma isisusa sokuhlanganyela. Ukuhlanganyela okunenjongo kudinga ukufunda umshini, imfundo yomphakathi, nokukhulumisana okufinyelelekayo.
  • Imvuthuluka nokushintsha: Kwamanye amazwe, inzuzo yokuqala yokubona ibuye yabuyiswa ohulumeni abalandelayo, njengoba kubonakala eHungary nase Turkey, lapho inkululeko yemithetho yokwaziswa iye yanciphiswa khona.
  • Ukugcwala kolwazi nokusebenzisa kabi: Ukwaziswa okuningi kakhulu ngaphandle kokufushanisa okucacile kunganqoba izakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala ngalé komthetho kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlasela kwezombangazwe noma ukwesabisa izikhulu, kuholele kulokho izazi ezikubiza ngokuthi “umphumela ocaphukisayo.”

Izinqubo Zokwenza Ukubonakala Okucace

Ukuze bandise ithonya lezinyathelo zokubona ukukhanya ekunciphiseni ukonakala, ohulumeni nomphakathi kumelwe basebenzise amasu okuphelelisana.

Yakhani Imisebenzi Yamafomu Engokomthetho Eqinile Nemishini Ephoqelelwayo

Imithetho yokubona kahle kumelwe ihlanganise amalungiselelo okwambula, ukuqondisa okuzimele, izijeziso zezinqubo ezingahambisani, kanye nezikhalo. Open Government Partyship inikeza indawo yokuhlala ukuze amazwe abophe inguquko eqinile futhi ahlanganyele imikhuba emihle kakhulu.

Ukutshala Imali Ezobuchwepheshe Nasemikhiqizweni Yamanani

Izindawo zobungane ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziseshe, zihlunge, futhi zikopishe ukwaziswa kubalulekile. Amathuluzi okuhlakanipha okwenziwa angasiza ekuhlaziyeni ukwaziswa okukhulu ukuze kutholwe izindlela zokonakala. Isibonelo sase-Estonia sibonisa indlela izimiso zemishini ezihlangeneyo ezingenza ngayo ukuba kube lula ukubonakala.

Ukuthuthukisa Imfundo Yamacomputer Nokuqaphela Umphakathi

Izakhamuzi kumelwe zazi amalungelo azo nendlela yokuwasebenzisa. Izikole, imithombo yezindaba, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zingafeza indima ekufundiseni abantu indlela yokusebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvuliwe, izicelo zokwaziswa kwamafayela, nokuhlanganyela ekuqondiseni. Izinhlelo ezinjenge Transparency International’s Advocacy and Legic Application Centrees[ zisiza izakhamuzi ukuba zilawule isimiso.

Isivikelo Namandla Abaxhumanisi

Izintatheli, ababali, amaqembu omphakathi, nabafuthi bekhwela benza njengabadlulisi bemidiyamu abahumushela ukwaziswa okungacacisi ekwazini ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ukuvikela labadlali ekuhlukunyezweni, ekuhlanjalazweni, nasebudloveni kugxeka. Izinyathelo zomthetho zokuvikela abafutha impepho kufanele zibekwe phambili.

Ukushintsha Imibono Ezinye Izinguquko

Ukubona ngale kusebenza kangcono kakhulu uma kuhlangene nezinqubo zokulandisa: iziqu zomthetho ezizimele, iziteshi zezindaba, kanye nezikhungo zobubonisi eziqinile. Kumelwe kube yingxenye yeqoqo elihlanganisa ukuqeqeshelwa izikhulu zomphakathi izimiso zomthetho eziphikisayo, iziqondiso eziphikisayo, kanye nezinhlangano zokuhlola ukugcinwa kwemali eziphumelelayo.

Qiniseka Ukuthi Ukukhulumisana Kuyimfihlo Futhi Kuyafinyeleleka

Ulwazi kumelwe lunikezwe ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi, kuhlanganise nokubona, ukufushanisa, kanye nezimpawu ze-maselula, ukuze kufinyelelwe izilaleli ezihlukahlukene. Izinqubo zokuhlanganyela kufanele ziklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa amaqembu alandelanayo.

Isiphetho

Izindlela zokubona ngaphaya kwelinye lamathuluzi athembisa kakhulu ekulweni nokonakala kukahulumeni embulungeni yonke. Ngokuveza ukukhanya ngemisebenzi kahulumeni, zisiza izakhamuzi ukuba zigcine abaholi bazo belandisa, zinqande ukungasebenzi kahle, futhi zithuthukise impucuko yobuqotho. Ubufakazi obuvela emazweni anjenge-Estonia, Mexico, neGeorgia bubonisa ukuthi lapho ukukhanya okukhanyayo kusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ngemithetho eqinile, ezobuchwepheshe, nangokuzibandakanya kwezakhamuzi, kungabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwenkohlakalo nentuthuko ekubuseni.

Nokho, ukubonakala ngaphandle akuyona ikhambi. Impumelelo yayo ixhomeke ekusekeleni isimo sezombangazwe, imithombo eyanele, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwezakhamuzi. Njengalokho, izinyathelo zokubona ngokukhululekile kumelwe zilandelwe njengengxenye yecebo elibanzi lokulwa nokonakala elihlanganisa ukuphoqelelwa, ukuzimela kokwahlulela, nesivikelo samalungelo abantu. Esikhathini lapho ukwethemba umphakathi ezinhlanganweni kuncipha, ukutshala inqubo yokukhanyisa akuyona nje imfuneko yokubuyisela ukholo kuhulumeni wentando yeningi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ohulumeni bafeza okuhle.