Table of Contents

Njengenani labantu enkathini yomhlaba, ukuhlangana kwezinkinga zokuguga nokusebenzisa izinto ezidakayo kuye kwavela njengenye yezinselele zempilo yomphakathi ezicindezela kakhulu kodwa ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Izimiso zezidakamizwa zendabuko, eziklanyelwe abantu abasebasha ngokuyinhloko engqondweni, ngokuvamile zihluleka ukuveza izidingo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba, zengqondo, nezezenhlalo zabantu abadala abalwa nokuluthwa. Leligebe likamthetho nomkhuba liye ladala isithiyo esiphawulekayo sokwelapha, kushiye izigidi zabantu abadala bengenaso isisekelo esifanelekile. Ukusingatha lezi zinselele kudinga ukukhishwa kabusha kwezimiso zezidakamizwa zamanje zokwakha izinhlelo ezikhethekile zomzimba, zeminyaka ephelele, ezithinta isilinganiso esisebenzayo, neziphumelelayo ezibonisa ukuthi abantu abadala bayazi izidingo ezisobala.

Ukuqonda Izinga: Ukwanda Komlando Wabantu Abadala Abanenkinga Yokusebenzisa I - substate

Cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu - 65 nangaphezulu baphila nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa utshwala, futhi leli nani liyaqhubeka landa ngezinga elishaqisayo. Inani labantu abadala abaneminyaka engu - 55 nangaphezulu abafuna ukwelashwa okuluthayo landa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka - 50 phakathi kuka - 2009 no - 2020, okubonisa ushintsho olukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi zofuzo.

Phakathi kuka-2022 no-2023, izinga lokufa kwezidakamizwa okuhlobene nalo landa ngenani labantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-55-64 nangu-11.4% kubantu abadala 65 nangaphezulu. Lezibalo ziveza umbono osangulukisayo wenkinga ekhulayo kunokuba inciphe. Ukufa kwabantu abasha ngenxa yesisindo segazi liyanda, kodwa abantu abadala (65 nangaphezulu) babona ukwehla okuncane kakhulu kwe 8,8%, okuqokomisa ithonya eliphakeme kulolu mphakathi osengozini.

Umphumela Wokuzala Kwengane Nezindlela Ezishintshayo Zokusetshenziswa Kwayo

Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwanda kuvunyelwa ngokwengxenye isizukulwane esizala izingane, esazalwa phakathi kuka - 1946 no - 1964, esasichayeke kakhulu otshwaleni nasezidakamizwani zisencane. Isizukulwane esizalisayo sezingane siye saba namazinga aphakeme okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ezingeni ngalinye lokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane ezidlule, ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwesimo sengqondo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi nokukhuliswa kwazo kanye nokwanda kobude bokuphila.

Izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kabi kakhulu abantu abadala zihlukile ngandlela-thile kulezo ezisetshenziswa yintsha. Izidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kabi utshwala, imithi kadokotela enjenge-opiates ne-benzodiazepine (BZD), kanye nemithi edlula abantu abadala (OTC). Cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angu-65 nabadala babika ukuthi baphuza kakhulu, okuchazwa njengeziqondiso zansuku zonke okungenani masonto onke ngonyaka odlule, futhi abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweshumi abaneminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-65 nangaphezulu baphuza uphuzo oludlayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ezigunyaziwe kumelela ukuthambekela okukhulu kakhulu kubantu abadala. Izimo zempilo ezingapheli zivame ukuvela lapho umuntu esegugile, futhi abantu abadala ngokuvamile banikezwa imithi eminingi kunabanye abantu abadala, okuholela ezingeni eliphakeme lokuchayeka emithini eyingozi. Olunye ucwaningo lwabantu abadala abangu - 3 000 abaneminyaka engu-55 kuya ku - 85 lubonise ukuthi ukuxutshwa kwemithi egunyaziwe, imithi engagunyaziwe, kanye nezithasi-mfa ezidlayo, okunabantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu% abasebenzisa okungenani umuthi owodwa wemithi yokwelapha nsuku zonke, futhi cishe abayingxenye yengxenye basebenzisa imithi noma izithako ezingaphezulu kwesihlanu.

Izici Ezinengxenye Ekusetshenzisweni Kwemishini Ecushiwe Kwasebekhulile

Izici eziningi ezihlobene zinezela ekukhubazekeni kwemizwa esetshenziswa abantu abadala.Izici eziyingozi emzimbeni ezibangela izifo zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala zingahlanganisa ubuhlungu obungamahlalakhona, ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ukuncipha kokunyakaza, ukushintsha kwezimo zokuphila noma zokunakekela, ukulahlekelwa abathandekayo, ukuphoqelelwa ukuba uthathe umhlalaphansi noma ushintshele imali, ukuwohloka kwempilo, ukugula okungapheli, nokuphuza imithi eminingi kanye nezithasiselo.

Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza abantu asebekhulile balwe nokungaphili kahle kotshwala ukuncipha kokusekela komkhaya nokusebenzelana nabanye abantu njengoba bekhula. Ukuzehlukanisa emphakathini kuvamile kubantu abadala njengamalungu omkhaya nabangane abathuthayo noma abadlulayo. Uma asebekhulile bentula ubuhlobo obunenjongo noma behlala bodwa, kungaholela ekubeni babe nesizungu, okungandisa ingozi yabo yokukhula kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezinjengokucindezeleka − konke okungabangela amazinga aphakeme okuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa.

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sandisa eziningi zalezi zici eziyingozi. Lokhu kuvame okushaqisayo kubangelwa inhlanganisela yezici − kuhlanganise nokwanda kokuthola imithi kadokotela notshwala kanye nokwehla kokusekela komkhaya kanye nokusebenzelana phakathi nobhadane okwenzeka phakathi nalesi sifo.

Ukucatshangelwa Okuyingqayizivele Kwesayensi Yezifo Nempilo Kwabantu Abadala

Inqubo yokuguga ngokuyisisekelo ishintsha indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo futhi uthathe ngayo izinto, okwenza abantu abadala babe yizisulu kakhulu zemiphumela elimazayo yezidakamizwa notshwala. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile basebenzisa izinto ngokushelelayo, futhi ubuchopho babo bungazwela kakhulu emithini. Lokhu kushintsha komzimba kusho ukuthi izinto okungenzeka ukuthi zazibekelwe ithuba lapho sezikhulile zingaba yingozi noma zibulale ngisho nalapho sezikhulile.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezindlela Zezokwelapha Nezimo

Abantu abadala bangase babe sengozini kakhulu yokungenwa yimizwa eguquguqukayo, izinkinga zamaphaphu nezenhliziyo, noma izinkinga zenkumbulo. Izidakamizwa zingabhebhethekisa lezi zimo, zithuthukise imiphumela emibi yempilo yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko ekwelapheni abantu abadala abane-SUD ukuthi ngokuvamile banezifo ezivamile ezihlaselayo. Ukusetshenziswa komzimba kungabangela ukuba ukuhlinzwa kwezifo ezikhona kube yinkimbinkimbi, futhi zona, kungabhebhethekisa imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye ne-SUD.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ne-benzodiaphine kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi eyandayo yokuwa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kanye nokuwohloka kobuchopho kubantu abadala. Izifo zokuhlinzwa zingabulala kakhulu abantu abadala ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kulabantu abakhona. Imiphumela yezidakamizwa ezithile eziphazamisekile cishe njengesifo sokusebenza kahle, ukusebenzelana nomzimba, noma isikhathi sokusabela, ibangela izingozi, njengokuwa nokuwohloka kwemoto. Lezizimo ezingabangela ingozi enkulu empilweni kubantu abadala futhi zivele zilulame isikhathi eside.

Ukusebenzisa kabi ukuphazamiseka kwabantu abadala nakho kungaba kubi kakhulu, noma kubangele izimo eziqala kuqala njengokukhubazeka kobuchopho nobuthakathaka. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo omubi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi kusheshisa khona ukukhula, okungase kukhulise ukuncika ezintweni ezingase zibhekane nokuwohloka kwempilo nokusebenza.

Izingozi Zokufa Nezokubulawa Yizitho Zokudla

Imiphumela yokufa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala iyanda kakhulu. Ngokwe CDC, utshwala babuyimbangela eyisisekelo yokufa kwabantu abadala abangu-11,616 abaneminyaka engu-65 kuya ngaphezulu ngo-2020. Nakuba utshwala bubangele ukufa kwabantu abambalwa kakhulu kuleliqembu leminyaka, amazinga aye anda eminyakeni yamuva. Eqinisweni, inani labantu abadala abafa ngezimbangela ezihlobene notshwala liye lenyuka ngamaphesenti angu - 18,2 phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020.

Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile izidakamizwa nokufa okubangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile, kuhlanganise nabantu abadala, kwenzeka emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu e - USA, lapho ukufa kwabantu abadala ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile kuye kwaphindeka kathathu phakathi kuka - 2002 no - 2021. 57% kwababulawa yizidakamizwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abangu - 65 abasolwayo abahileleke ama - opioid nangu - 39% behilela ukuvuselela i - polysubstance ngokwemvelo yenhlekelele ethinta abantu abadala.

Izinselele Ezibucayi Ekwelapheni Kwanamuhla Kwezidakamizwa

Naphezu kokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa phakathi kwabantu abadala, izimiso zezidakamizwa zamuva nezimiso zokwelapha zihlala zikulungele ngokwanele ukusingatha izidingo zazo.

Ukuntuleka Okukhulu Kwezinhlelo Zokwelapha Zeminyaka

Kuphela amaphesenti angu-18 kuphela ezinhlelo zokwelapha ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa aklanyelwe lokhu kwanda kwabantu. Lesi sibalo sembula ukungavumelani okuyisisekelo phakathi kwesidingo esikhulayo sokuluthwa ukuluthwa utshwala nemithombo ekhona. Naphezu kokwanda nokwanda kwezingozi zokulimala okuhlobene nezidakamizwa kubantu abadala, ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinhlelo zokwelapha ezisebenzisa igciwane zihloselwe leli qembu labantu.

Nakuba kungamaphesenti angu - 18 kuphela amahlelo okwelapha ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa aklanyelwe ngokuqondile inani labantu abaphethwe i - geriatric, ukutholakala kwezindawo zokwelapha ze - SUD kulinganiselwe kulabo abasesimweni esiphansi esingokwezenhlalo, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ngalezi ziguli ukufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele kwama - SUD azo. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ezihlanganisa kokubili abantu abadala ababhekene nemingcele ehlobene nokuguga nezinkinga zezomnotho.

Ikhambi lamanje lezokwelapha elisebenzisa iziphazamiso ezisetshenziswayo eUnited States alikhona ukukhula noma ukuklanyelwa ukunakekela inani labantu abakhubazekile kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokwelapha eziklanyelwe abantu abadala abasebasha ngokuvamile azikwazi ukusingatha izidingo zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi, zolwazi, nezezenhlalo eziphawula abantu abadala abasebenzisa izinto eziphazamisekile.

Ukungawutholi Umnyango Ofanele Wezempilo Onikeza Ukuqeqeshwa Nokubukwa

Naphezu kwamazinga andayo okusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala, inani lababheki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo abasebenzisa imithi liye lehla.Lomkhuba okhathazayo usikisela ukuthi abanakekela impilo abakwaziyo ukuqaphela ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezigulini zabo esezikhulile noma abahlomele ukwenza amakhambi afanele.

Kungaba nzima ukuqaphela i-UD kubantu abadala futhi iholele ekulibaziseni ukwelashwa ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwezokwelapha, ukukhubazeka kwemizwa, nokuncipha kwekhono lokusebenza. Kuyinselele ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala. Kuvame ukuxilongwa, ngoba kungaba khona njengesifo sokusangana, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucindezeleka.

Naphezu kwalokhu, abantu abadala abavamile ukuhlolwa noma ukunikezwa ubufakazi obusekelwe ekusebenziseni ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa. Ukuntuleka kokuhlola okuvamile okusezingeni eliyinhloko nasezimweni zezifo zengqondo kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi abatholakali kuze kube yilapho sebefike emazingeni abucayi, bephuthelwa amathuba abucayi okungenela ngokushesha.

Ukuphikelela Kwesifo Sokuguga

Abantu abadala abane - SUD kungenzeka babhekana nehlazo ngenxa yokuphila kwabo nangenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kokwelashwa, futhi ukuhlangana kokuguga nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungase kubangele ukwanda kokwahlukana kwezenhlalo.

Izimiso zokwelapha zamanje, ezithonywe ukukhula kokwakheka nobuhlanga, zilinganisela ikhono labantu abadala lokuthola ukwelashwa okusekelwe ebuhlotsheni obubonisa ubudlelwano. Lokhu kukhula kokwakha kubonakala ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ekuklanyweni kwezinhlelo zokwelapha ezithatha amakhono angokomzimba nangokwengqondo afana nawomuntu omdala, ukucwasana okusobala phakathi kwabanakekela impilo abangase babheke ukwelashwa ngemithi njengokungabalulekile ezigulini esezikhulile.

Umehluko Wezinhlanga Nezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Kukhona umehluko onzima phakathi kwezinhlanga nezinhlanga obonakala kubantu abadala. Babonisa ukungalingani kokukwazi ukusebenzisa i-opioid esebenzisela i-opioid ephazamisekile kanye nokungangenisi imali ekunikezeni ukwelashwa kokulutheka nokuncishiswa kwemidanti eyingozi kubantu abambalwa, abangenamakhaya, nabantu abahileleke ebulungisani.

Ukuthambekela kwenkathi yobudala kuma-SUD phakathi neminyaka engu-18-90 kwabonisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kohlanga noma ubuzwe ohlukahluka-hlukene ngeminyaka; ngokwesibonelo, ama-SUD ayevame kakhulu kubantu abadala abamnyama lapho sebebadala futhi evame kakhulu kubantu abadala abamhlophe lapho besebancane. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abamhlophe, ama-Black asebekhulile babemancane kakhulu ku-33% ukuba baqede uhlelo lokwelapha lokwelapha kuno-White, kanti amadala ama-Hispanic ayenamba angu-26% amathuba okuqeda ukwelapha izakhi zofuzo kunamaWhite.

Izinga Eliphansi Lokwelapha

Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu - 65 nangaphezulu abane - SUD, ngo - 2018, bangamaphesenti angu - 24 bathola ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kanti abangamaphesenti angu - 16,8 bathola ukwelashwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kotshwala. La manani aphansi ekwelapheni aveza igebe elikhulu phakathi kwesidingo nokuthunyelwa kwenkonzo.

Abantu abaneminyaka engu - 65 nangaphezulu basengozini encane yokwelashwa okucatshangelwayo kunentsha, futhi ngokuvamile babika ukuthi abazimisele ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo njengesinye sezizathu zabo eziyinhloko zokungalufuni ukwelashwa.

Izimiso Zomthetho Ezisekelwe Ebufakazini Zomthetho Ohlanganisa Iminyaka

Ukusungula izimiso zezidakamizwa eziphumelelayo kubantu asebegugile kudinga izindlela eziningi ezisingatha izidingo zabantu abadala abadala kuyilapho behlangene nezimiso zempilo ezikhona kanye nokusekela umphakathi. Amasu alandelayo abonisa izindlela ezisekelwe ebufakazini zokuthuthukisa imiphumela kubantu abadala abasebenzisa izakhi eziphazamisekile.

Izinhlelo Zokwelapha Neziqondiso Ezihlukahlukene Ezisathuthuka

I-Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA) ka-2020 yokwelapha i-protocol Protocol (TIP 26) iyiqoqo leziqondiso ezichaza imikhuba esekelwe kubufakazi yokuphatha ama-SUD kubantu abadala. I-Protocolment 26 yezokwelapha ihlanganisa ukutuswa kwezinkonzo ezikhethekile njengokulungiselela nokusekela ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, ukuqondisa okugxile ekuxhumaneni nemithombo yomphakathi ehlobene no-orguatricia, kanye nokusekela kobuntu bokuthuthukisa ukukhula.

Izindlela zokuhlola zavela ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi abantu abadala bangaphumelela yini ekwelashweni okuvamile. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi izindlela zokuxabana zazingafaneleki futhi zingabonisi inhlonipho kubantu abadala nokuthi izinkinga eziyingqayizivele abantu abadala ababhekana nazo, kuhlanganise nezimo zempilo, ukucindezeleka, nokuzihlukanisa, azizange zibekwe. i-STM iklanyelwe ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni impucuko yokusekela nokuphumelela ekusebenziseni imilingo esetshenziswayo; ukwelapha okusekelayo kugxile ekwakheni ukusekela komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa ukuzithuthukisa komphakathi, nokuthatha indlela yembulunga yonke yokwelapha ngokuxoxa nezinkundla eziningi zokuhlola izicubungu.

Izinhlelo zokwelapha eziqondene nenkathi yeminyaka kufanele zihlanganise ukunyakaza kancane, ukunikeza izinzwa, ukunikeza usizo lwezokuhamba, nokwenza amaqembu ontanga anezingxenye ezikhuliswe ngeminyaka. Lokhu kulungisa kuqaphela isigaba esivelele sokukhula nezimo zokuphila kwabantu abadala, kwenza indawo lapho bezizwa beqondwa futhi besekelwa khona kunokuba bancishiswe.

Ukuthuthukisa Izimiso Zokunakekela Izifo Zabantwana Nokwelapha Ukulutheka

Izimiso zokunakekela ezihlanganisa asebekhulile zenza kube lula ukusingatha i-gereatric − njenge-dialmese (Izinga eliphezulu, Imithi, i-Mentation, ne-Blority) (Izinhlelo zokwelapha ukulutheka) ukusingatha izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zabantu abadala. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelapha akudingi nje kuphela ukusebenzisa izinto ezithile kodwa futhi nezidingo zempilo ezibanzi nezisebenzi zabantu abadala.

Kulenani labantu, umgomo kufanele uhlanganiswe futhi uhlanganiswe nokunakekela okusekelwe ekwakheni i-geriatric okugxile ekulondolozeni ukusebenza nasekulawuleni izimo ezingamahlalakhona, kuhlanganise nezifo ze-geria, ezihlanganisa nokusebenzisa imishini yokwelapha ukuphazamiseka. Ukuthuthukisa impilo yalomphakathi osengozini, izindlela zokunakekela abantu abadala okuhlotshaniswa nokuhlangana nokuluthwa ukuze kwakhiwe izimiso zezempilo zobungane ezingase zixazulule ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kubantu abadala.

Ukuxilonga kufanele kwenzeke emazingeni amaningi, kuhlanganise nokuthatha izinkonzo ezisebenza ndawonye, ukuhlanganisa amarekhodi empilo yezobuchwepheshe, amaqembu okusizana kwamalungu omzimba, nokuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi ukuxhumana. Odokotela bezifo zengqondo kufanele bahlonyiselwe ukwelapha ukulutheka, futhi ochwepheshe abaluthayo kufanele baqeqeshelwe izimiso zokunakekela asebekhulile.

Ukwandisa Indlela Yokwelashwa Ngemithi

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo nabanye odokotela abasebenza ngemithi yokunakekela abagula ngezifo zengqondo kufanele banikeze imithi esekelwe ebufakazini enjenge - buplenorphine yokusebenzisa i - opioid disorder noma inaltrexine ye - alcohol disorder. Ukuqhubeka kwemithi enjalo kubucayi ikakhulukazi phakathi nokushintsha kokunakekelwa okubangelwa yiziguli eziningi ezinezifo ezingalapheki.

Njengoba nje odokotela bengeke banqande i - insulin yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezikhishwa esibhedlela ziyiswa esibhedlela esinamakhono okunakekela abahlengikazi noma ekhaya, ukugoma imithi yokusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwemithi akufanele kubekezelelwe, noma kunjalo. Lesi simiso siveza indlela yokwelapha esetshenziswayo njengendlela yokunakekela esikhundleni sokungenela ngokuzikhethela.

Abenzi bezenqubo nezimiso zezokulawula kumelwe bakwenze kucace ukuthi bonke abantu abadala abaphila nezidakamizwa eziphazamisekile kumelwe bakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okusindisa ukuphila, okusekelwe ebufakazini kuzo zonke izimo lapho benakekelwa khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amakhaya asebekhulile, izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, nezindawo zesibhedlela lapho abantu abadala ngokuvamile bethola khona ukunakekelwa kodwa lapho ukwelashwa okuluthwa yizidakamizwa kungazange kutholakale khona noma kwenqatshelwe khona.

Ukulingisa Icala Lokuhlola Nokungenela Kwangaphambili

Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla amadala, njengoba izimpawu zivame ukuhambisana nezinkinga zokuguga ezivamile noma zezokwelapha. Abanakekela impilo kufanele bahlanganise amathuluzi asebenzayo okuhlola anjenge AUDIT-C kanye ne-AUDT, i-CARET kanye ne-MAST efanelana nabantu abadala, kanye ne-ASSIST noma i-AGEID ukuze bathole ukuthi asebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingaphikisani njengengxoxo eshukumisayo kusiza ekusebenziseni izinkulumo ezilula, kukhuthaze izizinda ezikhululekile, futhi zokwenza inhlonipho. Ukuhlola okusheshayo ngokwesiko kuthuthukisa ukutholakala nokuhlobana kokunakekela, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlukana kwezinhlanga nezenhlalo okuthinta leli nani.

Izimiso ze - electronic print zenza ukuba kuhlolwe izinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuhlolwa abantu abadinga usizo, ukuxilongwa kwezifo zengqondo, ukulaliswa ezibhedlela, nokunakekelwa kweziguli.

Ukukhuthaza Ukunikeza Imfundo Nokuqeqesha Impilo

Izikole zezokwelapha, izinhlelo zobuhlengikazi, imfundo yezenhlalakahle, nokuqhubekela phambili kwezifundo zemitholampilo eziqeqeshelwa ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhlanganise ukuboniswa okuyingqayizivele kwama-SUD kubantu abadala, amathuluzi okuhlola asebekhulile ngokufaneleka, izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe kubufakazi, kanye namasu okubhekana nehlazo nobudala.

Izinhlelo zobungane bezingane kufanele zihlanganise ukwelapha okuwumlutha njengendlela eyinhloko yokuncintisana, futhi izinhlelo zokwelapha ukuluthwa kufanele zihlanganise izimiso ze - geriatric. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqeqesha isiphambano kungasiza ekunqamuleni izimpawu phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezikhethekile futhi kwakhe izisebenzi ezihlonyiselwe ukusingatha izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zabantu abadala abasebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kubhekane nobandlululo olusobala kanye nesimo sengqondo sokukhula esingavimbela abanakekela impilo ekuqapheleni ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswa ezigulini esezikhulile noma ekunikezeni ukwelashwa okufanele. Abanakekela impilo kudingeka baqonde ukuthi ukululama kungenzeka noma ngabe umuntu umdala kangakanani nokuthi abantu abadala bafanelwe ukutholakala okufanayo kokwelashwa okusekelwe ebufakazini njengezakhamuzi ezisencane.

Ukukhuluma Nezici Zempilo Ezenhlalo

Ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kwe - SUD nokwelashwa okuvamile, nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwemigoqo yempilo engokwenhlalo, kuyiziqondiso ezibalulekile esikhathini esizayo zokucwaninga nokwelapha i - SD kubadala.

Izimiso zezidakamizwa kufanele zisekele ukungenela okuthinta laba abavimbela izenhlalo, kuhlanganise nokuxhasa ngemali izikhungo eziphakeme ezisiza umphakathi, izinkonzo zokuhamba ezihlela ukwelashwa, izinhlelo zezindlu ezisiza abantu abadala asebekhulile ukuba balulame, nezinhlelo zokusekela ontanga ezihlanganisa abantu abadala nabanye abaye babhekana nezinselele ezifanayo.

Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini zingafeza indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekungeneleni kwasekuqaleni. Izikhungo zasebekhulile, imiphakathi yokholo, izinhlelo zokunikeza ukudla, nezinye izinkonzo ezivame ukuhlangana nabantu abadala abadala kufanele ziqeqeshelwe ukubona izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezakhi kanye nokwenza izikhombo ezifanele.

Ukunciphisa Ukuvinjwa Ngemikhankaso Yomphakathi

Imikhankaso yokuqapha umphakathi ngokuqondile esetshenziswa kubantu abadala ingasiza ekunciphiseni ihlazo, ukwandisa ukuziphatha okufuna usizo, futhi ifundise imikhaya nemiphakathi ngemithombo ekhona. Lemikhankaso kufanele ibeke inselele ezimweni ezivamile ngokuguga nokuluthwa, iqokomise izindaba zempumelelo kubantu abadala, futhi inikeze ukwaziswa ngendlela yokuthola ukwelashwa.

Imisebenzi kufanele isakazwe ngezindlela ezifinyelela abantu abadala nemikhaya yabo, kuhlanganise nethelevishini, umsakazo, imithombo yezindaba, izikhungo eziphezulu, izikhungo zempilo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Imiyalezo kufanele ibe ehloniphekile, ezwelayo ngokwesiko, futhi igcizelele ithemba kanye nokululama noma yibuphi ubudala.

Ukucwaninga Ngezindlela Ezisetshenziswayo Kwasebekhulile

Akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa notshwala ebuchosheni okuguga. Ulwazi lwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo (SUD) kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engu - 65 nangaphezulu alulinganiselwe. Kodwa ulwazi lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (SID) kulokhu kushiyeka kolwazi ngezinkinga ezifanayo ezisebasha.

Ucwaningo kufanele lubeke imali ephambili ekuhloleni ukuphumelela kwezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa abantu abadala, ukusetshenziswa nokuphepha kwemithi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kubantu asebekhulile, ukusebenzelana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nezimo ezihlobene nokuguga, kanye namasu okuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusha okudinga ukulutheka kufanele kuhlanganise nokwaziswa okwanele kwabantu abadala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lo mphakathi uyakwazi ukuphepha nokusebenza. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abadala abakhulile ekuhlolweni okuningi kwezokwelapha kubangela amagebe olwazi ashiya abasebenza emitholampilo bengenalo iziqondiso ezisekelwe ebufakazini zokwelapha iziguli zabo esezikhulile.

Izimiso Ezituswayo Zezimiso Zezempilo Nezikhokhelo

Izinguquko Zezimemezelo Nezici Zomshuwalense

I-Medicare ihlanganisa izinkonzo ezithile zempilo yengqondo nezidakamizwa ezisebenzisa isifo sokuphazamiseka. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Medicara Part B inakekela izindleko zezinkonzo eziseminyangweni yokwelashwa kwe-opioid. Nokho, izikhala zokufihla ezisadala izithiyo zokwelapha ezibanzi.

Izinguquko zezomthetho kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi iMedicare nezinye izinhlelo zomshuwalense ezihlanganisa abantu abadala abadala zinikeza i-arhente ebanzi yazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini, kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kweziguli, izinhlelo eziphuthumayo zokwelapha, ukunikezwa kwemithi, ukuphatha amakhambi, nokusekela ukubuya. Ukukhomba kufanele kudlulele nakushintsho olufanele njengosizo lwezokuhamba, izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezinwetshiwe ezingase zidinge kubantu abadala abanezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwelapha.

Amazinga okuthola inzuzo kufanele anele ukusekela ukuthuthuka nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo zokwelapha ezikhethekile zokuluthwa kwabantwana. Izindawo zamanje zokubuyisela ngokuvamile azikwazi ukukhokhela isikhathi esengeziwe nemithombo edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu abadala ngezindlela eziningi kanye nezidingo zengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinguquko Ezilawulayo Zokwelapha

Imithetho elawula izinto ezisebenzisa izifo ezisiza ukwelashwa kufanele ihlanganise izindinganiso zokunakekela ontanga, kuhlanganise nokuthola izimpawu zomzimba, ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa nokuqonda, ukuhlanganiswa nokunakekelwa kwemithi, nokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi ezimisweni ze-gereatric. Izinqubo zokuhlinza nezokugoma kufanele zihlole izindawo ezikwaziyo ukusiza abantu abadala ngokuphumelelayo.

Amakhaya asebekhulile, izakhiwo zokunakekela ezisizayo, nezinye izimo zokunakekela ezinde kufanele zidingeke ukuze kutholakale noma kuvulekelwe ukwelashwa kokuluthwa kwezakhamuzi ezisebenzisa izidakamizwa. Izimiso zamanje zivame ukwenza isithiyo sokunikeza ukuluthwa kulezi zimo, zishiye izakhamuzi zingatholi ukunakekelwa okudingekile.

Izinyathelo Zokuqala Zokuthuthukisa Umsebenzi

Ohulumeni abaphethe nesifundazwe kufanele bafake izimali ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi eziqeqesha abanakekela impilo, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, nochwepheshe abasekelayo ekutholeni ukuluthwa kwezingane.

Ochwepheshe abasekela ontanga asebekhulile abalulama banganikeza ukusekela okuyigugu futhi bakhonze njengezibonelo kwabanye. Ukuqeqesha nezinhlelo zezincwadi zochwepheshe bokusekela ontanga kufanele kuhlanganise izindlela eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile abantu abadala abadala, futhi umsebenzi wochwepheshe asebekhulile abasekela ontanga kufanele ukhuthazwe ngezindlela zokusekela imali nezimfuneko zohlelo.

Ukudambisa Izifo Eziyingozi Kubantu Abadala

Ukunciphisa izindlela zokuqeda izingozi kuyaqaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abakulungele noma abakwazi ukufinyelela ukuyeka futhi bagxile ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa izinto ezidakayo. Lamacebo abaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala okungenzeka baye basebenzisa izinto ezisengathi amashumi eminyaka futhi babhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ekusebenziseni indlela yokwenqabela utshwala engokwesiko.

Izindawo Ezinamasu Aphakeme Nezokuvinjelwa Kwezitho Zomzimba

Izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, lapho abantu bengasebenzisa khona imithi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha bethola imishini evimbela izimila nemithi yokubuyisela indle, ziye zabonisa ukuthi ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukufa kwabantu ngokweqile nasekuxhumaneni nabantu ezinkonzweni zokwelapha. Lezi zindawo kufanele ziklanyelwe ukunakekela izidingo zabantu abadala, kuhlanganise nokuthola futhi ukuhlobana nezinkonzo zokwelapha ezisiza asebekhulile.

Izinhlelo zokusakaza i - naloxone kufanele zisongele abantu abadala kanye nabanakekeli babo ngokukhethekile, ngokuqeqeshelwa ukubhekana nezingozi eziyingqayizivele abantu abadala abangase babhekane nazo. Uma kucatshangelwa izinga eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa kwamayeza e - opioid kubantu abadala, i - naloxone kufanele ibhalwe njalo lapho ama - opioid enikezwa iziguli esezikhulile.

Imikhuba Ephephe Kakhulu

Izinhlelo zokuhlola imithi ezigunyaziwe kufanele zihlanganisa izixwayiso eziqondile zokuthi ifulege lingase lifake ama - speed ama - opioid ama - opiepine nama - benzodiazepine, imithi ye - odopioid ephakeme, noma imithi evela emakhelini amaningi.

Iziqondiso ezingokwesayensi zokugunyaza imithi engase iluthe kubantu abadala abadala kufanele zigcizelele ukuqala ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu esiphumelelayo, ukubukezwa njalo kwesidingo esiqhubekayo, amasu ahlabayo lapho ukukhishwa kwemisebe kufanelekile, nokuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlungu zengqondo okungezona ezemithi kanye nokwelashwa ngengqondo.

Izindlu Nokusekelwa Komphakathi

Izinhlelo zezindlu kufanele zihlasele abantu abadala abalulamayo, ziqaphela ukuthi izindlu ezingokwesiko zokuthuthukisa zingase zingabafanele abantu abanokulinganiselwa kokunyakaza, izimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, noma ezinye izidingo ezihlobene nokuguga. Izisebenzi zezindlu ezisekelayo ezihlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuluthwa nokunakekelwa kwezifo zengqondo nezinkonzo zezenhlalo zinganikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokululama.

Izinhlelo ezisiza abantu abadala ukuba baxhumane nabanye, benze imisebenzi ezuzisayo, futhi bathembisene umshado emphakathini, kufanele zisize abantu ukuba basebenzise izinto ezithile futhi bazisekele.

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke Nemikhuba Emihle

Amazwe emhlabeni wonke abhekene nezinselele ezifanayo ezihlobene nokuguga nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukuhlola izindlela zamazwe ngamazwe kunganikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo ekuthuthukeni kwezimiso.

Amanye amazwe aseYurophu aye asungula izimiso zokwelapha ezibanzi zobudlelwano obudinga ukuluthwa yimilutha ehlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwemiqondo ne-geriatric , anikeza izinkonzo zokusekela umphakathi ezibanzi, futhi agcizelela izindlela zokunciphisa umonakalo. Lezi zimo ezibonisa ukuthi izimiso zokudala zisiza abantu abadala abasebenzisa imishini ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke ngokucwaninga, ukuthuthukisa izimiso, nokuhlanganyela imikhuba engcono kakhulu kungasheshisa intuthuko ekubhekaneni nalenselele yembulunga yonke. Izinhlangano ezinjenge - World Health Organization zingafeza indima ekwakheni iziqondiso zomhlaba wonke nokuthengiselana ulwazi.

Indima Yezobuchwepheshe Ekutholeni Ukutholakala Okukhudlwana

Ubuchwepheshe bezokusebenza kwe - Telehealth ne - digital bunikeza amathuba athembisayo okwandisa indlela yokwelapha abantu abadala abayimilutha, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni zasemaphandleni, labo abanokulinganiselwa kokunyakaza, noma labo ababhekene nemingcele yezokuhamba.

Nokho, ukwaneliseka ngetekthare ephakathi kwabantu abadala kwabonisa ukwaneliseka okuphansi phakathi kwalabo abanezinga eliphansi lezenhlalo nezomnotho naphakathi kwabantu abambalwa abahlanganisa amaBlack, amaHispanic, namaMelika Omdabu. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kokunikeza izinombolo ezihlukene futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukungenela kobuchwepheshe kulula futhi kuyamukeleka kubantu abadala abahlukahlukene.

Izinhlelo ze-Telehealth ezizosetshenziswa abantu abadala kufanele zihlanganise ukusekela kobuchwepheshe, ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa nokuqonda, futhi zihlanganiswe nezinkonzo ze-person uma kudingeka. Imishini ye-hybrid ehlanganisa i-telehealth nokuhambela ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kufake ijubane elingcono kubantu abadala abaningi.

Imishini yokwelapha, yokusebenzisa imishini ehambayo nesebenzisa i - Internet inganezela ezindleleni zokwelapha ezingokwesiko, kodwa kufanele iklanywe ngezidingo nezinto ezithandwa abantu abadala engqondweni, kuhlanganise nemibhalo emikhulu, imidwebo eyenziwe ngobuciko, nezinto ezisezingeni lokuphila kwabo nokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukuhileleka Komkhaya Nokunakekela

Amalungu omkhaya nabanakekeli banendima ebalulekile ekuqapheleni izinkinga ezisetshenziswa yile nkinga, ukusekela imishanguzo yokwelapha nokusekela ngokuqhubekayo ukululama.

Izinhlelo zemfundo zemikhaya nabanakekeli kufanele zinikeze ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abadala, indlela yokuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, indlela yokusingatha izingxoxo eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, nendlela yokuthola ukwelashwa nokusekelwa.

Amaqembu asekela ngokukhethekile imikhaya nabanakekeli babantu abadala abasebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo anganikeza ukusekela kontanga, iseluleko esiwusizo, nokusebenza okungokomzwelo. Lamaqembu kufanele abe khona kabanzi futhi abhekwe njengesici esivamile sokunakekelwa okubanzi.

Imithetho yezokwelapha kufanele ibhekane nezidingo zabantu abadala abanakekela abagugile ngokwabo, njengoba ukucindezeleka kuyingozi yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukucabangela Okungokomthetho Nokuyingcaca

Izimiso zezidakamizwa ezithinta abantu abadala kumelwe zikwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezingokomthetho nezifanele, zilinganisele ukuzibusa komuntu siqu, impilo yomphakathi, nomsebenzi wokuvikela abantu abasengozini.

Ukuba Nekhono Nokuvuma

Abantu abadala abasebenzisa kabi izinto bangakwazi ukwenza izinqumo eziphazamisekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zomzimba, noma izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihambisanayo. I-policies kufanele inikeze isiqondiso esicacile sokuhlola ikhono, ukuthola imvume yolwazi yokwelashwa, kanye nokuhlanganisa abenzi bezinqumo ngokufakela kwenye indawo uma kudingeka, kuyilapho ikhulisa ukuzibusa nokuzinqumela kwabantu abadala.

Ukubika Nokungenela

Imithetho yenkonzo yokuzivikela yabantu abadala ezindaweni eziningi idinga ukubikwa kwabantu abadala abangakwazi ukuzinakekela. Izikhulu kufanele zicacise uma inqubo isebenzisa abantu abadala abadala lapho inikeza izibopho eziphoqelelwe zokubika futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenela kubeka ukwelashwa nokusekela phambili kunokuziphindiselela.

Ukwahlulela Kobugebengu Kucabangela

Abantu abadala abasebenzisa kabi izinto ezithile bangase bahileleke esimisweni sokwahlulela kobugebengu ngokukhokhwa ngezidakamizwa, ngokushayela ngaphansi kwethonya, noma amanye amacala ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezidakamizwa. Izinkantolo zezidakamizwa, izinhlelo zokuzilibazisa, nezinye izindlela zokugweba kufaneleke futhi kuhambisane nabantu abadala, okuhlobene nokwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanelekile.

Abantu abadala abanesifo sokusebenzisa utshwala babhekene nezinselele ezithile, njengoba izindawo zokuqondisa izigwegwe zivame ukuhlonyiselwa kabi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa kwe-gereatric noma ukwelashwa okuluthayo. I-policies kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ikhona indlela yokwelashwa ngemithi ehambisana nemisha, izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganisa abantu abadala nokwelashwa okusekelwe emphakathini nokusekelwa lapho bekhululwa.

Ukucabangela Ezomnotho Nezindleko

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingalashwanga kubantu abadala okungadingekile kuphela ngokuqondene nokuluthwa ukwelashwa kwabantu abadala kodwa futhi kunengqondo ezomnotho.

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukwelashwa okuluthayo kunciphisa izindleko, nemali egciniwe esetshenziswa ekusebenziseni impilo encishisiwe, inciphise ukuhileleka kobulungisa bobugebengu, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphila kunezindleko zokwelashwa. Kubantu abadala, amathuba okunciphisa izinkinga ezibizayo zezokwelapha nokuvimbela ukufakwa kwasekhaya ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube yizindleko ezinkulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwezomnotho kufanele kucabangele izindleko nezinzuzo eziningi, kuhlanganise nethonya kubanakekeli bemikhaya, izinga lokuphila, nekhono labantu abadala lokuzimela nokuhileleka emiphakathini yabo. Izikhulu kufanele zaziswe ngokuhlola okubanzi okubangela izici eziyingqayizivele zabantu abadala abasebenzisa izicubu.

Amasu Okuvimbela Amakhoba Esikhathi Esizayo

Nakuba kuphuthuma ukusingatha inkinga yamanje yokusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisa abantu abadala, izindlela zokuvimbela abantu abadala abasebasha nabaphakathi kwabantu abadala zinganciphisa umthwalo wokusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo emashaleni asebekhulile angaphambili.

Imizamo yokuvimbela izingozi zokusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi ekuphileni kwamuva, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu obungapheli, izimo zempilo engokwengqondo, ukuzihlukanisa nabanye, nokushintsha komzimba okunjengokuthatha umhlala - phansi nokushonelwa.

Imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi kufanele ibeke inselele enqubweni yobudala eveza ukusetshenziswa kwento njengenkinga yobusha kuphela futhi ifundise abantu babo bonke ubudala ngezingozi zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekuphileni okudlulile. Ukuthuthukisa izingxoxo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi nokuphila komuntu kunganciphisa ihlazo futhi kukhuthaze ukufuna usizo kwasekuqaleni.

Abanakekela impilo kufanele bahileleke ekuqondiseni kusengaphambili iziguli ezisezingeni eliphakathi nezisezingeni eliphakathi ngezingozi zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa lapho zikhula, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa kwezinhlungu okungapheli, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, kanye nokushintsha kokuphila. Izingxoxo eziphazamisayo ngokusetshenziswa okuphephile kotshwala nemithi zingavimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga zokusebenzisa izinto ezidakayo.

Ukwakha Umsebenzi Oyindinganiso Womthetho

Inqubo yezidakamizwa ephumelelayo kubantu asebegugile idinga uhlelo olubanzi oluhlanganisa amazinga amaningi okungenela, kusukela ekunakekeleni kodokotela ngabanye kuya emaqhingani empilo yomphakathi. Lesi sici kufanele siqondiswe ngezimiso eziningi eziyisisekelo:

[[[NT:0] Ukunakekela okuphakathi: izinhlelo nezinhlelo kufanele kuklanywe ngokusekela nokuvikela okufanelekile kwezidingo, okuthandwayo, nemigomo yabantu abadala, beqaphela ukuzibusa kwabo nesithunzi sabo lapho benikeza ukusekela nesivikelo.

[[FLT: 0] Ukuhlanganisa: ukwelapha kokuphazamiseka kwemizwa kuhlanganisa nokunakekela kwe-gereatric, ukunakekela okuyinhloko, izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kanye nezinkonzo zokusekela umphakathi, ukwenza izimiso zokunakekela ezingenamthungo kunokuba zihlukaniswe.

Umkhuba osekelwe ku-'FLT': i-Pricies kufanele yaziswe ngobufakazi bokucwaninga ngalokho okusebenza kubantu abadala abasebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukisa izinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuyasebenza.

ukulingana:[ i-Picomes kumele ikhulume ngokuhluka kokwahlukana ekufinyeleleni nasemiphumeleni etholwa abantu abadala abavela emaqenjini amancane ezinhlanga, amaqembu aphansi ezomnotho, kanye neminye imiphakathi encikene nezindawo ezihlukene.

ukuncishiswa kwemisebe: I-Prophesethi kufanele ihlanganise nokwehliswa kwezindlela ezilimazayo ezihlangana nabantu lapho bekhona, ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi wenze izindlela zokululama ezingase zingadingi ukuphulwa ngokushesha.

Umbono wokuphila: i-policies kufanele iqaphele ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izakhi kubantu abadala ngokuvamile kunezimpande kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nokuthi ukuvimbela nokungenela kokuqala kokuphila kobudala kunganciphisa umthwalo wokusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo ekuphileni kwamuva.

Ukusebenzisa Izinselele Nezinyathelo Zokuphumelela

Ukusebenzisa izimiso ezibanzi zezidakamizwa kubantu asebegugile kubhekana nezinselele eziningi, kuhlanganise nemithombo elinganiselwe, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezimiso zokunakekelwa nokumelana nokushintsha.

Ukuthembisana ngezivumelwano ezidinga abantu abadala kubalulekile, kuhlanganisa abantu abadala abanokuhlangenwe nakho ekuphileni, amalungu omkhaya, abanakekela impilo, abasunguli bezimiso, abacwaningi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze baklame futhi basebenzise izimiso ezivumelanayo. Ukuhileleka okunenjongo kwabantu abadala ngokwako kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso ziyasabela ezidingweni zabo nasezintweni abazithandayo.

Izinhlelo zokushayela nokulingisa zingahlola izindlela ezintsha, ziveze ubufakazi bokuphumelela, futhi zakhe ukusekela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. Izifundo ezifundwa kubatholi bemoto zingazisa ukucwengisiswa nokulinganisa kokungenela okuphumelelayo.

Izindlela ezisekelayo zokuxhasa imali zibalulekile ukuze kusekelwe ukuthuthukiswa nokunakekelwa kwezinhlelo zokwelapha ezifanelekele zobudala. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukusekela imali enikezelwe ezindaweni zokuxhasa, ukubuyisela izinguquko, kanye nezinqubo zezimali zokusekela imali ezisiza imithombo eminingi yezimali.

Izimiso eziqinile kanye nezinga lokulandisa ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zinikeza ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo, okufanele ubudala. Isilinganiso somsebenzi kufanele sihlanganise kokubili inqubo (njengamazinga okuhlola nokuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzisa imithi) kanye nezilinganiso zomphumela (njengokuzigcina, izinga lokuphila, kanye nesimo esisebenzayo).

Indlela Engaphambili: Ubizo Lokuthatha Isinyathelo

Ukuhlangana kwenani labantu asebegugile nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumelela enye yezinselele ezichaza impilo yomphakathi emashumini eminyaka azayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani labantu abanesifo sezifo zengqondo, abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu - 65 noma ngaphezulu, eUnited States liyoba cishe izigidi ezingu - 72,1 ngo-2030. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko eziphawulekayo zezimiso nezimiso, izigidi zabantu abadala ziyoqhubeka zihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwemisebe yempilo engalashwa, zibhekane nokugula okungagwemeki, ukufa, nokuncipha kwezinga lokuphila.

Ubufakazi busobala ukuthi kukhona ukungenela okuphumelelayo, ukuthi ukwelapha kusebenza kubantu abadala, nokuthi izindlela ezibanzi, ezifaneleke kahle zingathuthukisa imiphumela ngokuphawulekayo. Okuntuleka akukona ulwazi kodwa kunalokho intando yezombangazwe, ukwabiwa kwempahla, nokuguqulwa kwesimiso okudingekile ukuze kuguqule ubufakazi busebenze ngokwezinga elithile.

Abenzi bemithetho kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni kumelwe bahlele lendaba, bamise izimali, bashintshe izimiso, futhi bathathe icala lokusiza abantu abadala abasebenzisa izidakamizwa. Izimiso zezempilo kumelwe zishintshe izindlela zabo zokusebenza, zihlanganise ukwelashwa okuluthayo nokunakekela asebekhulile futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi bonke abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okusekelwe ebufakazini.

Abanakekela impilo kumelwe banqobe izimo zengqondo zokuguga kanye namagebe olwazi, baqaphele ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izinto ezifweni zeziguli zabo esezikhulile futhi banikeze noma banikeze noma banikeze imvume yokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele. Imikhaya nemiphakathi kumelwe ibeke inselele ihlazo, isekele abantu abadala ekululameni, futhi isekele izimiso nezinhlelo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zabo.

Abacwaningi kumelwe baqhubeke beveza ubufakazi ezindleleni eziphumelelayo, begcwalisa amagebe olwazi futhi behlaziya izindlela ezintsha zokungenela. Abantu abadala ngokwabo kumelwe banikwe amandla okufuna usizo, ukuhlanganyela ekwelashweni, nokuhlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuze bazise isimiso futhi banciphise ihlazo.

Isiphetho: Ukudala Inqubo Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Ngokuqhubekayo Ekugugeni Kwempilo

Njengoba umphakathi uqhubeka ushintshela kubantu asebekhulile, akukaze kusheshe kusheshe ukuba inqubo yokushintsha izimiso zezidakamizwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabantu asebekhulile.

Ukwenza izimiso zezidakamizwa zobungane kudinga ukuthatha izindlela ezihambela phambili ezihambela phambili ezindleleni zomuntu oyedwa ukuze kuqashelwe izidingo eziyingqayizivele, amandla, nezinselele zabantu abadala abadala. Kudinga ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuluthwa nezempilo, ukuxoxa ngezinqanda ezempilo, ukunciphisa ihlazo nobudala, nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okulinganayo kobufakazi bazo zonke izinqubo zokwelapha bonke abantu abadala abadala kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ubuzwe, izinga lezentengiselwano yezenhlalo, noma indawo.

Amasu achazwe kulesi sihloko `kusukela ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokwelapha eziqondene nenkathi yokukhula nokuqeqesha ukunakekelwa kokunakekela ukuncishiswa kwezindlela ezilimazayo nokuthola imingcele yomphakathi. Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo kudinga isibopho esiqinile, imithombo eyanele, kanye nokubambisana ezingxenyeni nasemikhakheni.

Izimiso zokunakekela ezisekela ukuguga okunempilo, zenza ukululama kulula, futhi sihloniphe isithunzi nenzuzo yabo bonke abantu abadala abadala.

Ngokuthatha izimiso zezidakamizwa ezihlanganisa abantu, ezinolwazi, nezisetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni, singalungisa isimo samanje kuphela kodwa futhi sakhe isisekelo sokuguga okunempilo engcono ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Lokhu akuyona nje indaba yesimiso sezempilo somphakathi, okuyisibonakaliso sezindinganiso zethu njengomphakathi nokuzimisela kwethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, banethuba lokuphila okunempilo, okwanelisayo, okungenamiphumela ebhubhisayo yokusebenzisa izimo ezithathelwana.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nezinketho zokwelapha, vakashela i- Substance Abuse and Mental Service Service Administration noma iNational Institute on Drug Abuse[. Izinhlangano ezinjenge [[FLT:] i-American Society on Aging [FLT][F:5]] inikeza imithombo egxile ngokukhethekile ekuguleni nasekusebenziseni izinto, kuyilapho izibangezo zokulawula izifo nokwenqanda.[FLT] zinikeza ulwazi nesiqondiso ezintweni ezisiza ukuphila. [FLT:] National Institute on Agridking [FFFFLT]]