USuku lokuvumisa lungenye yemicikilisho ehlala njalo yaseMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi, isenzakalo esihlala njalo esiqinisekisa obala ukuzinikela kwesizwe ekushintsheni kwezwe ngokuthula, ngokuhleleka kombuso. Ngaphezu kwesenzakalo esingokwesiko, kuyisikhathi lapho abaphikisi bezombangazwe bemisa, izinhlangano, futhi izakhamuzi zimenywa ukuba zibone ukuthi ziyingxenye yeRepublic ehlangane kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlola okuqhubekayo okukhulunywayo enhliziyweni yenkonzo, kuhlanganisa umholi ozayo kuMthetho-sisekelo, futhi, ngokwengxenye yesenzakalo, kubantu abakhonzayo. Zonke, usuku nenkambiso yesivumelwano njengekhathekizimu, kukhumbuza izizukulwane ukuthi ukuzama komthetho nethembana. Lokhu kuhlola okubanzi kuhlola imvelaphi, ukuphakama, ukuncintisana koSuku lobuswa kwezwe, nokuvusembukwa kwesizwe, ukuvuselelwa kwesizwe, ukuvuselelwa kwesizwe, ukumiswa kwesizwe sesizwe sesizwe sesizwe.

Imvelaphi Nesisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sosuku Lokwamiswa

Abakhi boMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. banikeza ngokumangalisayo umbhalo omncane obhekiswe kuma-akhestrantium olandelana umongameli. ISiphakamiso II, iSiqendu 1, uClaus 8, umane nje ugunyaza ukuba umongameli afunge noma avume ukuthi kumelwe angene ehhovisi, futhi unikeza amagama aqondile. UMthetho-sisekelo awuluchazi usuku lomkhosi, futhi awugunyazi noma yiluphi usuku oluhambisanayo. Lolu hlelo lwegumbi lweSishayamthetho kanye nesiko lokugcwalisa imininingwane phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ukunikezelwa kokuqala, okwabanjwe ngoApril 30, 1789, eDolobheleni laseNew York, ngokwalo kwakuyindaba esheshayo, futhi iElctoral College ayizange igcine amavoti ayo, futhi uGeorge Washington wayebolethe iBhayibheli elivela endaweni eseduze ye-Maniclance. Kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni, kwakuqala ukukhonzwa kwe-kadededede.

Isihloko II Nomthetho Oyimfuneko

Imfuneko yomthetho-mthetho yokufungisa isifungo ibonisa ukukhathazeka okujulile kwabalawuli ngegunya eliphethe. Babesanda kulwa nokuvukela umbusi othi unelungelo laphezulu; babefuna ukuba igunya likamongameli libe nemibandela ecacile. Ulimi ```lokulondoloza, ukuvikela nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo” ("awusona isithembiso esingacacile sokubusa okuhle kodwa umsebenzi ongokomthetho oqondile. Ngokufunga ukusekela uMthetho-sisekelo ngaphezu kwakho konke, umongameli wamukela indima engaphansi emthethweni wesisekelo wezwe. Lokhu kungumthetho wesisekelo waseMelika. Ngokuphawulekayo, izifungo azisilaleli sithembiso esiphathelene nesisekelo esiqinile esiphathelene noNkulunkulu, iqembu, noma ukwethembeka komuntu siqu. Isifungo sisuke siwumthetho owemthetho, hhayi kubantu, hhayi ehhovisi, hhayi ehhovisi.

Ukuvuleka Kokuqala Nokumiswa Kwangaphambili

UGeorge Washington wanikezela lesi sikhunta cishe kuzo zonke izici ezalandelwa. Wahamba ukusuka eMount Vernon ukuya eNew York City emkhosini owenzelwa ukubonisa ukuthobeka kwerepublic . Wayegqoka isudi esobala yendwangu enziwayo yaseMelika kunokubusa empini. Ekhelini lakhe lokuqala, iWashington yagcizelela “ukulondolozwa komlilo ongcwele wenkululeko” nesidingo ‘ somoya wokulinganisela' phakathi kwezakhamuzi. Isinqumo sakhe sokunezela inkulumo ethi“Ngakho - Nkulunkulu” ngemva kokufusha kwenhlasiselo yezindaba zempi, isonto eliqhubeka, nakuba lingadingenwa ngumthetho. Ngokungaphezulu, i-Washington ingasinda ekuvulweni kwemithetho eqinile ngemva kwemithetho emibili emisiwe, eyayingasayinwanga ukuthunyelwa kwezelelwa kwe-Rodminigundal. Isinqumo kakhulu, ukubuningi ukubukiswa kwayo kungabonakala.

Umlando WeOath Yomongameli

Isifungo siwukuphela kombhalo uMthetho-sisekelo ofuna ukuba umongameli akhulume ngokuzwakalayo ekuqaleni kwegama lawo. Ukufingqa kwawo (amagama angu-35) kuveza isilinganiso sawo esikhulu somthetho nophawu. Wonke amagama aye ahlelwa izazi, ama-ligator, nomongameli ngokwawo. Ukuqonda izakhi zesifungo kwembula indlela abafuyi behlole ukusebenza ngayo njenge-chemistry.

Umbhalo Weoath Nezimo Ezihlukahlukene

ISiphakamiso II, iSiqeshana se-Claus II, iSiqeshana se-1. [1] ngifunga kakhulu] ukuthi ngiyolisebenzisa ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States. [umzali] u-“okanye uqinisekisa) u-"ihlanganiselwe ukuhlalisa ama-Quaker kanye namanye amaqembu enkolo aphika ukufunga izifungo. Inkulumo ethi“ shringng, shoshoshosho njalo” iphiphisa ulimi lomthetho wesiNgisi futhi isikisela umsebenzi we-fidiary esizweni. [i-trilon]“ ivikela, futhi ivikela” i-mendulo egcizelela isimo esisebenzayo, imfanelo eqhubekayo kamongameli bombuso. Akumelwe nje balalele umongameli; futhi basongela ngokumelene nokusongela phakathi kwe-bumongameli.

Nakuba amagama elungisiwe, ukuhanjiswa kuyahluka. Abanye amongameli baye banezela ukuthi “ngisiza uNkulunkulu” ekupheleni; abanye, njengoTheodore Roosevelt ngo1901 (ngemva kokubulawa kukaMcKinley), abazange. UFranklin Pierce wakhetha ukuqinisekisa kunokuba afunge ngo-1853. UMahluleli oyinhloko weNkantolo Ephakeme unikeza isifungo, kodwa uma uMahluleli omkhulu engekho, noma yimuphi uhulumeni ungenza kanjalo, u-Calvin Coolid wafunge wafunjwa uyise, umbusi womphakathi, ngo-1923363. Inganekwane ephikelelayo isho ukuthi uma umongameli wesifungo, abangomongameli weSifungo ngokomthetho. Eqinisweni, isifungo siyisimo sehhovisi, kodwa iNkanto ephakeme ayikaze inqume umphumela wegama elingafanele. NgoMangameli u-Oback, u-Oback, u-Mongameli odumile, u-Oback, waze waphinde washo ngokusho ngendlu elungile.

“ Ngakho Ngisize UNkulunkulu” Isiko

Ukunezela kwethi “ngakho - Nkulunkulu” kuyisiko, hhayi ukugunyazwa okungokomthetho-sisekelo. UGeorge Washington kuthiwa uye wanezela ngokuzenzekelayo, nakuba ubufakazi obungokomlando buncane. Wonke umongameli kusukela ngoChester A. Arthur uye wasebenzisa inkulumo ethi, ngaphandle kukaTheodore Roosevelt (owayishiya ngo-101 ezimweni eziphuthumayo) futhi ngokunokwenzeka ezinye. Lo mbhalo uye waba yisici esiwubala sempikiswano ngokuhlukaniswa kwesonto nombuso. Ngo-2009, incwadi ewububhishobhishobhisi [[FLT: 0]] iqukethe isihloko sokuhleka esithiwe yisihloko esiwudedayohlobagna i-Oth prognotesss ku Featus, kodwa futhi ufaka isifungo esingokomthetho esingokwenkolo, kodwa umongameli wesiko, uyaqhubeka nokukhetha okungoko kweBhayibheli ngomlando noma ngolimi lweBhayibheli oluvamile, u-201, unyunyunyusi.

Isenzakalo Esiphawulekayo Siwuphawu Lobunye

Ukunikezelwa bekulokhu kuklanyelwe ukuveza ubunye. Lesi senzakalo sihlanganisa wonke amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni, abaholi bempi, onomamessage, nezakhamuzi ezivela kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Indawo yesikhulu eWest Front yeCapitol isendaweni ebekwe ngokucophelela lapho ababengabongameli, izikhulu zamanje, kanye neqembu elizayo lihlala ndawonye naphezu komkhankaso onzima. Ukuthunyelwa okunokuthula kwamandla yiwo ngokwawo umyalezo onamandla: umlandeli olahlekelwayo uyavuma, izithembiso zokumelela wonke amaMelika, futhi imishini kahulumeni iyaqhubeka ngaphandle kobudlova. Ezweni lapho izizwe eziningi zibhekana khona nokhetho lwempi ngemva kokhetho, ukumiswa kwezwe laseMelika kuwumbukiso wokuzinzeka okuqinile.

Amakheli Avamile Nezimemezelo Zobunye

Ikheli lokuvula liyithuba lokuqala likamongameli omusha lokukhuluma ngokuqondile nesizwe ngaphandle kohluzo. Amakheli amakhulu aye asebenzisa lomzuzu ukuze alungise ukuhlukana. Ukumiswa kwesibili kuka-Abraham Lincoln ngo-1865, kanye nokunxusa kwakhe ukuthi “imali iqondiswe kunoma yimuphi” kanye nesithi“inkulumo yabo bonke,” ilokhu kuseyindinganiso yegolide yokubuyisana ngemva kwempi yangaphakathi. UFranklin D. Rooselt ka 1933 umemeze ukuthi “into okuwukuphela kwento esimelwe siyisabeyo iwukwesaba ngokwayo” ihlanganisa isizwe esicindezelekile. Muva nje, uMongameli uJoe Biden’s 2021 umemezele ngokucacile ukuqeda“ lempi ephakathini yezombangazwe”. Ikheli alidiyo eliceliwe Washington ngokusemthethweni, futhi umongameli uAdamu (njengoka-Johnheulde) umbiko wesiko owenziwayo. Kodwa umongameli unikeza umyalezo ozoke waso sokugxeka ngokushesha.

Ukuba Khona Nokuhlanganyela Ebandleni

Owembula izindaba. Omongameli abahambayo ngokwesiko baphelezela abameleli babo ezinyathelweni zeCapitol, isenzo esasenziwe ukuze sidlulisele ukuqhubekeka nomusa. Lapho uMongameli uDonald Trump enqaba ukuya ekunikezelweni kukaJoe Biden ngo-2021, waphula isiko leminyaka engu-15250 (lahlehlela emuva ku-Ulysses S. Grant’s 1869) futhi wachazwa kakhulu njengokungavumelani nokudluliswa ngokuthula kwegunyaza. Ngokungafani nokwe-inani elikhulu, uMongameli uMike Pence waya embukisweni, futhi owayengumongameli u-Obama, uGeorge, u-W. Bush, noBill Clinton babekhona. Ukungahoxi komongameli ophumayo emhlabeni wonke futhi kwagcizelela indlela imikhosi yobunye obungantengiselwa ngayo ngokuncintiswa kwe- - ngxenye enkulu ye-phala. Nakuba kunjalo, umongameli abaningi baveza umqondo wokumiswa kweqembu lezwe lonke kodwa umongameli kuphela.

Ubunye Bobuzwe Ezikhathini Zosizi

USuku lokuvumisa luba nencazelo ebanzi phakathi nezikhathi zokuhlukumezeka kwesizwe. Ngemva kokubulawa kukamongameli, umkhosi wesifungo uba insika yokuzinza. Kunjalo nangemva kokuyeka umsebenzi noma ukuvota okulwiwa ngokusemthethweni. Lezizikhathi zihlola ukuthi lo mkhuba ungawapholisa amanxeba noma umane ubhalwe phansi.

Ukuvuselelwa Ngemva Kokubulawa Nokumiswa

Lapho uMongameli William McKinley edutshulwa ngo-1901, uTheodore Roosevelt wafungela ngokushesha endlini yomngane wakhe eBuffalo, eNew York, engenaso isixuku futhi kungekho mkhosi. Isifungo sakhe esifushane . . asizange silandelwe ngaphandle kweBhayibheli . Salandelwa amazwi athembisa ukuthwala imithetho ka-McKinley. Isizwe esasidinga isiqinisekiso, neRooselt sasiwukuqhubekela phambili. Ngokufanayo, ngemva kokubulawa kukaJohn F. Kennedy ngo-19639, uLydon B. John John Johnson wafuyson wafungela emood Forcer One, ngokulandela kuGand Condrey, eme eshake uJacle Kennedy. Umfanekiso waleso sikhathi ubonisa u-Dlow ngesandla sakhe sokudla kobuso esine segazi esesifafafafa ebona.

Ukuyeka kukaRichard Nixon ngo-1979 kwaveza uhlobo oluhlukile lwenhlekelele. UGerald Ford wafungela ukuba ngumongameli ngoAugust 9, 1974, ephethe isenzakalo esifushane eMpuma yeHouse emhlophe. Ngodumo oludumile wathi, “Into esabekayo yethu ende yesizwe isiphelile.” Ikheli lokusungula kwakhe u-"indel" yakhishwa ngaphandle kobukhazikhazikhazi obuvamile ngoba lesi senzakalo sasiwukudluliselwa kwehlazo lokuphulukisa nokuthemba. Ikhono lesizwe lokuthatha isikhundla sikamongameli ohlazisayo phakathi namahora, ngaphandle kokungenela kwempi, laliwukubonakaliswa okunamandla kokuvuselela umthetho womthetho. Ngalezi zikhathi, isifungo sasebenza njengomthetho wokulungisa, umthetho owenziwe ngenkalo, ngokuvuma okulula, ukuhambisana negunya lomthetho womthetho.

Ukuhlukana Kwamuva Nezimemezelo Zokwelapha

Uvivinyo lwamuva kakhulu lungase lube yinselele enkulu: imiphumela yokhetho engu-2020. Ukuhlasela kweCapitol kwabangela ithunzi elide ekunikezelweni kukaJoe Biden ezinsukwini eziyishumi nambili kamuva. Lomkhosi ngokwawo waqiniswa kakhulu, kungekho sixuku somphakathi eSizweni samaMall ngenxa yakho kokubili usongo lwe-COVID nobhadane. Ukuhlasela kuka-Biden ngokungaphambili kwabhekana ngokuqondile nesigaba: “Kumelwe siqede lempi engavumelani ne-civil ebomvu ngokumelene ne-colown, ephakathi nedolobhana, eqinile ne-ephactus. Isenzakalo sasiyisiqinisekiso kanye kanye kanye sokuqashelwa kokuthiwa kokuthi isongelona okuvamile. Ngokuvumelana nomthetho kahulumeni kungabonakala kungena umbango. Uma kungcono, abanye abaholi babizwa ukuba bakhululwe ngokufusha i-Genetic Sywostrunt (unics) futhi bancike izakhamuzi ze-AFrective [201] kuhulumeni.[201] Isivumelwano sobuviniwe.[20] isilinganiso esiqinile.[20]

Ukugxekwa Nezigodlo Ezizungeze I - Oath Nokuvuleka Kwenkolo

Kuzo zonke izinkulumo zayo ezihlanganisayo, ukunikezelwa nesifungo somongameli akugonyiwe ekugxekweni. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lomkhosi uye waba umbukwane owenziwe ngokungenangqondo ofihla ukungalingani okujulile kokwakha. Abanye bakhomba ekutheni isifungo asikho esiphoqelelwe: akukho mongameli osuswe esikhundleni sokuphula isifungo, futhi indlela yokuba umongameli alahlwe ngokuhlambalaza ayihambisani nenqubo yezombangazwe, hhayi eyokwahlulela.

Amathuba Obunye Alahleka

Isiko lekheli lokuvula liye lasetshenziselwa ukuqhuba izikhala ezihlukene kunokuba kwakhiwe amabhuloho. Ukunikezelwa kuka-Andrew Jackson kwakudume ngokudume kakhulu ngo-1829, nesixuku sabasekeli ababehlasela iNdlu Emhlophe futhi beyishiya ishaywe. Ezikhathini zamuva kakhulu, abanye amongameli baye basebenzisa amazwi abo okuqala ukuhlasela abaphikisi babo noma ukukhuthaza izigijimi zobunye, belulaza umoya wobunye. Uma umongameli owehlayo enqaba ukuhlanganyela ngo-1869 no-Johnson noma 2021 no-Trump·21 no-Truptarian. Umkhosi ulahlekelwa intengo yawo. [[[FLTLTLD:] [FLD] [FLD:1] uNational Archivestingstings] uqaphele ukuthi abahleli bomthetho abalindele ukuba umongameli bathathe indawo engaphezulu, kodwa i-kensonson, futhi ububanzi bavame ukubonakalisa kakhulu.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokulandisa Kwesigodlo

Izazi sekuyisikhathi eside ziphikisana ngokuthi isifungo sobumongameli sidala umsebenzi obophayo ngokomthetho ongenziwa izinkantolo noma yiKhomishane. Ngokwenqubo, lesifungo siwukuthi “umongameli owephula kakhulu uzakulahlekelwa ukuthembeka kwezombangazwe kanye nobuso obungase bungagunyazi. Kodwa akukho nqubo yomthetho yokwahlulela ngokuvumelana kwesifungo. Phakathi nenkathi ye-Watergate, iKomiti ye House Jadiary ekhonjwe nguMongameli uNixon njengomunye wezihloko zokungagunyazi ngokomthetho, ukuthi uhlulekile ukuvikela izivumelwano zakhe. [i-Foggcone] [icene], ukuthi uhlulekile “ukunakekela ukuthi imithetho ikhishwe ngokwethembeka (isifungo esihlukene esisekelwe esibonelweni II). Ngo-201, abanye abahlabeleli baphikisa ukuthi izenzakalo 6 zika-January zihlangene. [i-Promest] [irn] [illname] i-Genethreagementations) kungulomethiweducelo oluqinile. Ngokuvumelanayo, kusifungo esingokomthetho.

Isiphetho

USuku lokuvuselelwa kwemithetho nesifungo sobumongameli siyaqhubeka ngoba bakhuluma ngesidingo esiyinhloko sokubusa kwentando yeningi: ukuthunyelwa ngokuthula, okungokomthetho kwegunya. Lomkhosi unikeza isiko elibonakalayo elivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibone uhulumeni wazo uphinde uzivuselele. Isifungo sinikeza i-ankile yomthetho-sisekelo, sikhumbuza umongameli nomphakathi ukuthi ihhovisi liyilungelo eliphathisiwe, hhayi umklomelo. Nakuba ithonya labo elihlanganisayo lingase lithotshiswe ukubekwa phansi, isakhiwo esingaphansi kwezwe sisale sikhona. Izikhathi ezithile zezwe zilandelana njalo eminyakeni emine.