Okwenza Ukubalwa Kwabantu Ngokunembile Kuhlanganyele Ezindabeni Zomdabu ZaseMelika Nezabo

Ubalo lwenani labantu olungapheli luhlela ukusakazwa kwezindlela namanzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokunikeza usizo lwezindlu. Kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika namazwe akhona, lokhu kusekela ngokuqondile izinkonzo ezibalulekile njengokunakekela impilo ngenkonzo yase-Indian Health Service, izimali zemfundo ezinikezwa yi-Bureau of Indian Education, izakhiwo zezemfundo engokwezisekelo njengemigwaqo namanzi, nezinhlelo zezindawo zokuhlala. Izindawo zokunikeza usizo lwezindlu zezindlu zilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu-4,8,8, cishe kabili emiphakathini ebhekene nezomnotho. I-2020% kodwa isuka ezindaweni eziningi zesizwe. Naphezu kwale ndawo ephakeme, amaMelika namaMelika nawoMdabuko ne-Alasland ase-Alas ngokwesiko kudinga ukuqondwa okunenzuzo okukhulu. I-2020% ye-Expondicensitude.

Ukuqonda Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Ukungaphathi Kahle Komlando Ukwaziswa Kukahulumeni

Ukungathembi uhulumeni wase-U.S. akuyona into engenasisekelo. Ezizukulwaneni eziningi, izimiso zikahulumeni zafuna ngentshiseko ukuchitha ukubusa kwesizwe, ukuphazamisa amasiko ezakhamuzi, nokukhipha ukwaziswa ngezinjongo ezilimazayo. Ifa lezikole eziboshiwe zamaNdiya, ukuthutha, nezivumelwano eziphukile ziyaqhubeka zihlela indlela amalungu esizwe abheka ngayo isicelo sikahulumeni sokwaziswa komuntu siqu. Izenzakalo eziqondile, njengokusebenzisa kukahulumeni ukwaziswa kwamanani abantu phakathi nenkathi yokwabelwa kwesizwe ukuze athole futhi anciphise amazwe ahlala ndawonye, noma ukuqedwa kokuzalwa kwabesifazane ababodwa odokotela beNkonzo yezempilo yaseNdiya kuma 1970, kuye kwabangela ukusolwa okukhulu kwendlela ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa ngayo kubantu boMdabuzwe. Amalungu amaningi esizwe esaba ukuthi ukuhlelwa komthetho noma ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zesizwe. Lendlela engokomlando ingenzeke ingasebenzi ngenxa yokuzi ukuthi nje ukuphatha izingozi.

Izithiyo Zolimi Nezomdabu

Izilimi ezingaphezu kwe- 150 zendabuko zisakhulunywa e-United States, eziningi zazo ezingabhalwanga noma ezingasenangozi yokuqothulwa. Izibalo ngokomlando ziye zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezimbalwa ezikhulunywa kakhulu — amaNdiya nawama-Alaska amaNdiya namaNdiya Omdabu zazingekho kakhulu ezinguqulweni ezingokomthetho kuze kube imijikelezo yamuva. Ngisho nalapho izinguqulo zikhona, imiqondo enjengethi “housedreal,” noma izakhamuzi zingadwebi ngcono ngokwesiko. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo zokuphila kwezizukulwane eziningi noma imikhuba yokutholwa kwabantwana ingadidanisa imibuzo evamile yokungavumelani nokwe-mthetho. Izindlela zempucuko nezinye ezinye ezingase zixazululwe abantu. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi eveza izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nezingakhonziwayo, izakhiwo eziningi zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zesizwe.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo Nokuhlukaniswa Kwendawo

Ukuxhumana okuthembekile kuyi-Intanethi manje kubalulekile ekusabeleni inani labantu kuyi-intanethi. Kodwa ezindaweni eziningi nasemizaneni yamaNavajo yase-Alaska, ukutholakala kwezincwadi ezibanzi kuselinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokwe-FCC, cishe amaphesenti angu-65 kuphela ezakhamuzi zamazwe esizwe angenayo ekwakhiweni okubanzi, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 ezakhamuzi ezivamile zase-U.S. Ezindaweni ezikude zeNavajo, ngokwesibonelo, imikhaya ingahamba ihambe ihora noma ngaphezulu ukuze ifinyelele enkabeni ye-intanethi. Ngisho nalapho kukhona khona, ukuxhumana kuthatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuqeda i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Ukungabi namagama emigwaqweqweni eminingi kwenza inkinga ibe khona. I-Cubersualbuauaual Bureault ithembele esimisweni esivamile sekheli, kodwa imizi eminingi ihamba ngemigwaqo noma ngemigwaqo enciphileni yonke.

Izwe Nesimo Sezulu Okuye Kwazixazulula Izinselele

Imiphakathi eminingi yamaNadage aseMelika nama-Alaska OMdabu esendaweni ekude kakhulu — kusukela ezindaweni ezinkulu zeNavajo (ezingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-37 000) ukuya emadolobhaneni aqhelile e-Western Alaska atholakala kuphela ngendiza encane noma ngeqhwa. Isimo sezulu esinzima, izikhukhula, nemigwaqo edlulayo ingavimbela abantu ukuba bafinyelele abantu emakhaya phakathi nenkathi ye-Calorion. I-COVOVID-19 ebangele le mpikiswano njengemisebenzi yasensimini noma ibambe imuva. Ngisho nangezinkathi ezivamile, ukuthatha nokulondoloza i-Rocers abazimisele ukuhamba amabanga amade nokuhamba izindawo ezinzima kuyinselele.

Umlando Nezimbangela Zokungathembani

Ukuze kwakhiwe icebo lokufinyelela impumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izenzakalo ezithile ezingokomlando eziye zaguqula imibono yobuzwe yokuthatha inxaxheba ekubaleni abantu. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwabantu e-U.S. kwaqala ngo-1790, kodwa akubalwanga amaNdiya aseMelika ngokungaguquki noma ngendlela ehlonipha ubukhosi bawo. Emashumini eminyaka, abantu bakhona babekhishwa ngokuphelele noma babalwe ngezindlela ezinciphisa inzuzo yezizwe ngokwezombangazwe. Ukubalwa kwabantu ngo-1880, ngokwesibonelo, kwavumela amanxusa ase-Indiya ukuba abike amalungu esizwe ngokuthi "amaNdiya awakhokhiswanga intela" uma ephila ngokungezwani, ewaphika ngokuphumelelayo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ukuhlelwa kwamanani kwakusetshenziswa izikhulu zikahulumeni ukubala izakhiwo zezwe futhi kunqume ukuthi ubani owe "ekhohlakele" — ukuqhuba okubhidliza izwe elivamile nokubusa izwe.

Emlandweni wamuva kakhulu, iU.S. umnyango wezempilo yomphakathi weU.S. kanye neNkonzo yezempilo yaseNdiya yabulala ngempoqo izinkulungwane zabesifazane abavela kwamanye amazwe, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwemvume engokolwazi. Nakuba lokhu kwakungesona isenzo sokubalwa kwabantu, kwasungula inkolelo yokuthi noma yikuphi ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa kukahulumeni kungasetshenziswa ekulweni nezindikimba zabomdabu. Umphumela uyinhlekelele ebangelwa isizukulwane enikeza noma isiphi isicelo sokwaziswa komuntu siqu — kuhlanganise nokubala abantu — ngokufaka imvume enkulu.

Ushintsho Lwezinqubo Zokuqashelwa Kwempucuko

Ukuhlanganyela Nabaholi Besizwe Nabadala

Izindlela zokubala eziphumelela kakhulu ziholwa imiphakathi ngokwayo. Umbuso wesizwe usho ukuthi ohulumeni besizwe banegunya lokunquma ukuthi imisebenzi yokubala abantu iyenzeka kanjani emazweni abo. Ukufinyelela kwezenyukunyu kuvela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni akuvamile ukuphumelela. Kunalokho, ukuthatha isinyathelo kufanele kuqala ngokuhlola izinqumo zesizwe nemikhandlu nabaholi abangokomoya. Izizwe eziningi zidlulisela isinqumo sokusekela ukubalwa kwabantu, ukunikeza uphawu emalungwini omphakathi ukuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Abadala banethonya elikhulu njengabagcini bolwazi namazwi athenjwayo. Zibafaka ithonya elikhulu ekuhleleni imihlangano, izinqumo zokufundisa, nezimemezelo zenkonzo zasobala ziqinisekisa ukuthi imiyalezo idluliselwa ngendlela engokwesiko. I-Cubersualbauniaualtic Trial Cal, esungulwe ngo-2012, idinga ukubophana njalo, kodwa ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zendawo kumelwe ukuba zikhulele ngaphandle kwezimiso zombuso.

Ukukwazi Ukukhuluma Ulimi Nezinto Eziwusizo Ngokwesiko

Ukuhumusha kukodwa akwanele — izinto kumelwe zilungiswe ukuze zibonise isimilo, amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo, nezimpawu zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Census Bureau ye- “Refugement Recoonal Kit,” ekhona ku-2020 Censurebration, ihlanganise imidwebo evela ku-Ivertical Azonds kanye ne-pracrals ezisekelwe ochwepheshe bolimi lwesizwe. Amaqoqo e-Radio kuma-Navajo noma i-Youp'ik, amahholo edolobha anezinhlobisa, kanye neziqondiso ezichaza inqubo yokubalwa kwabantu ngaphandle kokuthembela esiNgisinisweni ebhaliwe. Uma izinto ezibhaliwe zidingeka, kufanele zithuthukiswe izinhlelo zomphakathi. Ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezingokwesiko (kuhlanganisa umphakathi kanye nokuqhubeka kwezindawo) noma izithombe zezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezwezwezwezwe line.

Iqoqo Lemininingwane Yomphakathi Nezimboni Zendawo

Kusukela emphakathini kunamathuluzi okwakha izimali kakhulu. Ababali bamazwe baqonda amasiko endawo, bayazi i-jomenti, futhi bathambekele kakhulu ukwamukelwa emizini. Bangachaza ukubalwa kwabantu ngamagama ajwayelekile nazinkulumo ezihlobene nokufihla imfihlo ngokuqondile. Phakathi nonyaka ka-202020 Cbastics, izizwe eziningi zamisa imigwaqo yazo eyaziwa “I-Complitable Committee" eyaqasha izakhamuzi zendawo njengezishayamthetho. Abanye ohulumeni besizwe babenezindawo zabo zokubala abantu, behlukene nezisebenzi ze-Cencasues Bureaunicas, benikeza amalungu omphakathi ajwayelene ubuso obungasese ukuze aphenduke. Lesibonelo sisiza futhi ekunqobeni imingcele: Imigwaqo yendawo ekwaziyo ukuthi imigwaqo engcolile ihambaphi, leyo imikhaya eye yathutha, futhi lapho ithola khona izindlu ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Ubuchwepheshe Nemithombo Yezindaba Okusekelwe Kuyi - levering

Nakuba inombolo ye-minuber ilinganiselwe, imikhaya eminingi yendabuko inezingcingo zomakhalekhukhwini, futhi izinkonzo zokuthumelelana imiyalezo zingaba ibhuloho. Imiphakathi eminingana yesizwe isebenzisa imikhankaso yokukhumbuza izakhamuzi ngezikhathi zokubala futhi inikeze ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-inthanethi ye-intanethi noma inombolo yocingo. Amasiteji ezokuxhumana anjenge-Facebook kanye ne-Istagram asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikhona, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamalungu amashadilidiyo akhuthaza izihlobo ezindala ukuba zihlanganyele. Iziteshi zomsakazo, ezihlala ziyingxenye eyinhloko yezindaba ezindaweni ezikude, kufanele zibe yisicimbizo esiyinhloko sanoma isiphi isihleli se-midabamu. Izimemezelo zezilimi zendawo, ikakhulukazi ezihambayo, idlalwa, i-mibhake, ifinyelela kubantu abangalokothi bafunde i-posi. Isihluthulelo sokubala isikhulu se-mishi yezinsuku zansuku zonke sisebenza phakathi kweze.

Izisebenzi Eziphumelelayo Zokusekela Ukuhlanganyela

Ukubambisana Kohulumeni Wesizwe Nohulumeni

I-Census Bureau yenze intuthuko emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ukuba ivumelane ngokusemthethweni nohulumeni besizwe. ] i-Bureau’s Tribal Resources ikhasi[ inikeza iziqondiso, i-webinar, kanye nezikhomba-mhlobana zokuxhumana kwesizwe. I-FOBContude Countment Committee — amaqembu akhiwe ngaphambi kokuba kubelwa kwabantu ngabunye — axhumanisa izinselele ngokuqondile ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Ngomjikelezo wama-2030, i-Advoctacy isingaphansi kokwanda kwezentengo yokwenyulo yesizwe futhi i-onke amabhulohothi asiza ukuhlangana konyaka onyaka wonke, hhayi nje phakathi neminyaka yokuhlanganisana kwe-mithelogosa.

Izinhlangano Ezingazuzisi Nezezimali

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-[FLT][FLT] Congress yesizwe yamaNdiya aseMelika (NCAI]) ne i-[FLT]] i-American Rights Fund (NORF)[[FLT][FLT]][FLT]][FLT]] inikeza imithombo ebalulekile yokuhlanganyela ekubaleni inani labantu. I-NaCAI’S Bacroad Bacrobitact iveza alkts, iqhuba ukuqeqeshwa, neziphaka zokuthuthukisa i-Genean Health Institute (UHII) futhi igxile ekubaleni abantu basedolova, abavame ukulahlekelwa ngisho nakwedlula lezo zezindawo eziphakathi kwe-Alansislands ezikhona manje kanye nezinhlanganweni ezisebenza phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinhlane ze-odmindemus eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinyathelo ezihlela izimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi zezezezezenanyathi.

Ukusekela Komoya Wokuzithandela Nokusekela Kwama - Grassroot

Izisekelo zobuPlanthropetic ziye zaqaphela ngokukhula ukubaluleka kokubalwa kwabantu ukuze bathole i-equity. Ku-2020 Creasure, izigidi zamaRandi ezikhokhelwayo zathunyelwa ezinhlanganweni zezizwe ngokubambisana njenge-Census Equity Fund ne-We Count. Nokho, izimali eziqhubekayo ziyadingeka ngalé komjikelezo weminyaka eyishumi. Izinhlelo eziningi zokuthola inani labantu zimiswa ezithatha izinhlelo ngaphambi kokuba ukuba kuqale ukubalwane, ngesikhathi esincane sokwakha noma ukuqasha izisebenzi. Ukutshala isikhathi eside ezisekelwe ezisekelwe ezisekelweni zokwaziswa zomphakathi — njengezindawo zendawo zokuhumusha ulimi, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe bokufunda amanani — zingakhokhiqizwa kuphela ngenxa yemizamo yokukhokha ulwazi oluthenjelwayo.

Izindaba Eziphumelelayo Zemiphakathi Yezizwe

Izibonelo zokuphumelela ekubaleni inani labantu zinikeza izifundo eziwusizo. ENavajo, umzamo omkhulu ngo-2020 wasebenzisa izindlu zezahluko — izakhiwo ezilawulayo — njengezindawo zokudweba. Izikhulu zesahluko zanikeza izinto zokuhamba kubadala, ukudla komphakathi okuphakele, futhi zanikeza usizo oluqondile lokugcwalisa lesi fomu. Izimemezelo zomsakazo kumaNavajo zafinyelela izakhamuzi ezindaweni eziningi. Umphumela waba izinga lokuzilawula ngokwazo, nakuba zazisengaphansi kwesilinganiso somphakathi, zabonisa intuthuko enengqondo ngo-2010.

E-Alaska, isikhungo sasemaphandleni seBethel kanye nemizana ezungeze i-Yup’i yanqoba izithiyo zolimi ngokuveza amavidiyo amafushane achaza ukubalwa kwabantu eYup'i nesiNgisi. Izisebenzi zempilo zendawo, ezazisenabo kakade ubuhlobo obuthembekile nemikhaya, zaqeqeshelwa ukuxoxa ngokubalwa kwabantu phakathi nokuhambela ekhaya. I-Census Bureaucare yabuye yamisa futhi “ukulalela izikhawu lapho abadala babene khona, futhi lezo zikhathi zathonya ngokuqondile indlela imibuzo eyayibekwe ngayo emijikelezweni eyalandela.

IKootenaiFontial eMontana yathatha indlela yokuqala yokubusa: umkhandlu wesizwe wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubaleni abantu kuyisinyathelo sokuzinqumela. Baqasha abadwebi babo futhi basebenzisa i-applet ukuze baqoqe izimpendulo ngisho nasezindaweni ezingenayo i-Internet. Lesibonelo esihloniphekile saveza ukubusa kwesizwe okucishe kuphele yonke imizi efanelekayo.

Ukutuswa Kwenani Lesikhathi Esizayo Nangalé Kwalo

Ukubheka phambili, izinguquko eziningana zokwakha kungathuthukisa ukuthatha isinyathelo. Okokuqala, i-Census Bureau kufanele iqhubeke yandisa inqubo yayo yokuhlola izizwe futhi iyenze ibophelele kunokuba ilande. Okwesibili, isisekelo esihlala njalo “iMelika Ephelele” — unyaka wonke oxhaswe — kungavumela imiphakathi ukuba yakhe amandla kunokuba ihambe ngejubane njalo eshumini leminyaka. Intuthuko ohlwini lwekheli lwezindawo zesizwe kumelwe ibe yindawo yokuqala, isebenzise iziphuphutheki kanye nobudlelwane bendawo kunokuba ithembele eziqondiswe ezithwalisweni zeposi. Okwesine, ukwamukelwa kwezindlela eziningi zokuphendula — kuhlanganise nezindlela zephepha, ucingo, i-inthane, kanye ne-person — kumelwe igcinwe, eduze nezisebenzi zocingo ezinikezelweyo ezikhuluma izilimizwa kakhulu i-Invauni.

Izinguquko ezingokomthetho, njengokunweba isikhathi sokusabela kwezindawo ezikude zesizwe noma ukunikeza ama-pronomeon ahambayo nge-internet, kunganciphisa futhi ama-interconetic internatality. Okokugcina, ubukhosi bemininingwane buwumqondo osanda kuvela wokuthi izizwe eziningi zisekela: ilungelo lokulawula indlela imininingwane yabantu eziqoqwa ngayo, ezigcinwe ngayo, futhi zisetshenziswe. Uma izizwe zinemininingwane yazo, ukuthembela kulenqubo ngokwemvelo kwanda.

Isiphetho

Ukunikeza izibalo ezinembile zemiphakathi yamaNative American nezakhamuzi akuyona nje inselele engokobuchwepheshe — kuyindaba yokukholeka kwezimiso zomthetho, ubulungisa, nokuzihlela. Wonke umuntu ongaqalwanga umelela ukulahlekelwa imali ezikoleni, ekunakekeleni impilo, emigwaqweni, nasezimisweni zokulondoloza impucuko. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususa okungalinganiyo nezwi esimisweni sentando yeningi esincikekile esisekelwe ekuzibonakaliseni. Ngokugxilisa ukuthemba, ubukhosi, nokusebenzisa izinhlangano zesizwe, izinhlangano zesizwe, izinhlangano zezentengo yomphakathi, izinhlangano zezentengobo yemali, nabaxhasi bezimali bangakha ikusasa lapho umuntu ngamunye ovelayo ebonwa, ebalwa khona, ezwini, futhi ezwini. Indlela yangaphambili idinga umzamo oqhubekayo, ukuzithoba ebusweni bomlando obuhlungu, nokubambisana okuqotho kokuzuza ukuhlakanipha kokuhlakanipha kwemiphakathi.