Isisekelo Sezimali Zomphakathi

I-United States Census, eqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, ayiwona nje amanani avamile abantu. Igunya lomthetho-sisekelo elisebenza njengesisekelo sokuhanjiswa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ezimali zikahulumeni unyaka ngamunye. Phakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi zendawo ezixhomeke kulezindawo, imitapo yomphakathi nezindawo zomphakathi zizwela kakhulu ekunembeni kwenani labantu. Lezi zikhungo zinikeza izinkonzo ezibucayi zenza izinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa emsebenzini kusuka ngemva kwemisebenzi yesikole nangemva kokufinyelela kwemisebenzi yamanani emalini kahulumeni unyaka ngamunye. Ukuthi ixhomeke ngokuqondile ezinhlalweni zemali ezakhelwe ngokwemininingwane yezibalo. Lapho imiphakathi ihlelwa, ilahlekelwa ukusekelwa okukhulu kwezimali, okungaholela ekunciphelisweni kwamahora, izisebenzi eziphotha, nokuhlelwa ngemva kwezinhlelo ezibalulekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhomeke ekuboneleni ukuthi kungani abantu abahlala kuyo kuqondakala ukuthi kungani kunezingxenye ezihilelekile.

Indlela Imininingwane Yokubala Eshintsha Ngayo Indlela Yokusebenzisa Uhlelo

Ukwaziswa kobalo kusetshenziselwa ukunikezela imali engaphezu kuka-R2,5 zigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali esetshenziswa uhulumeni unyaka ngamunye, ngokwe- U.S. Bureau. Lezimali ziphuma phakathi kwezinhlelo ezinikezayo, eziningi zazo zisekela ngokuqondile imitapo yezincwadi nezikhungo zomphakathi. Inqubo eyabiwe isebenzisa izibalo zomphakathi, ukusakaza inzuzo, namanani emali, kanye nezinye izilinganiso zomphakathi ezithathwe ekubaleni komphakathi kanye nokuhlola okuhlobene nohlelo lwe-American Community Survey (ACS).

Izinhlelo Zokunikeza Ezincike Ekubaleni

  • Imalier Services and Technology Act (LSTA): Iqondiswa yiNhlangano yeMuziyam neMidiyamu (IMLS), iLSTA inikeza imvume yokusebenzisa izibalo ezikhudlwana zokubalwa kwabantu ukuze kuthole izimali zezwe ngesifundazwe. Lemali isekela yonke into ephuma eqoqweni yezibalo nemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ukukhipha izinhlelo zezokuhlanganisa izakhamuzi ezigciniwe.
  • Community Development Block Grants (CDBG): Umnyango we-U.S. weNdlu yeNdlu yeNdawo ne-Urban Development (HUD) usakaza izimali zeCDBG ezisekelwe endleleni ehlanganisa ubungako bomphakathi, amazinga obumpofu, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezidwetshwe kakhulu emininingwaneni yokubala. Izikhungo zomphakathi zisebenzisa lezi zimvume zokuvuselela, ukuthengwa kwemishini, kanye nezinhlelo zezakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi.
  • Izinhlelo zokudla nezokudla: Yize zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezikole, izinhlelo zokudla ngemva kwesikole ezisezikhungweni zomphakathi zithembele ekwazini ukubala abantu ukuze kufaneleke ukukhokhelwa imbuyiselo kahulumeni. Ubalo olunembile luqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zinganikeza ukudla abantwana abafanele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobumpofu obukhulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isihloko I Emfundo Izimali: izikole ezikanye nezikhungo zomphakathi zezinhlelo ezibanzi zokufunda. Isihloko Izabela, ezixhomeke ekubaleni ubumpofu, zingasekela ngokungaqondile lokhu kubambisana.
  • HHS Services Community Block Grants:[ Lemiphakamo esetshenziswa izikhungo zomphakathi ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokulwa nobumpofu, isakazwa ngokusekelwe ekulinganiseni ubumpofu.

Ubuhlobo buqondile: umkhaya olahlekile kulokhu kubalwa kusho ukuthi izidingo zomphakathi azibonakali kubaxhasi bezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, iMinyango ye- Library ne-technology Act isebenzisa indlela esekelwe emphakathini. [1] Zonke ezinye izakhamuzi ezibalwayo zingaletha izinkulungwane zamaRandi emtatsheni wezincwadi kahulumeni. Imidlalo efanayo ephambili eqopha izikhungo zomphakathi ezithembele ekwabiweni kweCDBG; ukulahlekelwa amakhulu ambalwa kuphela ezakhamuzini kungasho amashumi ezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ekuxhaselweni kwemali eminyakeni eyishumi.

Izinhlelo Ezivamile Zincike Ekubaleni

Izinhlelo eziningi ezithintekayo ngokubalwa kwabantu ziyashaqisa. NgokweHhovisi Lokulandisa likahulumeni wase-U.S., izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezingaphezu kuka-300 zisebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala njengengxenye yezindlela ezizozinika zona. Emitatsheni nasezindaweni zomphakathi, izinhlelo ezithinta kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • I-Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Grants:[ Ngonyaka ka-2022], i-IMLS ikhokhelwa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R3, eziya emitatsheni yezincwadi naseminyuziyamu, ezinezinqubo zikahulumeni eziboshelwe ngokuqondile kubantu. Iwebhusayithi IMLMS [] imininingwane yemali ephumayo ezindaweni zomtapotimethi wemitapo yezwelo, ezithi ezithiza ezindaweni zomtapolayezo zezwe, eziphinde zibuye zikhokhe imali ezindaweni zomtapo.
  • Intuthuko yase-FURDA Rural:[ Izikhungo zomphakathi emaphandleni zingathola iminikelo yokwakha izakhiwo nemishini ngezinhlelo ze-USDA ezixhomeke ezigabeni ezicaciwe zasemaphandleni.
  • I-HID Community Development Block Grants:[ Njengoba kushiwo, lona umthombo oyinhloko wezimali ezikhungweni zomphakathi zangaphakathi. Uhlelo lusebenzisa inani labantu, ubumpofu, nokwaziswa okugcwele kakhulu okuvela ngokubala kanye nase-ACS.
  • ISikhumulo semfundo seNtlanganiso yekhulu lama-21 se-Chwele Lemfundo: Lemali isekela ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole ezivame ukusebenza ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Izindawo ezithatha indawo zisekelwe emininingwaneni yezemfundo yesikole yobumpofu ezisesifundani ezisuselwa ekubaleni.
  • [ IHealth kanye Nezinkonzo Zobuntu (HHS) Inhloko yokuqala: Izikhungo zomphakathi ezingenisa iNhloko ye-Starst ithola izimali ezisekelwe ekubalweni kwabantu ngobumpofu.

Lapho imiphakathi ibona ukwehla kwezinga lokusabela kwababalwa, ukuncipha kwenani kungaqhubeka kulo lonke ishumi leminyaka.

Izinselele Zokubala Okunembile

Naphezu kwezinga elicacile, ukufinyelela inani eliphelele nelinembile labantu kugcwele izithiyo. I-Census Bureau iye yathola imiphakathi eminingana okunzima ukuyibala ngokomlando, kuhlanganise nezingane ezincane, izinhlanga ezimbalwa, imikhaya engenisa imali ephansi, izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni, nabantu abangenamakhaya. Lamaqembu futhi asengozini enkulu yokuthembela emitatsheni yezincwadi yomphakathi nasezikhungweni zomphakathi ukuze athole izinkonzo ezibalulekile.

Izithiyo Eziyinhloko Zokuhlanganyela

  • Ulwimi kanye nolimi lwezikhombi: I-insense ebuzwayo ikhona ngezilimi eziyi-12, kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi zikhuluma izilimi ezivamile noma zingafundile kakhulu. Amathala avame ukusiza abantu abanolwazi olulinganiselwe lwesiNgisi, kodwa ngaphandle kokuzifunela, izikhulumi ezingamaNgilandi zingakuyeka ngokuphelele ukubala.
  • I-Display of Government: Ukungabi nabulungisa okungokomlando] − njengokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kokubala abantu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ukuveza amaJapane alungele ukufakwa ("-panment"") aye adala ukungathembani okujulile. Iziphakamiso zamuva zokunezela umbuzo wesizwe, nakuba ekugcineni zingahlanganisiwe ngo-2020, okunye ukwethembana kwemiphakathi yabafuduki.
  • Digal Digaliation: Izibalo zamashumi amabili ezikhangisiwe zaphawulwa okokuqala ukuba kuxoxwe ngazo zingaqeda ifomu ku-inthanethi. Nokho, izigelekeqe eziningi eziphansi nemikhaya yasemaphandleni ayinakho ukukhomba kokwethembeka noma ukufunda nge-mitayela. Imitapo yomphakathi yayinikezwa amacomputer nosizo, kodwa leyo micebo yayilinganiselwe ngemisebe ewumqedazwelo nangamandla.
  • Privtacy Consurects:[ Ngisho nangesivikelo esinamandla sikahulumeni, ukwesaba ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa nomthetho ogunyaziwe noma izinhlangano zokufuduka kuyaqhubeka. Izindlela ezintsha ze-Census Bureaunicas ezihlukile, kuyilapho zivikela ukusabela komuntu ngamunye, nazo ziye zabangela ukudideka.
  • Iphepha lokuqaphelisa: Izakhamuzi eziningi aziqondi ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala abantu kuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke. Zingase zingaqapheli ukuthi ukugcwalisa lefomu kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusekela kwemali ngesikhathi sendaba yomtapo wezincwadi wazo wendawo noma uhlelo lokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi lwezikhungo zomphakathi.

Imiphumela yale migoqo ingabekezeleka. Imiphumela yenani labantu abangu-2020 yabhekana nezinselele ezinkulu: ukubala izingane ezincane (iminyaka engu-0-4) kwakucishe kube ngamaphesenti amahlanu, ngokwezibalo ze-Cuensus Bureaunity. Inani labantu abamnyama nabanstiki nalo lancipha, nakuba lingaphansi kunango-2010. Imiphakathi ethembele ekuxhaseni imali ngemali eyodwa, lezi zintengo zilahlekelwa yimali iminyaka eyishumi.

Amasu Okwandisa Ingxenye

Imitapo yezincwadi nezikhungo zomphakathi zinezikhundla ezikhethekile zokulwa nokungabali kakhulu ngoba ziyizinhlangano ezithenjwayo ezisezindaweni ezikhonza kuzo. Eziningi kakade zisebenza njengamahange omphakathi, zinikeza i-inthanethi yokungena, izindawo zokuhlangana, nezinkonzo ezibalulekile. Ukukhokha leli themba kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlanganyela ngokubala.

Ukufika Kwezikhangiso

  • Ingxenye namaKomiti e-Censure’s Complete Councial Bureau: Lamaqembu okuzithandela asendaweni ahlela ukufinyelela ngaphandle. Amathala nezindawo zomphakathi zingangenisa imihlangano, zihambise izinto, futhi zikhonze njengezindawo ezimisiwe zosizo, ngokuvamile kubhekiselwe kuzo ngokuthi ama-QACs (Izikhungo ze-QAC) noma ama-Beeviedient.
  • Sebenzisa Izithunywa ezithenjiwe: nezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezibonisa inani labantu emphakathini zingadlulisela imiyalezo yokubalwa kwabantu ngendlela engokwesiko. Ngokwesibonelo, abaxhasi bemitapo yezincwadi ebhalwe kabili bangasiza abaxhasi abakhuluma iSpanishi ukuba baqede le fomu, kuyilapho izisebenzi zesikhungo zomphakathi zingachaza imithetho yemininingwane yezindaba eziyimfihlo kubantu abangabazayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Inte Censunts Outreeting in Services ezikhona: Uma umphehli eboleka incwadi noma izibhalisa zohlelo, izisebenzi zingakhuluma kafushane ngokubalwa. Okuncane kubangela "njenge-injini ehlolayo", isigcini-skrini sekhompuyutha, noma isikhumbuzo esisheshayo phakathi nesikhathi sendaba [1] sebenzisa umyalezo ngendlela ejwayelekile.
  • Izinto ezitholakalayo nezifinyelelekayo: Ngalé kwemisebenzi engokomthetho yobukhulu be-Cubrary Bureau, imitapo ingakha iziqondisi ezenziwe lula ngezilimi eziningi, izinguqulo ezinkulu zokunyathelisa, namavidiyo ngencazelo yolimi lwezandla. Izikhungo zomphakathi zingafaka iziqephu zokwaziswa nabahumushi.
  • Access ye-Digital Access:[ phakathi neminyaka yokubalwa kwabantu, amalayibhulali angandisa amahora omphakathi futhi anikeze usizo olulodwa-lodwa. Izikhungo zomphakathi zingaboleka amaphilisi noma amachashaza ashisayo ahambayo kubaxhasi abangenayo i-intanethi yocingo ekhaya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bangahlanganyela ku-inthanethi.
  • Izama ukuphatha i-Hard-toore-bala: imizamo ehloselwe izingane ezincane (ngokuvamile ilahlekile ekubaleni abantu), abantu abangenamakhaya, nemikhaya esemaphandleni ibalulekile. Imishini yokushaya ucingo, imikhankaso yeminyango yezisebenzi zokuzithandela zomphakathi, kanye nezikole zingasiza.
  • I-Emphasize Askcy and Security: Ukuxhumana okucacile, okusobala ngesivikelo se-13] okuvimbela i-Census Bureau ekuhlanganyeleni imininingwane yomuntu siqu nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni]. Amalayibhuli angafaka izindawo zobumfihlo futhi achaze ukuthi ulwazi lungachazwa kanjani.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala: Indima Yemitapo Emitapo Ebaloni Bama - 2020

Phakathi no-2020 Census, imitapo eminingi yomphakathi yafeza indima ebalulekile naphezu kobhadane lwe-COVID-19. INhlangano ye-American Library (AL) yanikeza amathuluzi nokuqeqesha. E-Texas, i-Houston Public Library ehambisana ne-Complete Councial Committee ukuze ithole iziqephu zosizo. ENew York, i-Brooklyn Public Library yabiza amakhulu emikhaya ukuba iwakhumbuze ukuba aphendule. [[FLT: 0] Ikhasi lokubala lokubala [ Izincwadi ze-Openthi ezisebenza nezincwadi zezindawo eziphethe i-Complication Cooperation Commesting [ist Com]

Izikhungo zomphakathi zaphumelela ngendlela efanayo. EChicago, izikhungo ezazihlangene ne-Local Initives Sfuvice Corporation (LISC) zaguqula indawo yazo yokupaka izimoto ngezimoto ngezindawo zosizo lwabantu, zasakaza izibhebhe nokunikeza uWi-Fi. Lemizamo yotshani yasiza ekuthokozeni izimoto ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abambalwa ngokuhlanganyela komlando.

Umphumela Ezinhlanganweni Zomphakathi

Lapho ukuthatha isinyathelo sokubala inani labantu sekunamandla, ukuxhaswa kwezimali eziya emitatsheni nasezindaweni zomphakathi kungashintsha izindawo ezizungezile.

Izinzuzo Eziqondile Zokubalwa Okunembile

  • Izindawo ezinwetshiwe namahora okuphatha: ngokwezimali okungaguquguquki, imitapo ingahlala ivulekile kusihlwa nangezimpelasonto, ikhonza imikhaya esebenzayo. Izikhungo zomphakathi zingaqasha abaphathi bezezimali abengeziwe ukuze baxhumane nezakhamuzi nezinkonzo zomphakathi.
  • Izibalo eziqondile ziholela ekunikezeni izakhiwo ezibanzi, amaklabhu omphakathi, nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe bokufunda. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, lokhu kungavala igebe lobubanzi, kunikeze ukufinyelela kwe-telemedicine kanye namakhono okufunda akude.
  • Izinhlelo zohlelo: Ukuxhasa ukuxhasa ukuxhasa ukuxhasa amakilasi e-ESL, ukululeka ngomsebenzi, imisebenzi yakudala, nezinhlelo zentsha. Izikhungo zomphakathi zinganikeza amakamu asehlobo nezinhlangano zezemidlalo ezingase zinqanyulwe.
  • Intuthuko yokwehla kwamandla: Inhloko - dolobha inikeza imvume yokulungisa izakhiwo ezase zigugile, ukuhlanganisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile, ukufakwa kwezimiso ezisebenzisa amandla, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinikezelwe zokufunda ekuqaleni kobuntwana.
  • I-Disaster Linglednes:[ imitapo yomphakathi ivame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokupholisa lapho kunamaza okushisa noma izikhungo eziphuthumayo phakathi neziphepho. Ukuxhasa imininingwane yomphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi banamandla okusekela, ukudla, nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe.

Imiphumela Yomphakathi Ohlala Isikhathi Eside

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi imitapo yezincwadi ethandwa kakhulu nezikhungo zomphakathi ivumelana nemiphumela engcono yemfundo, amazinga obugebengu aphansi, nokubambisana kwezenhlalo okunamandla. Ukuhlola kwe-Urban Literars Council kwathola ukuthi wonke amaRandi afakwe emitatsheni yezincwadi yomphakathi abuyela ku-R3,5 emoyeni wezomnotho. Ngokufanayo, izikhungo zomphakathi zinciphisa ukuzihlukanisa futhi zithuthukisa imiphumela yempilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala nabasebasha abathola imali ephansi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukubala kuphikelela, umonakalo uyanda. Amalayibhulali anganciphisa izimali zawo eziqoqiwe, asule izikhokhelo zezincwadi, noma asule abaqondisi bezikhongozelo. Izikhungo zomphakathi zingavala ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ziqede uhlelo lwangemva kwesikole olugcina izingane ziphephile. Lokhu kugawula ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kuthinta inani eliqinile eliye lancipha kakade. Umjikelezo ubuye uphindekeze: inkonzo enciphisa ukwethenjwa, okuholela ngisho nasekutheni izingane zingeneni kancane ekubaleleni inani labantu.

Isiphetho: Ukusabela Ngakunye Kuqinisa Umphakathi

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuyisenzo somphakathi esihlangene esinquma ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo nempahla iminyaka eyishumi. Emitatsheni yezincwadi yomphakathi nasezikhungweni zomphakathi, umehluko onembile uphakathi kokuchuma nokulwa. Lezi zinhlangano azizuzisi nje kuphela imininingwane yokubalwa kwabantu; futhi zingabangane ababalulekile ekufinyeleleni isilinganiso esiphelele. Ngokuqonda ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kwamazinga athatha iqhaza nemali etholwayo, imiphakathi ingahlomela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshiywe.

Ukuxhasa imitapo yezincwadi nezikhungo zomphakathi akunawo umthelela; kuyindlela yokutshala imfundo, impilo, namathuba. Lokho kutshala imali kuqala ngenyathelo elilodwa: ukugcwalisa inani labantu. Ubalwa ngalunye luyincwadi yomtapo wezincwadi ethengiwe, uhlelo lwesikhungo somphakathi olusungulwe, ingane yaphiwe. Ukubalwa kwabantu okulandelayo kusele iminyaka embalwa kuphela. Manje yisikhathi semitapo yezincwadi, izikhungo zomphakathi, kanye nabaphathi babo ukuba balungiselele ukuthembana, ukunweba, ukuqinisekisa isimiso esiphathelene nawo wonke umuntu.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlela umtapo wakho noma isikhungo somphakathi ongahileleka ngayo, vakashela i- Census Bureau yohlelo lwe-2030 lwekhasi lokubhala u- noma Urban Institute yokuhlola kwemiphumela yendawo [.