Okwenza Ukunakekela Impilo Kwendawo Kuthathe Isinyathelo Esibaluleke Kakhulu Kunanini Ngaphambili

Izinhlelo zezempilo ezisekelwe e-Community ziye zasuka ekubeni yi-produal ́totó à insika ebucayi yempilo yomphakathi. Ngokungafani nezimiso zombuso noma zikahulumeni eziphezulu, izinyathelo zokunakekela impilo zendawo ziklanyelwe ukusabela emananini ayingqayizivele, emikhubeni engokwesiko, nasezindaweni ezizimele zendawo. Zihlangana nabantu lapho behlala khona, besebenza khona, futhi badlale khona, okuyisizathu esisenza baphumelele ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yidolobha lasemaphandleni elingenayo isibhedlela esiphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-50 noma indawo ehlala abantu ababhekene nezinga eliphakeme le-asimayela nesifo sikashukela, inyathelo okuthatha isinyathelo sokunikeza ukunakekelwa okufike ngesikhathi, okufanelekile, futhi okutholakalayo.

ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sekuyisikhathi eside iqaphela ukuthi ukungenela komphakathi kunganciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwempilo ngamaphesenti angu-40 lapho kusetshenziswa kahle. Ngokugxila ekuvimbeleni, imfundo, nokubambisana, lezinhlelo zisingatha izimbangela kunokumane nje izimpawu. Zinika izakhamuzi amandla okulawula inhlalakahle yazo, okubangela ushintsho oluhlala njalo lwesimilo futhi kunciphise umthwalo emagunjini okuphuthumayo nasezindaweni zokunakekela iziguli eziphuthumayo.

Izimiso Zomkhomo Ezisekela Izinhlelo Zempilo Ephumelelayo Zomphakathi

Ukuqonda lezi zimiso eziyisisekelo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohileleke ekuhleleni, ekusekeleni noma ekusekeleni izinhlelo ezinjalo.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Njengokungalawuleki

Izinhlelo eziklanywe ngaphandle kosizo lwabantu abasebenza kubo zivame ukulahlekelwa uphawu. Ukuthembisana kwangempela kusho ukwenza imihlangano yehholo lasedolobheni, ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa ngezilimi eziningi, nokusebenza nabaholi bendawo abathenjwayo njengabefundisi, othisha besikole, nezinkampani zendawo. Uma amalungu omphakathi esiza ekulolongeni inyathelo lokuqala, maningi kakhulu amathuba okusebenzisa izinkonzo zawo futhi akhuthaze abanye ukuba benze kanjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokuvimbela isifo sikashukela eNingizimu Texas, kwabona ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-60 ekuhlanganyeleni ngemva kokuba ogogo bendawo bebodwa njengamanxusa esimiso.

Ukuhlobana Kwamaqembu

Ayikho inhlangano eyodwa engaxazulula izinselele zempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi iyodwa. Imishini ephumelelayo yokunakekela impilo yomphakathi, iminyango yezempilo, izikole, abaqashi, amaqembu asekelwe okholweni, futhi ngisho neziphathimandla zokuhamba. Umthola-khaya osebenza endaweni ethola imali ephansi uyophumelela kuphela uma uxhumanisa amasonto endawo ukuze athole indawo yokupaka imoto, idolobha ukuze lithole imvume, nebhange lokudla lokuthenga ukudla ngezindawo ezingcono zomphakathi. I-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Healthsalcial igcizelela ukuthi ukuhlangana komphakathi womphakathi kungumsekelo womsebenzi wezempilo oqinile.

Ukwenza Isinqumo Esinemininingwane

Imisebenzi yokuziphilisa ayinandawo empilweni yomphakathi yanamuhla. Izindlela eziphumelelayo zendawo ziqoqa futhi zihlaziye ukwaziswa okuzothola izingozi zempilo eziza kuqala, ithonya lezinhlelo, kanye nokulungisa izindlela zokuhlola impilo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kwezempilo komphakathi okuhlanganisa amarekhodi empilo, imininingwane yokubala, nemiphumela yokuhlola kwendawo kungathola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezinamazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuncibilika komfutho wegazi ongalawuleki.

Ukutholakala Nokufaneleka

Ngisho nohlelo olungcono kakhulu olumisweyo alunamsebenzi uma abantu bengakwazi ukulufinyelela noma ukukhokhela lona. Ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphumelelayo kususa izithiyo ngokunikeza izindleko ze-scaencale, kusihlwa nangezimpelasonto, izinkonzo zokuhumusha, nezindawo eziseduze nokuthutha komphakathi. Abaningi futhi bahlanganisa izindlela zocingo zokuhamba ngemva kokuhambela kwe-249, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuhamba nesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ukuhlola okwakhishwa [ku- Izindaba zezempilo zomphakathi [ kwathola ukuthi izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi zanikeza ukuncipha okungamaphesenti angu-25 ekuhambeleni okuphuthuma okuphuthumayo phakathi kweziguli ezinezimo eziphuthumayo namahlala njalo.

Izibonelo Zangempela Zezwe Zokunakekela Impilo Yasendaweni

Ngaphesheya kwe - United States, izinhlelo eziningi ziye zabonisa ukuthi isenzo sokucabangela sendawo singayithuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yempilo.

Izimoto Ezihambayo Esibhedlela EMontana Esemaphandleni

Izibalo ezikude zaseMontana zibhekene nendlala enkulu edinga ukunakekelwa. I-Big Sky Sky Health Project ithumela izinqola ezimbili ezihlonyiswe ngokugcwele ezijikeleza emadolobheni amancane angu-15. Iveni ngayinye iphethe udokotela ongumhlengikazi, isisebenzi sezempilo somphakathi, nemishini ye-telemedicine. Zinikeza izivivinyo zokuvikela, ukunqanda izifo ezingapheli, kanye nokwelashwa ngengqondo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, leli cebo lanciphisa izinga lokuhlala esibhedlela esingenakuvinjelwa ngamaphesenti angu-18 emiphakathini ehlanganyela. Impumelelo yale simiso senze yanwebeka iWyoming neNorth Dakota.

Izisebenzi Zezempilo Zomphakathi (CHWs) EUrban Chicago

I-West Chicago Side iyikhaya lamanye amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okulaliswa esibhedlela sesifuba somoya ezweni. I-West Side Asthma Partnership iqeqesha izakhamuzi zendawo ukuba zibe amaCHW asemthethweni avakashela amakhaya futhi afundise imikhaya indlela yokunciphisa izimpawu ezinjengokhunta, intuthu yothuli, nentuthu esukile. I-CHWs isiza futhi imikhaya ifaka isicelo somshuwalense, ukumiswa kwadokotela, nokuthola i-purifrif. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ukuhambela okuphuthuma okuhlobene ne-asmaccer kwehla ngamaphesenti angu-35 phakathi kwemikhaya ebhalisile. Inhlangano yesizwe yempilo manje isebenzisa loluhlelo njengohlelo lokuhlola umphakathi ngenqubo lokuphatha izifo zamahlala njalo.

Izinhlelo Zobumnandi Emphakathini Wokholo WaseNingizimu Carolina

Isebenzisana ne-Medical University of South Carolina, iqoqo lamasonto angaphezu kuka-200 lasungula i- “Dokethy Thostry,” ukuthatha isinyathelo esisekelwe okholweni esihlanganisa amakilasi okudla okunomsoco, amaqembu ahambayo, nokuhlolwa komfutho wegazi. Lo hlelo luhlotshiswe ngokwesiko, nezindlela zokupheka ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithakwayo nakwezinqubo zokuvivinya ezisekela abantu abadala. Abathathi-nxaxheba babona ukuncishiswa okuvamile komfutho wegazi wamamilimitha angu-8 Hg ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi uhlelo luye lwaqashelwa yi-American Heart Association njengesibonelo sokuhlanganisa abantu abadala baseAfrika.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezisongela Izwe Elidala

Ukubona lezi zinselele zisencane futhi zihlelelwe zona kubalulekile ekwakheni izinhlelo ezihlala njalo.

Ukulahlekelwa

Izinhlelo eziningi zezempilo zomphakathi zisebenza ngezivumelwano zikahulumeni ezimfutshane noma unyaka . Lapho imijikelezo yezimali iphela ngokushesha, izisebenzi ziyasuswa, izinkonzo ziyaphela, futhi ukwethembana kuyaphela. Ngokwesibonelo, umthola-khaya ohamba ngemoto ophumelelayo eKentucky esemaphandleni waphoqeleka ukuba uvale ngemva kwemvume kahulumeni weminyaka emithathu edlule ayivuselelwanga, ishiya izinkulungwane zezingane ezingenakho ukukwazi ukufinyelela ekuvimbeleni. Imishini exhasa imali ivame ukudinga ukuzuza imali engenisa imali engenisa imali engenisa imali eninzi — ukuhlanganisa iminikelo yomphakathi, iminikelo yangasese, izinkokhezelo zemishuwalense, nokuthola inzuzo emishuwashini yemali ezinkonzweni.

Ukuqapha Ngesinye Isikhathi Nokuhlanganyela

Kuyinto evamile ukuba umbukiso wempilo ekhululekile noma umjovo udwebe ingxenye encane yesixuku esilindelekile. Izakhamuzi zingase zingayiqapheli inkonzo, zingabaza izisusa zayo, noma zimane zimatasa kakhulu ukuba zibe khona. Ukunqoba lenselele kudinga ukuthatha indawo enzima, engokwesiko: ukuvala umnyango wendlu, ukuhlangana nemithombo yezindaba yendawo, izimemezelo zezenzakalo zomphakathi, nemiyalezo edluliselwa ngamazwi athenjwayo. Emiphakathini yabafuduki, izingxoxo ezifingqiwe namatilosi bezempilo abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuvamile ziveza ukuhileleka okukhulu kakhulu kunezokukhangisa abasha abashayeli bezindiza noma imithombo yezindaba.

Ukuswelakala Kwamandla

I-United States ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kochwepheshe bezempilo, ikakhulukazi ekunakekeleni okuyinhloko nasempilweni yengqondo. Izindawo zasemaphandleni nezingaphakathi zithinteka kakhulu. Izindlela zendawo zivame ukuncika engxenyeni yehora noma izisebenzi zokuzithandela, okuholela ekuxazululeni izinga lenkonzo eliguquguqukayo nokutubeka. Ezinye izinhlelo ziye zasabela ngokuqeqesha abantu abavamile njengabaqeqeshi bezempilo, ama-doula, nochwepheshe abasekela ontanga, bavumele ochwepheshe ukuba bagxile ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye basebenzisa i-telehealth ukuze baxhumane neziguli ezisenkingeni elingamakhulukhulu amakhilomitha.

Izithiyo Zempucuko Nezolimi

Imiyalezo yempilo nezinkonzo ezizishaya indiva izinkolelo zamasiko noma ukuhluka kolimi akunampumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwemfundo kashukela oluthatha bonke abathatha igalelo lokudla ukudla okuvamile kwaseNtshonalanga luyohluleka emphakathini lapho ukudla okungokwesiko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Izindlela eziphumelelayo ezisetshenziswa ekuhumusheni, ziqasha izisebenzi ezibonisa izinhlobonhlobo zomphakathi, kanye nezisebenzisa izinto ezivumelana namasiko endawo. Izindinganiso ze-National Culturally and Linguanstical Divisions (CLAS) zinikeza uhlelo oluwusizo ekwenzeni lomsebenzi kahle.

Imikhuba Exubile Ezothonya Iminyaka Eyishumi Elandelayo Yezempilo Yomphakathi

Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yendawo kushintsha ngokushesha. Amathuluzi amasha, ukushintsha kwenani labantu nezifundo ezitholakala emqedazweni we-COVID 16) kuwumklamo oshaqisayo. Ukuqonda lezi zimo kungasiza imiphakathi ukuba ilungiselele ikusasa.

ITelehealth Nokuhlolwa Kwakude

Ukunakekelwa okungokoqobo kwagqashuka phakathi nobhadane futhi kwahlala kuyinto engenakungatshazwa, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni izimo ezingamahlalakhona. Izindlela zendawo manje zisetshenziswa ama-cfs omfutho wegazi wasekhaya, ama-glucometer, kanye nama-opimeter athumela ukwaziswa ngokuqondile kumhlengikazi noma isisebenzi sezempilo somphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela ama-chekel cell ngaphandle kokufuna uhambo. Uhlelo lwasemaphandleni e-Alabamany oluhlanganisa ucingo lwamasonto onke nocingo oluvela kumbonisi wezempilo lwabona intuthuko emaphesenti angu-2 ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi phakathi kweziguli ezinohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Izimpawu Ezibikezelayo Nezinhlayiya Zempilo Zomphakathi

Abaqondisi bemininingwane manje bavumela iminyango yezempilo yendawo ukuba ilandele ukuqubuka kwezifo, iphawule inani labantu ngezidingo ezingahleleki, futhi iqoqo lemithombo. Ngokwesibonelo, iLos Angeles County Department of Public Health isebenzisa ibhodi langempela elithatha isikhathi esiyi-6201 elibala ukungalondeki kokudla, ukungahleleki kwezindlu, nezinga lokuhlala elingapheli ngepheshana lokubala abantu. Lapho igagasi lokushisa ligadla ngo-2022, ibhodi le-crackboard yasiza amaqembu ukuba adonse izikhungo zokupholisa kanye nokuhlola kahle ezingosini ezisengozini kakhulu.

Ukuqinisa Ubuhlobo Bomphakathi

Abaqashi abakhulu, izinkampani zomshuwalense, nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe batshala imali empilweni yomphakathi njengengxenye yemithwalo yabo yemfanelo yezenhlala-khaya kanye namasu empilo yomphakathi. EColumbus, Ohio, umfela-nye we-Nationalunide Children’s Hospital, umnyango wezempilo wendawo, kanye ne-inshorensirrrr waxhasa “izindlu ezingcono” uhlelo olunikeza amabhokisi akhululekile esifuba sofuba kanye nokulungisa amakhaya emikhaya ehlwile kakhulu. Ukubuya kokutshala imali akutholanga nje kuphela esibhedlela kodwa futhi nakunciphelweni yokungasebenzi emabhizinisini endawo.

Ukuklanywa Nokwakhiwa Kwemizila

Kunokuqashelwa okukhulayo kokuthi impilo ilolongwa ngaphezu kokunakekela kwezokwelapha. Ezinye izenzakalo zobuntwana ezibuhlungu, ukungahleleki kwezindlu, ukungalondeki kokudla, kanye nokuchayeka ebudloveni konke kunezela emiphumeleni empilweni ebuthakathaka. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zendawo kuqala ukwamukela ilens exhwalile eqinile, izisebenzi eziqeqeshayo ukuqaphela izimpawu zokukhubazeka futhi zisabele ngozwela kunokuba zihlulele. Ezinye izinhlelo manje zinikeza usizo olungokomthetho oluqinile, ukuqeqesha, noma usizo ngezindleko eziwusizo eziwusizo eziseceleni kwezempilo — umfanekiso owaziwa ngokuthi “ubuhlungu nobulungisa obuhambisana nobulungisa.”

Indlela Yokuqala Noma Yokuqinisa Isinyathelo Sokunakekela Impilo Endaweni

Kubaholi bomphakathi, abaphathi bezempilo, noma izakhamuzi ezikhathazekile ezifuna ukuqala noma ukuvuselela isimiso, kunezinyathelo eziqinile ezandisa amathuba empumelelo.

  • Ufaka umnyango wempilo yomphakathi odinga ukuhlolwa. Umngane weyunivesithi yendawo noma umnyango wezempilo wokuqoqa ukwaziswa ngezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu. Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa, amaqembu aphambili, nezibalo ezikhona.
  • [ ufaka futhi uqashelwe abantu abazosebenza nabo kusenesikhathi. Lungela izibhedlela, imitholampilo, izikole, amaqembu okholo, izinzuzo, nohulumeni wendawo.
  • Isayinisa uhlelo nomphakathi, hhayi ngenxa yayo. Izindawo zokusebenzela lapho izakhamuzi zibona khona izinto eziza kuqala futhi zisiza ekuklameni izixazululo. Isiqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhola kuhlanganisa abantu abasuselwayo.
  • Seketha imali ehlukahlukene, ethatha iminyaka engu-49. Faka imali kahulumeni (umzk., HRSA, CDC), funa ukusekelwa kwesisekelo, futhi uhlole inkokhelo kuMedicaid kanye nezingcelo zangasese zezinkonzo zokuvimbelela.
  • Ukuqeqesha nokusekela izisebenzi. Imali ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi, abaxhumanisi bezokungena, nezisebenzi ze-patting.
  • [[[NTL:0] Imiphumela yokuthola nokuxhumana. Isihluthulelo somkhondo njengenani lokufunda esibhedlela, ukwaneliseka kweziguli, kanye nokukhokha imali egciniwe. Hlanganisa izindaba zempumelelo nabaphathi bemali nomphakathi ukuze wakhe amandla.
  • I-pal yokusekela kusukela ngosuku olulodwa. Yakha amasu okubuyisela, iveze imifudlana esebenzayo, futhi ihlakulele isisekelo sokuzithandela esinamandla ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukusekela izikhala zezulu.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Impilo Yomphakathi Iyibhizinisi Lawo Wonke Umuntu

Izindlela zokunakekela impilo zendawo zingaphezu kakhulu kwenethi lokuvikela — ziyimishini yokuvimbela, yokulinganisela, nokuzivumelanisa. Uma umphakathi uhlangana ukuze ubhekane nezinselele zempilo yawo, izinzuzo eziphumela ngaphandle: ukuhambela okuphuthumayo okuncane, izindleko zezempilo eziphansi, izisebenzi ezikhiqiza kakhulu, nezibopho zomphakathi eziqinile. Izinhlelo ezingcono azibekwanga zisuka phezulu kodwa zikhule zisuka phakathi, zibunjwe yibo kanye abantu abakhonzayo.

Njengoba isimiso sokunakekela impilo siqhubeka sishintshela ekunakekeleni okuphansi nasekuqondiseni impilo yabantu, ukutshala izindleko zomsebenzi endaweni kuhlakaniphile futhi kuyadingeka. Ohulumeni bombuso, izisekelo ezizimele, nezimiso zezempilo konke kunendima okumelwe kuyifezile ekunikezeni imithombo yemali nasekususeni imingcele. Kodwa umsebenzi wangempela — ubuhlobo, ukwethemba, ukunakekela kosuku lwezinsuku ezingama-33to666 — kwenzeka emhlabeni, ezindaweni ezizungezile nasemadolobhaneni lapho abantu behlala khona. Ngokusekela lemizamo, sidala ikusasa elingcono, elifaneleke kakhulu kubo bonke abantu.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu, iNhlangano ye-National Health Centers inikeza iziqondisi eziqondiswe ekuqaliseni izinhlelo zomphakathi. ICDC’s [ Commony Health Propution Navigator [[FLT:]] inikeza amathuluzi okuhlela nokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation isakaza ukucwaninga ngempilo [ impucuko yempilo [[FLT:]] ngokuhlola okwenziwa endaweni.[FLT:]