Ukuqonda Isisekelo Sokukhulumisana Okuqinile

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nabasizi bejaji kuyisisekelo secala elilungile lomphakathi. Abaqondisi bacelwa ukuba bathathe izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho, balinganise ubufakazi obuphikisanayo, futhi benze izinqumo ezinemiphumela yangempela kumaphathi ahilelekile. Nokho ijaji elivamile alinakho ukuqeqeshwa okungokomthetho futhi lingalwisana namagama anzima, izenzakalo ezithatha isikhathi eside, noma ukucwaswa okucashile. Ukuwaqondisa esinqumweni esilungile, abameli nabahluleli kumelwe babeke phambili, inhlonipho, nozwela kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Lesi sihloko sinweba sinwebe emikhubeni eyisisekelo izazi ezingo ezingokomthetho ezingasebenzisa ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kojur, ukuthembisa, nokuthemba phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala komphakathi.

Lapho ukuxhumana kuwohloka, abasizi bejaji bangadideka, badideke, noma bacasuke. Imali efinyelelwe elulaza ubuqotho benqubo yokuhlola. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi abagcini bejaji ababuqonda ubufakazi nemiyalo ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba baphumelele futhi bafinyelele isinqumo esicacisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Center for State Courts [ umbiko wezinkantolo [[FLT]] ekuqondeni komqambiso ocacile [ukuthi juorfy] bafumanise ukuthi iziyalezo ezicacile kanye nolimi olulula kakhulu ukwenza isinqumo. Ngokufanayo, i-American Bat Association's comments comments provicess provices [[FLct:3]] iqokomisa yokunciphisa izimpawu zomthetho ukuze kuqiniseke ngokulunga-mthetho.

Kusukela ekumangalelweni okunzima kuya ekumangalweni kokugcina, zonke izingxenye zecala zinikeza amathuba okuthuthukisa ukukhulumisana okungcono.

Ukuqonda Imiqondo Ebuhlungu

Abakhokhi abakhomba izenzakalo ezingekho ngaphandle, baletha umlando womuntu siqu, izizinda zempucuko, ubandlululo olucacile, namazinga ahlukahlukene emfundo ebhokisini labahluleli. Ukuvuma lokhu kuhlukahluka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Ama-attorney namajaji kumelwe aqaphele ukuthi lokho okubonakala kusobala kuchwepheshe ongokomthetho kungaba lukhuni noma kudida umsizi.

Ukuhlukahluka Kwezibalo Nesiyalo

Ukuhlola okuvela ku- isikhungo sokusebenza kwengqondo yabahluleli [ kubonisa ukuthi izici ezinjengeminyaka yobudala, umsebenzi, kanye nolwazi lwangaphambili lwesimiso somthetho zihlela indlela abagcini-justery abasebenzisa ngayo ulwazi. Asebekhulile bangawazisa amasu ombukiso kamdlandla, kuyilapho abasebasha abajaji bengase baphendule kahle ngezinsiza zokubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagcini bemali abanamanani aphansi okufunda bangalwa ngezincwadi ezibhaliwe noma iziyalezo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-Attroney kumelwe alungise ulimi lwabo kanye nezinto zokubona ukuze bahlalise lolu hlu.

I - bias Ephelele Nethonya Layo

Umthetho ngamunye uphatha ubandlululo olungekho olwazini olubunjwe umphakathi, imithombo yezindaba, nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Phakathi nohambo lwe-voir olunzima, olukhulunyelwe ngokucophelela lungaveza ubandlululo ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa abameleli abazoba yijaji. Uma ukuqulwa kwecala kuqalwa, abameli kufanele bagweme ulimi olubangela ukubheka izinto ngokungeyikho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuchaza iqembu njenge “ kumakhelwane ononya i ” noma ufakazi onjengo &lquo; emoration ” angase anikeze imibono engafanele. Kunalokho, inikeza ubufakazi futhi ivumela amaqiniso ukuba akhulume. Umahluleli futhi angadlala indima enikezwa yizingqapheli efundisayo ukuba abeke eceleni ubandlululo nomthetho.

Ukunakekela Okukhulu Nokukhathala

Ukulingwa kwangaphakathi kunganwebeka izinsuku noma amasonto. Ukunaka kuyancipha, ikakhulukazi phakathi nobufakazi obungabuphathi noma imibukiso ephindaphindwayo. Ukucwaninga kwezemfundo kusikisela ukuthi abantu abadala abaningi bangahlala benakile isikhathi esingangaphezu kwemizuzu engu 20-30 ngesikhathi. Ukumelana nalokhu, abameli kufanele bahlukahlukane ngokunikeza kwabo ubufakazi obubodwa nobufakazi obubonisayo, bathathe ikhefu elifushane, futhi bafushanise amaphuzu ayinhloko ngezikhathi ezithile. Umahluleli angasiza ngokulawula isimiso sokuhlola ukuze agweme izikhawu zesikhathi eside, esinemali.

Izindlela Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokukhulumisana Nezingoma

Ngaphandle kokuqonda okuyisisekelo, izindlela eziqondile zokukhulumisana zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqonda nokwethembana kwezisebenzi zomthetho.

Sebenzisa Ulimi Olucacile Nolune - cocise

Umthetho uvimbela. Amagama anjenge-“res ipsquor, i-” i-“ imfanelo ye-palthritial, i-” noma i-&lquo;proconstateated bangela i-” kungenzeka ukuba isimo sesibili kubameli kodwa bangesibo abavelanga kubenzi bejaji abaningi. Uma kungenzeka, esikhundleni se-ipragnogn ngesiNgisi esingenanto. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sokuthi i-“ ummangalelwa waphula umthetho waphula umsebenzi wokunakekela, i-” uthi i-“ ummangalelwa uhlulekile ukwenza njengomuntu onengqondo esimweni esifanayo. ” Sebenzisa okuvumelana nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Umthetho omuhle ukuchaza umngane ongokomthetho.

Ijaji kufanele futhi lisebenzise iziyalezo zokwahlulela ngolimi olulula. Amazwe amaningi manje anikeza iziyalezo zesizwe eziyisibonelo ezibhalwe ngendlela efinyelelekayo. Ukucwaninga kweNew York State Bar Association[[FLT: 1] kubonisa ukuthi iziyalezo ezinjalo zinciphisa ukudideka futhi ziholele ezicelweni ezimbalwa zokucacisa.

Londoloza Inhlonipho Nobuchwepheshe

Abakhokhi banikeza isikhathi sabo. Balindele ukuphathwa ngenhlonipho. Abathathi-kanti akumelwe baphazamise ufakazi noma baphikisane nombuzo womajaji. Ukubonisa intukuthelo noma ukukhungatheka ngokudideka komphathi wejaji kumane kubangele ukucasuka. Kunalokho, lichaze futhi ngokuthula iphuzu, mhlawumbe usebenzisa i-engile ehlukile. Ngisho nalapho ummeli ebonakala emelene, ukusabela kommeli kufanele kuhlale kulinganiswa futhi kuqeqe.

Inhlonipho futhi isho ukudumisa imfihlo yabasizi bejaji. Ungaxoxi ngecala nabaphathi bejaji ngaphandle kwenkantolo, ugweme ukubheka amehlo okungachazwa njengokuhlukumeza, futhi ungazami ukuwathonya ngobuqili ngolimi lomzimba noma ngokubukeka kobuso. I-American Bar Association’s 's Palm of Professional Palement Imithetho ecacile enqabela ukukhulumisana komsizi.

Hlanganyela Nesihawu

I-Empathy ayifani nokuzijabulisa. Kusho ukulalela ngokuzikhandla imibuzo yejarrector nokukhathazeka, bese kuphendulwa ngokucabangela. Uma ijaji libuza umbuzo, impendulo kufanele iqondiswe futhi iphelele, ingagwegwesi noma isebenzise kakhulu ulwazi. Uma i-jarver ibukeka ididekile, ime futhi ibuze, i “ ingasiza uma ngiyiphindaphinda? noma i-” ingabe kukhona okuthile ngalelophuzu othanda ukukucacisa? ” lesisenzo esilula sibonisa ukuhlonipha indima yojarr futhi sikhuthaza umoya wokubambisana.

Nikeza Iziyalezo Ezicacile

Ekuqaleni kwecala, umahluleli kufanele anikeze indlela emfushane yokuchaza indima yabasizi bejaji, izigaba zecala, nokuthi yini okumelwe ilindelwe. Njengoba icala liqhubeka, iziyalezo eziqhubekayo mayelana nendlela yokuhlola ubufakazi (_ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi izimemezelo zokuvula azibona ubufakazi nokuthi imibukiso ingavunywa ngezindlela zokuphikisa . /help jajir arlator. Ngaphambi kokuba ikheli lomahluleli lithathe iziyalezo ezibhaliwe zejaji ngalinye. Imvume yokubhala amanothi abhale amaphuzu phakathi nokuhlola, kodwa umahluleli kufanele abafundise indlela yokusebenzisa amanothi afanele.

Gwema Ukuhola Noma Ukuphonsa

Bobabili abameli namajaji kumelwe baqaphele ukuba bangathonyi imibono yomthetho ngokungaqondi. Ama-atttorney kufanele agweme imibuzo engathakazelisi eveza impendulo, eholela ekuhlolweni okuqondile (ngaphandle kwezinjongo ezilinganiselwe), futhi asho ubufakazi ngezimpawu zehaba noma iphimbo eliwubukhazikhazi. Uma umbuzo womajaji uthinta indawo ebucayi, umahluleli kungadingeka anikeze umyalo olinganiselwe wokuvimbela ubandlululo.

Izinyathelo Zokukhulumisana Eziphumelelayo Zokuqulwa Kwecala Ngalinye

Ukukhulumisana akuyona into engekho. Isigaba ngasinye sokuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi sinikeza amathuba nezihibe ezihlukile. Ngezansi kunezinqubo ezihlotshaniswa nezinkulumo eziyingozi, zokuvula, ukuhlola kofakazi, izimpikiswano zokuphetha, kanye necala lomahluleli.

Ukudinwa: Ukumisa I - tone

Ithuba elibi kakhulu lokusungula ubuhlobo ne-jager. Sebenzisa lesisikhathi ukubuza imibuzo ephendulwe obala ehlola ubandlululo nokuhlangenwe nakho, hhayi nje yebo-o-no. Ngokwesibonelo, u- “ yiziphi okuhlangenwe nakho oye wabhekana nakho nezinkampani zomshuwalense ezingase zithinte umbono wakho ngalendaba? ” yembula kakhulu kune “ uke wacela noma yikuphi ukuhloma ngomshuwa? ” Lalela ngokucophelela ukuphendula nokulandela ngobumnene. Gwema ulimi oluzwakala njengeweweza ku “ &windquo; jurdquo; jurrr·instead, veza isithakazelo ngombono wazo wokwethembeka.

Abahluleli kufanele futhi baqiniseke ukuthi imibuzo enzima kakhulu ayiholeli ngokweqile noma iklanyelwe ukuba ikhiphe umbono othile ngaphambi kokuba kuzwe ubufakazi.

Izinkulumo Zokuvula: Ibalazwe Le - Jury

Inkulumo yokuvula ephumelelayo ilandisa indaba. Inikeza lokho ubufakazi obuzokubonisa ngokulandelana okucacile kwezikhathi, ngokulandisa okushukumisayo. Sebenzisa amagama alula, imisho emifushane, nolimi olucacile olubonisa umfanekiso wabaphathi bejaji. Gwema ukuphikisa noma izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho nikeza labo abazophetha.

Sebenzisa izinsiza-kunikeza izikhombo ngokuqondisisa. I-menu noma umdwebo olula unganikeza ubufakazi obuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa gcina amaslide ehlanzekile futhi engaxubene.

Ukuhlola Ofakazi: Ukukhanya Ngezakhiwo

Lapho ubuza ufakazi, umbuzo ngamunye kufanele ube mfushane futhi ugxiliswe. Gwema imibuzo eminingi enjenge- “ ingabe uyibonile imoto bese uma? ” engadida kokubili ufakazi kanye nabahluleli. Sebenzisa imibuzo eholela ekuhloleni okuphambanayo kuphela lapho uvunyelwa yimithetho. Ngokuqondile, ufakazi makalandise indaba ngamazwi abo siqu, kodwa ayiqondise ngezinyathelo ezincane, ezicacile.

Uma ufakazi esebenzisa amagama obuchwepheshe, bachazele leligama ngesiNgisi esingesisho. Ngokwesibonelo, kunokuba bacele uchwepheshe ukuba achaze i- “ ukukhuhlana okungalawuleki, i-” bacele ukuba bachaze ukuthi iziphi izindlela eziphezulu noma eziphansi ezisetshenziswayo. Abaqondisi bayayazisa le nguqulo.

Izimpikiswano Eziphethayo: Zihlanganise Zonke

Ukuvala izimpikiswano kuphinde kudlulise ubufakazi futhi uphikise ukuthi kungani abahluleli kufanele banqume ngendlela ethile. Kodwa futhi kungaba umthombo wokudideka uma kungahlelwanga kahle. Fiphelelisa amaqiniso ayinhloko nendlela abanelisa ngayo izici ezingokomthetho. Sebenzisa izincazelo ezifanayo ezicacile zolimi olusuka ekuqaleni. Uma ijaji linikeze iziyalezo ezibhaliwe, libhekisela kulezo ziyalezo ngenombolo futhi lixhumanise nazo nobufakazi.

Gwema ukunxenxa okungokomzwelo okungase kubhekwe njengokuxhaphaza. Kunalokho, thembela ebuhlakani nasebuningini bobufakazi. Bonisa ukuqiniseka ekhonweni lokwahlulela lokucabanga. Ngokwesibonelo: “ uke wezwa bonke ubufakazi. Ububonile izibuko. Sicela ukuba uphethe ngokuthi ukuqashelwa kobufakazi kubonisa ukuthi ummangalelwa wayenganaki. “

Ukumangalela Komahluleli: Izwi Lokugcina EMthethweni

Mhlawumbe isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokuxhumana kwemiyalo yamajaji ukunikeza icala. Umahluleli kumelwe achaze umthetho ngokucacile, ngokungathathi hlangothi, futhi ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa iziyalezo ezivamile lapho zikhona, kodwa ungawesabi ukuzivumelanisa nokufunda. Funda iziyalezo ngokuzwakalayo futhi ume kancane ngemva kwengxenye ngayinye. Yenza ikopi ebhaliwe futhi uvumele abasizi ukuba babuze imibuzo ngemiyalo lapho behlola (uma imvume yakho). Abanye abahluleli banikeza isikhamiso sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba bavule izinkulumo zokusiza abagcini bezwe ukuthi baqondeni.

Ukusingatha Imibuzo Ebuhlungu Phakathi Nokuvivinywa

Manje izikhulu eziningi zivumela abasizi bejaji ukuba bafake imibuzo ebhaliwe ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala. Lomkhuba ungathuthukisa ukuqonda kodwa futhi ufaka izingozi. Uma uvumela imibuzo yejaji, misa umthetho. Umahluleli kufanele abukeze umbuzo ngamunye ngeseluleko ngaphambi kokuba ubuze. Imibuzo engafanele noma eyingozi kufanele ilahlwe noma ibhalwe ngokushayelwa kabusha. Uma kubuzwa umbuzo omuhle, phendula ngokuqondile futhi ngaphandle kwempikiswano. Uma impendulo ingalimaza ikhasi lakho, sebenzisa isinqumo somahluleli ukuchaza ukuthi kungani lombuzo ungenakuphendulwa ngohlobo oluthile, kodwa yenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokuphikisana.

Nokho, abameli kumelwe baqaphele ukuba bangabonakala becasukile noma benokuzivikela lapho umbuzo uphikisa ukulandisa kwabo, kunalokho, bonga umsizi ngemibuzo futhi banikeze impendulo engcono kakhulu.

Ukuxhumana Okungashongo: Lokho Abahlengi Abakubona Ngalé Kwamazwi

Abathungi bayakwazi ukuqonda ukushukuma komzimba, iphimbo, kanye nokubukeka kobuso. Ama-athorney kufanele ahlale ekhululekile, ekhululekile, athintane namalungu ejaji lapho kunezihluthulelo eziyinhloko, futhi agweme ukuwela izingalo noma ukubheka amanothi kaningi. Uma ufakazi efakaza, abameli akumelwe bagobe amehlo abo noma babubule. / Izimpawu ezinjalo ezincane zingabonwa ngabahlazi futhi zichazwe njengedelela.

Abahluleli futhi baxhumana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imilomo. Umahluleli obonakala enesithukuthezi noma ephelelwa isineke anganikeza izikhulu zejaji uphawu lokuthi icala alibalulekile. Ngokuhlukile, umahluleli olalelisisa futhi athathe amanothi ukuziphatha okulindelekile kumajaji. Ibhentshi yebhentshi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izikhumbuzo zokungathathi hlangothi.

Ubuchwepheshe Nosizo Olubonakalayo Ekulingweni Kwanamuhla

Enkathini yezokuhlola izimpawu ze-minucs ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imibukiso ye-magital, imiboniso yemiboniso, ngisho nanoma yikuphi okungokoqobo kungasiza abagcini-jaji ukuba babone ngemibono okunzima ukuyichaza ngamazwi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kuvela ingozi, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwengozi yesithathu kungasiza abagcini-jaji ukuba baqonde izikhonkwane noma bavimbe. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ngokunengqondo. Izibonakaliso ezihlaba umxhwele zingaphazamisa noma zidukise.

Uma unikeza amaphepha afanele, umahluleli kufanele atshele abahluleli ukuthi ubufakazi obusesitejini abuthembeki kakhulu kunobufakazi obudluliselwa ngomlomo.

Izihibe Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzigwema

Ngisho nama - litigator angomakad ’ ebona ayawenza amaphutha ekuxhumaneni nohulumeni.

  • Ukungavumelani: Ukusebenzisa izimpikiswano eziningi kakhulu noma ukukhuluma ngezwi lokuziphakamisa kungahlukanisa abasizi bejaji.
  • umangalela ijaji: Abanye abameli bagxila ngokuphelele kufakazi noma kumahluleli, bekhohlwa ukuthi abahluleli bayizilaleli zokugcina. Njalo yiba uqondise isigijimi sakho kubahluleli.
  • [ Ukuqonda okungaqondakaliyo: Ungalokothi uthathe iphuzu eliyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa nje yokuthi uqalile. Qaphela ukuba iphuzu liphindeke ngaphandle komlomo bese uliphinda ngamagama ahlukene.
  • [[[FOL:0] Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Monoton:[ Iphimbo eliyisicaba, eliphindiwe liyokwenza abahlabeleli bejaji bakhale. i-rary tar, i-SPT, nevolume zigcine isithakazelo.
  • Ukuhleka ngokungafanele: Ukuhleka kungabuya inselele, ikakhulukazi phakathi nobufakazi obungathi sína. Gwema amahlaya ngecala, imibuthano, noma inqubo yenkantolo.

Isiphetho

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nabasizi bejaji akulona ikhono elilodwa kodwa iqoqo lemikhuba esekelwe ehlonishweni, ecacile, nasenyameni. Kusukela manje i-voir jazn iqala ukusho igama lokugcina lecala, zonke izinqubo zihlela indlela abagcini bejaji abaqonda ngayo icala nesimiso somthetho. Abakhohlisi abachitha isikhathi ngolimi olucacile, belalela, futhi bebonisa ukucabangela bayothola ukuthi abagcini beboshelwe ngokwengeziwe, baqinisile ngokwengeziwe ekucabangeni kwabo, futhi baneliseke kakhulu ngenqubo yabo. Abahluleli abalingisa ukungathathi hlangothi futhi banikeze iziyalezo ezicacile basekela imfuneko yokulunga okufunwa kwemi.

Ngokulandela imikhuba engcono kakhulu echazwe lapha, futhi ngokuqhubeka bezifundisa ngokusebenza kwengqondo kwejaji nangokucwaninga ngokuxhumana, − ochwepheshe be-gage bangaqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso sabahluleli sisebenza ngendlela ehloselwe ngayo: njenge-aum yeqiniso, iqondiswa izakhamuzi ezinolwazi nehloniphekile. Umgomo oyinhloko awukona nje ukunqoba icala kodwa ukusekela isinqumo esilungile, esinengqondo, futhi esamukelwa yizo zonke izigaba.