Indima Ebucayi Yokuthola Imibono Engekho Emphakathini

Ukuvubukulwa nobufakazi obugciniwe kuveza umgogodla wanoma isiphi isiphi isithembiso somphakathi esiqhubekayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indaba iqhubeka phambi komahluleli, umqondisi, noma inkantolo yezombuso, ikhono lokuthola nokwaziswa okuhlobene naso linquma umphumela omkhulu kakhulu kunendlela yokukhuluma enkantolo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza iziqondiso eziwusizo, ezibanzi zokuqondisa ukusungula inqubo yokudlala, ukuvimbela ukuqulwa kwecala ngokucashelwa, futhi ngokuvamile kusiza ukuxazulula impikiswano yangaphambili. Ngokuphambene, ukuvubukulwa okungafanelekile kungaphazamisa icala, kuphumele ekubekeleni isijeziso, noma ukuhlehliseni ubuqotho be-pastrustra inqubo yokuthola izinto nokushintshana kobufakazi ezicatshaniswe ngomphakathi, izindlela zokufihla, izindlela ezingcono kakhulu, ukuphikisana okuvamile, nokucabangela okumelwe kuqondwe.

Ukuqonda Injongo Nobukhulu Bokuthola

Ukuthola ukwaziswa kuyinqubo ehleliwe lapho amaqembu ethola khona ukwaziswa komunye nomunye nakumacala amathathu ngaphambi kokuqulwa kokugcina. Izinhloso eziyinhloko ziwukuvala izindaba eziphikisanayo, ukuthola amaqiniso abalulekile, ukuvimbela ukumangala, nokugcina ubufakazi obungase bungabi khona kamuva. Nakuba ukutholakala kwemininingwane kungahlukahluka ngemithetho emisiwe, indinganiso ebanzi ukuthi amalungu angathola ukwaziswa ngokuphathelene nento engagunyaziwe evumelana nempikiswayo noma iziphi izinto ezivumelana nezidingo zendaba. I-proporton ithatha isilinganiso sokubaluleka kwempikiswano, isilinganiso semali ephikisanayo, imithombo yezemisebenzi, izindleko zeqembu, kanye nezindleko zokutholwa okuhlongozwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo yayo.

Ezimisweni eziningi zomphakathi zokuzinqumela, ukutholakala kwalezi zimo kuyizisulu. Amaholide kulindeleke ukuba adlulisele ukwaziswa ngokuzithandela, ngokungenela kwenkantolo noma kwenkantolo okugcinelwe izimpikiswano. Ukuqonda lolu hlelo kubalulekile. I-mensali ivame ukumisa uhlelo lokuthola futhi ingabeka imingcele enanini noma isilinganiso sezicelo zokuthola. Ukuhluleka ukuhambisana nezibopho zokuthola izinto ezigciniwe kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima, kuhlanganise nokukhipha ubufakazi obungathandekiyo, noma ukukhipha izivumelwano zemali. Ngakho, ochwepheshe kumelwe bafinyelele ukutholwa ngenkuthalo nangendlela ecacile kusukela ekuqaleni.

Izindlela Ezivamile Zokuthola Icala

Ukungenela

Ukungenela kubhalwe imibuzo elungiselelwe eqenjini eliphikisayo okumelwe liphendulwe ngokubhala nangokufunga. Kuyindlela eyongayo yokuthola ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo, ukuphawula ofakazi abangaba yiqiniso, futhi ifake izingxabano zombangi. Izimiso eziningi zilinganisela inani lophenyo (ngokuvamile 25 noma 30) ukuze zivimbele ukuxhashazwa. Imibuzo ephumelelayo inembile futhi ibuze amaqiniso aqondile kunokubuza iziphetho ezingokomthetho. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokubuza "Ingabe uyaphika icala?" umbuzo ongcono u-"Ufaka iphuzu ngalinye elisekela ukuthi ummangalelwa wayenganakile." imikhuba emihle ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izincazelo neziqondiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana, futhi inqumo yasekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuthola imvume nezicelo ezilandelayo.

Izicelo Zokukhiqiza

Izicelo zomkhiqizo (RFPs) ziphoqelela omunye ukuba akhiqize amabhukwana, ama-imeyili, amarekhodi emali, imibiko yangaphakathi, nezincwadi eziphathekayo ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kukopishwe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyithuluzi elibucayi kakhulu lokuthola, njengoba imibhalo ngokwayo ilandisa indaba. Ama-RFP kufanele ahlolwe ngokwezigaba ezithile zokwaziswa okuhlobene, njengezivumelwano, ama-imeyili, amarekhodi emali, imibiko yangaphakathi, nezincwadi. Ngokunyuka kokuthola izinto ze-electronic, i-RFP kumele i-akhawunti yemininingwane egcinwe kubaqondisi, izinkonzo zamafu, imishini ye-elective, ne-medial media. Iqembu elicelayo lichaza ifoculogodia ngemimeters, noma amafayela endaymeternameters) nokuhlola izicelo zezicelo ezibanzi. Ukuvimbela ukuthatha izicelo, nokuzibophotho nezezi ze-I.

Ukubekwa Kwezindawo

Izindawo ziphila, ubufakazi obufuthiwe buthathwe ngaphandle kwenkantolo, obuvame ukuqoshwa yintatheli yenkantolo futhi bufakwe ivideo. Bavumela iseluleko ukuba sihlole ukuthembeka kobufakazi, bahlole amaqiniso acacile, futhi bafake ubufakazi obungasetshenziswa ekunikezeleni ukuqulwa. Uhlelo lokuqondisa ludinga ukulungiselela: iseluleko kufanele sibukeze zonke izincwadi ezikhiqizweyo, silungise uhlakalo oluningi, futhi silindele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungaphikiswa. Isehlulelo kufanele sifundiswe imithetho, futhi silalele ngokucophelela, siphendule umbuzo obuzwa kuphela, futhi singaqasheki. Umthetho owenqandelwe ulinganiselwe ukuze kubhalwe (umz., ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukukhuthaza) ukuze kuvivinjelwe ubufakazi. Ngemva kokubekwa kwemali, ukukhishwa kwemithetho enzima. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukubekwa kwezehlakalo ezidingekayo kuphela, ofakazi abambalwa, abameleli, abameleli, nabameleli abameleli abangaphansi kwemithetho enjenge-Fedual (6).

Izicelo Zokuvunyelwa

Izicelo zokuvuma (RFAS) izinkulumo zeqiniso noma iziphetho ezingokomthetho ukuthi lowo owamukelayo kumelwe avume noma aphike ngaphansi kwesifungo. Injongo iwukususa izimpikiswano ezimngcingo ngokususa lezo eziphikiswayo. Ngokwesibonelo, isicelo singase sibuze umphikisi ukuba "isivumelwano sisayinwe ku-January 15, 2023". Uma sivunywa, akukho bufakazi obunye obudingekayo; uma unqatshiwe, umphini uyazi ukuthi impikiswano incintisana ikhona. Iqembu kumelwe liphendule phakathi nenkathi emisiwe (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30) noma izicelo zivunywe. Izicelo akufanele zivunywe ngeqiniso, nakuba kungakhokhwa ukuphika okungadingenwa okungakho okungaholela ekunciphekeni kwesisekelo. I-RF ikakhulukazi inzuzo yokusungula izinhlelo ezingokomthetho, ukuthembeka, noma ukuvumelana kwezimiso zemithetho.

Izinhloli Eziya Ezikhungweni Zesithathu

Ukuvubukula akugcini emadilini kuphela. I-Subpoenas duces tecums ingaphoqelela abangathathi hlangothi − njengamabhange, abaqashi, noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni − ukuze kukhiqizwe imibhalo noma ibonakale. Ukukhonza i-subpoena kudinga ukuthobela imithetho yenkantolo yokukhipha inkantolo, kuhlanganise nesaziso esifanele kuzo zonke izigaba kanye nokukhokha izindleko zobufakazi. Ama-partippathina avamile adingekile ukuze athole amarekhodi azimele noma afakazele ubufakazi. Abaqondisi-Proctitiona kufanele bawafake ngokucophelela ama-topie ukuze bachaze amabhukwana aceliwe ngemithetho ethile e-omgame, futhi bakulungele ukusabela emicimbinishishishini uma izicelo zinzima ngokungafanele noma zingekhona.

Ukusebenzisa Ubufakazi: Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Ukushintshana kobufakazi obuphumelelayo akukhona nje ukulahla amaphepha ngeseluleko esiphikisanayo. Kudinga ukuhleleka, isikhathi, kanye nokuvumelana kwe-livivil. Izindawo eziningi zigunyaza ukudalulwa kokwaziswa kokuqala − ukushintshiswa kokwaziswa okuyisisekelo ngokuzithandela (ofakazi, amaphepha, izinombolo zokubala) ekuqaleni kwalelicala, ngaphandle kokulinda isicelo esingokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu kumelwe avumelane nesimiso sokuthola esimiswe ngumphathi we-avractic.

Yakha isimiso sokuphathwa kwedokhumende

Kusukela ngesikhathi kuqalwa icala, yakha isakhiwo esingaguquki segama lomhlangano neposi ukuze uthole bonke ubufakazi. Sebenzisa ama-sethi asekelwe emafutheni noma asendaweni ukuze uthole izimpendulo eziseceleni, izingodo zelungelo, nemibiko yochwepheshe. Ezimweni eziningi, i-ligigation isekela i-software (njenge-Relativity noma i-Evelaw) ingalawula i-ESI, ibangele ukuphenyiswa okubekwa phambili, futhi ikhiqize amabhukwana asendaweni ebekelwe ngaphambili. Ama-Paralegal kumele aqeqeshelwe esimisweni ukugwema izincwadi ezilahlekileyo noma imikhiqizo ekhiqizayo.

Yenza Uphenyo Oluphelele

Ngaphambi kokuthola, ukuxoxa nabo bonke abathengi abafanelekayo, ukuhlola amarekhodi akhona, nokuphawula ofakazi abakhona. Lokhu kuhlola kwangaphakathi kusiza izicelo zemishini yobuciko futhi kugwema ukuchitha imithombo yezindaba ezingadingekile. Kuqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izimpendulo zamakhasimende ngokwawo ezitholakele zinembile futhi ziphelele. Ukwehluleka ukuphenya ngokunengqondo kungaholela ekuvumeni imithetho enjenge-Federal Rule 26(g).

Sabela Ngokushesha Futhi Ngokuphelele

Izikhomba-mvume ezidalelwe ukuphendula abaphenyi, i-RFP, ne-RF njengoba zivame ukuhlobana ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 zenkonzo. Ama-odar angadingi ukuphendulwa, kodwa ukusabela kwemuva kungenza udwendwe lwe-RFPs. Uma uphendula i-RFPs, veza imibhalo njengoba igcinwa isendaweni evamile yebhizinisi noma ihlele futhi ibhale amagama ayo ukuze ihambisane nezigaba zesicelo. Iqembu eligodlela ulwazi ngelungelo lokuchaza ifomu lencwadi, ilungelo eligodliwe.

Sebenzisa Iziteshi Ezilondekile Zokuxhumana

Ubufakazi obuzwayo − izimfihlo, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, imininingwane yezimali − kufanele idluliswe nge-imeyili efihliwe noma ngehele elilondekile. Ezimweni eziningi, abahilelekile bayofaka uhlelo oluvikelayo ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa, baklame imibhalo eyimfihlo futhi balinganisele ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekuhlolweni. Banamathela ngokuqinile kuleyo mithetho evikelayo; ukuthululwa kokwaziswa kungafihla futhi kulimaza ikhasimende.

Ukuxazulula Izingxabano Kuwukweqa Ubufakazi Nokutholwa Kwazo

Naphezu kwemizamo engcono kakhulu, ukuphikisana okungagwemeki. Izimpikiswano ezivamile zihlanganisa: ukuphikisa okusekelwe ekusebenzisekeni noma ekuthatheni umthwalo ongafanele, ukusho ukuthi unomthwalo ongafanele, ukunikezwa amalungelo, ukungawatholi, nokuphikisana ngesilinganiso sokuthola izinto ze-electronic. Isinyathelo sokuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi siwukuhlangana nokufaka ukholo oluqinile. Imithetho eminingi idinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi amaqembu aye azama ukuxazulula lempikiswano ngaphambi kokumisa ukunyakaza. Iketanga elivamile le-imeyili noma ucingo ngokuvamile lingayixazulula lempikiswano ngaphandle kokungenela kwekomiti yomthetho.

Uma ihluleka, umceli wesicelo angafaka ukunyakaza ukuze abophe, kuyilapho umlandeli angase afune uhlelo oluvikelayo. Umphikisi uyosebenzisa indinganiso yokulingana futhi anganikeza izijeziso zokuziphatha okungenangqondo. Izindleko zingenzeka uma umfaki ufuna i-ESI emithonjeni engafinyelelwanga ngokunengqondo (umz., amakhasethi okuvikela). Isihluthulelo siwukugcina i-ocessical projectal futhi agxile ezimfanelweni: ukulahlekelwa yi-anderstator ngezindlela zobuhluku.

Ukuphika Nelungelo

Izizathu kumelwe zenziwe ngendlela efike ngesikhathi nangendlela eqondile. Ukuphikisa okuvamile kuhlanganisa: isicelo asicacile noma asicacile, sifuna ukwaziswa okuvikelwe yilungelo noma imfundiso esebenzayo, kungumthwalo ongafanele, noma akubalulekile. Amathilomu akhethekile kumelwe abe nemininingwane eyanele ukuze kuvunyelwe iqembu eliphikisayo ukuba lihlole ukufaneleka kwale mpikiswano. Uma umqulu omkhulu wezincwadi ezinelungelo uhilelekile, ezinye izinkantolo zivumela ilungelo eliyi-preset algoat (umz., hlela zonke izinkulumo phakathi kweseluleko nekhasimende ngendaba ethile) ukuze kunciphe umthwalo. Ukungathwali kwento ekhethekile akulona ilungelo ngokuzenzakalelayo; iqembu elikhiqizayo kufanele lithathe izinyathelo zokuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo emuva kwencwadi nokwazisa iqembu.

Izinselele Zokuthola Imishini

I-ligigate yanamuhla ihlanganisa izilinganiso ezinkulu ze-ESI(email), izigijimi ze-Sleck, izikhungo zezokuxhumana, i-menu yezokuxhumana, i-memode, i-memone, i-operacters, i-memorials, i-memorial. Ubukhulu nobunkimbinkimbinkimbi budinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Amadili kufanele axoxe ngemithetho elandelwayo etholakele: abagcini bempahla, iziteshi, imithombo yokwaziswa, indlela yokukhiqiza, nezibopho zokulondolozwa. Ukuhluleka ukulondoloza i-ESI kungaphumela ekugunyazeni izijeziso, kuhlanganise neziqondiso eziphikisayo noma ngisho nokuxoshwa kwemvume. Iseluleko kufanele sifake i-ligiepigcop ekuqaleni kwecala, i-plustra i-mory, i-oce procectivesting systives or nokulondoloza yonke imininingwane ethinta.

Ukucatshangelwa Okufanelekile Ekutholakaleni Kwalo

Ukuthola akusona nje isinyathelo sokwenza uphakele; kuyisici senkundla yempi. Iseluleko esihlakaniphile sisetshenziswa ekutholeni ukuqamba ukulandisa, ukunciphisa izinkolelo-mbono zombangi, futhi sibeke isisekelo sokungahambi kahle.

Ukusebenzisa Ukuthola Okuzuzisayo

Iziphendu zisheshe zibone ukuxabana okuyiqiniso komeleneyo nofakazi. Landela ama-RFP ahloselwe amaphepha asekela leyomibango noma ayiphikisayo. Izikhombi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola amaphuzu abuthakathaka endabeni yomphikisi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umphikisi ethi uthole isaziso ngeposi, ufaka isicelo sokuvuma ukuthi umyali oqondile, khona - ke ukhulula isisebenzi seposi esiphethe ukudluliswa. Ubufakazi ngabunye kufanele buhlanganiswe nendabuko eyiqiniso ezindlebeni zokugcina.

Inzuzo Eshintshayo

Ezimweni ezincane, ukutholakala okukhulu kungase kungabizi imali enciphileyo. Ukuhlelwa kwemali esengozini yokukhokha. Uma icala lihilela u-R450 000 futhi umphikisi enikeza ama-$5 000 (R1 000), ukuphatha isamba esiyishumi kungasaphaza. Ngokuphambene, uma kunezinga eliningi le-million "%olallar, ukushiya itshe lingaphenduki kungaba inhlekelele. Ukuhlola ukulinganisela kufanele kuqhubeke; ukuphinda uvule icebo ngemva komkhiqizo ngamunye ukuze kuthole ukuthi izicelo ezingaphezulu zifanelekile yini.

Ukulungiselela Ukwahlulela Ngokufushanisiwe

Ukuvubukulwa ngokuqondile kungena emikhankasweni yokwahlulela okufingqiwe. Ngemva kokuthola iqiniso, iseluleko singafaka ukunyakazisa kokugomela kokuthi akukho ukuphikisana kwangempela qiniso eliphathekayo nokuthi isahlulelo kufanele singene ngokomthetho. Ukuze kuphumelele, umthunjwa kumelwe anikeze ubufakazi obuqondile embhalweni otholakele. Ngakho, yonke imibhalo efunyenweyo, impendulo, nokuvuma kufanele kuhlolwe ngenxa yekhono lawo lokusekela ukwahlulela okufingqiwe. Uma ukusabela komphikisi kuphambuka noma kwanele, ukunyakaza kokuphoqa umbiko odiweyo kungadingeka ukuze kuthole ubufakazi obudingekayo ukuze kuthole isahlulelo esifushaye.

Indima Yomsekeli Wobandlululo Ekutholweni Kwalo

I-audicator (umahluleli, umqondisi, noma isikhulu sokuzwa) imisa indlela yokuthola izinto. Ezinkantolo eziningi, ummemezeli uba nengqungquthela yokuqala yokusungula uhlelo lokuthola izinto, ukuxoxa ngemithetho elandelwayo, futhi akhuthaze ukubambisana. Abanye abadansi bayakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi bafune ukuba abaxhasi bafake izincwadi zokuqopha izincwadi zokuqophana ngaphambi kokufaka umthetho wesigqi. Abanye bathatha i-auff ascence, bangene kuphela lapho kubekwa. Ukuqonda izinto ezithandwa yi-esudicicia kungalondoloza isikhathi nemali. Ekuvaleni ukuhlanganisa, ngokuvamile izigila zenziwe ziyakwazi ukuveza izincwadi ezidingwa yindaba, kodwa umenzi wamacala asenamandla okugunyaza ukubambisana nokukhomba.

Uma impikiswano etholakele ifinyelela kumnini-mfundamatheli, umkhakha ofuna ukukhululeka kumelwe abonise ukholo oluhle nokulingana. Ummeli uyolinganisela isidingo sokwaziswa ngokumelene nomthwalo wokukhiqizwa. Ezinkantolo zikahulumeni, i-Sedona Principles neFederal Real Remeding inikeza isiqondiso esiningiliziwe, kodwa icala ngalinye lixhomeke emaqinisweni alo. Iseluleko kufanele silungiselele ukufingqa, ukusekela okufingqiwe futhi sikulungele ukuphikisa incazelo ewusizo yalokhu kusunguliwe.

Isiphetho

Ukuthola nobufakazi akuyona nje iminyango esemthethweni; kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlobana kwesizwe. Ukuphatha kahle lezi zigaba kudinga inhlanganisela yolwazi olungokomthetho, ikhono lokuhlela, ukucabanga okuhleliwe, nomsebenzi. Kusukela kuphenyo lokuqala kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina, zonke izinyathelo kufanele zibe nenjongo futhi zihambisane necebo lomphakathi. Ngokuqonda izindlela, ukulandela imikhuba engcono kakhulu, ukulindele izimpikiswano, futhi ngokuqondene nendima yomsunguli, ochwepheshe bangawandisa amathuba abo empumeleni engcono lapho benciphisa izindleko nezingaphucutheki. Ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenza kube nokushekelelwa kahle; ukutholakala okungafanelekile kungabhubhisa icala eliqinile. Ukulandela isikhathi nemali edingekayo ukuze lithole okulungile.

Ukuze uthole esinye isiqondiso, hlola Imithetho ye-Federal ye-Civil Procedire (Kakhulukazi Imithetho 26-37), i-[FLT]Sédona Paradis ye-Electronic Resotion and Production, futhi usebenzise iziqondisi ezisuka e-gunyeni lakho. Ukuqonda imithetho yendawo kanye nezimfuneko eziqondile zomphikisi kuyabaluleke ngokufanayo. Ngokulungiselela nangokusondela ngokucophelela, ungaphatha ngokuphumelelayo ukutholwa nobufakazi kunoma yisiphi isicingiselwano somphakathi.