Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Ukukhishwa Kwezindlebe Kwangaphakathi
Ukuqulwa kwecala kwasemthethweni kuyindlela engokomthetho eqhubekayo lapho umahluleli ongathathi hlangothi (ngokuvamile umahluleli, imantshi, noma ilungu lenkantolo) ehlola ubufakazi nezimpikiswano ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zinikeza isinqumo esibophekayo. Ngokungafani nokuqulwa kwecala, ukuqulwa kwezindlebe kuvame ukucushwa futhi kugxiliswe, kodwa kusadingeka ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo anzima. Lokhu kuzwakala kuvele ezimpikiswaneni zesivumelwano, ukungezwani kwempahla, izimpikiswano zomninindlu, nokulimaza okuthile komuntu siqu. Ukuqonda imithetho ye-procedational yenkantolo ethile noma inkantolo ethile kubalulekile; imithetho iyahluka ngokwezimvume futhi ingathinta isikhathi, ubufakazi obuqinile, nokuhlelwa kwemiboniso.
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kokufushanisa nokukhipha imvume uwukuthi ummeli uphoqelela isinqumo, kanti umlamuleli wenza kube lula ukuthatha indawo yokuzithandela. Ngakho, umgomo wakho uwukuthonya umenzi wesinqumo, hhayi ukuxoxa nomphikisi. Lokhu kuguqula zonke izici zakho zokulungiselela nenkulumo.
Amalungiselelo Okuzwa Kusengaphambili: Isisekelo Sempumelelo
Hlola Imithetho Nezinqubo Ngokucophelela
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganise ubufakazi noma izimpikiswano zokulungisa, thola ikhophi yemithetho esebenzayo. Izinkantolo eziningi nezinkantolo zinyathelisa iziqondisi ezifundeka kuyi-inthanethi. Nakekela ngokucophelela ukugcina imibandela efingqiwe, imingcele yekhasi yokuzibeka, nemithetho ephathelene nokubukiswa. Ukungaqiniseki noma ukubeka isikhathi esifushane kunganciphisa ukwethenjelwa kwakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume.
Hlaziya Ube Uwuhlela
Ubufakazi buwumgogodla wanoma iliphi icala lomphakathi. Gcina wonke umbhalo osekela indawo yakho: izivumelwano, ukushintshisana nge-imeyili, ama-infois, ama-infoit, izithombe, imibiko yokuhlola, nezincwadi. Hlela lezizinto ngokulandelana okunengqondo noma ngokubhala ngohlelo olunemininingwane(-) futhi dala uhlu lombukiso. Inani ngalinye elicacile (umz., i-Exhit A, Exhiption B) bese ulungisa amakhophi amaningi: elinye lomphinisi, elinye leqembu eliphikisayo, elinye lombangowe. Uma ukuvumela ukuzithoba kolwazi ngohlelo lwezinombolo, amafayela abizwa kahle futhi alula ukuhamba.
Thola Izici Eziyisisekelo Zezomthetho
Zonke iziphakamiso ezingokomthetho zinezici ezithile ozifakazeleyo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha i-preafofāct kudinga ukubonisa (1) isivumelwano esisebenzayo, (2) wazenza izibopho zakho, (3) omunye wahluleka ukuzenza, futhi (4) walahlekelwa. Bhala phansi isici ngasinye futhi ngaphandle kwaso ubhale utho olubonisa ukuthi sikhona. Lokhu kugcina intshumayelo yakho igxile futhi kukuvimbele ukuba ungazulazuleli emininingwaneni engadingekile.
Hlela Indaba Elotshiwe Noma Uhlaka
Nakuba kungase kungabi dingekile ukuba unikeze uhlaka olufushane oluphelele, ikhasi elilodwa noma amabili ekhasi lempikiswano yakho eyisisekelo likusiza ukuba uhlale ulandela indlela. Ukuhlelwa kunjengo: inkulumo yokuvula (iphuzu lakho eliyinhloko kanye nalokho okufunayo), ukubukeza ubufakazi obuyinhloko, iphuzu [1]bypoint relatery yesivikelo esilindelwe, kanye nokufingqa okusongiwe. Yisa lohlaka ezindlebeni; ukufunda umbhalo ngokuvamile kuzwakala kungeyona imvelo, kodwa unamakhophothi aqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanganisa yonke into.
Ukwakha Impikiswano Eshukumisayo
Qala Ngenkulumo Yokuvula Enamandla
Inkulumo yokuvula ithuba lakho lokuhlela impikiswano ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Igcine ifinyele ngemizuzu emibili uma umbambi wesikhala engaceli okungaphezulu. Uhulumeni ucacisa ukuthi kwenzekani, kungani omunye umuntu enecala, nokuthi liyini ikhambi olifunayo. Sebenzisa ulimi olucacile. Ngokwesibonelo: “NgoJune 1, 2023, ngakhokha uMnu. Smith $5 000 ukuze ngilungise uphahla. Akazange aqede umsebenzi futhi angafuni ukubuyisa imali yami. Ngilapha namuhla ngicela ukuba akhokhe leyo mali kanye nezindleko zokuqasha enye inkampani.”
Ubufakazi Obukhona Manje Bunengqondo Futhi Bunengqondo
Ungadlulisi nje isigqebhezana sezincwadi futhi ulindele ukuba zixhume amachashaza. Hamba phakathi kobufakazi ngabunye, uchaze ukubaluleka kwalo nokuthi kunjani futhi kuhambelane nani kulendaba. Ukuze uphikise isivumelwano, ungase uthi: “Kusukela ku-A isivumelwano esasayinwe ngoMay 15. Sicela uphawu lwesigaba 4, esithi umsebenzi uzoqedwa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30. Umbukiso B uyi-email yami ka-April 20 eyazisa ummangalelwa ukuthi udlule umkhawulo. Umbukiso C uyimpendulo yakhe ethembisa ukuqeda ngoMay 10, futhi akakaze ayenze. Lolu hlobo lokulandisa lwenza ubufakazi bukhumbuleke.
Zilindele Futhi Uhluke Endabeni Yomholi Wecala
Uma lowo ophikisana naye ethi ubangele ukulibala, nikeza ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi unikeza ithuba lokungena ngesikhathi esifike ngesikhathi endaweni. Uma bephikisana isivumelwano besingacacile, lungela ukukhomba olimini oluthile. Ngokukhuluma ngokuphamazela, ubonakalisa ukucophelela futhi uqinisa ukwethemba kwakho.
Sebenzisa Usizo Lokubonisa Lapho Lufanelekile
Kwezinye izimemezelo, amashadi, izikhomba- nkarhi, noma ngisho nemidwebo elula ingasiza ekucaciseni amaqiniso ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, umzila obonisa ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezisayinwe(i-contract, inkokhelo eyenziwe, isikhathi esidlulileyo, isaziso esithunyelwe (-accan) sokwenza lula uhlelo lwezikhathi olude. Uma usebenzisa usizo olunjalo, uqinisekisa ukuthi lulula futhi lulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ungazenzi izinsiza-msiza ezicatshangelwe phakathi nokuzwa; zingakhishwa njengezezethemba.
Izindlela Zokunikeza Ezinqobayo
Hlakulela Ubuciko Bokukhuluma Ngokucacile, Okungathandeki
Khuluma ngejubane elilinganiselwe, uphimisele igama ngalinye, futhi ume phakathi kwamaphuzu ayinhloko. Gwema ukusebenzisa izikhombo zomthetho noma amagama angokobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokuba uwachaze kuqala. Ummeli angase abe ujenene osingatha izingxabano eziningi; ukwenza indaba yakho iqondakale kumuntu ongeyena u-"36" uphawu lokukwazi ukuchaza. Zilolongezela ngokuzwakalayo, ikakhulukazi phambi komngane noma umngane onganikeza impendulo ngokucacile nangesikhathi.
Londoloza Ukwehluleka Kochwepheshe Ngaso Sonke Isikhathi
Gqoka izingubo zebhizinisi qhaka ishadi noma okungenani ihembe elinamasondo kanye nengubo eboshelwe amadoda, ibhawudi noma ingubo yabesifazane. Ukubukeka kwakho kubonisa inhlonipho ngenqubo. Yima noma uhlale uqonde, thintana nomnini-mfishini lapho ukhuluma, futhi ugweme ukuhlaba. Ungamnqamuli umphikisi noma umthuthi. Uma olunye uhlangothi lusho amanga, linda uze uphendule bese ukhomba iphutha ngobufakazi.
Lalela Ngenkuthalo Futhi Uzivumelanise Nezimo
Abameli bavame ukubuza imibuzo ukuze bacacise amaphuzu. Lalela ngokucophelela lokho abakubuzayo nokuphendula ngokuqondile. Uma ungazi impendulo, yithi: “Anginalo lelo qiniso manje, kodwa ngingalinikeza” kunokuqagela. Ngezinye izikhathi umbuzo womphathi wemibuzo ubuza ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zendaba yakho ezithola ukuthi zibuthakathaka; ungalungisa indlela osele ngayo ukuze uxazulule lezo zinkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umnini-Ascritist ebuza ngosuku oqale wazisa ngalo ummangaleli wenkinga, kufanele ugcizelele ngokushesha ukuthi une-imeyili ku-Exhiption D.
Isiphambano cishe Esincane − Ukungcola KoFakazi (uma kusetshenziswa)
Uma icala lakho lihilela ubufakazi, lungisa imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili. Uma umine imibuzo emifushane, eholela ku- “yebo” noma“ayikho” iphendula ngamaqiniso athile. Ngokwesibonelo, “Ubone imoto yommangalelwa ishaya uthango, kulungile?” Gwema ukuvula imibuzo ekha phezulu njengo-“Sitshele ukuthi kwenzekeni.” Uma umelela wena kanye nolunye uhlangothi unommeli, isiphambano sabo singaba nolaka. Ukuma, ukuma ngaphambi kokuphendula, nokuphendula. Uma ungaqondi umbuzo, buza ukucacisa: “Ungacela yini ukuba uchaze lokho?”
Ukuzihlela Ngokwayo
Fika Kusenesikhathi Futhi Uvuke
Fika okungenani imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esihleliwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo segumbi, ubeke imiboniso, futhi uqambe. shintshisa amakhophi emifanekiso neqembu eliphikisanayo uma lingakenziwa ngemishini. Qinisa nezisebenzi zasenkantolo ukuthi noma iziphi imishini yobuchwepheshe (i-project, umbhobho) iyasebenza. Uma une-laptop noma isibhebhe, qinisekisa ukuthi sibekwe ngokugcwele.
Landela Umholi Womhluleli
Ummeli uzochaza indlela okuhlelwe ngayo. Ngokuvamile, umthelela owafaka lokho akushoyo unikeza kuqala. Hlonipha yonke imfundo yezemfundo. Uma ummemezeli ethi “ngicela uthathe impikiswano yakho yokuphetha,” ungazami ukuveza ubufakazi obusha. Umfuyi we-andercudicator ulawula ukusebenza kahle kwezindlebe; usekelana wakha umusa.
Bhala Amaphuzu Ngesikhathi Sombukiso Wommeli
Uma olunye uhlangothi lukhuluma, bhala phansi amaphuzu ofuna ukuwachaza noma ukuwacacisa. Sebenzisa lamaphuzu phakathi nokubhala kwakho noma ukuvala. Ungabhali njalo (hhomantain ngokubheka emehlweni) nomnini-aso. Amaphuzu alula azokwanela: “Ngalilimaza ngoJune 5 – kodwa nginesithombe kuJune 4 esingabonisi monakalo.”
Ukusondelana Nesicelo Esicacile Nesisebenzayo
Inkulumo yakho yokuphetha kufanele ifingxethe ubufakazi bakho obunamandla kakhulu futhi isho ngokuqondile ikhambi olifunayo. Ngokwesibonelo: “Mnum. Smith waphula isivumelwano, futhi ngikucela ukuba umyale ukuba akhokhe u-R3 500 ngemali elahlekile kanye nemali engenisa isithakazelo kanye nemali engu-R95 000 ekhokhelwayo, ngengqikithi ka-R1,700.” Gwema ukunxusa okungokomzwelo; namathela emaqinisweni nasemthetho. Ngiyabonga uma umninikhonzi wesikhathi nokunaka kwabo.
Izihibe Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzigwema
Ukugcwalisa Isikhungo Sommeli Ngokwaziswa
Ubufakazi obengeziwe abungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukufaka amakhasi angu-200 ama-imeyili angabalulekile kuveza amaqiniso abalulekile. Khetha: faka kuphela izincwadi ezifakazela ngokuqondile isici esithile sempendulo yakho noma ulwelwe i-octal. Uma unomqulu omkhulu wama-lister afanayo, khetha ama-mail amaningi anezikhombi futhi uphawu ukuthi amanye alandela indlela efanayo.
Ukuba Olwayo Noma Ongokomzwelo
Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile, phefumula kancane ume ume ume ume. Khumbula ukuthi umphikisi akathathi hlangothi; umsebenzi wakho ukuveza amaqiniso ngokuqeqeshiwe, hhayi “ingxabano nomelene naye.
Ukuhluleka Ukukhuluma Namaphuzu Aqinile Owayengayanga
Uma olunye uhlangothi lunempikiswano ephoqelelayo noma ubufakazi obungakholeki, ungabunaki. Ukubuvuma futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani, naphezu kwalelophuzu, kufanele uqhubeke unqoba. Ngokwesibonelo: “Ummangalelwa uthi ngivume ukuthi intengo iyanda engxoxweni yokukhuluma. Nokho, isivumelwano esibhaliwe e-Exhibits A sidinga noma isiphi isici esibhaliwe esibhaliwe, ngakho inani lokuqala liyaqhubeka lisebenza.” Lendlela ibonisa ukuthi umninindlu ucabanga ukuthi uhlangothi lonke.
Ukuxabana Ngokomthetho Ngaphandle Kwegunya
Uma usho umthetho, umthetho, noma umthetho wezendaba, ungaba nekhophi elungele ukunikeza umfuyi-mfishane. Okungcono, hlanganisa umbhalo obalulekile obhalwe phansi. Umahluleli akanakuthembela emthethweni omane uthi ukhona; kumelwe ufakazele okuqukethwe kuwo nohlelo lwawo. Ukuze ufakazele okuncane, lokhu kungase kungadingekile, kodwa ezifihlweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuyagxeka.
Ngemva Kokuzwa: Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo
Uma umbambi zincwadi ekhipha isinqumo, lalela ngokucophelela amagama. Uma uwina, isinqumo sizosho ukuthi yini omunye umuntu okumelwe ayenze (umz., khokhela isamba semali, ulahle impahla). Uma ulahlekelwa, ungaba nelungelo lokudlulisa, kodwa ezisekelweni ezilinganiselwe kuphela, kodwa ngephutha lomthetho noma inqubo, ungamane uxabani namaphuzu. Hlola imithetho ezwi noma i-a [“adict:1] esemthethweni inzuzo yenqubo yokudlulisa. Ezindaweni eziningi, unefasitela elimfushane (ngokuvamile 10-30) kuphela ukudlulisa, yenza isenzo ngokushesha.
Amacebiso Awusizo Ezintweni Ezizihlobisayo
Uma ungenamali yokuthenga ummeli, awuwedwa. Ukuqulwa kwecala kwamacala ezakhamuzi kuhlanganisa okungenani iqembu elilodwa elizimele. Nawa amanye amasu:
- [ Ukuvakashela enkantolo noma enkantolo phambi kwecala lakho. Hlala enkantolo ezindlebeni ezifanayo ukuze uqaphele ijubane, umkhuba, nokuziphatha okuvamile kwamajaji nama-ligigi.
- Sebenzisa imithombo yasemthethweni yamahhala. Izinkantolo eziningi zinikeza izikhungo zehelp, namawebhusayithi anjenge Usizo.org inikeza ukwaziswa okucacisiwe. Imitholampilo yomphakathi ivame ukunikeza izikhawu zeseluleko ezimfushane.
- Lungisa “ikhombo elisheshayo” ikhasi. ekhasini elilodwa, bhala uhlu lwamaqiniso abalulekile (usuku, amagama, izinombolo), izakhi ezingokomthetho okumelwe uzifakazele, nezinombolo ezibukisayo. Yibekele etafuleni uma kuvunyelwe.] Lokhu kukwenza ungagijimeli phakathi nokuzwa.
- Yenza umbukiso wakho ube ne-widter. Abaphikisi abaningi balindele ukuzwa kuphumelele. Uma inkulumo yakho yokuvula ihamba imizuzu emihlanu, ubeka ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukunaka. Umgomo wemizuzu eyodwa kuya kwemitha emithathu ukuze uvule.
Isiphetho
Ukunikeza indaba yakho engxoxweni engokomthetho kuyinselele nethuba. Ngokulungiselela kahle, ukulandisa okucacile, kanye nokuphatha kahle, ungawathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho empumelelo. Gxila emaqinisweni ukuthi indaba, hlela ubufakazi bakho ngendlela enengqondo, futhi uxhumane ngokuqondile nomshushisi. Khumbula ukuthi ukuzwa kuyithuba lakho lokulandisa indaba yakho, ukwenza isiqinisekiso, ithembeke, futhi uphelele. Ngokulandela amasu abekwe kulesiqondiso, uyongena egumbini lokulalela elilungiselelwe futhi uqiniseke, ulungele ukuveza indaba engcono kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esengeziwe ekwakheni ubufakazi, bheka imithombo evela eNational Center for State Courts bese ubukeza imithetho yendawo ewebsiteni yenkantolo yakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungumshuwalense ongcono kakhulu omelene nokumangala nendlela eqinisekile eya emphumeleni omuhle.