Unyaka ngamunye, izigidi zamaMelika zisebenzisa ilungelo lazo lokukhuluma emhlanganweni wesikole, zinikeze ukukhulumela ngesimiso esihlongozwayo sikahulumeni, noma zifaka ubufakazi phambi komkhandlu wedolobha. Lezenzo zokukhulumela umphakathi azizona nje izivumelwano zezentengiselwano zezentando yeningi. Ziyisibopho esiyinhloko sokubusa kwentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo okuphilayo, ubungcweti, nokukhathazeka, ziguqula isimiso esingaqondakali sibe izinqumo ezisekelwe ezingqondweni ezingokoqobo zomphakathi. Nokho abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi bangahlanganyela kanjani ngokuphumelelayo noma ukuthi kungani izindaba zabo zidinga igalelo lomphakathi. Ukuqonda indima yokuqala yokuhlanganyela ekuguquleni izakhamuzi ukuba zibe yisibopho esinethonyayo.

Iyini Impendulo Yomphakathi?

Ukukhulumela komphakathi kuyithuba elihlelwe kahle kubantu ngabanye — abaphethe, abaphethe, ochwepheshe, noma amaqembu athakazelayo − ukunikeza ukufakwa ezindabeni ezicatshangelwa yindikimba kahulumeni, inkampani, noma ibhodi elikhethiwe. Lokhu kufakwa kunganikezwa ngomlomo phakathi nomhlangano, kubhalwe, noma kubekwe nge-panel. Umkhuba ufakwa emithethweni kuzo zonke izinga lohulumeni, kusuka kuhulumeni Procédurect[, okudinga izinhlangano ukucela iziphetho ngemithetho ehlolwayo, ukunikeza imithetho egunyaza obala isikhathi sokunikeza ubufakazi obala.

Izimpande ezingokomlando zokukhulumela komphakathi zibuyela emuva emihlanganweni yehholo ledolobha laseNew England, lapho izakhamuzi zazihlangana khona ukuze zixoxe ngezindaba zomphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba uhulumeni waqala ukuyinkimbinkimbi futhi wasuswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izinqubo ezihleliwe zokuphendula zasungulwa ukuze kulondolozwe lowomzila oqondile wokuxhumana. Namuhla, ukukhulumela komphakathi kuyisisekelo esingokomthetho sokubona ngokukhululekile nenqubo efanele, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi izinqumo ezithinta imiphakathi zenziwa ngokufaka kwayo ukwaziswa kunokuba kube ngokwehlukana.

Okwenza Ukuphendula Komphakathi Kubaluleke

Ukukhulumela komphakathi akuyona nje indlela yokusikisela okunesizotha, kodwa kuyindlela yokusebenzisa amandla. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, ingaguqula indlela yomthetho, ukubuyisela imali, ukumisa imisebenzi eyingozi, noma amakhambi amasha. Imisebenzi elandelayo ibonisa ukuthi kungani ukukhulumela kwasobala kubalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni okuhle komphakathi.

Amandla Nenhlangano

Ngaphakathi, ukukhulumela komphakathi kunikeza abantu ngabanye indawo yokuzimela bona nomakhelwane babo. Emiphakathini ephansi emazwi ayo aye akhishwa ngokomlando, ukukhulumela komphakathi kungaba yithuluzi lokufuna imvume yokungena. Ngokwesibonelo, uma indawo engenisa imali ephansi ibhekene nesikhungo esingcolisayo, izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa izinkulumo zomphakathi ukuze zinikeze imininingwane yempilo, izindaba zomuntu siqu, nezinye iziphakamiso. Lokho kukhulumela kungacindezela izikhulu ukuba zilahle iprojekthi noma zifune izinyathelo zokukhipha isigwebo. Lokhu kunikeza amandla adlulela ngalé kwemibani eyodwa: ukuhlanganyela njalo kwakha ukuqiniseka kwezenhlalakahle yomphakathi nomuzwa wokuphatha ngaphandle kobukhonziwa.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Abenzi besinqumo somphakathi ukuba basebenze obala. Uma izikhulu zazi ukuthi izakhamuzi ziqaphile futhi zikulungele ukukhuluma, zithambekele kakhulu ekucabangeleni isithakazelo somphakathi. Amazwi alotshiwe aba yingxenye yomlando ongokomthetho, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ezinkantolo nasemaqenjini abaphathi ukuba izinhlangano ziphendule uma zingasinaki isici esifanelekile. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo inqubo yokushaya umthetho kahulumeni: izinhlangano kumelwe ziphendule emazwini abalulekile omthetho wokugcina, zichaze ukuthi kungani zamukela noma zenqaba izimpikiswano ezithile. Lemfuneko iphakamisa ukukhulumela komphakathi ngezimpawu ezingokomfanekiso zokuhlola i-boustacity.

Ukwakhiwa Kwesimiso Esimisiwe

Akukho sikhulu sikahulumeni esingaba uchwepheshe kunoma iziphi izihloko. Ukukhulumela komphakathi kuvela olwazini lwasemhlabeni olungekho umbiko wezisebenzi ongaluthatha. Ibhodi elisebenza ngepulani lingase lizwe kumnini bhizinisi omncane ukuthi imfuneko yokupaka ingayibhubhisa kanjani indlela yakhe yokuphila; ibhodi yesikole ingafunda kubazali ngezidingo ezikhethekile zabafundi besiNgisi abakhuluma izilimi; inkampani yezemvelo ingathola ukwaziswa okuvela eqedweni lezindawo ezishiwe elembula amaphutha esithombeni sokungcola.

Inhlangano Yomphakathi

Lapho omakhelwane behlangana bezokhuluma ngenkinga efanayo, funa ukuvuselela ipaki, isilinganiso sokuzola kwezimoto, noma uhlelo lwesikole olushintshayo, bakha ubuhlobo kanye nomuzwa wenjongo ehlangene. Imihlangano yeningi ngokuvamile iyizikhathi ezingavamile lapho izakhamuzi ezihlukahlukene zihlala ekamelweni elilodwa futhi zilalelane. Lengxoxo, ngisho nalapho ziphikisana, iqinisa isizinda somphakathi futhi ikhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi idemokrasi iwumsebenzi obambisanayo.

Indlela Yokwenza Izwi Lakho Lizwe: Isiqondiso Esilandelanayo

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyokusiza ukuba ulawule inqubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya ezindaweni ezizolalelwa, uzithoba enkampanini kahulumeni, noma ukhuluma nebhodi lesikole.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Thola Amathuba

Amathuba okunikeza impendulo yomphakathi angase abe khona ezimisweni ongaziyo. Qala ngokuhlola amawebhusayithi omkhandlu wakho wedolobha, ikhomishane yesifunda, ibhodi yesikole, ukuhlelwa kwekhomishane, namabhodi ezindawo zosizo. Abaningi bashicilela izimemezelo zemihlangano namazinhlelo ze-operation okungenani amahora angu-7 kusengaphambili. Ukubekwa kwe-guvernea, ukuvakashela .Gov ukufuna izikhawu zemibono evulekile ezibekwe ezimithethweni ezihlolwayo. Sisayine izixwayiso ze-imeyili ezivela ezinhlanganweni noma emaqenjini e-advo anezinkambini ezithinta imikhondo ozi.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Qonda Inqubo

Indikimba ngayinye inemithetho yayo siqu: imingcele yesikhathi yamazwi ashiwoyo (futhi imizuzu engu-2-5), izikhathi ezimisiweyo zokuzithoba okubhaliwe, nezimfuneko zokubhalisa. Funda imithetho yomhlangano noma ubize ihhovisi lomphathi. Eminye imihlangano ifuna ukuba ugcwalise isikhulumi ngaphambi kokuba siqale. Kuzo okubhaliwe, hlola ukuthi ayamukela yini amaphakethe noma umbhalo ocacile kuphela. Ukwazi imithetho kusengaphambili kuvimbela izimangaliso ezigcinayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi impendulo yakho ibhalwe kahle.

Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Lungisa Isigijimi Sakho

Ukukhulumela komphakathi okushukumisayo kulinganisela umzwelo womuntu siqu nobufakazi. Qala ngamazwi acacile ngesikhundla sakho kanye nesinqumo esiqondile okhuluma ngaso (umz., “Nginxusa iKhomishane yokuhlela ukuba iphike ukuphikisana kwe 123 Main Street ngoba izokwandisa izimoto emgwaqweni wethu ohlala kuwo”). Khona - ke nikeza ukusikisela kwakho: phawula imininingwane, okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, noma ubufakazi obuqaphile. Sebenzisa izibonelo zakho , isikole somntwana wakho, ibhizinisi lakho. /* Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvume nenkulumo yayo isekelwe. Qaphelisa iziphakamiso zezimoto zethu ngokucatshaza.

Isinyathelo 4: Phakamisa Noma Ubeke Phansi

Uma unikezana ubuso nobuso, ufika ekuseni, ugqoke ngenhlonipho, futhi ukulungele ukulinda. Uma ubizwa, sho igama lakho nekheli (uma kudingeka), khona - ke nikeza impendulo yakho ngokuthula. Sebenzisa amaphuzu uma kudingeka, kodwa gcina ukuxhumana kwamehlo neziphathimandla. Uma uthukile, khumbula ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe ziyizisebenzi zomphakathi. Ukuze zibhalwe, i-imeyili noma zifakwe phansi ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Hlanganisa igama lakho, ulwazi, nenombolo ye-chweba noma into ethile. Ezinye izinhlangano zivumela ukuphawula kwamuva, kodwa zingase zingabe ingxenye yombhalo osemthethweni.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Phishekela Ukuzibandakanya Nezingane Zakho

Ngemva kokulalela, bhala ukuthi okushoyo kwasetshenziswa kanjani. Izinhlangano eziningi zinyathelisa ukufushaniswa kwamazwi nokusabela; emihlanganweni yendawo, ukubukeza imizuzu yemihlangano. Uma isinqumo siphikisana nendawo yakho, cabangela ukunikeza izimpendulo ezengeziwe esigabeni esilandelayo (njengaphakathi nokudluliswa kwesicelo noma ukuqulwa). Landela umagazini wezezindaba zezenhlalo noma ngezindaba zendawo. Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabanye abasho izimpendulo ezingathuthukisa ithonya lakho. Futhi yikhona emihlanganweni yesikhathi esizayo: Izimpawu ezingapheli zokuthi ungumbambi wesigebengu ozobeka izikhulu icala.

Izinhlobo Zokuphendula Komphakathi Ngaphesheya Kwezikhundla Ezihlukene Zikahulumeni

Ukukhulumela komphakathi akuyona inqubo yohlobo olulodwa. Ukuqonda umongo womzimba ngamunye kukusiza ukuba ulungise indlela ozothatha ngayo ithonya elikhulu.

Ukubusa Kwama - agency Azimele

Ngaphansi kwe-Administrative Procedire Act, izinhlangano zikahulumeni (njenge-Evironmental Procebration Agency, Department of Education, noma i-Federal Commissions) kumelwe zinyathelise imithetho ehlongozwayo e- Faceral Register[ futhi zamukele izinkulumo zasobala zenkathi emisiwe : 30 kuya ku-90. Iziphetho zidluliselwa nge-[FLT]. I-Atroff idingeka ukuba ifunde futhi iphendule ezimthethweni ezicacile zomthetho wokugcina. Lenqubo inamandla kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amazwi ahlelwe kahle angaguqula umbhalo wemithetho ethinta izigidi. Iqembu eliningi linikeza izinkulumo ezibonisa ukukhulu, kodwa liveza ubufakazi obunye obukhulu. Inqunywe ngokuphawulekayo, izibalo ze-ontanga eveza amaphutha, iveza izibalo ezingokomthetho noma ezingokomthetho.

Imihlangano Kahulumeni Wasendaweni

Imikhandlu yedolobha, amakhomishane esifundazwe, namabhodi okuhlela ngokuvamile anikeza ukukhulumela komphakathi phakathi nemihlangano yabo yasikhathi sonke. Lezi zikhathi ngokuvamile zingethukela kakhulu kodwa zingaba ngokomzwelo ngoba izimpikiswano zithinta ngokuqondile indawo yakini(ukuhlanganisa, ushintsho olusepaki, ukuvalwa kwentela, noma ukuvuselelwa kwentela. Ukukhuluma emhlanganweni wendawo ngokuvamile kuyindlela efinyeleleka kakhulu yabashisekeli abasha. Ngenxa yokuthi izikhulu zingaba omakhelwane bakho noma abakhethwe endaweni, izindaba zomuntu siqu zingaba nethonya elingcono. Eminye imibuso ivumela ukukhulumela obala ngezinto ezingekho ezimikhankambisweni, eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukukhulumela obala umphakathi,” okuyindlela yokuphakamisa izimpikiswano ezintsha.

Ibhodi Yesikole Nezifunda Ezikhethekile

Izikhungo zesikole, izigodi zamanzi, iziphathimandla zezokuthutha, nezinye izinjongo ezikhethekile zohulumeni nazo zinikeza ukukhulumela komphakathi. Lezi zindikimba zivame ukwenza izinqumo ngemiphumela esheshayo .(curriculum) izinguquko zendlela yamabhasi, ukuhamba ngesivinini sosizo. Izimiso ezifanayo ziyasebenza: cwaninga umagazini, lungiselela amazwi akho, futhi uhloniphe imingcele yesikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi la mabhodi athola izimpendulo ezimbalwa kunemikhandlu yamadolobha, izwi lakho lingaba nethonya elikhulu. Imihlangano yebhodi yesikole ibuye iqale futhi ihlele umphakathi, njengoba abazali behlangana ukuze basekele imbangela eyodwa.

Izinqubo Zezinombolo Nezinzwa

Umqedazwe we-COVOVAD-19 wandisa ukusetshenziswa kokukhulumela kwasobala ngokudlula i-Flarence, i-Google Meee, noma amapulatifomu anikezelwe. Ohulumeni abaningi balondoloza ukukhetha okuxubile ngenxa yokuthi bandisa ukuhileleka kwabantu abangakwazi ukuya emsebenzini, ukunakekela izingane, noma ukukhubazeka. Amathekisi amanani avumela ukufakwa kombhalo, ividiyo, noma ngisho nokuqoshwa kwemisindo. Amanye amapulatifomu, njengalawo akhiwe ngamathuluzi afana , avumela ohulumeni ukuba balawule, baphendule ngendlela engcono, futhi baphendule ngendlela engcono kakhulu, yenza ukuba yonke inqubo ibe sobala. Njalo hlola uma indlela ekhona, uma kuvela komunye umlweli.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ukukhulumela kwasobala kuyaqhubeka kuncipha ngenxa yemingcele yangempela nebonakala ikhona. Ukusingatha lezinselele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhulumela kwasobala kubonisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu komphakathi.

Ukutholakala Nokusondelana

Imihlangano eminingi iqhutshwa phakathi namahora ebhizinisi, okwenza kube nzima kubantu abasebenzayo ukuba babe khona. Imingcele yolimi futhi ayihlanganisi izikhulumi ezingayi siNgisi. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza izinkonzo zokuhumusha noma zivumele ukukhulumela okubhaliwe ngezilimi eziningi, kodwa lokhu akuyona yonke indawo. Ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuhlangana kungenye impikiswano: amagumbi angase angabi ngawesihlalo sabakhubazekile noma angabi namathuluzi okusiza. Ukuze banqobe lemingcele, abameleli kufanele baqhubele imihlangano yakusihlwa, izinketho, izinkonzo zokuhumusha, nezindawo ezitholakalayo. Izakhamuzi zinganikeza namazwi abhaliwe uma zingenakukwazi ukuya kubo.

Isikhathi Nemithombo Yezinto Esilinganiselwe

Ukulungisa impendulo enengqondo kuthatha isikhathi(ukuhlola umagazini, ukuhlola idokotela, ukubhala, nokuzithoba. Kubazali abamatasa, izisebenzi zehora, noma abantu abanemithwalo yokunakekela, lokhu kungaba yisithiyo esibalulekile. Ikhambi liwukwakha noma ukujoyina iqembu lomphakathi elihlukanisa ukucwaninga nemisebenzi. Amaqembu amaningi ahlanganyela amaphuzu okukhuluma kanye namasilinganisi, bese ekhuthaza amalungu ukuba azenze azenze azizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amafektha anikeza amakhambiza adinga imisho embalwa kuphela, enciphisa isithiyo salabo abathatha isigaba sokuqala.

Izimo Ezingokwengqondo Nezenhlalo

Ukukhuluma obala kuwukwesaba okuvamile, futhi isimo esivamile segumbi lomkhandlu singasabisa. Izikhulu zihleli edais-asemqoka zingenza izakhamuzi zizizwe ziphansi. Uvalo lungenza abantu bakhubeke noma bafushane amazwi abo. Ukulwa nalokhu, ziba khona emihlanganweni embalwa njengengqapheli ngaphambi kokukhuluma. Zifundise ukuphendula kwakho nomngane. Khumbula ukuthi izikhulu zikhokhwa ukulalela, futhi umbono wakho uyasebenza. Amanye amagosa manje avumela “izimpendulo” ukuba zisetshenziswe ngevidiyo yangaphambi kwe-rekhodiodio, okukwenza ubhale ekhaya ngaphandle kokucindezela kokuhambisa izinto.

Ukuqinisa Izimiso Zomphakathi Zokuphendula

Izindikimba zikahulumeni zingenza okwengeziwe ukuze zikhuthaze ukuthatha isinyathelo esinenjongo. Lapho izimiso ziklanywe ngomsebenzisi engqondweni, ukukhulumela obala kuba ngaphezulu kwe-PRC(isibopho sangempela nomphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe Njengesivumisi

Ukuhlola inqubo yokukhulumela komphakathi ngobuchwepheshe kungandisa kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo. Amapulatifomu avumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafune izimpendulo ezivulekile, banikeze izimpendulo kalula, futhi babone amazwi angaphambili asiza ekususeni inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-CMS engenakhanda njenge-Draidus ingagunyaza i-create commental lapho izinhlangano zezethebula, ukwamukela izinkulumo ezihleliwe, nokubonisa ukusabela ebhodini elifinyele. Izimiso ezinjalo zingahlangana futhi ne-GIS ukubonisa indlela umthetho ohlongoneyo othinta ngayo indawo yabo, wenze ukuba le mpikiswano iqiniseke kakhulu. I-Ogasterinstruments ziqinisekisa ukuthi la mapulatime anyathelisa anyathelisa anyathelisa izinto ezisebenza ngemvume futhi ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokufinyelela (WCG2.1.1)

Isakhiwo Somphakathi Esinekhono

Ohulumeni nabenzi benzuzo banganikeza amashabhu ngendlela yokubhala izimpendulo eziphumelelayo, ukuya emihlanganweni, nokusebenzisa indlela yokulawula imithetho. Amalayibhulali, izikhungo zomphakathi, namahholo esikole kungathatha lezi zikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “izinhlangano zokubhala ezihlangene lapho omakhelwane behlangana khona ukuze benze izicelo zempi zinciphisa isici esesabisayo nesikhuthazo. Amanye amagunya manje anikeza abaqondisi abasiza amalungu omphakathi ukuba aguqule izikhalo zawo zibe yizinkulumo ezicacile nezithatha isinyathelo.

Ukusekela Imithetho Nemithetho

Imithetho ingaqinisa ukukhulumela komphakathi ngokufuna ukuba izinhlangano zinikeze iziphetho zemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi, zivume ukukhulumela ngezilimi eziningi, futhi zinikeze ukufushaniswa kolimi olucacile lwezenzo ezihlongozwayo. Imithetho ye-Sunshina kufanele igunyaze ukuba imihlangano iqoshwe futhi ifakwe amarekhodi kuyi-inthanethi. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeze imithetho efuna ukuba kuthathwe noma yini enikezwa umphakathi enqubweni yendikimba ebusayo, hhayi nje leyo ephawulwe ukuqulwa. Izakhamuzi zingasekela le ntuthuko yezimiso embusweni kazwe nasemasikweni endawo, okwenza isimiso siphumelele kakhulu kubo bonke abantu.

Isiphetho

Ukukhulumela komphakathi kungaphezu komthetho obhaliwe owenzelwe ukuguqula umthetho wentando yeningi; kungumsipha obalulekile wentando yeningi. Uma usetshenziswa njalo futhi ngenjongo, unikeza abantu abavamile amandla angavamile okuhlela imithetho, ukwahlulela, nemisebenzi echaza ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Kusuka emazwini abhaliwe athonya inhlangano kahulumeni ukuba iphinde icabange ngemithetho, enkulumweni ewunyaka-mine eshintsha ivoti yedolobha, zonke izindaba zomnikelo. Nokho, isimiso sisebenza kuphela uma abantu beyisebenzisa, futhi uma ohulumeni besusa ngentshiseko imingcele yokuhlanganyela. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe beguqula futhi behlela imiphakathi, ikusasa lamazwi omphakathi libonakala lifinyeleleka, likhanyane, futhi lisebenza. Izwi lakho alilona nje umsindo; kodwa libalulekile izihloko ezibusayo. Lungisa, futhi libonisa, liveza, futhi lithinta umphakathi.