Ukuqonda Ubungako Nenjongo Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe

Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle luhlanganisa ukuthutha okubanzi kwemisebenzi, izinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe, nabantu (kusukela emazweni anikelayo, izinhlangano eziningi, nezinhlangano ezizimele emazweni noma emiphakathini ebhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Lokhu kucindezeleka kungase kubangelwe izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo (umhlaba, izikhukhula, isomiso), izikhali, izimpi zempilo yomphakathi, noma ubumpofu obungapheli. Injongo eyinhloko iwukusindisa ukuphila, ukudambisa ukuhlupheka, nokugcina isithunzi somuntu phakathi nangemva kwezinkinga. Usizo lungahlukaniswa ngezingozi eziphuthumayo (ukudla, amanzi, ukunakekelwa kokwelapha, izindleko zokwelapha) kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezenhlalakahle, ukuqinisa izinhlangano zendawo, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukisa izimali. Nokho, ukususa izimali noma ukunikeza inzuzo engcono.

Izinqumo Eziqondile Zokulinganisa Ukuphumelela Kosizo

Ukuze banqume ukuthi izindlela zokusiza abantu bakwamanye amazwe ziyaphumelela yini, abahloli bancike ehlelweni lwezici ezihlobene. Lezi zinqumo zidlulela ngalé kwemiphumela elula ekhiqizwayo (umz., amathani okudla okulethwayo) futhi bahlole imiphumela ejulile, enenjongo kakhulu.

Umphumela Wezisulu Zabantu

Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu uwukuthi ingabe usizo luye lwathuthukisa i-tungineon ye-live versed be be bet produced. Imiphumela ilinganiswa ngezimpawu ezinjengokuncipha kokufa nokugula, izinga lokudla elithuthukisiwe, ukukhushulelwa kwemfundo yesikole, ukukhuliswa kwemisebenzi, ukukhuliswa kwamathuba okuziphilisa, kanye nokuqiniswa kwamanetha okuvikela umphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemiphumela eqondile yezempilo, amarekhodi ezempilo, kanye nokuveza ukuncishintshwa kosizo. Ngokwesibonelo, ithonya lokugoma akuwona nje inani lezingane ezigonyelwe kodwa ukuncipha kwezifo ezithintekayo. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemiphumela eqondile (umz., ukuthutha imali kwenza imikhaya ithenge ukudla) kanye nemiphumela engaqondile (i., ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wendawo yezentengiselwa ethuthukile).

Ukwaneliseka Nezindleko − Ukuphumelela

Ukwaneliseka kuhlola indlela izindleko ezishintshwa ngayo (imali, izisebenzi, izinto ezizosetshenziswayo) zishintshelwa ekuphumeni nasemiphumeleni. Uhlelo olubizayo olunenzuzo lufeza imigomo yalo ngokulahla indle encane, ukugwema ukuthatha ibhande phezulu, ukulingisa, noma ukubambeka. Abaqondisi baqhathanisa izindleko ze-ocesters phakathi kwezimo ezifanayo qhawe, ngokwesibonelo, izindleko umuntu azithola nge-metrolic scial skirligitation kunye nomthola-mthola-mpilo omisiwe. Izinhlelo ezingcono zokunikeza usizo olusekelwe emhlabeni zibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu kunosizo lwe-2462 (umz., ukuthumela ukudla), njengoba kunciphisa izindleko zezindleko futhi kuvumela abazamukelayo ukuba akhethe izidingo zakhe. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle akumelwe nakancane ngezindleko zezinga noma ngesilinganiso esilinganisweni. Kodwa uhlelo olunelisayo lungahlelekile.

Ukulondolozwa Kwezinzuzo

Ukuzinziswa kwemiphumela emihle kuhlola ukuthi imiphumela iyaqhubeka yini ngemva kokuphela komsebenzi wosizo. I- Short́terterm ibalulekile, kodwa uma imiphakathi ingahlonyiselwe ukugcina izimiso zamanzi, izinkonzo zempilo, noma intuthuko kwezolimo, intuthuko ingashabalala ngokushesha. Abafuduki bafuna ubufakazi bokuthi indawo ingeyendawo, ukudluliswa kwekhono, nokuhlanganiswa kwezimiso zesizwe. Uhlelo oluqinile luqeqesha izisebenzi zezempilo zendawo, lusebenzisa izinto ezisemthonjeni, futhi lusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala kuhulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokudla kwesikole oluxhomeke ekudleni okuthengwa kwamanye amazwe lungaphela lapho imali iphela, kanti umuntu osekela abalimi bendawo kanye nomzali ofaka amandla eposi unelungelo eliphakeme lokuhlala.

Ukuvumelana Nokuzwana

Izindawo ezinabadlali abaningi zigcwele abadlali abaningi (izinhlangano ze-UN, izinhlangano ze-UN, izinhlangano zendawo, kanye nezindikimba zikahulumeni. Ukungaxhumani kahle kuholela ezikhalani (izindawo ezingaqiniseki) kanye nezinye (ziphinde zasetshenziswa), ukuchitha imithombo kanye nokuphazanyiswa. Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlelwa, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezivamile, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokulinganisa. Ihhovisi leZizwe Ezihlangene lokuhlanganisa imicimbi yomphakathi (izinto eziphindiwe) nezindawo eziphindiwe (i-Humanicatations) ifeza indima eyisihluthulelo ekuhlolweni okuhlangeneyo. U-Evaluator ukulinganisa ukuhlangana kokwaziswa, ukuhlangana kwemihlangano ephakathi kwe-666, ukuhlangana kwengqungqungquthelana. U-Admizwane.[6]

Ukuhlanganyela Kwendawo Nokulandisa

Imiphakathi ethinteka yizimo ezibucayi ayibona abamukelayo nje kuphela; inolwazi olugxekayo ngezidingo zayo, izinto eziza kuqala, kanye nezinqubo zokubhekana nazo. Ukuthinta inqubo yendawo kusho ukuhlola ukuthi abazuzayo bahlolwa yini eklanyweni, ekusetshenzisweni, nasekuqondiseni izinhlelo zosizo. Ama-complitt, i-firlines, imihlangano yomphakathi, ivumela abantu ukuba basho izikhalo nezinqumo ezithintana kakhulu. Izinhlelo ezihilela kakhulu abaholi bendawo, amaqembu abesifazane, kanye nabantu abaphansi bathambekele ekuhlolweni nge-momo ene-mongo--mscrectory ye-Accomplitive and Perface (ALPlate)[FL:1] zinikeza isiqondiso esikhulu kulesimiso. [[FLT]

Ukusebenzisa Isikhathi Nokuziphakamisa

Ezinkingeni zokusiza abantu, isivinini sivame ukunquma ukusebenza. Usizo olulibazisayo lungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Ukuhamba kwesikhathi kulinganiselwa kusukela esikhathini lapho inhlekelele iqala lapho ifinyelela umphakathi othintekile. Nokho, isikhathi kumelwe silinganiswe no-diagnel(aid kumele kubhekane nezidingo eziphuthuma kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhambisa amabhuleki aphezulu phakathi nenhlekelele enkulu yokudla kufanelekile; ukuthumela amajazi asebusika ezindaweni ezishisayo akunazo. U-Evaluators usebenzise iziphetho ezisheshayo kanye nezinqikelelo zemakelelwa emakethe ukuqinisekisa usizo olufanele lunikezwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izindlela Nemisebenzi Yokuhlola

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Robustt kusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokulinganisa nezokuhloba, ngokuvamile eziqondiswa yizici ezimisiwe ezinjenge-ECD_DAC isilinganiso [ [ukuvuselelwa, ukuphumelela, ukusebenza, impumelelo, ithonya, ukulondolozwa]. Izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukulingwa okungalawuleki okulawulwayo: okusetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni izimo ukuqhathanisa imiphumela phakathi kokwelapha nokulawula amaqembu. Nakuba kunzima, ama-RCT angakwazi ukusebenza ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezisheshayo [1].
  • Quasilesixebperriary plaques: Umehluko [“ukungalingani (inxaki ezisuka phezulu)] noma i-drary aspect efanayo uma ithungathayo ingakho.
  • Ihlola i-Mixed נmethiods: ukuhlanganisa ukuhlola kwasekhaya nezingxoxo zeqembu ezigxile, izingxoxo eziyisihluthulelo, kanye nokuhlola ukuthatha kokubili izimo zezibalo nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela:[ kuholwe phakathi nokusabela kokunikeza ukuqondiswa okusheshayo kwezifundo, kunokuba ulinde kuze kube sekupheleni.
  • Ukuhlola kwama-paricipory:[ Ukuzuza njengezinto ezithatha indawo, ezikhulisa ubunikazi futhi zikhiphe ukuqonda kwangaphandle kungaphuthelwa.
  • [ Ukuvuna okukhishweyo: Isu elibonakalisa futhi liqinisekise izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ebuhlotsheni, noma izimo ezingathiwa zibangelwa ukungenela.

Ukuhlola isikhathi eside kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko, lapho ithonya lingathatha khona iminyaka ukuthatha ukufezeka. Abasubathi kumelwe balandele amaqembu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, balungise imithombo eminingi yemininingwane yangaphandle, futhi balungise ne-trimbulate. Ukwanda kweqoqo lokwaziswa elisekelwe kuma-electroplane projectal kuye kwathuthukisa ukuhleleka nokunemba kokuhlola ezindaweni ezikude noma ezingalondekile.

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ekususeni Usizo Olungabantu

Ngisho noma kunengqondo, abahloli babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ezingase ziphazamise ukusebenza nokusebenza kwalokho abakutholile.

Izinkinga Zokuqoqwa Kwemininingwane Ezimweni Ezibucayi

Impi eqhubekayo, izakhiwo ezicekelwe phansi, nokusheshiswa kwabantu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa noma ukuxhumana nabazuzayo. Izithiyo zokuphepha zilinganisela ukutholakala kwabahloli, futhi abaphenduli bangase bahlukumezeke noma bangathembani. Ezimweni eziningi, imininingwane yokuphatha (amarekhodi asemathunjini, amabhuloho esikole) ayiphelele noma ayithembekile. Abahluzi kumelwe bathembele kumaphepha okuvota, ukuhlola okushesha, nokuqonda okukude, kodwa lokhu kungaveza ubandlululo. Ngokwesibonelo, usizo olusakazwa ezindaweni ezifinyelelekayo lungabonakala luphumelela ngenxa nje yokuthi ukwaziswa kusekhona, kuyilapho amaqembu asemaceleni angabonakali.

Iminikelo Nezikhali Ezilwayo

Ukunquma ukuthi yini eyayingenzeka ngaphandle kosizo (olungaqondakali) ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ezimweni eziphuthumayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abadlali abaningi abasebenza kanyekanye; isimo sezulu, izingxabano, namanani entengo ashintsha ngokungalindelekile. Intuthuko yomphakathi ingabangelwa usizo, ukushintsha kwezomnotho, noma ukuqina kwayo. Abahlaziyi basebenzisa izingxenyana ezihlakaniphile nemibono eshintshayo ukuze bachaze izindlela zokukhanyisa amacawa, kodwa ukukhuphula inselele kulokhu kuyinselele.

Izihloko Ezingenangqondo

Abadlali abasebenzela abantu banezisusa ezinamandla zokubika imiphumela emihle . Ukuxhasa kwabo imali kanye nedumela kuxhomeke kuyo. Abahluli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaphansi noma ngaphandle, bangabhekana nokucindezela kokuveza okungcono. Ukungakhunjulwa okuthinta inzuzo: abantu bangakweqisa izidingo noma ukubonga kuye ngokwezimiso zesiko noma izinzuzo ezicatshangelwayo zesikhathi esizayo. Amaqoqo okuhlola okuzimele kanye nezindinganiso zokubika (njenge [[FLT: 0] International Aid Incopedifiction[[]) kuyasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu kuthambekela, kodwa abakwazi ukukuqeda ngokuphelele.

Imijikelezo Emifushane Yezinombolo

Inkokhelo eningi yokusiza abantu yabelwe izinyanga ezingu-12 noma ngaphansi, iqhutshwa ukunxusa kwaminyaka yonke kanye nezimali ezisetshenziswayo. Lolu vekishi olufushane lunqanda ukutshala imali ngokuhlola okunzima, okudinga isikhathi eside nemithombo egciniwe. Izinhlelo zivame ukuhlolwa kuphela ekupheleni, ziphelelwe amathuba okulawula imali. Abanikazi ababeka imali ebaluleke kakhulu bangase banqene ukukhokha imali ngezimali, bayibheke njengesithikamezo esisekelwe ekusizeni okuqondile. Umphumela uwumjikelezo wokungangeni okungaphansi kwe- - 066 kuya phambili ekusebenziseni izindlela ezingagunyazi.

Imiphumela Engalinganiswayo

Akuyona yonke imiphumela ebalulekile elinganiselwa kalula. Isithunzi, amandla, ukubambisana kwezenhlalo, nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kuyizici ezibalulekile ekusabeleni kobuntu, kodwa bamelana nokulinganisela okulula. Abasebenzisi basebenzisa amasampula aqinisekiyo (umz., i-PTSD - Anchelist for religion quality) nezindlela zokulandisa, kodwa lokhu kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile nokuzivumelanisa. Ukuncintisana kwezici ezibonisayo kungaholela “embonweni ze-tultlet,” lapho izinhlelo zifaneleka khona ngokokulinganisa kunezinto.

Ukuhlola Indaba: Izifundo Ezitholakala Ekuhlolweni Kwezwe Kwangempela −

Ukuhlola izibonelo eziqondile kubonisa indlela izimiso zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa ngayo ekusebenziseni nokuthi iziphi intuthuko engenziwa.

Ukudluliswa Kwemali Esimweni Esibucayi SaseSiriya

Isilinganiso esikhulu se-World Food Programme ithola ukuthi usizo olusekelwe emalini lubiza kakhulu kunokusakaza ukudla kwamalungu emikhaya futhi lunemiphumela emihle emiphakathini ezungezile. Nokho, ukuhlola okuphawuliwe yizingozi: ukwanda kwenkokhelo, ukuhlasela, nokuvikela abesifazane ekuphatheni imali. Ukusabela okuye kwahlanganisa izinkonzo zezemali ezifana nokuphatha nokuqeqeshwa kwezezimali.

Ukusabela Kwe - Ebola ENtshonalanga Afrika

Isifo se - Ebola sonyaka ka-2014.2016 eGuinea, eLiberia, naseSierra Leone sembula izingozi zokuthatha isinyathelo esihamba kancane, esihambisanayo. Ukuhlola imibiko ye- World Health Organization nezindawo ezizimele zaqokomisa ukuthi usizo lokuqala kwakunikeza inqubo elungiselelwe (umz., ukuthutha izibhedlela ezihamba phambili) kuyilapho isidingo esiphuthuma kakhulu sasiwukuthembisana nokwethemba u-66. Ukuhlola kwagcizelela ukuthi ukusabela kwempilo okusebenzayo kudinga ukuhlanganiswa nobudlelwane obunezelwe nabaholi bendawo, ukuxhumana okukhanyisayo, nokuvumelana nezimali. Lezi zifundo ezihambisana nemithetho emishayo eziphehlwayo. Isihluthulelo sithatha indawo: ukuhlola inqubo (indlela yokusiza) ibalulekile njengomphumela wokuhlola.

Usizo Lokudla Ophondo Lwase - Afrika

Isomiso esiphinda saqala e-Ethiopia, eSomalia, naseKenya siye sabangela amashumi eminyaka yosizo lokudla. Ukuhlola Inhlangano yezokudla nezolimo kuye kwabonisa ukuthi nakuba usizo lokudla lusindisa ukuphila esikhathini esifushane, alunaso izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokukhubazeka ("ukuhlaziywa kwendawo, izimakethe ezibuthakathaka, nokungalawuleki kwesimo sezulu. Ukungenela okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa usizo lokudla kanye nokusekela ukuphila: ukusakaza imbewu, ukuvuna amanzi, nokuphuzisa imfuyo. U-Evator manje ugcizelela isidingo “sokuhleleka kwemiya ebhuloneni" okusiza ukunqanda ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo kunzima ukuhlaziya ngenxa yemiphumela yayo eminyakeni eminingi, kodwa i-66% yezifundo ezithatha isikhathi eside zinikeza ubufakazi bezinzuzo ezikhona.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuthuthukisa Usizo Lomuntu

Isebenzisa lezinselele nezifundo, imikhuba eminingana engcono kakhulu ingaqinisa ukuphumelela kokuhlola kwesikhathi esizayo.

  • Ukuhlola okufakiweyo kusukela ekuqaleni: Alocate imithombo yeqoqo lokwaziswa okusekelwe kusisekelo, umklamo wezimpawu ezingokoqobo, futhi wakhe izigingqi zokubuyisela ezisetshenziswani kohlelo. Amaqoqo okuhlola kwesikhathi sangempela se-620 anganikeza ulwazi oluqhubekayo.
  • Sebenzisa izindlela ezixubile kanye nokuhlanganisa: Imininingwane yokuphatha, izingqwembe zomphakathi, nezingxoxo zomphakathi ukuze kunqamule okutholakele nokuthatha ukuvumelana.
  • hlela izimiso zezimiso kanye nezindlela ezihlanganisayo: Uthola imvume yolwazi, uvikele imfihlo yokwaziswa, futhi uhlanganise amaqembu acushiwe (abesifazane, abantwana, abakhubazekile, amaqedlwnawo angokobuhlanga) kulenqubo yokuhlola.
  • IFOster ezimele amahhovisi okuhlola:[ Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zosizo, ihlukanisa umsebenzi wokuhlola kubaphathi bohlelo ukuze kuncishiswe izingxabano zesithakazelo. Shicilela yonke imibiko, ngisho nalezo ezibonisa imiphumela edumazayo.
  • Ingaphakathi elisemgceni wokuhlola wendawo: Qeqesha abacwaningi bendawo namalungu omphakathi ukuba baqoqe ukwaziswa futhi bachaze okutholiwe. Lokhu kwakha ukusekela nokubaluleka komongo.
  • Abaphathi abavumelanisayo: Sebenzisa ukutholwa hhayi nje emibhalweni elandisayo kodwa ukulungisa izinhlelo ngesikhathi sangempela. Amathuluzi okuxhasa imali, njenganika iminyaka engamashumi amane nane, yenza lokhu kube lula.
  • chaza izikhombi ngendlela efanelekile uma kungenzeka: Izibalo ezijwayelekile (umzk., indinganiso ye-Handbook) ivumela ukuqhathaniswa phakathi komongo nesikhathi, kodwa kumele ivumele ukuvumelana nomongo.

Izigwebo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ubuchwepheshe Nokushintsha Kwesimiso Sokwenza Izinto

Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi emisebenzi yokwakha nokushintshashintsha kwezimiso zokwakha zomphakathi kuthembisa ukuhlaziya kakhulu futhi kube usizo. Ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuhambayo, imifanekiso yeziphuphutheki, nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kwenza ukuba kusheshe, kunciphe, futhi kubeke imishini ezindaweni ezinamatheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bungahlola amarekhodi emininingwane emininingwane noma imishini yezezezezesayensi ukuze kuhlolwe ukunyakaza kwabantu nokudinga okukhona cishe ngesikhathi esingokoqobo. Nokho, lezi zimo zobuchwepheshe ziphakamisa izinkathazo zomuntu siqu kanye nokungaqondisi okumelwe kuqondiswe ngesilinganiso esiqinile sokulawula. Isivumelwano se-Grand Bargain, phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinikelayo nezinhlangano ezinikeza usizo, izimpawu zokubonisa ukukhanya okukhulu, izicelo ezihambisana nokusekela izinhlelo ezingcono, nokusekela okwengeziwe kwezelulekwa kwezelule izingxoxo zokusabela. Lezi zifuna ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa kokwaziswa okutholakalayo.

Isiphetho

Iqeda ukuphumelela kosizo lwangaphandle oluwusizo umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kodwa obalulekile. Ngaphandle kokuhlola okuqinile, imizamo enzima ingahluleka ukufinyela, ingabi namali etholakalayo, noma ngisho ibangele umonakalo. Izimiso ezidwetshwe(impumelelo, ukusebenza kahle, ukusekela, ukubambisana, ukuthatha isikhathi, nokusebenza ngohlelo olubanzi lokwahlulela. Indinganiso ngayinye iveza izinselele zayo, kusukela ekunciphekeni kwemiyalo ephikisanayo kuya ekutholeni imiphumela enzima. Kodwa yona kanye isenzo sokuhlola amabutho obuntu ukuba acace ngokucacile ngemibono yawo yokushintsha, ukulalela imiphakathi, nokuzivumelanisa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa amandla ahlukahlukene, nokuveza ukubonakala, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe angaphandle kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusiza ekutholeni imiphumela engcono kakhulu.