Table of Contents

Indlu yabameleli ingenye yezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu eMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi, isebenza njengezwi eliqondile labantu kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Ukuqonda indlela lendikimba yezemithetho esebenza futhi ithonya ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke kudingekile kusona sonke isakhamuzi esifuna ukuhileleka ngokubaluleka kuhulumeni nakumphakathi waso. kusukela ekunakekeleni impilo nasemfundoni kuya ezinhlanganweni zezemfundo nasekulondekeni komphakathi, izinqumo ezenziwa eNdlwaneni yabameli zingena kuyo yonke indawo, idolobha, kanye namadolobhana akhona.

Ukuqonda Indlu Yabameleli: Isakhiwo Nesisekelo

Indlu yabameleli yase-U.S. yenza futhi idlulise imithetho kahulumeni njengenye yezindlu ezimbili zomkhandlu, eduze kweSigebengu sase-U.S., ukwakha ingxenye yegatsha lomthetho likahulumeni. Inani labameleli bokuvota eNdlwini limiswe umthetho ungabi ngaphezu kuka-435, ngokulinganayo emelela inani labantu bamazwe angu-50. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi uma kunemiphakathi emikhulu kunabameleli abengeziwe, kuyilapho isifunda ngasinye siqinisekiswa okungenani ummeleli oyedwa kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bezwe.

Ummeleli ngamunye ukhethwa ukuba abe yilungu leminyaka emibili ekhonza abantu besifunda esithile sobubhishobhi. Lomjikelezo omfushane wokhetho waklanywa ngamabomu oFata abaFundi Bokusungula ukuze bagcine abameleli behlangene kakhulu nezinkathazo nezidingo zabo. Indlu yabameleli yaklanyelwa ukuba ibe yindikimba yemithetho eseduze nabantu baseMelika, ibonise ukukhathazeka nezifiso eziseduze, kanye namalungu ayo ekhuphukeleni lokukhetha njalo eminyakeni emibili futhi amelele izifunda ezincane ukuba athathele phambili ezinswini ezishintsha ngokushesha zentando yomphakathi.

Ummeleli ukhuluma ngabantu abangaba ngu-550 000 esifundeni sakhe uqobo. Lokhu kuboniswa okugxile kuvumela amalungu endlu ukuba azile izinselele eziyingqayizivele zesifunda, amathuba, nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngokungafani nabameleli okulinganisela izithakazelo ezihlukahlukene zezwe lonke, abameleli bangahlala begxile kakhulu ezidingweni eziqondile zemiphakathi yabo.

Amandla Omthetho - sisekelo Neziphathimandla Eziphelele

Indlu yabameleli inemibuso eminingana eyingqayizivele eyihlukanisayo neSigele futhi iyinikeza ukubaluleka okukhethekile esimisweni sikahulumeni. Igunya elikhethekile lendlu lihlanganisa ukusungula zonke izikweleti zemali, ukukhuthaza izikhulu zikahulumeni, nokukhetha umongameli uma kungekho mmeleli othola amavoti amaningi e-Electoral College. Lemithwalo yemfanelo engokomthetho ibeka iNdlu enkabeni yemisebenzi kahulumeni egxekayo.

Umthetho Wemali Nemali

Indlu inamandla akhethekile okusungula izikweleti zemali, ngokuphawulekayo ithonya inkambiso yezezimali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umthetho ohlobene nentela nenzuzo kahulumeni kumelwe uvele eNdlu yabameleli. Lo mbuso unikeza ummeleli wakho indima eqondile ekulolongeni izimiso zezomnotho zesizwe, izakhiwo zentela, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemali. Lapho izimpikiswano zezentengo zeSishaya-Mnyango, noma izimali zesimiso somphakathi, ingxoxo iqala eNdlungwini.

Izinqumo zemali ezenziwa yileyo Home zithinta ngokuqondile imiphakathi yendawo ngezindawo ezinikezwa uhulumeni ngokwezimali, izinhlelo, nezimiso zentela ezithinta abantu ngabanye, imikhaya namabhizinisi. Abameleli kumelwe balinganisele izinto eziza kuqala kwezomnotho zesizwe nezidingo ezikhethekile zezifunda zabo, bakhuthaze ukusekela imali esekela izikole zendawo, izibhedlela, izimiso zokuhamba, nezinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo.

Igunya Eliyigunya Eliyisekelayo

Indlu yabameleli izakukhetha isikhulu sawo kanye nezinye izikhulu futhi ibe negunya eliwukuphela kwalo lokunikeza. Leligunya lomthetho ngokomthetho lenza iNdlu ibe indikimba eqalayo ukuba ithathe iziphakamiso ngokumelene nezikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nomongameli, umongameli oyisekela, namajaji kahulumeni. Nakuba iSigele siqhuba icala futhi sinqume icala noma ubumsulwa, iNdlu isebenza njengejaji elikhulu lesizwe, iphenya futhi inqume ukuthi ubufakazi obanele yini obungaletha amacala.

Umtapo womtholalwazi

Abameleli bavula izikweleti nezinqumo, banikeza izinqumo futhi basebenze emakomitini. Inqubo yokushaya umthetho eMzini iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inezici eziningi, ifuna abameleli ukuba bahlanganyele emisebenzini eminingi ngaphandle kokuvota nje ezikweletini. Kumelwe bacwaninge ngemithetho yemithetho, bafune ukuxoxa nozakwabo, futhi bakhe imifelandawonye ukuze bathuthukise izinto zabo eziza kuqala.

Amakomiti amile endlu anemithetho ehlukene yokulawula ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, ngalinye licabangela izikweletu nezindaba futhi litusa izinyathelo zokucatshangelwa kwendlu, futhi linemithwalo yemfanelo yokwengamela izinhlangano, izinhlelo, nemisebenzi ezindaweni eziphethe. Le komiti ivumela abameleli ukuba bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile zezimiso nokuziphatha okunemininingwane yokuhlolwa komthetho ohlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuba ifike esitezini esigcwele sendlu.

Indlela Abameleli Abakuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Nsuku zonke, abameleli benza izinqumo futhi benze izinto ezithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila emphakathini wakini. Ukuqonda lezi thonya kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele ukubaluleka kokuhlala zihlangene nezikhulu zazo ezikhethiwe.

Izakhiwo Nentuthuko Yasendaweni

Abameleli banendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni izimali zikahulumeni emikhankasweni yezemfundo yendawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-computer mabhuloho agugile, izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zamanzi, noma ukuthuthukisa imigwaqo, abameleli bakho bempahla eniyidingayo emphakathini wenu. I-Algatation, noma ukuthonya kwemali yesizwe ngezindlela ezisiza isifunda noma isifundazwe, kungasho ukuqongelela imali emsebenzini othile wesifunda esinjengesikhumulo sezindiza, noma ukukhokha intela yezinhlobo ezithile zezolimo noma ezokwakha.

Lapho ummeleli ephumelela esekela ukuxhumana komgwaqo omusha noma indawo yokwelapha imfucumfucu yesimanje, izinzuzo zitholakala kuwo wonke umphakathi amashumi eminyaka.

Imfundo Nentuthuko Esebenzayo

Isimiso semfundo kahulumeni sithonya kakhulu izikole zendawo, amakholiji namayunivesithi. Abameleli bevoti yemithetho ethinta izinhlelo zabafundi zokuboleka imali, imali ekhethekile, ukuqeqesha othisha, nobuchwepheshe bezemfundo banikeza izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi ezisiza amalungu omphakathi ukuba athole amakhono amasha futhi athole umsebenzi.

Ukuma kommeleli wakho ngemali yemfundo kunganquma ukuthi isifunda sesikole sendawo yakini sithola yini izimali zezinhlelo ze-STEM, ukuthi amakholiji omphakathi angandisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi, nokuthi abafundi endaweni yakini bangathola yini imfundo ephezulu efinyelelekayo.

Ukutholakala Kwezokwelapha Nempilo Yomphakathi

Umthetho wezokwelapha okhishwa yileyo Home uthinta yonke into kusukela kumali yomshuwalense namanani emithi egunyaziwe kuya ekuxhaseni izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi nezibhedlela zasemaphandleni. Abameleli bamavoti eMedicare naseMidicaid athonya izigidi zamaMelika, kuhlanganise nabaningi emphakathini wakini abathembele kulezinhlelo ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa okubalulekile kwezokwelapha.

Lapho kuphuthuma impilo yomphakathi, abameleli basebenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izifunda zabo zithola imithombo enele, izinto zokwelapha nezinkonzo zokusekela.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho Nendalo Yomsebenzi

Abameleli bathonya izimiso zezomnotho ezithinta ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi, ukuthuthuka kwezebhizinisi, nethuba lezomnotho ezifundeni zabo. Bavota ezivumelwaneni zezohwebo, izinhlelo ezincane zokusekela amabhizinisi, intuthuko yezomnotho, nezimiso ezithinta izimboni zendawo. Ngokuqonda izinhlelo zezomnotho zezifunda zabo, abameleli bangasekela izimiso ezisekela izigaba eziyinhloko kanye nezindawo ezisiza abantu bazivumelanisa nezinguquko zezomnotho.

Lapho imisebenzi yezemisebenzi incipha noma kuvela izimboni ezintsha, abameleli bangasebenza ukuze bakhange abatshali bezimali, baqeqeshe izisebenzi futhi benze izimo ezingcono ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nokusabela Ngokuphuthumayo

Izimali ezixhaswa abasebenzi bomthetho, iminyango yomlilo, ukulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, nokusabela ngenhlekelele zigeleza ngomthetho odluliswa yindlu. Abameleli bezincwadi ezibonisa ukuthi umnyango wamaphoyisa wendawo ungaqasha izikhulu ezengeziwe, ukuthi umnyango wakho womlilo ungathenga yini imishini emisha, nokuthi umphakathi wakho ungathola yini ukusekelwa ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Abameleli bathonya nezimiso ezihlobene nokulondeka kwezwe, ukuvikelwa kwe - Internet nokuzilungiselela okuphuthumayo okuthinta indlela imiphakathi evikela ngayo izakhamuzi futhi ibhekane ngayo nezinkinga.

Ubuhlobo Obuseduze Nommeleli

Amalungu angase asebenze njengabameleli, abameleli, noma abahlali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi njengabasekeli, ngenxa yabameleli, uhulumeni wendawo, noma ezinye izinhlangano, nendima yenkonzo yokulwela izinhlangano ehlukahluka kakhulu futhi ihilela imisebenzi eminingana ehlanganisa ukufinyelela ngaphandle, ukuqoqa ukwaziswa ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni, ukuqoqa amacala lapho amalungu eqembu enikeza khona usizo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezinhlangano, ukunikeza izimemezelo zenkonzo ze - United States, nokuhlela ukuhambela noma ukuhambela iCapitol.

Izinkonzo Eziwusizo Nemisebenzi Yokucophelela

Ilungu ngalinye le-Congress lisebenzisa "izisebenzi," kokubili eWashington, D.C., nasemahhovisi endawo, ezisiza abameleli ngezicelo ezisukela kwezilula, njengosizo ngezakhiwo zikahulumeni, kuya ku-inkinga, njengokulungisa amaphutha emibhalweni yenkonzo yomakadlwana. Le nkonzo ehlangeneyo imelela enye yezindlela eziqondile nezingazomuntu siqu ezisiza amalungu omphakathi.

Isehlo sezenkantolo singasiza ezimpikiswaneni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo ze-Social Security, iziphakamiso zeMedicare, izinzuzo zomakadebona, izindaba zokufuduka, izinkinga zentela kahulumeni, kanye nezicelo ze-passport. Lapho abameleli behlangana nezithiyo zezikhulu ze-cureaucracy noma ukulibala nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ihhovisi lommeleli wabo lingangenela ngokuvamile ekukhipheni isinqumo.

Ku-izinhlangano, izicelo zezezimali zomphakathi zingaveza izinkinga ezibanzi, ezingokwesimiso nezimiso zazo, kanye nezi-Congress, izicelo zezezimali zingafeza indima ebalulekile ekuqondiseni izinhlangano eziphethe, zivumela amalungu eSishaya-mthetho ukuba aqaphele ukusebenza nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ezigunyaza iziKhomishane nezimali. Lokhu kuveza kusiza abameleli ukuba baphawule izinkinga ezingase zidinge izixazululo zomthetho.

Ukumelela Nokubusa

Enhloko - dolobha yesizwe, Amalungu akhonza njengabasekeli bemibono nezidingo zabantu abakanye nabo kanye nabaphathi bezithakazelo zesizwe, nomsebenzi wokulinganisa ohlanganisa umsebenzi womthetho, njengokuhlola amalungiselelo emithetho ehlongozwayo yethonya lenkonzo emelelwe indawo, noma imisebenzi ehlanganyelwayo, njengokusiza abantu ngabanye, ohulumeni bendawo, nezinhlangano ekutholeni impatho nezinzuzo zikahulumeni.

Indlu yabameleli ibalulekile enqubweni yokushaya umthetho njengoba amalungu ayo emelela izigodi ezincane, ezisendaweni ezungezile, ezivumela abameleli ukuba bavumelane kakhulu nezidingo eziqondile nezikhathaza abameleli bazo, ezibenza bakwazi ukusebenzelana ngokuqondile nomphakathi futhi bathuthukise ubuhlobo obuseduze, futhi ngokungafani nabameli abavame ukugxila ezinkathazweni zikahulumeni ezibanzi, abameleli base Home bangathola ukuphikisana okusheshayo ezindabeni zesimiso.

Lokhu kuhlangana okuseduze phakathi kwabameleli nezigodi zabo kuveza amathuba engxoxo enengqondo ngokuphathelene nesimiso esiza kuqala. Abameleli abagcina ubuhlobo obuqinile nemiphakathi yabo bangasekela inzuzo yendawo eWashington ngokuphumelelayo futhi bachaze indlela izimiso zikahulumeni eziyothinta ngayo abameleli babo.

Ukulinganisela Izithakazelo Zendawo Nezesizwe

Uma sicabangela isimo esishukumisayo sokuhlangenwe nakho kobuhlanga, izinto ezibekwa kuqala ezindima ezihlukahlukene zamalungu zithambekele ekushintsheni ekusabeleni ezinguqulweni zemisebenzi, isabelo sekomiti, isimiso, izinto eziza kuqala, ukuhola kwesifunda noma umbuso, ukucindezela kokuhlelwa kwezinhlangano, nezingcindezi ezikhethekile, nezindima nemisebenzi ekhethekile yelungu eliqokonyiswa noma elincishiswe ngokuvumelana nalokho, futhi nakuba izici zazo zonke lezizindima zingatholakala phakathi kwemisebenzi eyenziwa yinoma yimuphi uMphathi noma uMmeleli, izinga ngalinye eliphathwa ngalo ngokwehluka phakathi kwamalungu.

Abameleli kumelwe balinganisele njalo izimfuno ezincintisanayo: ukukhonza izinhlangano ngazinye, ukuthuthukisa indawo ephambili, ukusekela uhlelo lweqembu labo lezombangazwe, nokusingatha izinselele zezwe. Lokhu kulinganisela kudinga ukwahlulela, ikhono lezombangazwe, nokuqonda okucacile izinto eziza kuqala.

Isimiso SeKomiti: Lapho Umthetho Ushintsha Khona

Umsebenzi omningi wendlu owenziwa kumakomiti, lapho abameleli baqala khona ubuchwepheshe, ukuphatha, nokuhlela imithetho ngaphambi kokuba ifike esitezi esigcwele sendlu. Ukuqonda isimiso sekomiti kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele ukuthi zihlelwe kuphi futhi kanjani izinqumo zezimiso.

Amakomiti Amile

Indlu inakekela amakomiti amaningi amile, ngalinye elinezikhundla eziphethe izindawo ezithile ezingokomthetho. Lezi zihlanganisa amakomiti agxile kwezolimo, ukuhloma, izinkonzo zezikhali, uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali, imfundo nemisebenzi, amandla nezentengiselwano, izinkonzo zezezimali, izindaba zangaphandle, ukulondeka kwezwe, imithombo yezezimali, izinto zemvelo, ezokuhamba nezokulungisa izinto, izindaba zomuntu onokuhlangenwe nakho, nezinye eziningi.

Indawo yemisebenzi yokuhlela imisebenzi yenhlangano yikomiti, lapho kuhlelwa khona omunye umsebenzi womthetho weSishaya-mthetho, futhi ngaphandle kweminye, amalungu oMkhandlu ngokuvamile abelwa amakomiti namakomiti amancane ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kungalindeleke ukuba athuthukise ukuqashelwa kwezimiso eziza phambi kwalezizindawo, amalungu ekomiti ehlanganyela ekubuzeni ofakazi, ahlanganyele ekuhleleni izikhawu zokuhlela nokulungisa umbhalo wemithetho, futhi akhethe ukuthi athumele yini izinyathelo ezithile ngaphansi kwegumbi lawo.

Uma ummeleli wakho ekhonza ekomitini ethinta izithakazelo zomphakathi wakho, bathola ithonya ezimisweni ezithinta indawo yakini. Ngokwesibonelo, ummeleli wesifunda sezolimo ekhonza e-Agriculture Committee angaklama ngokuqondile umthetho wezepulazi, kuyilapho ummeleli ovela esifundeni sogu lwe-Natural Resources Committee engathonya ukulawulwa kolwandle nokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yokuvelela

Amakomiti awagcini nje ngokubhala imithetho; futhi aqondisa indlela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisebenzisa ngayo umthetho okhona futhi ziwusebenzise ngayo. Ngokuzwa, ukuphenya, nokuhlola izinhlangano, amakomiti aqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zikahulumeni zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi zifeze izinjongo zazo ezihlongozwayo. Lo msebenzi wobubonisi usiza ekuboneni indleko, ukukhwabanisa, ukuxhaphaza, nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni.

Indima yenkonzo yokuqondisa inikeza nelungu ithuba lokubona ukuthi izinhlelo zikahulumeni zisebenza kanjani, futhi yiziphi izinkinga okungase kudingeke zixazululwe ngokuqondisa okungokomthetho noma umthetho. Abameleli basebenzisa ukuqonda okutholakala emsebenzini wobucukubhede ukuze bazise imisebenzi yabo futhi baqaphele izindawo lapho kungase kudingeke khona izinguquko zemithetho.

Izimiso Zobuholi Neqembu Kunamandla

Abaholi bezindlu, abaholi abaningi nabambalwa, abaholi abasekelayo, iziswebhu neqembu noma ingqungquthela, isikhulumi esisebenza njengomholi wendlu futhi sihlanganisa izindima eziningana zezinhlangano nezokuphatha, iningi nabaholi abambalwa abamelela izigaba zabo ezisesitezini sendlu, neziswebhu ezisiza ekuqondiseni isimiso somthetho seqembu labo esiphansi.

Umkhulumeli Wendlu

UmSheimer weNdlu usebenza njengesikhulu sesikhulu sendlu nelungu elinamandla kakhulu lendlu. Uma eqashelwa amalungu agcwele endlu, uSpeaker uvela eqenjini elikhulu futhi uphethe ithonya elikhulu ezimisweni zomthetho, izabelo zekomiti, nezenzo zaphansi. USheaker unquma ukuthi yiziphi izikweleti ezithathwayo, izikhulu zekomiti ezikhuthazayo, futhi umelela iNdlu ekusebenzelaneni yeSigele, uMongameli, nezikhulu zakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuba Mukhulu Nokuhola Okuncane

Abaholi abaningi nabambalwa basebenza njengabakhulumeli abakhulu nabazingcweti bamaqembu abo. Basebenzela ukuthuthukisa iziphakamiso zemithetho yeqembu labo, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yaphansi, nokwakha imifelandawonye ukuze kudluliswe umthetho. Laba baholi badlala izindima ezibalulekile ekuxazululeni ukuyekelela nokulawula amandla ezombangazwe ayinkimbinkimbi alawula imiphumela yemithetho.

Ithonya Leqembu Kwabameleli

Inhlangano nobuntu beNdlu Yabameleli baye bavela ngaphansi kwethonya lamaqembu ezombangazwe, anikeza indlela yokulawula nokuqoqa izikhundla ezidingekayo, nabaholi beqembu abanjengesikhulumi seNdlu neningi nabaholi abambalwa abadlala indima eyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwalenhlangano, nakuba ukuyala kweqembu bekungaqinile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi amalungu, okumelwe abhekane nokuncintisana njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngokuvamile avotela izithakazelo zezifunda zawo kunokuba athathele iqembu lawo lezombangazwe lapho kusuka amaqembu amabili.

Lokhu kuphikisana phakathi kokwethembeka kweqembu nezindaba zesigodi kudala amathuba okuba abameleli babonise ukuzibusa uma izinto eziza kuqala zendawo zingqubuzana nezikhundla zeqembu. Abameleli abaqonda imicimbi yabameleli babo ngezinye izikhathi bangahlukana neqembu labo ukuze basekele izimiso ezisiza imiphakathi yabo kangcono.

Ukuhlanganyela Nommeleli Wakho: Ukwenza Izwi Lakho Lizwiwe

Ukuqonda indlela yokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo nommeleli wakho kukwenza ukwazi ukuthonya izinqumo ezinqunywayo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izinto ezikukhathazayo ziyanakwa.

Ukuba Khona Emihlanganweni YamaHholo Omuzi

Ihholo ledolobha liwumhlangano lapho izikhulu ezikhethiwe noma abanye abameleli bakahulumeni behlanganisa khona amalungu omphakathi wabo ukuze axoxe ngezindaba ezithile, azwe ngokuqondile emiphakathini yakubo, futhi aphendule imibuzo, njengoba amahholo asemadolobheni ewumgogodla kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika futhi ngokuvamile eyenzeka phakathi nezindawo zikahulumeni lapho amalungu oMkhandlu esezindaweni zakubo kunaseWashington, DC.

Ukuya ehholo ledolobha noma komunye umkhosi womphakathi kungaba isenzo esinamandla ukuze abameleli bazi umphakathi wabo balalele, futhi bahlanganyele kakhulu uma ufika uzimisele ukubuza imibuzo emifushane neqondile ngokuthi yini abayenzayo ukuze basekele, bavikele, futhi bathuthukise umphakathi futhi baxoxe ngezindaba eziphathelene nawe.

Amahholo edolobha anikeza amathuba okuxhumana ubuso nobuso nommeleli wakho, akuvumela ukuba ubuze imibuzo, uveze ukukhathazeka, futhi uzwe ngokuqondile ngezimo zawo nezinto eziza kuqala. Lezi zenzakalo zibonisa ukuthembisana komphakathi futhi zingathonya indlela abameleli ababheka ngayo izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukuxhumana nehhovisi lommeleli wakho

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ilungu leKhongolo ledolobha noma lihlanganyela emkhosini womphakathi, thintana nehhovisi lesigodi, uthintane nokwaziswa kwehhovisi lendawo okutholakala ngemithombo enjenge-LWV Edecters. Abameleli banakekela kokubili amahhovisi esifunda eWashington, D.C. namahhovisi esigodi endawo ukuze kuvuselelwe ukuxhumana.

Uma uthintana nehhovisi lommeleli wakho, cacisa, fingqa, futhi uchaze izinto ezikukhathazayo. Yisho igama lakho, ikheli, nokwaziswa kothintana nomphakathi wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ungummeleli wakho. Chaza ukuthi lendaba ikuthinta kanjani wena noma ithinta kanjani umphakathi wakho. Uma ubiza umthetho oqondile, thumela inombolo yemali uma kungenzeka.

Abameleli nabameleli bancike kakhulu eqenjini labo le-DC Washington − ngokusemthethweni basebenzisa ama-Freaders , ukuze babe nolwazi nokwaziswa okuyinhloko ekwabelwe ephepheni elinolwazi oluyinhloko, bethonya kakhulu isimo sesikhulu esikhethiwe endabeni, ngakho umhlangano nezisebenzi ze-Congregation ezisebenza ezimisweni ezibalulekile kuwe ukutshala imali enkulu, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyokwenza ubuhlobo obuthembekile nabo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezinhlanganweni Zomphakathi

Ngaphandle kwamahholo asemthethweni amadolobha, abameleli bavame ukuhlanganyela ezikhungweni zomphakathi, emihlanganweni yenhlangano yomphakathi, nasemicimbini yendawo. Lemibuthano inikeza amathuba engeziwe okuhlanganyela nommeleli wakho futhi ixoxe ngezindaba ezithinta umphakathi wakini. Amagumbi ezentengiselwano, izikhungo zomphakathi, izinhlangano zonokuhlangenwe nakho, namaqembu entuthuko yomphakathi avame ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo ezinjalo.

Ukukhulumisana Okulotshiwe

Izincwadi, ama-imeyili, nezingcingo ehhovisi lommeleli wakho konke kunengxenye ekulolongeni ukuqonda kwabo izinto eziza kuqala. Nakuba ukuxhumana ngakunye kungathola izimpendulo zomuntu siqu njalo kummeleli, amalungu ezisebenzi alandelela imibiko futhi aqoqe imibiko ngezindaba ezikhushulwa kakhulu.

Lapho ubhalela ummeleli wakho, gxila engxoxweni eyodwa, chaza ukuma kwakho ngokucacile, futhi uchaze indlela lendaba ekuthinta ngayo wena noma umphakathi wakini.

Izindawo Zokwakha Izikole

U-Foster ubudlelwane obubambisanayo nozakwakhe, omakhelwane, abangane nezinhlangano zendawo ukuze alwele ukuletha ukunaka kwakho ehhovisi le-Congregational lendawo. Ukuhlomisa ukuphatha izinhlangano eziningi kubonisa ukusekela komphakathi kabanzi kule ndaba futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba ummeleli wakho ayibeke kuqala.

Ukusebenza namaqembu endawo okuphatha izimpahla, izinkampani ezingochwepheshe, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nabanye ababheki bezimali kungakhulisa izwi lakho futhi kwakhe imikhankaso yokukhwabanisa ephumelela kakhulu. Abameleli balalela lapho bezwa imiyalezo engaguquki evela emithonjeni eminingi esifundeni sabo.

Ukusakaza Izinkulumo Ezikhethwayo

Njengoba amalungu angu - 435 ekhethwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, le ndlu inikeza izakhamuzi amathuba okuthonya inqubo yokushaya umthetho, iqinisekisa ukuthi abameleli bahlala bevumelana kakhulu nezinkathazo nezifiso zabameleli babo.

Umjikelezo wokhetho weminyaka emibili usho ukuthi abameleli babhekene nabavoti njalo, beveza izisusa ezinamandla zokuqhubeka besabela ezinkathazweni zabameleli. Ngokuvota kokubili okhethweni oluyinhloko noluvamile, izakhamuzi ezibukeke ngokuqondile ezimelela bona futhi zingabeka abameleli emahlombe ngezenzo zabo.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Amabhuloho Aba Ngayo Imithetho

Ukuqonda indlela imithetho esetshenziswa ngayo kule Ndlu kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele amathuba okuthonya inqubo futhi ziqonde ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokwenza imithetho.

Ukuqala Nokubuya Kwemizimba

Noma imuphi ummeleli angamisa umthetho ngokunikeza iGama Clerk. Uma selithunyiwe, isigwebo sithola inani futhi sibhekiselwe ekomitini efanelekayo esekelwe endabeni yayo. USpeaker we House nomphathi wePhalamente wePhalamende unquma amakhomishane ekomiti, ngezinye izikhathi athumele izikweletu emakomitini amaningi uma ekhuluma ngezindaba ezihlanganisa izifunda eziningana.

Ukucabangela Ikomiti

AmaKomiti aqhuba umsebenzi wokuhlola ngokuningiliziwe umthetho. Angase aqule amacala ukuze aqoqe ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, ahlole ukuze aqonde indaba kangcono, futhi ahlanganyele eziqenjini zokunyusa lapho amalungu amakomiti ephikisana khona futhi elungisa ulimi lwemali. Ingxenye encane kakhulu yemali yemali ekhona eyake yathathwa ihlolwa yikomiti, futhi imbalwa kakhulu ebikwa kahle endluni yonke.

Ukucabangela Ubuhle Nempikiswano

Izincwadi ezibikwa yikomiti zibekwe kwelinye lamakhalenda amaningana endlu elinde ukucatshangelwa kwegumbi. I House Miles Committee inquma izimpikiswano, kuhlanganise nokuthi impikiswano izothatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi iziphi izinguquko ezingase ziqhutshwe kuphi. Phakathi nokucabangela okusesitezi, abameleli baphikisana ngezinzuzo zemali, bafaka imvume yokulungisa, futhi ekugcineni bavote engxenyeni.

Inhlangano Nesenzo Sobumongameli

Uma iNdlu neSigele zidlulisa izinqumo ezihlukene zesivumelwano esifanayo, ikomiti yengqungquthela eyakhiwe ngamalungu asemagumbini womabili izama ukuhlanganisa ukungefani. Uma la maqembu amabili esevumele umthetho ofanayo, iya kuMongameli ukuze asayine noma athathe i-veto. Uma uMongameli ekhipha imvume, uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa u-veto ngokuvota okuphindwe kabili emathathu kuzo zombili izikhundla.

Izinselele Namathuba Amanje

Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nabameleli bazo nenqubo yokushaya umthetho.

I - partisan Polaryation

Ukwanda kokuncishiswa kwezinhlangano kwenza ukuyekethisa kube nzima kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuhlelwa kwemithetho kuvame kakhulu. Abameleli bavame ukubhekana nokucindezela kokuba bahlele ukwethembeka kweqembu ngaphezu kokubambisana ne-bipartisan, ngisho noma ukuyekethisa kungase kusize kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukana kunganciphisa inqubo yokushaya umthetho futhi kukwenze kube nzima ukubhekana nezinselele ezicindezelayo zesizwe.

Nokho, abameleli abalondoloza ukuxhumana okuqinile nezigodi zabo futhi abaqonda izinto eziza kuqala endaweni ethile ngezinye izikhathi bangahlukanisa ukuze bathuthukise izimiso ezizuzisa umphakathi wabo.

Ukulinganisela Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kwesizwe Nesendawo

Abameleli kumelwe balinganisele njalo indima yabo njengabameleli bendawo nabameli bemithetho yesizwe. Nakuba abameleli belindele ukuba bafake phambili izithakazelo zesigodi, futhi banomthwalo wokusingatha izinselele zezwe ezingase zingazuzisi izifundazwe zabo. Lokhu kucindezeleka kudinga ukwahlulela okucophelelayo nokukhulumisana okucacile nabameleli bezohwebo abahilelekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zemithetho.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokubhala Ezishintshayo

Izigodi zeCongress zibhekana nokushintsha okuncane njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokubalwa kwabantu, okungase kushintshe imingcele yazo yendawo, isilinganiso samanani abantu nezici zezombangazwe. Abameleli kumelwe bazivumelanise nalolushintsho kuyilapho ukulondoloza ubuhlobo nabantu abahlala ndawonye nokuqonda kudinga ukuba kube khona.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokuxhumana

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye bashintsha indlela abameleli abaxhumana ngayo nabantu abasebenza nabo futhi baqhube umsebenzi wabo.Izezindaba, i - email, i - video egunyaza ukuqomisana namanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa ngemishini akha amathuba amasha okuthembisana kodwa futhi buletha izinselele ezihlobene nokunqwabelana kokwaziswa okuningi, ukwaziswa okunganembile nokuqhubeka nezingxoxo ezinenjongo phakathi nokuxhumana njalo.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano Sesigqi

Lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda ukuthi iNdlu Yabameleli isebenza kanjani futhi ihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yezombangazwe, ziqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi futhi zithuthukise imiphumela yesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Kulandela imisebenzi yommeleli wakho, irekhodi lokuvota, nezikhundla ezindabeni eziyinhloko kukusiza ukuba ubeke icala futhi wenze izinqumo ngolwazi ngesikhathi sokhetho. Imithombo eminingi ikhona ukuze kulandelwe umsebenzi wobukhonya, kuhlanganise namawebhusayithi asemthethweni e House, izinhlangano zezindaba, amaqembu okucwaninga angewona amapartistan, kanye nezinhlangano zezezempakatho.

Ukuqonda izimpikiswano ezibhekene nomphakathi wakini nendlela isimiso sikahulumeni esithinta ngayo izimo zendawo kwenza ukuba usebenzise inzuzo engcono. Uma ungasho ngokuqondile ukukhathazeka futhi unikeze amakhambi aqinisekile, ummeleli wakho cishe angakuthatha ngokungathi sína ukusetshenziswa kwakho.

Ukukhuthaza Abanye Ukuba Bahlanganyele

Ukukhuthaza abangane, amalungu omkhaya, omakhelwane, nozakwabo ukuba bahlanganyele nabameleli babo kwandisa ithonya lakho futhi kuqinise ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.

Ukusekela Imfundo Yesibalo

Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni esebenza ngayo kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele ekwakheni izakhamuzi, ukusekela imfundo yezemfundo ezikoleni, ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi nasezindaweni zomphakathi kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo ziyawaqonda amalungelo azo, imithwalo yemfanelo namathuba okuhlanganyela ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.

Imithombo Yezomshado

Imithombo eminingi ingakusiza ukuba wazi ummeleli wakho, uhlole imisebenzi yakhe futhi uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nehhovisi lakhe.

Ukuthola Ummeleli Wakho

Amawebhusayithi amaningana akuvumela ukuba wazi ummeleli wakho ngokungena ekhelini lakho noma eZiP code. Indlu esemthethweni ye-website yabameleli ku- www.house.gov inikeza ithuluzi lomthumeli lokuthola, kanye nokwaziswa okuthinta wonke amalungu endlu. USA.gov inikeza namathuluzi okubona nokuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe kuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni.

Ukulandelela Imithetho

Congress.gov inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezindleko, izinqumo, imisebenzi yekomiti, nemicimbi yasesitezi. Ungafuna umthetho ngesihloko, umxhasi, noma ngenombolo yemali, futhi ulandelele intuthuko yemali ngenqubo ye-audignotive. Izinhlangano eziningi zezempatho zinikeza namathuluzi okulandelela inqubo ethile.

Ukuqonda Izinganekwane Eziqoshiwe

Izinhlangano eziningana ezingenayo isigaba ziqoqa futhi zihlaziye amarekhodi okuvota ezinhlangano, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda indlela abameleli bakho abavota ngayo ezindabeni eziyinhloko.

Ukuhlangana Nezinhlangano Zobushiqela

Izinhlangano ezigxile ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo ngokuvamile zinikeza imithombo, ukuqeqesha, namathuba okuhlanganyela nommeleli wakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesithakazelo ekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile, ekuthuthukiseni impilo, ekuhleleni imfundo, izindaba zochwepheshe, noma noma yiyiphi enye impikiswano, izinhlangano zokuzifunela uhulumeni zingakusiza ukuba ube ummeleli ophumelela kakhulu.

Ukwenza Intando Yeningi Lisebenze Emphakathini Wakini

Indlu yabameleli isebenza njengendlu yabantu, eklanyelwe ukuba ibe ingxenye esabela kakhulu nefinyeleleka kakhulu kahulumeni kahulumeni. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo futhi ihlanganyele ngokukhuthele nommeleli wakho, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izwi lomphakathi wakho lizwakala eWashington futhi ukuthi izimiso zikahulumeni zibonisa izidingo zomphakathi nezinto eziza kuqala.

Kunoma ikuphi ukuhlangana okuhlanganyelwe, wonke amahholo asedolobheni, noma yiliphi ivoti elikhona linezela enqubweni yentando yeningi. Abameleli abalalela njalo kubantu abathembisene cishe bathambekele ekubekeni phambili izinto zabo futhi basekele inzuzo yabo ngokuphumelelayo. Izindaba zakho, futhi izwi lakho lingawenza umehluko ekulolongeni izimiso ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabameleli nabameleli abukho umgwaqo ohamba ngendlela eyodwa. Nakuba abameleli benomthwalo wemfanelo wokulalela nokukhonza abameleli babo, izakhamuzi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlala zinolwazi, zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo, futhi zigcine abameleli bazo benobuphindu. Lokhu kuthembisana kuqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi futhi kuveze imiphumela engcono emiphakathini kulo lonke izwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhathazekile ngesisekelo sendawo, ukuxhasa kwemfundo, ukukwazi ukufinyelela, ukuthuthukisa impilo, ukuphepha komphakathi, noma iyiphi enye impikiswano, ummeleli wakho ufeza indima ekusingatheni le zinselele. Ngokuqonda leyondima nangokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ehhovisi lommeleli wakho, ungasiza ekuhleleni izinqumo ezinquma ikusasa lomphakathi wakho.

Indlu yabameleli iphathelene ngoba ihlanganisa ngokuqondile ukwenziwa kwezimiso zikahulumeni nezindawo zendawo. Kubalulekile ngoba inikeza isakhamuzi ngasinye iphimbo lokubusa kwesizwe. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi ezithembisene zingalisebenzisa ukuthuthukisa imiphakathi yazo futhi zithuthukise okuhle okuvamile. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho kulenqubo yentando yeningi akusona nje isici esibalulekile ekwenzeni umsebenzi kahulumeni omelela wonke umuntu.