USuku lokuvumisa e-United States lungenye yemicikilisho enamandla kakhulu yentando yeningi − umcimbi womphakathi ophawula ukudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla kusuka kwenye iziphathimandla kuya kwenye inkathi elandelayo. Phakathi nalesi senzakalo isifungo sobumongameli, isifungo esifushane kodwa esiqotho esihlanganisa umongameli ozayo noMpathiso-sisekelo kanye nabantu baseMelika. Nakuba lemikhosi, imibuthano, imibuthano, nokusungulwa kwekheli, kudonsa ukunakekela okuphawulekayo, isifungo ngokwaso sihlala sihambisana nomthetho ngokomthetho wosuku lonke. Lesi sihloko sihlola umlando, ukulandelana kwemikhosi, nokubaluleka okuhlala njalo kokuthatha isifungo sikamongameli eManaugrainst.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sesihlwathi

Imfuneko yesifungo sobumongameli ibhalwe ngokuqondile eMthethweni-sisekelo wase-U.S.. Article II, Ingxenye 1, u-Clause 8 uthi: “Ngaphambi kokuba angene ekwahluleleni kwehhovisi lakhe, uzothatha i-Oath noma isiqinisekiso.” Lombhalo waqanjwa omthetho ogunyaziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umphathi ophethe uzakubopha obala ukusekela umthetho ophakeme wesizwe ngaphambi kokuba athathe amandla. Abahleli babheka isifungo esibalulekile ngokufuna umongameli ukuba afunge ukwethembeka kumthetho, bakha isikhulu esingokomthetho futhi bahlola igunya lobuqondisi.

UMthetho-sisekelo awugunyazi amagama aqondile adlule esifungoni ngokwaso, futhi awugunyazi ukuthi kufanele ubekwephi noma nini. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiko liye laqinisa umkhosi eWest Front of the U.S. Capitol emini ngoJanuary 20 (njengoba kugunyazwe yiSigqizo seMinyaka Ephakathi). UMahluleli Oyinhloko weNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States ukhipha isifungo, umkhuba owaqalwa nguJohn Marshall ngo-1801 lapho efunga eThomas Jefferson. Amazwi ahlala engaguquki emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, i-tementals awess esakhiwo esihlala njalo. Ngalabo abanesithakazelo esithandweni esiqondile somthetho, [[FLD] esenziwa yi-Carporance [FLDig:] ebekwe ngomthetho we-msme.

Amazwi Aqondile Omcelemba

Isifungo sikamongameli sifushane ngokuphawulekayo, qha, singu-35 kuphela, kodwa umsho ngamunye unesisindo esikhulu. Umbhalo uthi:

ngifunga kakhulu (noma ngiqinisekisa) ukuthi ngiyolisebenzisa ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States.”

Umzali “noma uqinisekisa” uvumela abantu abamelene nokufunga okungokwenkolo, ilungiselelo elihlanganisa ukuhlonipha uQuaker namanye amasiko enkolo. Isisho sokuqala, “iHlanze iHhovisi likaMongameli,” imisa indinganiso yokwethembeka, yenkuthalo. Isifungo sesibili, “vikela, futhi uvikele uMthetho-sisekelo,” siqinisa indima kamongameli njengomphathi womthetho-mthetho-mthetho, hhayi yeqembu elithile noma i-consi, kodwa yemithetho ngokwayo. Isifungo asikhulumi isizwe, abantu, noma noma yimuphi unkulunkulu; sigxila ngokuqondile kuMthetho-sisekelo, siveza inkolelo yomsunguli ukuthi inkululeko ixhomeke esibhaliwe isivumelwano sikahulumeni.

Ngokuphawulekayo, inkulumo ethi “ngakho - ke ngisize uNkulunkulu” ayiyona ingxenye yesifungo somthetho-sisekelo. Ukuhlanganisa kwayo kuyisici esingokwesiko, okunezelwe cishe yiwo wonke umongameli kusukela kuGeorge Washington (obikwa ukuthi wanezela ngokuzenzekelayo) futhi manje olindelwe kakhulu umphakathi. Omongameli babeka isandla sabo sobunxele eBhayibhelini, emkhayeni, noma ngezinye izikhathi bengekho incwadi lapho bephakamisa isandla sabo sokunene. Izinqolobane zesizwe zinikeza i-Profetryr ebanzi ngomlando nenguquko yalomlando ngesikhathi.

Ukulandelana Okuphawulekayo Ngosuku Lokwalulwa

Ukufunga kuyisikhathi esiwumvuthwandaba wokulandelana okuhlelwe ngokucophelela okuqala ekuseni. Ukuqonda umkhosi ogcwele kusiza ekuhleleni indima yesifungo. Nakhu ukuhleleka okuvamile kwezenzakalo zokunikezelwa kwanamuhla:

Inkonzo Yokukhulekela Ekuseni

Umongameli okhethwe uvame ukuba khona enkonzweni yomthandazo yasekuseni eSontweni likaJohn laseSt. Episcopal, “iSonto lamaMongameli,” eliphesheya kweLafayette Square evela eWhite House. Lomzuzu wokubuka ngasese undulela umbukwane womphakathi.

Ukufika ECapitol

Omongameli abakhululekile nabafikayo bahamba ndawonye besuka eWhite House beya eCapitol ngemotocade, ukubonakaliswa okungokomfanekiso kokuqhubeka nenhlonipho. bangena esakhiweni saseCapitol, lapho amalungu amadala eSishaya - mthetho ebabingelela khona.

Ukuthuka Okungaphakathi Kwe - plat

Ngaphambi nje kwemini, izikhulu ezibuthene, abahluleli beNkantolo Ephakeme, amalungu eSishaya - mthetho, ababengabongameli, nezimenywa ezikhethekile bahlala endaweni yokumisa eWest Front of the Capitol.

Ukunxusa Ukuba Kuqondiswe Futhi Kukhulekelwe

Lomkhosi uqala ngokunxusa komholi wenkolo, ngokuvamile umfundisi okhethwe ngumongameli ongu mshini. Lokhu kulandelwa iSifungo sika-Allegiance neculo lesizwe, “i-Banner yeNkanyezi,” ngokuvamile enziwa umculi odumile.

Isikhungo Sobumongameli Esiwumongameli

Isekela likamongameli ongumkhethi lithatha isifungo sesikhundla kuqala. I-addist emiswa yijaji yeNkantolo Ephakeme (ngokuvamile i-ast jampver), isifungo somongameli esingusekela sibekwe emehlweni ohlukile futhi sithatha isikhathi eside kunesifungo sikamongameli.

Isikhungo Somongameli

Emini emini (noma eduze ngangokunokwenzeka), uMahluleli omkhulu unyuka, umongameli okhethayo ubeka isandla phezu kweBhayibheli (noma uphakamise isandla sokuqinisekisa), futhi asho isifungo somthetho-sisekelo. UMahluleli omkhulu ufunda amagama ngamanye, futhi umkhethi uphinda amagama. Ngemva kwamagama okugcina, umongameli omusha uvame ukunezela ukuthi “ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu,” nakuba kungadingeki. Inkathi iphawulwe ngengoma yebhanothi lama-21 nokudlala ingoma yentambo kanye nokukhomba.

Ikheli lokudazulula

Ngokushesha ngemva kokufunga, umongameli unikeza ikheli lokuqala, echaza umbono we-arestrary nezinto eziza kuqala. Lenkulumo iyisiko elingenampendulo nepulani yezimiso. Amakheli wesibili kaLincoln (ngenzondo ngakunoma yimuphi”) kanye nobizo lukaKennedy lokuba “ungabuzi ukuthi izwe lakho lingakwenzelanini.”

AmaCeremonie Nokuhamba

Umongameli omusha uhamba eCapito ephethe i - dinal dinal e - Ecrimeary Hall yaseCapitol, ene - Congregational Committee on Inaugial Ceremonial.

I - parade Nebhola

Ntambama, umongameli nowesifazane wokuqala bahola umbukiso behlela ePennsylvania Avenue eWhite House, behlola amaqembu empi, amaqembu, namaqembu omphakathi besendaweni yokubuka.

Amasiko Nesiko Elizungeze Isigodlo

Ngaphandle komthetho-sisekelo ogunyaziwe, amasiko amaningana aye agxila kakhulu emkhosini wokufunga. Lamasiko aqinisa amandla alesi sikhathi futhi ahlanganisa umongameli omusha ngamunye nohlu olude lwabanduleli.

Ukusetshenziswa KweBhayibheli

UGeorge Washington waqala isiko lokusebenzisa iBhayibheli lapho ethatha isifungo ngo-1789. Wavula iBhayibheli kuGenesise 49:13, kodwa alikho ivesi eliqondile elidingekayo. Omongameli abaningi bakhetha iBhayibheli lomkhaya wabo, ngezinye izikhathi belivula ukuze lisetshenziswe engxenyeni enengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Abraham Lincoln wasebenzisa ivesi elivuliwe ngobulungisa nesihe. Uma kungekho Bhayibheli elisetshenziswayo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngoTheodore Roosevelt ngo1901=umongameli angamane aphakamise isandla sakhe sokunene.

“ Ngakho Ngisize UNkulunkulu” Isiko

Ukuhlanganisa “ngalokhu ngisiza uNkulunkulu” sekuye kwaba sendaweni yonke, nakuba isiqalo sako siphikisana. George Washington kuthiwa wanezela ngokuzenzekelayo ngemva kokuphindaphinda isifungo somthetho-sisekelo, kodwa ukulandisa kwamanje akunakuphikwa. Noma kunjalo, umongameli ngamunye kusukela ngoFranklin D. Roosevelt uye wahlanganisa, futhi umphakathi ulindele ukuba kube khona. Ngo-2013, u-Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibheli likaMartin Luther King Jr., futhi ngo-201717 Prezidentier Trump wanezela inkulumo lapho esebenzisa amaBhayibheli amabili kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe nodwa ayesetshenziswa u-Lincoln.

Ubulungisa Obuyinhloko Njengesikhonzi

Kusukela ngo - 1797, isifungo siye sanikezwa uMahluleli oPhakeme weNkantolo Ephakeme cishe kuzo zonke izimo. Nokho, ezikhathini ezimbalwa njengokungathi lapho uMongameli uJohn Tyler ethatha isikhundla sikaWilliam Henry Harrison ngo-1841 noma lapho uCalvin Coolidge efungela uyise, umfundisi, ngemva kokufa kukaWarren Hardyng. Ukuba khona kukaMahluleli omkhulu kufanekisela indima yomphathi womthetho ekusekeleni uMthetho-sisekelo.

Ikheli Elivamile Njengesiko

Nakuba ingafunwa nguMthetho-sisekelo, ikheli lokuvula liye laba yindawo kusukela ekuqaleni kweWashington. Ikheli limisa indlela yokuqondisa futhi lihlanganisa izicelo zobunye. Indlu emhlophe [ikhasi elingokomlando iqophe umlando] inqolobane yezinkulumo eziningi, ibonisa indlela amongameli abaye basebenzisa ngayo indawo yokufundela ukucacisa umbono wabo.

Indima Yesifungo Nengoma

Isifungo se-Allegiance neculo lesizwe kunezithasiselo zesimanje uma kuqhathaniswa. Isifungo saba yingxenye yomkhosi ongokomthetho ngo-1942, futhi iculo lesizwe liye lahlatshelelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kokubili amasiko agcizelela ubunye besizwe nezindinganiso zentando yeningi umongameli omusha azifungela ukuvikela.

Ukuvuleka Okuphawulekayo Nezimo Ezingezona Ezivamile

Nakuba isifungo singaguquguquki, izimo zokukhishwa kwaso ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika.

Johnson Aboard Air Force Okuqala (1963)

Ngemva kokubulawa kukaJohn F. Kennedy, uLyndon B. Johnson wafunga ihhovisi emoyeni Wodwa eLove Force Proute eDallas. Umahluleli uSarah T. Hughes, umahluleli wesifunda sezwe, wanikeza isifungo [1] okokuqala futhi isikhathi esisodwa kuphela lapho owesifazane eyenzile kanjalo. UJohnson wasebenzisa ukuphucwa kwe-Kennedy yi-roma Katolika ngoba kwakungekho iBhayibheli. Lesi senzakalo sigcizelela ukuthi isifungo singathathwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo, noma kuphi lapho umongameli ekhona.

Imfihlo KaCalvin ULudoridge KaYise (1923)

Lapho uMongameli Warren G. Hardying efa kungazelelwe, uMongameli uCalvin Coolidge wayevakashele ipulazi lomkhaya wakhe eVermont. Ngokukhanya kwesibani, uyise, uJohn Coolidge(a jaji lokuthula nomphakathi okhulumayo) wafeza lesifungo. Lokhu kuyisimo sokuphela lapho isifungo sanikezwa khona umzali nesikhulu sikahulumeni kunokuba kube umahluleli kahulumeni.

Ukuvuselelwa Kokuqala KwaseGeorge Washington (ngo - 1789)

Washington wafunga uvulandi weHholo leFederal eNew York City, inhloko - dolobha yesikhashana. Wabeka isandla sakhe phezu kweBhayibheli lesiMasonic elivela eSikhungweni sikaSan. John No. 1, futhi ngemva kokuqeda lesifungo, wanezela ngodumo ukuthi “ngakho - ke ngisize uNkulunkulu.” Wamanga iBhayibheli. Lomkhosi wawunesizo esilinganiselwe uma uqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zanamuhla kodwa wamisa amasiko ayisisekelo.

URonald Reagan neWest Front (1981)

UReagan wasusa lo mkhosi eMpumalanga yeSikhungo SaseCapitol waya eNtshonalanga Front, enikeza umbono ongokomfanekiso ngeSizwe SaseMall neSikhungo Sesikhumbuzo SaseWashington.

Inkulumo Yesine KaFranklin Roosevelt (1945)

I-FDR yesine yanikezelwa eNingizimu yePortico ye-White House ngenxa yempi. Akukho mbukiso noma ibhola elathathwa, futhi isifungo sanikezwa uMahluleli omkhulu uHarlan Fiske Stone emcimbini omfushane, ongathi sína. Lesi senzakalo esikhumuliwe sezwe singabonisa indlela izimo eziphuthumayo ezingase zivuselelwe ngayo ngisho nesimiso esingokomthetho samasiko.

Ukubaluleka Okujulile Kwesihlwathi

Isifungo sobumongameli singaphezu kakhulu komthetho ongokomthetho. Siwumfanekiso obonakalayo wokubusa komthetho nesimiso sobudemokhrasi ukuthi akekho umuntu ongaphezulu komthetho-sisekelo. Ngokufunga ``or') (ukuthi “vikela, uvikele futhi uvikele” leyo dokhumende, umongameli ozayo uyavuma ukuthi igunya labo lisuka ekuhlanganeni nabantu, hhayi ebuntwaneni noma emandleni.

Ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwamandla kuwuphawu lwentando yeningi yaseMelika, oluhluke kakhulu emibusweni lapho ukuhola kushintsha khona ngokuvukela umbuso noma ngokulandelana kwefa. Njalo eminyakeni emine, umhlaba ubuka umongameli olahlekelwe ukhetho, noma oshiya isikhundla ngokuzithandela, izandla ezisekutholeni amandla kulowo ozolandela esikhundleni okungenzeka ukuthi aziphikisa. Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kokugcina kokuzinikela komthetho, futhi isifungo siwuphawu lwawo emphakathini.

Ngaphandle kwezombangazwe, isifungo sikhumbuza izakhamuzi ngendima yazo ekusekeleni irepublic. Umongameli ufunga ukuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo, kodwa uMthetho-sisekelo ungowabantu. Ngokubona isifungo, amaMelika aphinde azenze avume ukusekela izimiso zokusungula kwesizwe. I-Conquentional Committee Committeement on Intalial Ceremonies inikeza izinto zokufundisa ezigcizelela indlela isifungo esihlobana ngayo nendaba enkulu yaseMelika ngokwayo.

Kulenkathi yokuhlukana okukhulu, isifungo sihlala isikhathi esingavamile sobunye. UDemocrates noRepublicans bama ndawonye eqophelweni; ukubusa okuphumayo kudumisa ozayo. Isenzo esilula sokuphindaphinda amagama angu-35 sinikezela isiqalo esisha. Yingakho, ngemva kokunikezelwa ngasikhathi sinye, lesi senzakalo singakhunjulwa ngobude benkulumo noma ubukhulu bombukiso, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isandla sikamongameli sisesakhiweni seBhayibheli namazwi esifumbezwe emagcekeni eCapitol.

Kusukela ekuseni eliyiqhwa likaFranklin Pierce ngo-1853 kuya osukwini olupholile luka-Joe Biden ngo-2021, lomkhuba uye wasinda ezimpini, ekubulaweni, ezinkingeni zezomnotho, nakubhadane. Kuwubufakazi bokuthi idemokrasi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilula kangakanani, ingazivuselela ngomcimbi wemikhosi nomthetho. Isifungo sikamongameli ngoSuku lokuThila uSuku asisona nje isiko; yiyo kanye indlela irepublic eqhubeka ngayo.