Inqubo Yokudlulisa Izingcingo Esimisweni Somthetho: Isiqondiso Esinemibandela

Uma inkantolo inikeza inkantolo isahlulelo sokugcina, icala alipheleli lapho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isimiso somthetho sinikeza inqubo kumalungu alahlekele ekuqulweni kwecala ukuze acele ukubukezwa kwesinqumo esiphezulu. Lenqubo, eyaziwa njengesikhalo, iyitshe lesisekelo lenqubo yobulungisa, eklanyelwe ukulungisa amaphutha, ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki, nokugcina ukungaguquguquki ekusebenziseni umthetho. Ukuqonda inqubo yokudlulisa isicelo akuyona into ebucayi kochwepheshe bezomthetho kuphela kodwa nakunoma yimuphi umuntu noma ibhizinisi elihilelekile ekudluliseni inqubo yokudlulisa isikhalo. Lesihloko sinikeza ukuhlola ngokufinyeza okuseduze, kuhlanganise nezinyathelo ezihilelekile, izitebhiso ezingokomthetho, nokuvumelana kwemithetho esemthethweni.

Yini Ekhangayo?

Isikhalo siyisicelo esingokomthetho enkantolo ephakeme sokubukeza futhi sishintshe isinqumo senkantolo ephansi. asilona icala elisha [. Inkantolo ye-applate ayibuzwa ubufakazi obusha noma ubufakazi. Kunalokho, ihlola umbhalo wecala lokuqulwa kwecala eliqulwayo − kuhlanganise nemibhalo ebhalwe phansi, imibukiso, nenkani shí `hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh, ukuthi amaphutha akhona ngokwezinto ezithiwe umphumela. Icala alibizwa ngokuthi i-aptleatts, futhi iqembu eliphikisayo liyiqembu [[FLT:] [FLD] [FLT] [okanye ne-'isimediyo]. Icala elidluliselwe ngomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho lihlukile.

Izakhiwo Zezinkantolo Eziphangwayo

E-United States, isimiso se-appellate ngokuvamile sinamazinga amabili: izinkantolo eziphakathi (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi amaQumbu Amacala) nenkantolo ephakeme kakhulu (ngokuvamile iNkantolo Ephakeme). Amacala amaningi asuka enkantolo yokuqulwa kwecala aye enkantolo ephakathi. Amaphesenti ambalwa kuphela adluliswa enkantolo ephakeme, ekwaziwa ngokusemthethweni (impela, ikhetha ukuthi yimaphi amacala okumelwe ezwe). Ukuqonda inkantolo ephethe icala yiyo yokuqala enqubwelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhalo zikahulumeni ezivela ezinkantolo zesifunda ziya e-U. S. Izinkantolo zezikhalo zecala ezidluliselwe enkantolo ephakeme kakhulu, futhi kamuva zilandela isakhiwo esingunxantathu esiphethe.

Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko Enqubweni Yokukhanga

Ukuthola Isaziso Sokukhanga

Inqubo yokudlulisa isikhalo iqala ngokufaka isaziso sokudlulisa amacala enkantolo enkantolo equlwayo nenkantolo edlulisa icala. Lencwadi kumelwe igcinwe phakathi kwesikhathi esiqinile − ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ekungeneni kwesahlulelo sokugcina enkantolo kahulumeni, kodwa kufushane kwezinye izindawo (umz., 10-15 izinsuku zokukhokha iziyalo zokudlulisa). Ukungafiki kwalo mkhawulo kuyingozi; ilungelo lokudlulisa icala lilahleka unomphela. Isaziso kumelwe siphawule isahlulelo esidluliselwe enkantolo. Ezinye izikhulu zidinga ukukhokhwawa kwenkokhelo yecala nenkonzo kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukuhlela UmBhalo Nokuhlanganisa Umlando

Uma isaziso sesigcinwe, ummeli kumelwe ayale ukuba irekhodi lecala libhalwe umcosheli wezindaba. Irekhodi elidluliswayo lihlanganisa zonke izincwadi ezigcinwe enkantolo enkantolo, emibukiswayo, nase-rekhodi. Lombhalo uthunyelwa enkantolo ye-applate futhi usebenza njengesisekelo esikhethekile sokubukeza. U-message unecala lokuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo uphelele futhi unembile. Amaphutha noma izimemezelo ezisekwe emlandweni kungaba yinkundla yokuxoshwa noma ukuqinisekiswa.

3. Ukufaka Izicelo Ezifushane

Izimpikiswano ezimfushane ezibhaliwe ezichaza ukuthi kungani isinqumo senkantolo senkantolo kufanele sishintshwe, siqinisekiswe, noma sishintshwe. Isinqumo esifushane somphathi siveza amaphutha angokomthetho, sikhomba umthetho wecala nezimiso, futhi siphikisa indlela amaphutha acwasa ngayo icala. I-aupellee ephendula kafushane, iphikisa ngokuthi inkantolo yecala yayilungile noma ukuthi iphutha alikho. Owesikhombayo angafaka impendulo emfushane. Amaphutha alandela imithetho eqinile yokuhlela imingcele yekhasikhathi, indlela yokubhala, indlela yokubhala (umz. Bluebook yenkantolo yombuso), nezimfuneko ezikuquketheyo. I-Slomheady igxekwa kakhulu ngoba izikhalo eziningi azikhombanga lutho ngenkulumo emfushane.

4. Impikiswano Edluliselwa Ngomlomo

Impikiswano ebanzi iwukunikeza okuphilayo phambi kweqembu lamajaji athathayo − ngokwesilinganiso amajaji amathathu ezinkantolo eziphakathi. Ingxenye ngayinye inikwa isikhathi esifushane (futhi imizuzu engu-15-30) ukunikeza amaphuzu ayinhloko nokuphendula imibuzo yamajaji. Impikiswano edluliselwa ngezwi lezwi akuyona impikiswano efingqiwe; iyithuba lomuntu owehlulekayo ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo ezibeleselayo nokucacisa izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho. Abahluleli bavame ukusebenzisa impikiswano yomlomo ukuvivinya imikhawulo yempikiswano engokomthetho nokuhlola incazelo engenzeka. Nakuba kungezona zonke izimpikiswano zomlomo (ezinye zinqunywa ngamashwana), uma zinikezwa, kungaba yisici esici esishaya umthetho.

5. Isinqumo Senkantolo

Ngemva kokubukeza irekhodi, izimpikiswano ezifingqiwe, inkantolo inikeza umbono obhaliwe. Isinqumo singavumelana noma sihlukane (nemibono ephikisayo noma evezayo). Inkantolo ingathatha izinyathelo eziningana:

  • Isiqinisekiso - - isekela isinqumo senkantolo equlwayo.
  • landela i-pane – gumbuqela isinqumo senkantolo equlwayo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] ushintshe [[[Umthetho:1] – ukushintsha ingxenye yokwahlulela.
  • I-Remand - -thumela icala emuva enkantolo equlweni lokuqulwa kwecala ukuze kuqhutshekiswe amacawa avumelana nombono.

Kwezinye izimo, inkantolo ingahlanganisa ukuguqulwa nokubuyiselwa, iyale ukuba kuthathwe icala elisha noma elinye iqiniso. Iqembu elilahlekileyo lingase lifune ukubukezwa okwengeziwe yinkantolo ephakeme (isib., isicelo sokucela i-certiorari eNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S.).

Izinhlobo Zokukhanga

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kusiza abakhangisi ukuba bahlele indlela yabo futhi balawule lokho abakulindele.

Ukukhanga Okuqondile

Ukudlulisa isikhalo ngokuqondile kuvela ehlulelweni lokugcina senkantolo equlwayo. Lolu uhlobo olukhangayo luvame kakhulu. Iqembu libekela inselele umphumela wokugcina, lisho amaphutha angokomthetho phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Ukunxusa okuqondile kutholakala njengelungelo ezindaweni eziningi (okusho inkantolo ye-apellate kumelwe ilalele icala).

Ukukhanga Komshuwalense

Isicelo sokudlulisa icala sifakwa ngaphambi kokuba kungene isahlulelo sokugcina. Lokhu kuvunyelwa kuphela ezimweni ezilinganiselwe, njengalapho inkantolo yecala inikeza imvume yokulawula umthetho futhi inkantolo inikeza imvume. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukunikeza noma ukuphika imiyalo yokuqala, noma iziyalezo ezihilela ukuvikela kobukhosi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukunxusa okugunyaziwe kuphazamisa inqubo yokuqulwa kwecala, kuyalahlwa futhi kudinga ukuboniswa kokulimala okungalungiseki noma ukukhishwa kwendaba engokomthetho.

Ukukhanga Kokuhlakanipha

Kwezinye izinkantolo, ikakhulukazi inkantolo ephakeme kakhulu, ukudluliswa kwezicelo akuyona indaba elungile. Inkantolo inesinqumo sokukhetha ukuthi yimaphi amacala okuzwa asekelwe ezicini ezinjengokubaluleka kwendaba engokomthetho, izingxabano phakathi kwezinkantolo eziphansi, noma ukubaluleka kwesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. inikeza kuphela izicelo ezicishe zibe ngu-1 /2% zezicelo ze-ceretiorari. Isicelo sesinqumo sidinga ukufaka isicelo esichaza ukuthi kungani icala lifanele ukubukezwa.

Uphawu-lwesiphambano

Uma omunye enxusa, omunye angase afake isiphambano ukuze aphikise izici zesahlulelo ezamelana nabo, ngisho noma ziphumelele ngokwengxenye. Amaphaphu esiphambano kumelwe afakwe phakathi kwemingcele yesikhathi esifana nesikhalo sokuqala. Bavumela womabili amacala ukuba afune ukulungisa amaphutha ngaphandle kokulinda isikhalo sokuqala ukuba aphethe.

Izigodlo Zokukhanga: Yini Ongayikhanga?

Ukudlulisa isikhalo akulona ithuba lokuveza amaqiniso noma ukuveza ukunganeliseki ngesinqumo. Izizathu ezifanele zokudlulisa isikhalo zilinganiselwe emangeni angokomthetho ayenzeka phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Izizathu ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Amaphutha angokwesayensi – umz., ukuvuma okungafanele kobufakazi, iziyalezo zephutha zokhetho, noma ubandlululo lomahluleli.
  • Iziphathi zomthetho – umz., ukusebenzisa kabi umthetho noma indinganiso engokomthetho.
  • [ ubufakazi obunganele – isinqumo siphambene kakhulu nobufakazi bokuthi akukho bahluleli abanengqondo ababengafinyelela leso siphetho.
  • Ukuziphatha [ – umz., ukuziphatha okubi, ukuziphatha okubi kommeli, noma ukuziphatha okubi komshushisi.
  • Usizo olungenanzuzo lweseluleko – (emacaleni ezigebengu) lapho ukuvikela kweseluleko kwehla khona ngaphansi kwendinganiso eqinile yokucabangela nobandlululo lommangalelwa.

Okubalulekile ukuthi ummangaleli kumelwe ukuba waphakamisa indaba enkantolo (ngokwenqaba noma ngokunyakaza) ukuze ayilondoloze ukuze idluliselwe. Ukwehluleka ukulondoloza indaba kungase kuyiqede ngokuphelele.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kokuphishekela Ukukhanga

Imingcele Yesikhathi Iqinile Futhi Iphelele

Isifunda ngasinye simisa isikhathi esiqondile sokufaka isaziso sokudlulisa icala. Emacaleni omphakathi enkantolo kahulumeni, izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ekungeneni kwesahlulelo. Ezinye izinkantolo zikahulumeni zivumela kuphela izinsuku eziyishumi zezinhlobo ezithile zeziqondiso. Lemiyalelo ilawula, okusho ukuthi inkantolo ayinawo amandla okuzidlulisa. Imiphumela yokukhipha imvume yamuva. Kubalulekile ukubheka imithetho esebenzayo ngokushesha ngemva kwesahlulelo esibi.

Isilinganiso Sezindaba Zokubukeza

Izinkantolo zokuhlola zisebenzisa izindinganiso ezihlukene zokubukeza kuye ngendaba. Imibuzo yomthetho ibukezwa u-ovo (inkantolo ye-applete ayinikezi thuba lokuzimela enkantolo equlwayo). Ukuthola iqiniso kubukelelwa iphutha elicacile [[[[FLT:]] [iii] , (iwukuthi i-scheneze kakhulu). Izinqumo (umz., ukuthi ukunikeza imvume) akunakugcinwa kwecala ukusebenzisa iqhinga . Ukuqonda indinganiso yokubukeza ibalulekile yempikiswano ethonyayo.

Ukuvinjwa Kwe - Attorney Enokuhlangenwe Nakho

Izikhalo zingobuchwepheshe obuphakeme kakhulu futhi zihlukile ekulingweni. Abameli abaningi abahlolayo abanawo amakhono akhethekile adingekayo ukuze baphumelele ekusebenziseni i-advocation. Ummeli onolwazi uqonda ukuguquguquka kokufinyeza, ukuphikisa komlomo, nemithetho ebekwe ngokweziphakamiso. Bangathola amaphutha agciniwe, izimpikiswano zomthetho eziphoqelelwe, futhi baqondise umbhalo. [[FLT:] [FLT]] I-Legalp kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphumelela nokulahlekelwa isikhalo.[

Izindleko Zokukhanga

Izikhalo zingabiza. Izindleko zihlanganisa izindleko zenkantolo zokufaka amafamu, ukulungiselela amarekhodi (ngokuvamile izinkulungwane zamaRandi), ukunyathelisa nokubopha ama-fish, kanye nenkokhelo yommeli. Ezindabeni zomphakathi, umbhexeshi kungadingeka futhi ukuba afake isibopho sokuhlanganisa [ (ngokuvamile kulingana nenani lokwahlulela) ukugcina isahlulelo sisebenza ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo. Izivumelwano kufanele zilinganisele izinzuzo ezingase zivele zibekwe emthwalweni wezimali. Kwezinye izimo, okunye, isinqumo noma ukuxoxisana okunga okungavumelani nemali kungaba ngcono kakhulu.

Amaphutha Avamile Endleleni Yokukhanga

Ngisho nama - litiglone anokuhlangenwe nakho enza amaphutha aphazamisa izicelo zawo.

  • [ Ukuphumelela ukulondoloza izindaba lapho kuqulwa umthetho - Ngaphandle kokwenqabela okufike ngesikhathi, umba ukhishiwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuhlela isikhathi sokugcina ifashoni [ - Lokhu kuyilahleko ezenzekelayo.
  • Irekhodi eliphelele noma elinganembile – Inkantolo ethatha imvume ayinawo amaqiniso ngaphandle komlando.
  • Poorly udwebe izingcingo ezifushanisiwe – Impikiswano edidayo, ukuntuleka komcaba, noma ukwehluleka ukusingatha indinganiso yokubukeza.
  • Ukubheka izimpikiswano zangempela[ - Izinkantolo ze-Appellate zilalela ukutholwa okuyiqiniso; ukuphikisana namaqiniso ngokuvamile akusizi.
  • Iqamba amanga angenangozi [ - Ngisho noma kungenzeka iphutha, umshayi-cala kumelwe ayibonise ithinte umphumela.

Ngemva Kwesicelo: Yini Elandelayo?

Uma umphazanyi elahlekelwa ukudluliswa kwecala, bangase bafune ukubukezwa okwengeziwe yinkantolo ephakeme (umz., inkantolo ephakeme noma iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S.). Uma ingekho noma inqaba, isahlulelo siba esokugcina, futhi iqembu elikhona lingasiphoqelela. Uma i-apulant ephumelelayo iwina, icala lingase libuyiselwe ekuqulweni okusha, noma kulungiswe kabusha isahlulelo. Kwezinye izigebengu, isikhalo esiphumelelayo singaholela eqedweni elincishisiwe noma ekuqulweni okusha. I-Post-appet, amaqembu angase ahlole futhi angene ukusabela noma ukuqulwa kwezindaba ngisho nalapho ukubukelwa kuqhubekekile.

Ezinye Izinto Ezingakhanga

Akuzona zonke izahlulelo ezimbi ezidinga ukukhanga okugcwele.

  • I-posi-macary -njengokuhamba ukwahlulela naphezu kwesinqumo noma ukunyakazisa ukuqulwa okusha.
  • [ Izingxoxo zengxoxo [ – ukuxazulula udaba ngaphandle kokunye ukuthatha i-ligita.
  • Ukuhlanganisa [ – ngokuvamile kufunwa isivumelwano noma umthetho wenkantolo.
  • I-writs ezingavamile – njenge-mandamus noma inqabela, esetshenziswa ezimweni ezingavamile uma ukudlulisa isikhalo kunganele.

Ukusheshe uthintane nommeli kungakusiza ukuba ukhethe indlela engcono kakhulu ozohamba ngayo.

Isiphetho

Inqubo yokudlulisa isicelo iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso somthetho, inikeza i-exake enkantolo amaphutha asenkantolo futhi ikhuthaza ukuvumelana komthetho. Nakuba indlela yokufaka isaziso sokudlulisa isikhalo ingeyokwamukela izinqumo ezithatha isikhathi eside nezibizayo, ukuqonda izinyathelo, izisekelo, nokucabangela okubalulekile inganika amandla ama-ligitrice ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ukuba ungumgadi wecala, umfundi, noma uchwepheshe ongokomthetho, ukwazi imithetho eyisisekelo yokudlulisa izikhalo, kubalulekile. Ukuze uthole imithetho ebanzi ye-proccone, thintana ne-[FLT] [[3] i-FLT] i-FOctiveractivelsss of Appelleture [[Foctive] i-Exptions, [FFoctive] ibuye ime ime i-Undernamestionstion:[5] noMthetho woMyalome]