Inqubo yokuvota iyisisekelo sanoma yimuphi umphakathi wentando yeningi, iguqula ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye kube yindawo ebusayo. Kusukela ekuklanyweni kokuqala kwephepha lokuvota kuya ekuqiniseni kokugcina kwemiphumela, isigaba ngasinye sakhelwe phezu kwemiklamo engokomthetho, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, nezindlela zokuphatha. Ukuqonda loluhambo kunika izakhamuzi amandla okuqondisa isimiso ngokuqiniseka, ukuqaphela izinga lokuvikela okungavikeleka ukukhetha. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okunemininingwane, inqubo yokuvota, ukuhlola izigaba eziyinhloko zomklamo zomklamo, ukubhalisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukubala, nokubala, nokuveza i-posi.

Umklamo Webhola: Isisekelo Sokusakaza Izinhlamvu Ezinembile

Isinyathelo sokuqala esibucayi enqubweni yokuvota umklamo we-collet ngokwayo. Umvoti ohlelwe kahle unciphisa ukudideka kovoti, unciphisa amabhola angonakalisiwe, futhi uthinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kwemiphumela yokhetho. Umklamo weBallot uyinkundla ekhethekile ehlanganisa ukucwaninga okunenzuzo, izindinganiso zokuthola ulwazi, nezimfuneko zokhuseleko. Izikhulu zokhetho zisebenza nabaklami ababonisa imibala neziphiwo ezingabantu ukuze zakhe izigqizo ezicacile, eziwundayo, nezingalo ezingokomthetho.

Uhlobo Lwamabhola

Izindawo ezihlukene zisebenzisa amafomethi ahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • Iphepha lophawu: Amavoter aphawula izikhethelo zawo ngokuqondile ephepheni, elibe selihlolwa noma libalwe ngesandla. Ama-peper bolots anikeza indlela yokuhlola izibalo futhi ayindinganiso yegolide yokhuseleko.
  • I-coptical bollot: Imishini igcwalisa amagwebu noma ixhumanisa imicibisholo ephepheni elifundwa kamuva i-scanralner. Lezizimiso zihlanganisa ukusebenziseka kwephepha nejubane lokusebenzisa umshini.
  • Imishini elungisayo ye-electron (DRE): Imishini yenza ukukhetha esikrinini sokuthinta, futhi amavoti agcinwa ngogesi. Izimiso eziningi ze-DRE manje zihlanganisa izinhlayiya zephepha ezikhokhelwayo (VPAT) ukuze zivumele ukulandisa.
  • I-Internet noma ukuvota okukude: esetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe ekukhetheni izinhlelo zomshayeli phesheya kwezilwandle, iphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kweze-inthanethi futhi akuvamile ukuthathwa e-United States ekukhetheni umphakathi.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zomklamo

Umklamo webhola lokubala ophumelelayo ulandela izindlela ezimisiwe zokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokusebenzisa ibhola:

  • Unikezelo: Ballots kumele kuhlalisele abavoti ngokukhubazeka, kuhlanganise nalabo abanokukhubazeka kokubona. Izincwadi ezinkulu, izimpawu-zomsindo (umzk., izisetshenziswa zokudweba ibhola), kanye nokuhambelana komfundi kwesobucukubhende kuyadingeka ngaphansi kwemithetho enjenge-Help American Vote Vote Act (VA).
  • I-'I-'I-' Imilayezo kumele ibe lula, i-mafonti, namagama acelayo ahlelwe ngokungaguquki.' Isimo esiphansi sokushaya amabhola''''''''njengezinsika ezididayo noma i-prints encane----accel' iholela ku-ngaphansi kwe-vote.
  • Ukhuseleko:[ izici zomklamo zivimbela ukuphazanyiswa. Amaphaphu avame ukuhlanganisa izici zokuphepha njengezimpawu zamanzi, ama-barcode ayingqayizivele, noma ama-inki akhethekile. Ama-computer bollot adinga ukuvulwa kombhalo ofinyelelweyo nokulawulwa kokungena.
  • Ukuma okuvamile okuvamile ezindaweni zomphakathi kunciphisa amaphutha ovoti. Ngokwesibonelo, amaqoqo esiteji esinesitebhisi sehhovisi athanda ukuhlelwa yiqembu lezombangazwe, kuyilapho uhlelo lweqembu leqembu lihlelwa yiqembu lezombangazwe.

I - Evotion Application Commission (EAC) yase - United States inikeza iziqondiso zesimiso sokuvota zokuzithandela nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuklama imishini.

Izindlela Zokukhipha: Ukukhetha Nezici Ezinzima

Ukhetho lwanamuhla lunikeza izindlela eziningi zokuvota ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uhlanganyela kanjani kuyilapho ulondoloza ukulondeka.

Ukusakaza Ngeposi Ngosuku Lokhetho

Lendlela engokwesiko ilokhu iyinto evame kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi. Amavoter ahamba aye endaweni ehlolwayo, aqinisekise ukuthi bangobani, athole ibhola elinophawu (iphepha noma i-electronic), aphawule izinqumo zawo ekamelweni langasese, athumele i-coptor. Ku-postarson anikeza ukuzithoba okusheshayo futhi anciphise ingozi yokubuya kwesikhashana noma ukungadluliswanga kahle. Nokho, kungabangela imigqa emide, idinga izisebenzi zokuvota, futhi kunganqanda ukuvota kwanele phakathi kwalabo abasebenzisa ukunyakaza noma abahlela ukubuya.

Ukusaswa Kwamanzi Kusencane

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziphonse amavoti ezindawo ezimisiwe ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Lokhu kunciphisa ukucindezela kovota, kunciphisa ukucindezela ngosuku olulodwa futhi kuvumelanisa nezimo. Izikhathi zokuvota zakuqala zisukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa. Imithetho yokuvota iveza ukuthi i-protocolotion of theoder dat [1] i-odatem, izincwadi zokuvota, nokugcinwa kwe-colottet igcinwa phakathi nenkathi yokuvota yasekuqaleni. Ukucwaninga eBrennan Center kubonisa ukuthi ukuvota ngokushesha kwanda ngokuthobeka kwanda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemikhaya esebenzayo.

Ukusakaza Iposi (Imboni Yokuthumela)

Kuvota imvume yokuba abavoti bamukele, baphelele, futhi babuyisele amavota ngeposi noma ngebhokisi lokulahla. Lendlela ikhule ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kobhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19. Lenqubo ihilela isicelo (kwezinye izizwe, bonke abavoti abakhuthele bathunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ekhaya, futhi baphinde babuyele ngeposi noma ngeposi noma ngekanise ibhokisi elilondekile. I-Spectal inyathelo elibucayi lokuphepha elinomthetho we-posi nemithetho ye-octives encwabeni yokusayinwa kwe-colovoration. I-odoloradow, i-Oredown, neWashington iye yaqhuba zonke izinhlangothi zeposi iminyaka eminingi, ibonisa ukuphepha nokuhlanganyela okukhulu. Ingqungquthelana yesizwe ye-State i-SCNCL inikeza imithetho ye-posi futhi imibiko eseduze kakhulu ye-operation.

Ukuthutha Ngemishini

Uma ukuvota komvoti kungenakuqinisekiswa ngokushesha, phela ngenxa yokuthola izimpikiswano zokubhalisa, igama elingafani, noma ukulahleka . Bavunyelwa ukuphonsa i-collet ye-atalita. Lo mboni uthathwa ngokwehlukana futhi ubalwe kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi imvume yomvoti akakwazi ukuphumelela. Ukuvota kohlelo akuqinisekisiwe uma egcina ubuqotho bezibalo zokugcina. Ngo-202020, izigidi zabavoti abasemthethweni zaphonswa ezweni lonke; inani elincane lalahlwayo ekugcineni, lagcizelela ukubaluleka kokubhaliswa okunembile.

Ukulungiselela Ukulungisa Imali: Kusukela Ekubhaliseni Kuya Ekucwaningeni

Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo kudinga ukulungiselela kusengaphambili. Izinyathelo ziyahlukahluka ngokwemingcele kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukubhalisa umvoti, ukubukeza amavoti ayizinsalela nokuqonda izimfuneko zokuthola imvume.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Umbuso ngamunye ngaphandle kwe-North Dakota ufuna ukuba izakhamuzi zibhalise ngaphambi kokuvota. Ukubhalisa kusuka osukwini olufanayo (ezizweni ezinjenge California ne Minnesota) kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho. Ukubhalisa kungaqedwa kuyi-intanethi, ngeposi, noma kumuntu emahhovisi ezimoto noma kwezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ngenxa ye-National Voter Explorialigial Act (NVRA). I-Bipartarisan Policy Center yeluleka ukuba ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo (I-AVR), okubhalisa izakhamuzi ezifanele uma zisebenzelana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuphumelele emarishinini ayandayo nasekwenzeni anembile.

Abaqondisi kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi babhaliswe kahle ngaphambi kokuba kufike isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma bethuthe, beshintshile amagama, noma bengazange bavote okhethweni lwamuva. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza amatheku e-website lapho izakhamuzi zingahlola khona indawo yazo yokubhalisa, isampula lemali, kanye nemininingwane yokubhalisa.

Ukucwaninga Izindaba Nezindaba

Ukuvota okunolwazi kudinga ukuqonda amahhovisi, abavoti, kanye nezinyathelo zokhetho. I-Nonpartisan i-votar, njengalezo zeNhlangano yabesifazane Voters, inikeza ukwaziswa okungagwegwesi. Isampula yama-coloot(atholakala emahhovisi okhetho esifunda-zwe) ivumela abavoti ukuba baqale kabusha futhi balungiselele. Izimpikiswano eziyinhloko zokucwaninga zihlanganisa izikhundla zomgomo, imithombo yezimali, kanye nethonya lemithetho ehlongowomthetho-omfa. Izinhlanga zokwahlulela kanye nezindlela zokhetho zendawo zivame ukunganakwa kodwa zinemiphumela emikhulu emphakathini.

Ukuqonda Izindlela Zokuthuthukisa

Amavoter kufanele aqinisekise indlela azosebenzisa ngayo `in-person, shesha, noma iposi) futhi afunde imithetho eqondile. Ku-operan, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi indawo namahora ezindawo zabo zokuvota, izindlela ezamukelekayo zokuhlukanisa (ezinye izimo ezidinga i-ID yezithombe, ezinye zithatha izincwadi ezingathathi photo), kanye nanoma iyiphi indawo ekhethekile yokuvota kubantu abakhubazekile. Ukuvota, umvoti kumelwe uqonde ukuthi ungawuqeda kanjani kahle umbheceli webhola, usayina imvilo-mfekethi, futhi uhlangabezane nemithetho yeposi. Imithetho yeposi iyahlukahluka: eminye isho ukuthi ibhola lomthetho ukuze yamukelwe ngoSuku lo suku lokuhlela, kuyilapho abanye bemukela izimende ezimashicishiwe ngalolosuku futhi bamukele ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuphonsa Imali: Isenzo Esingasodwa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvota kungumuntu noma ngeposi, ukuphonsa ibhola lokuvota kuyinqubo ebhalwe ngokucophelela eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyimfihlo, kunembile futhi kulondekile.

Izinyathelo Zokukhipha Imishini

  • Secta-in: Voter inikeza isikhombi isikhombi isikhombi isikhombi esibonisa (uma kudingeka). Isisebenzi sokuvota sithola ivoti emtholazweni wokubhalisa (ngokuvamile ngencwadi yevolution ye-electronic) bese sikhipha i-balot noma ikhadi lokuvota.
  • uphawu oluthi lufane: luqhubekela edokodweni lobuso. Kuwomavoti bephepha, umvoti usebenzisa ipeni ukugcwalisa i-oval noma ukuxhuma imicibisholo. Ezimisweni ye DRE, izikhethelo zenziwa esikhumulweni sokuthinta. Imishini yokudweba i-Ballot (BMDS) ingasiza ekuvoteleni ngokukhubazeka ngokunikeza izici zomsindo noma izixhuzuzo zokuhlakanipha.
  • Ukuholelwa kwezincwadi: Amabhola ephepha aqediwe afakwa ebhokisini elivaliwe lebhola noma afakwe emshinini wokuhlola obekunawo. Amavoti amaningi aqoshwa ngomshini womshini we-octal, futhi imishini eminingi inyathelisa irekhodi lephepha ukuze ifakazelwe. Ama Voter akhuthazwa ukuba abukeze ukukhetha kwawo ngaphambi kokuba aqede.
  • Exit: Umvoti ubuyisela ibhola lovoti noma athole isiqinisekiso sokuthi ivoti iphonswe. Izisebenzi ezimposiso zingakhipha i-“I-oct" cointer, kodwa lokhu kungokomfanekiso.

Izinyathelo Zokusakaza Iposi

  • tract: Ivoter ithola iphakethe lomshini eposini, ngokuvamile liqukethe ibholathi, imvilophu yokufihla, imvilophu yokubuya ene-affidavit, neziqondiso.
  • [ Ukulandelana: iphawula ibhola lomshini ngasese, ulandela zonke iziyalezo ngokucophelela. Autovotes (ukhetha abathathi hlangothi abangaphezulu koyedwa emncintiswaneni owodwa) ukunciphisa umncintiswano; amavoti angabhaliwe awabalwa kulowomncintiswano.
  • Imvumo: Ibhola eliqediwe lifakwa emvilophini yokufihla (lingabe lifuna ukubona noma ubani). Lemvilophu ifakwa emvilophini yokubuya. Umvoti uphawula imvilophu yokubuya i-ffidavit; kwezinye izindawo, kudingeka nofakazi noma isignesha.
  • Ukubuya: Imvilophu ibuyiselwa emuva noma ifakwe ebhokisini leconsi elilondekile ngaphambi kokuphela kosuku. Abavoter bangabheka isimo sebhola labo elingunogada ngamatheku asesifundeni sombuso :"lena ibala irisidi futhi ibaxwayise kunoma yimiphi imibaphi (njengesignothi esilahlekile).

Uhlelo Lokubala Izinhlamvu Zemidlalo: Kusuka Ebalot Kuya Ekuvimbeleni

Lapho inkathi yokuvota isiphelile, izikhulu zokhetho ziqala inqubo enzima yokubala amavoti.

Iqoqo Lezinhlamvu Nesihluku Selungelo Lokugcina

Zonke izibaya − noma ziphonswe umuntu, kusenesikhathi, noma zithunyelwe ngeposi − ziboshelwe futhi zithuthwe endaweni ephakathi. Izinqubo zokuwinwa kwezingane zibhalwe kuzo zonke izinyathelo, ngokuvamile nge-althmetics, ama-bipartisan. Amakhamera okuvikela angabheka izindawo zokugcina. Ezizweni eziningi, izigaxa-gesi zigcinwa ngaphakathi, zivalwe izitsha uma zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuqinisekiswa Nokuhlelwa Kwayo

Ngaphambi kokuba kubale amaphepha okuvota, izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe ziqinisekise ubuqiniso bazo:

  • Ukuqinisekisa: Izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ziqhathanisa isignesha esemvilophu yokubuya nesigcobo sokubhalisa somvoti noma irekhodi le-DMV. Ama-mistry afunyaniswa ukuze elaphe; abavoti bayathintwa ukuze kuxazululwe umagazini. Ezinye izifunda zivumela ukusayinwa kokwaziswa nge-software eqondiswe nge-opera ye-othobo kunye nomqondisi womuntu.
  • ukwenziwa kwe-Ballot: Umonakalo noma amabhola aphawulwe kabi angadinga ukulingiswa yiqembu le-bipartan kumabhola ahlanzekile ukuze avumele ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kumelwe kwenziwe ngokucace kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngezibukeli ezikhona.
  • Ukuhambisa--nezelwa: Imvulophu yokususa, ukucanda, nokuhlela isifunda. Kwezinye izifunda, kuvulwa izimvilophu futhi kususwe amabhola ezinsukwini ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho; nokho, ukubala kwangempela akuqali kuze kube yilapho ukuvota sekuphelile.

Izindlela Zokuvimbela Ukugawulwa

Amavote abalwa ngokusebenzisa izinombolo zomthetho zokubala izandla noma izigaxa ze-electronic. Ama-optical scanner ayindlela yobuchwepheshe evame kakhulu ```afunda amavoti ephepha namavoti athathayo. Imishini ye-DRE izenza ivotelele ngaphakathi. Izimiso eziphakathi zihlela zonke izinombolo endaweni eyodwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kokunemba kwe-tabuller kwenziwa ngokuqonda kwangaphambi kokhetho nokuhlola, kanye nokuhlolwa kohlelo lwangemva kohlelo.

Amaphuzu

Uma ibala elizivelelayo lokunqoba lincane kakhulu (ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-0.5% noma inani elithile lamavota), ukulandisa okuzenzekelayo kuyashintshwa. Amakhansela angase acele futhi ukulandisa. Amakhanda angaba yincwadi (ukubala ama-collet amaphepha) noma umshini (amabhola aphinde ancishiswe ngemishini). Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngemithetho ebaliwe, bhekisela kuyi-National Conference of Leggislatures (NCSL) yokulandisa i-metalog.

Izinhlelo zokhetho zangemva kokukhetha: Imikhankaso, izitifiketi, nezinselele

Ngemva kokuqala ukubala, uchungechunge lwezinqubo zangemva kokukhetha luqinisekisa imiphumela futhi lulungise noma yikuphi ukungavumelani. Leliqophelo libalulekile ukuze umphakathi wethenjwe futhi ugcine umthetho.

Imipheme

Ukuhlola izingozi zemali (RLAS) kuba indinganiso yegolide yokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokhetho. IRLA ngokuzenzekelayo ilinganisa inani elincane lamabhola futhi ifanisa imiphumela ebaliwe nengqikithi yomshini onezinga lokulinganisela. Uma ukubala kwezandla kufanelana nomshini ophakathi kwezibalo, umphumela uqinisekiswa ngokuqiniseka okukhulu. Uma ukuphikisana kubonakala, ukuphindwa kwenani elingaphezulu kuhlanganisa amabhola. Izwe elinjenge-Colorado noVirginia liye laphayona i-RLA. I-Verrified Foundation inikeza imithombo emihle kakhulu yezindlela zokuhlola nokubala.

Ukugunyaza

Ngemva kokuba wonke amavoti ebaliwe, abhalwe (uma ekhona), futhi ahlolwe, ukhetho lufakazelwa indikimba emisiwe (umz., ibhodi yesifunda sama-lansss, unobhala kahulumeni, noma ikhomishane yokhetho). Isiqinisekiso simemezela ngokusemthethweni abawinileyo kanye nengqikithi yokuvota. Lenqubo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukubukezwa kwamabhola asemthethweni, amabhola aphesheya, nezinselele. Izikhawu zemali zimiswa ngomthetho, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa ngemva koSuku Lokhetho.

Ukusingatha Izinselele Nezingxabano

Imiphumela yokukhetha ingabekelwa inselele ngezinqubo ezingokomthetho. Izinqumo zingabekwa ngokusekelwe emacaleni okukhwabanisa, amaphutha okuqondisa, noma ukuphulwa kwemithetho. Izinkantolo zibukeza ubufakazi futhi zinganikeza ukuhleleka, ziphinde zihlole, noma ngisho nokhetho olusha ezicabeni ezidlulele. Ubuqotho besimiso sokhetho buxhomeke ekwakheni umthetho okuqinile okulingana nekhambi elifinyelelekayo. I-Brennan Center for Justicement iye yakhipha ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwesinqumo se-votor Reance.

Isiphetho

Uhambo lwevoti esuka emklamweni wokuvota ukuya ekugcineni ukubala luyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ebekelwe imibala eminingi efuna ukunethezeka, ukubonakala, nokuthenjwa komphakathi. Isigaba ngasinye (ukubekwa, ukubhaliswa, ukubhaliswa, ukufakwa, nokuphenya) nokuvikelwa (i-intcorporate) kuvikela ukulondeka kokhetho. Ngokuqonda lezi zinyathelo, izakhamuzi ziba abenzi bezinga lokusebenza abanolwazi oluthe xaxa, futhi zingasekela kangcono intuthuko ezimisweni zazo zokukhetha. Inqubo yentando yeningi iphila noma ife kubantu abanethemba layo, futhi lokho kuqalisa ngenqubo yokuvota ecacile, efinyelelekayo, nelondekile.