Isisekelo Sezwi Lakho EWashington

IUnited States House of Declarations yakha itshe le-odole eliyikhombayo elivamile kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Njalo eminyakeni emibili, abavoti ezifundeni ezingu-45 zomhlangano kulo lonke izwe bakhetha ummeleli ozosekela izithakazelo zabo, umphakathi wabo, nombono wabo wesizwe. Nakuba iSigele sinikeza izimpawu ezilinganayo kuzwe ngalinye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi linabantu abanjani, i House iveza intando yabantu abasekelwe lapho behlala khona. Lendlela eyisisekelo iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zonke zinesihlalo esihambelanayo etafuleni lapho kubhalwa imithetho yesizwe, izimali zibuthelwa, futhi izikhulu zikahulumeni zibekwa icala.

Ukuqonda imisebenzi eqondile namandla endlu kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi ebhokisini lokuvota. Uma uvotela ummeleli, awumane nje ukhetha igama - ukhetha ukuthi ubani ozophatha izwe i-̱ okusho ukuthi i-parical, i-proconst, nemithwalo yemfanelo. Ngezansi, siphula lokho iNdlu yabameleli ekwenzela khona, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isigwebo siqala ukumiswa ezinqumweni zokugcina ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Engokomthetho: Ukuguqula Imibono Ibe Imithetho

I House ’ isebenza ngokuyinhloko ngomthetho-sisekelo ukwenza nokukhipha umthetho kahulumeni. Zonke iziphakamiso eziba umthetho kumelwe zivele eMzini noma eSigedeni (ngokungakho kuphela okumelwe zonke izikweleti zemali ziqale eNdlwini). Uma sekusungulwe isikweleti, sabelwe ikomiti eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, lapho umsebenzi wangempela wokulungisa uqala khona. Ukuzwa kwekomiti kuletha ochwepheshe, amaqembu athintekile, nezikhulu zezinhlangano zokuhlola umbiko wemali i-’ imiphumela engenzeka. Khona - ke, esimisweni se-ccocococoancis, amalungu afaka impikiswano futhi avotela ukuthi ingabe umsebenzi wangempela wokuthumela izimemezelo zesimiso sokulungisa umthetho uqala igumbi eligcwele.

Ngemva kokudlulisa incwadi yemvume, idlulela eNdlunkulu ukuze ihlolwe. Uma iSigele sidlulisa inguquko ehlukile, ikomiti yengqungquthela i̬ yakhiwe amalungu ayo womabili amagumbi i-̬ iveza ukuhlehliswa. Inguquko yokugcina kumelwe ivunyelwe yiyo yomibili indlu neSigele, khona - ke ithunyelwe kuMongameli. Isigqebhezana somongameli noma iveto (ifuna amavoti amabili-3 emagumbini onke) inquma ishwale. Lenqubo, nakuba ngokuvamile ihamba kancane futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho uhlaziywe kahle ngaphambi kokuba umthetho ube umthetho.

Ngokufanelekile, indlu ilawula uhlelo lwayo siqu lwezindleko eziningi nge-Mission Committee, emisa izimpikiswano nokulungisa. Lo mbuso uvumela iningi ukuba liqhubele phambili umthetho oza kuqala kuyilapho livimbela. Kuwe, umavoti, lokhu kusho ukuthi iqembu olikhethile eNdlini linesandla esiqinile ekunqumeni ukuthi iziphi izimpikiswano eziqala ukuxabana nokuthi zihamba ngokushesha kangakanani.

Indlela Abameleli Bakho Abakhuluma Ngayo

Ilungu ngalinye lendlu kulindeleke ukuba livote emasontweni amakhulu ezindleko isiqephu ngasinye. Nakuba ukuhola kweqembu kuvame ukumisa isimiso esiphansi futhi kujezise amavoti, abameleli ekugcineni balandisa esifundeni sabo. Ungahlola indlela abameleli bakho abavota ngayo umthetho oyinhloko ngamawebhusayithi angokomthetho anjenge .Gonforv noma abaqondisi abangekho abangaphandle. Umlando ongaguquguquki wokuvota ngezindaba onakekela i-̬ ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukufuduka, imfundo, noma isisekelo se-̬ enye yezindlela ezicacile zokuhlola ummeleli we-̱ ukuphumelela.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokusetshenziswa Kwayo: Amandla Okuthenga

Enye yemithwalo yemfanelo elandela i-palgrative yendlu amandla ayo akhethekile omthetho-sisekelo ukuba asungule zonke izikweletu zemali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umthetho okhuphula izintela noma ogunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwemali kumelwe uqale eNdlu. I House imisa uhulumeni wezwe i-’ ihlela izinqubo zezimali ngezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umjikelezo waminyaka yonke wezokuhlelwa kwemali kanye nesinqumo sezimiso zokuhlela izindleko.

IKomiti yoHlahlelo lwemali ye House ihlela izilinganiso zemali ezisetshenziswayo kulonyaka olandelayo. Leli zwi lesinqumo alikho emthethweni kodwa linikeza ipulani yamakomiti anikeza iziphakamiso ukuba anikeze imali enqamule imali emali ehlukene emalini engu-12. Imali ngayinye yemali iyindawo ethile kahulumeni i-— i-defense, ezolimo, ezokuthutha, izinkonzo zezempilo, nezemisebenzi yabantu, njalonjalo. Ngalezi zikwehlisa izindleko, i House inquma ukuthi imali engakanani empini, ukuthi ingakanani esetshenziswa ezinkonzweni zezezezezezezemisebenzi yezezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi embusweni engokomthetho ezwe lakho, nokuthi kungakanani okuhlelwa izinhlelo ezinjenge-Medicara noma usizo lokudla.

La mandla esikhwama athinta ngokuqondile isikhwama sakho semali. Uma indlu yanda noma inciphise imali exhasa i-Internal Revenue Service, ithonya indlela oqoqa ngayo izintela zakho ngokunamandla. Uma izimali noma izinhlelo zokusiza abafundi zikahulumeni zikhokha, ishintsha izindleko zekholiji ezigidi zemikhaya. Indlu futhi inegunya lokuphoqelela izimo ekusebenziseni imali, iphoqelela izinhlangano ukuba zivumelane nemithetho ethile ngaphambi kokuba zisebenzise izimali ezifanele.

Ukubhekisisa ngokujule kakhulu umjikelezo wemali wamanje nendlela othinta ngayo izinhlelo zikahulumeni, vakashela iHhovisi Lohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali [i-CLT], enikeza ukuhlaziywa kokuhlelwa kwemali nezicelo zomthetho. Izindleko zeCBO zivame ukukhonjwa phakathi nezinkulumo-mpikiswano zendlu futhi isize abavoti baqonde imiphumela ethatha isikhathi eside yezindleko zabameleli babo.

Ukukhokha Isikweleti Nokwehliswa Kwemali

Ngaphezu kokukhokha kwaminyaka yonke, i House ivota ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphakamisa noma ukumisa uphahla lwemali kahulumeni. Lokhu akuyona ivoti ekusebenziseni imali entsha kodwa kunalokho kuyivoti yokugunyaza iNdawo yezimali ukuba iqhubeke ikhokha izibopho zikahulumeni kakade. Ukwehluleka ukuphakamisa isikweleti sophahla kungabangela ukungahleleki, okunemiphumela enzima kwezomnotho zembulunga yonke kanye nemali yakho siqu. Indima yendlu ekuxoxeni ngezikweletu zangaphakathi iyenza ibe nethuba elikhulu lokukhipha imvume yokukhipha umthetho ovunyelwe kuMongameli neSigele, yenze ibe yindawo yokulwa kwe-RGBR.

Ukumelela Izakhamuzi: I - internact of D.C.

Ngokungafani nezifemu ezimelela zonke izifundazwe, amalungu endlu akhonza izifunda ezincane ezisendaweni ethile i-̬ ngayinye equkethe abantu abangaba ngu-760 000. Lokhu kuhlobana okuseduze nemiphakathi yendawo yinjini yedemokrasi emelela i-demokrasi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wommeleli wakho uwukuba ube ummeleli kuhulumeni kazwelonke. Lokho kusho ukulalela izinkathazo ezivela kubantu abaphethe, ukuhlangana nabaholi bendawo, nokusebenzisa ihhovisi labo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihilela izinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Indaba: Ukusiza Wena Navigate Bureaucracy

Enye yezinkonzo eziyigugu kakhulu ihhovisi lendlu eliyinikezayo umsebenzi wokukhokha izimali. Uma unenkinga nenhlangano kahulumeni i̬ ngokwesibonelo, isicelo sepasi lokungena sesikhashana, ukuhlangana nezinzuzo zeNtlalo-ntle, ukusho konokuhlangenwe nakho okunamathele esimisweni, noma inkinga yokufuduka i-̬ izisebenzi zakho zingangenela kuwe. Bathintana nenxusa, bacela ukushintshwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuqedwe izinqumiso. Izinkulungwane zama-AR37 zithintana namahhovisi azo e Homes ukuze zisizwe ukuze zisizwe njalo, futhi izinga lempumelelo liphakeme ngenxa yokuthi izinhlangano zisabela ngokushesha ekuququleni i-mibani.

Ukuze uthole usizo, ufaka ifomu lokukhipha imfihlo ngengosi yommeleli wakho noma ngehhovisi lesigodi lendawo. Izisebenzi zizokuhamba kule nqubo futhi zikugcine usazi. Le nkonzo yamahhala itholakala kubo bonke abantu basesifundeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaliphi iqembu noma uvota kanjani. Kuyinzuzo eqondile, esobala yokuba nezwi eMzini.

Ukuhlanganyela NemaHholo Edolobha Okuzitika Ngawo

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwecala, abameleli baqhuba imihlangano yamahholo edolobha, amahholo asemadolobheni ocingo, kanye namahholo afanayo okuzwa wena ngokuqondile. Lezi zikhathi zingamathuba okubuza imibuzo, ukuveza imibono ngomthetho osele ukhona, futhi baphakamise izimpikiswano ozifunayo. Abameleli abaningi basebenzisa futhi imithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo kanye namaphepha e-imeyili ukuze baxoxe ngemishwane. Ukuya ehholo ledolobha noma ukubhala incwadi enengqondo kungathonya kanjani amavoti akho ezindabeni eziyinhloko, ikakhulukazi uma kuvela isivumelwano phakathi kwabameleli.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela: Ukuqashwa Nokulandisa

Indlu ayiyona nje indikimba yomthetho; futhi iyisehlo esinamandla egatsheni eliphethe. Ngezikomiti zayo, i House iqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ihlola ukuthi ukuziphatha kabi, futhi iqungamela obala. Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi uMongameli negatsha eliphethe i-ofisi balandela umthetho futhi basebenzise imali ekhokhayo ngokuhlakanipha. Indlu ingafakaza izincwadi zentela, idinga ubufakazi ezikhulwini zezombuso, futhi iletha ukunakekela komphakathi ezinkingeni zikahulumeni.

Ukucwaninga Kwekomiti Nezindlebe

Amakomiti endlu, njenge-Oversity and Government Reformation Committee, i-Judiary Committee, ne-Intelligence Committee, anegunya elikhulu lokuhlola noma iziphi izindaba ezihlobene nesimiso sikahulumeni noma ukuphatha. Uphenyo oluphezulu luhlanganise konke kusukela ekusabeleni ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo nasemhlaseleni ekulungeleni kokuphucwa kwezentengiselwano namacala enkohlakalo. Lokhu kulalela kuveza ukutusa komthetho okuholela emithethweni emisha noma ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe kuhulumeni.

Kuhlela amakomiti, ama-computer, nezinhlu zofakazi, vakashela i-panethi yendlu.gov, enikeza ukuxhumana nekhasi elingokomthetho lekomiti ngayinye. Ukubuka ikomiti elalela i-intanethi kuyindlela enkulu yokubona ama-dollar akho entela emsebenzini futhi uqonde izimpikiswano ummeleli wakho azilandelela.

Amandla Afunayo

UMthetho-sisekelo unika iNdlu amandla okungagunyazi. Lena inyathelo lokuqala ekususeni isikhulu sikahulumeni i-̬ kuhlanganise noMongameli, uMongameli ongumpheleli, namajaji kahulumeni i-̬ ukusuka ehhovisi “lomcabango, ukufumbathisa, noma amanye amacala aphakeme kanye namaphutha.” Indlu ivota ngezihloko zokungagunyazi, futhi uma iningi livuma, icala lidlulela eSigeqeqeni secala. Indlu isebenza njengejaji elikhulu; iNxaba eliphethe njengejaji. Inkantolo ayiyona into engavamile futhi ingathi sína, kodwa isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola okubalulekile ekumelaneni namandla.

Ukukholelwa KuNkulunkulu

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukujezisa kwendlu akuzisuki nje kususiwe isikhulu. Kumane kuyicala elingokomthetho. Kuyivoti eyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kuphela eSigele ukuba iboshwe futhi isuswe. Ngenxa yokuthi iNdlu iye yanikeza izikhulu izikhulu izikhathi ezintathu emlandweni wanamuhla (iziphakamiso ezimbili zobumongameli nesikhulu esisodwa se-kaputeni), abavoti kumelwe baqaphele ubufakazi nezimpikiswano ezinikezwa phakathi nesigaba sokuphenya kwendlu. Indima yendlu ekuhlolweni iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sikhulu esikhethiwe noma esimisiwe esimiswe ngaphezu komthetho.

Indlela Indlu Ehlelwa Ngayo: Izikhulu, Incane, NamaKomiti

Indlu isebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso semithetho eminingi. Iqembu lezombangazwe elinezihlalo eziningi likhetha uSpeaker weNdlu, ongowesibili ohlwini lobuPresidenti (ngemva komongameli ongumongameli). USwepher ulawula uhlelo lwezinqumo zomthetho, umisa izihlalo zamakomiti, futhi uqondisa impikiswano ephansi. Iqembu elincane lihlela ukuhola kwalo, iqembu lesaphu, namalungu aphezulu emakomitini ukuze linikeze ezinye izindlela futhi liphikise iningi.

Umsebenzi omningi ocushweyo wenziwa emakomitini. Kunamakomiti azimele angu-20 eNdlu, ngalinye liphethe indawo ethile yesimiso esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, i House Ways ne-Frame Committee isingatha izintela, ezohwebo, nezomphakathi; i-Energy and Committee Committee iphatha izempilo, indawo ezungezile, nezokuxhumana. Izabelo zamakomiti ziyigugu kakhulu ngoba zivumela amalungu ukuba athuthukise ubuchwepheshe nomthetho obaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezisezifundazweni zawo.

Uma isifunda sakho sinezikhungo zempi ezinkulu, ummeleli wakho cishe uyofuna isihlalo eKomitini yamaNkonzo eHlanzekile. Uma isifunda sakho sinenani elikhulu labalimi, iKomiti Yezolimo inguhlobo olungokwemvelo. Uma uvota, bheka ukuthi yimaphi amakomiti ommeleli wakho asebenza kuwo; kukubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano ezingase zitholekelwe kakhulu ehhovisi labo.

Ukuhlanganyela Nendlu: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Kwabavolo

  1. Thola ummeleli wakho. Sebenzisa iNdlu .gov “Funa ithuluzi lakho lokumelela” ngokungena ekhodini le ZiP. Lokhu kukunikeza igama, iwebhusayithi, kanye nokwaziswa kothintana nelungu le-Bhunga.
  2. Intela yeze-Track namavoti. Zisayine izixwayiso eziseSixukwini.gov noma sebenzisa izingosi ezinjenge-GovTrack.sus ukuqondisa umthetho ophethe abameleli bakho noma amavoti.
  3. Attend noma umhlangano. Abameleli abaningi bathatha amahora ehhovisi lesigodi noma izenzakalo zehholo ledolobha. Uma benza i ’, cela eyodwa. Ungahlangana nelungu lezisebenzi ehhovisi lesigodi.
  4. Ubhala noma ushaye ucingo. Umyalezo ofingqiwe, onesizotha, nowethu usebenza kakhulu kunohlamvu olufanayo. Ucingo ngalunye oluthintana nommeleli lubuye lufingqa izimpikiswano.
  5. [ port iqaphe izinhlangano ze-offdog. Amaqembu angenaluvosi efana neNhlangano yabesifazane ne Sun Light Foundation ishicilela iziqondiso zokukusiza uqonde izinqubo zendlu futhi ugcine amalungu enecala.

Isiphetho: Isizathu Sokuba Indlu Yakho Iveze Izindaba

Indlu yabameleli ingumnyango kahulumeni oseduze kakhulu nabantu. Amalungu ayo asebenzisa amagama amafushane iminyaka emibili ngokukhethekile ukuze ahlale esabela ekushintsheni umbono womphakathi. Indlu ngayinye yokukhetha iyithuba lokubuyisela uhlelo lwesizwe. Uma uvotela ummeleli, ukhetha ukuthi ubani ozobhala imithetho ethinta umholo wakho, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izingane zakho i’ imfundo, nesizwe sakho i’ ukulondeka. Unquma ukuthi iliphi iqembu elizobamba i-galelo elinikeziwe futhi lilawule ukugeleza komthetho. Futhi unika othile igunya lokumelana nawe ne-graced contrectory engabonakala ingenandaba.

Ukwazi izisekelo zalokho iNdlu eyenza i̬ kusukela ekusebenziseni izikweletu ukuze ufeze ububonisi nokusiza abamelelwa ekucindezelekeni i-— ukukuhlola abazohlolwa ngokusekelwe emithwalweni yemfanelo eqinile kunokuluma umsindo. Uma uqonda kakhulu ukuthi iNdlu isebenza kanjani, ungalisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo iphimbo lakho ukuhlela izinto eziza kuqala. Indlu yabameleli, ngenxa yakho, abantu i-̱ indlu.