Table of Contents
Isethulo: INcwadi Yesisekelo Ekuphileni Kwesigebengu SaseMelika
Isethulo soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States asiyona nje indawo yokuqala engokwemikhosi. Siyisisho esifingqiwe senjongo esiye saguqula ukubusa kwaseMelika nophawu lomphakathi emakhulwini amabili eminyaka. Kusukela ngenkulumo enamandla " Thina bantu," sichaza ukuthi ukufaneleka kukahulumeni kusuka ngokuqondile evumeni yababuswayo. Le ncwadi eyodwa isebenza kokubili njengombhalo othunywa kanye nekhampasi yokuziphatha, echaza izinjongo eziyinhloko ezaziklanyelwe uMthetho-sisekelo. Ukuqonda i-Preggcolo kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda izimiso ezisekela ukubusa kwentando yeningi yaseMelika nemithwalo yemfanelo ezayo kanye nezakhamuzi.
Umlando Wesandulela
Isiqalo asivelanga ekungabini nalutho. I-Constitution of Confederation ka-1787 yahlanganiswa ngoba izihloko zobuKhomanisi zaziye zabonakala zingawufanelekeli uhulumeni osemusha. Abakhi babhekana nomsebenzi onzima wokwakha uhulumeni onamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba uvale izifunda kodwa ezilinganiselwe ngokwanele ukuvikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. I-Pregagry ibonisa ukuhlehla nezifiso ezavela kule mpikiswano eshubile.
Izinhloso eziyisithupha ezisohlwini lwesandulela zakhethwa ngokucophelela ukusingatha ukwehluleka okuqondile kweZihlokwana zoMhlangano. Inkulumo [[FLT:]" iguqula isibopho esiphelele kakhulu" iyavuma ukuthi ukuhlangana okukhona kwakunephutha futhi kudinga intuthuko. "" i-Estable Justicial" [ yakhuluma ngeziyaluyaluyalu zezenzakalo ezifana ne-Shays Revelution, eyayidalule ubuthakathaka bombuso ophakathi. Injongo ngayinye yayiqondene nkinga yangempela ekutholeni kwayo. Ukuthula kobungane"[FLT]
Ukukhethwa kwamagama okuvula " Yithi Abantu" ngokwaso sasiyisenzo sokuguqula isimo. Kunokuba sithi "Thina mazwe," abafaki bamafomu bafaka ubukhosi ngamabomu ezandleni zezakhamuzi njengendikimba ehlangene. Lokhu kusuka kuhulumeni kusuka kubantu abaphethe phakathi kwaba yisici esichazayo soMthetho-sisekelo omusha futhi kuhlala kuyisisekelo somcabango wezombangazwe zaseMelika. Ngakho i-Pregation isebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingapheli sokuthi uhulumeni ukhona ukuze ukhonze abantu, hhayi enye indlela ezungeze abantu.
Ukwahlukana Nezinhloso Eziyisithupha Eziyinhloko
Ukuqonda ngamunye wabafundi nezakhamuzi kusiza abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele lokho uMthetho - sisekelo owawuklanyelwe ukukufeza.
Yakha Ubunye Obuphelele
Lo mgomo uyavuma ukuthi ukuhlangana ngaphansi kweZihlokwana zoMhlangano kwakungaphelele futhi kwakudinga intuthuko. Abakhi be-flamester babefuna ukwakha uhulumeni onamandla kakhulu kuyilapho belondoloza ubukhosi bukahulumeni ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokwanamuhla, lo mgomo usikhumbuza ukuthi umsebenzi wokwakha isizwe esingcono awukapheli. Inyunyana iyaqhubeka iguqulwa ngezinguquko, umthetho, noshintsho lwezenhlalo. Imfundo ye-CBIB ingasebenzisa lo mgomo ukuze ixoxe ngokuthi isizwe siye sakhula kanjani phakathi kwesikhathi namanje nomsebenzi oqhubekayo odingekayo ekuhlukaniseni ukuhlukana.
Ukumisa Ubulungisa
Ubulungisa buyinzuzo eyisisekelo ehlanganisa imithetho elungile, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho, nezinkantolo ezingakhethi. Ukumiswa kwejaji likahulumeni kwakubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo uzakuchazwa ngokungaguquguquki ezweni lonke. Namuhla, umqondo wobulungisa uyisisekelo sempikiswano ngamalungelo omphakathi, ukwahlulela ngokulunga kobugebengu, nokungalingani kwezomnotho. Ukufundisa ngesiqalo kuvumela abafundi ukuba babuze ukuthi imithetho nezinhlangano zamanje ziphilelaphi ngokuvumelana nale njongo.
Qiniseka Ukuthi Amakhaya Ayasiza
Ukuthula kwasekhaya kubhekisela ekuthuleni nasekuhlelekeni emingceleni yezwe. Abahleli babezazi kahle izingozi zempi yangaphakathi, besanda kubhekana nesiphithiphithi sokuvukela kukaShays. Lomgomo unikeza uhulumeni uhulumeni igunya lokulondoloza ukuhleleka komphakathi nokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Emfundweni yomphakathi, lenjongo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulinganisela phakathi kwenhlala- kahle nenkululeko, kanye nendima yokugcinwa komthetho kanye nempi ekulondolozeni ukuthula.
Siza Ukuzivikela Okuvamile
Isivikelo esivamile sibhekisela ekuvikeleni isizwe ezinsongweni zangaphandle. Lenjongo imisa umthwalo kahulumeni wokulondoloza amabutho ahlomile nokwenza isimiso sangaphandle. Kuphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yomphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, nokusetshenziswa kwempi. Abafundi bangahlola indlela izimiso ze-Preggery ezisebenza ngayo ezinkingeni zokhuseleko lwezwe.
Ukuthuthukisa Inhlalakahle Evamile
Iphuzu elivamile lezenhlala - kahle liye laba yindaba yempikiswano enkulu kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika. Inikeza ukuthethelelwa komthetho ngokomthetho kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezizuzisa umphakathi wonke, kusukela kwimisebenzi yezezisekelo kuya ezimisweni zomshuwalense wezenhlalo. Lenjongo ikhuthaza izingxoxo zomphakathi ngendima efanele kahulumeni ekusingatheni izidingo zobumpofu, ezokwelapha, ezemfundo, nezinye izidingo zomphakathi. Imema abafundi ukuba bacabangele ukuthi yini ewubuhle obuvamile emphakathini ohlukene nongowodwa.
Khusela Izibusiso Zenkululeko
Inkululeko iyinhloso ephethe yoMthetho-sisekelo, futhi isaziso sikwenza kucace ukuthi kumelwe igcinelwe kokubili isizukulwane samanje nalabo abazayo. Lamazwi abheke phambili agcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza inkululeko kumaMelika azayo. Emfundweni yomphakathi, lenjongo igcizelela isimo sokwakheka kobuzwe bentando yeningi phakathi kwesizukulwane. Abafundi bafunda ukuthi amalungelo abo atholakala ngokulwa futhi kumelwe avikelwe futhi adluliselwe phambili.
Isiqalo Semfundo Yesibalo
Imfundo ye-pic iyinqubo lapho izakhamuzi zizuza ulwazi, amakhono, kanye nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni kwentando yeningi. I-Pregget isebenza njengesiqalo esifanelekile salenqubo ngoba isusa izinjongo eziyinhloko zikahulumeni zibe indinyana eyodwa, ekhumbulekayo. Lapho abafundi beqala ukusungula, abamane nje bafunde amaqiniso angokomlando; babhekene nemibuzo eyisisekelo ngenjongo yokubusa nendima yabo ekuyilolongeni.
Ngokwe- Isibambo semfundo ye-Cvic , ukufunda okuphumelelayo komphakathi kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezincwadi zesisekelo, ikhono lokuhlaziya izindaba zomphakathi, nokuthambekela kokuhlanganyela ngokunenzuzo ezizinqubo zentando yeningi. I-Preggeing isekela yonke lemigomo emithathu. Inikeza inkulumo ecacile yezimiso zentando yeningi, ikhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwendlela lezozimiso ezifezeka ngayo, futhi ikhuthaza ukuba isakhamuzi esikhuthele ekuphishekeleni okuhle.
Ukufundisa Isiqalo Ezikoleni Eziyinhloko Nezamuva
Emakilasini aqalayo, iGama livame ukufundiswa ngokukhumbula nangokuphindaphinda. Abafundi bafunda amagama futhi bawagcine ngekhanda njengendlela yokuhamba. Nakuba ukukhumbula kuyinto efanelekile, ukufunda okujulile kwenzeka lapho abafundi becelwa ukuba bachaze ukuthi ibinzana ngalinye lisho ukuthini ngamazwi abo futhi bawahlanganise nokuphila kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha angacela abafundi ukuba bachaze "ubulungisa" ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu bese bexoxa ngendlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu ulungile.
Kukho i-Fregg ingasebenza njenge-lens yokuhlola izihloko zomlando nezesikhathi samanje. Abafundi bangahlola indlela imigomo eyisithupha eye yachazwa ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi bahlole ukuthi izimiso zamanje zivumelana yini nezinhloso zabakhi baleyo fomu. Le ndlela yokuhlola ingakhuthaza ukucabanga okugxekayo futhi isize abafundi ukuba babheke uMthetho-sisekelo njengencwadi ephilayo eyaqhubeka iguqula ukuphila kwaseMelika.
Imisebenzi yokufunda enkonzo inikeza enye indlela enamandla yokuhlanganisa isiqalo semfundo yomphakathi. Uma abafundi behlanganyela emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa umphakathi, basebenzisa izimiso zesiqalo. basiza ekusunguleni umphakathi ophelele ngokwengeziwe, bamise ubulungisa, bathuthukise inhlalakahle evamile, futhi bavikele izibusiso zenkululeko yabo nomakhelwane babo.
Isiqalo Nemfundo Ephakeme
Ekholijini naseyunivesithi, i-Preggy ifundwa ngesayensi yezombangazwe, umlando, umthetho, nezifundo zefilosofi. Izazi zihlaziya ulimi lwazo, umongo womlando, kanye nokubaluleka okuhlala njalo. Kodwa futhi i-Preggry inezinhlelo ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwekilasi. Izingxoxo eziphathelene nenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukubusa kwabafundi, nezimiso zezinhlangano ngokuvamile zisekela izindinganiso ezivezwe esanduleleni. Abafundi abaye bafaka lezi zimiso bakulungele kangcono ukungenela engxoxweni enengqondo futhi banikele emiphakathini yabo yamakolishi.
Izinhlelo zobungane namathuba okufunda aphambili zingaqinisa izifundo ze-Pregagery. Abafundi abasebenza ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, ezinhlanganweni ezingazuzisi, noma emaqenjini okuphatha izigebengu bazuza okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi wokwakha isibopho esiphelele kakhulu nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle evamile.
Okwenza Indaba Yesiqalo Semfundo Yanamuhla
Indaba yokungena kwemfundo yomphakathi yangaleso sikhathi ayinakuchazwa ngokweqile.
Ukucwaninga okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne i-Democracy Fund kubonisa ukuthi imfundo yomphakathi ihlobene namazinga aphakeme esivumelwano sezombangazwe, ukubekezelela imibono ehlukene, kanye nokuthemba okwengeziwe ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi. I-Pregagge ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukusekela lemiphumela ngoba igcizelela imigomo ehlangene futhi ihlanganyela imithwalo yemfanelo. Uma abafundi beqonda ukuthi uhulumeni ukhona ukuze ukhonze inhlalakahle evamile futhi uvikele inkululeko yabo bonke, bathambekele kakhulu ekubhekeni izakhamuzi njengendima enenjongo nevuzayo.
Ukubhekana Nezinselele Zangesikhathi Esidlule Ngesandulela
I-Pregagery inikeza isisekelo sokusingatha izinselele eziningi ezibhekene nentando yeningi yaseMelika namuhla. Izimpikiswano eziphathelene nokungalingani kwezomnotho zingafinyelelwa nge-lens yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle evamile. Izimpikiswano eziphathelene namalungelo okuvota nokwethembeka kokhetho zihlangene nenhloso yokuvikela inkululeko. Izingxoxo ngokuphepha kwesizwe nesimiso sokufuduka zingasekelwa ekuzimiseleni ukunikeza isivikelo esifanayo kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ubulungisa nenhlalo.
Othisha bangasebenzisa isiqalo ekuhleleni izimpikiswano zasekilasini. Abafundi bangacelwa ukuba bathathe izindima zabahleli, izakhamuzi, noma izikhulu zomphakathi baphikisane noma baphikisa izinqubo ezithile ezisekelwe ekuqhubekiseni phambili izinjongo ezibekwe ekuhlolweni kwesiqalo. Loluhlobo lwemfundo ekhuthele lusiza abafundi ukuba bathuthukise izimiso zoMthetho-sisekelo futhi bathuthukise amakhono adingekayo ukuze babe nentando yeningi.
Isiqalo Nendawo Yezakhamuzi Ezingamanani
Kulelikhulu lama-21, imfundo yomphakathi kumelwe ibhekisele futhi kumanani. Izimiso zendabuko zisebenza kakhulu emiphakathini ye-Intanethi njengakubantu abangokwenyama. Abafundi bangahlola ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukwakha inyunyana ephelele kakhulu ezindaweni zezokuxhumana, ukumisa ubulungisa kuma-tecture, futhi baqinisekise ukuzola kwasekhaya enkulumweni ye-inthanethi. Imfundo yezeziqu zobuhlanga ehlanganisa i-Dagnome isiza intsha ukuba iqonde ukuthi imithwalo yemfanelo efanayo esebenza ngokuxhumana nomphakathi isebenza kuyi-inthane.
Abafundisi be-Civic bafaka ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ezifundweni zabo zesikole. I-Preggle ingasebenza njengensinga yokuhlola izinga lokwaziswa, ukulingana kwamapulatifomu, nempilo yezinkulumo zentando yeningi kuyi-inthanethi. Abafundi abaqonda izinjongo zikahulumeni bahlonyiselwe kangcono ukuqondisa ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-inthanethi futhi bahlanganyele ngendlela eyakhayo ekuphileni komphakathi.
Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokufundisa Isiqalo Semfundo Yesibhamu
Imfundo ephumelelayo yomphakathi idinga okungaphezu kwezifundo nezincwadi.
Ukuhlaziya Umthombo Oyinhloko
Cela abafundi ukuba bafunde isiqalo esihambisana neminye imithombo eyinhloko yakudala, njenge Federalist Papers, izingeniso zomthetho-sisekelo, kanye nezincwadi zomuntu siqu zabakhiqizi. Ukuhlola okuhambisanayo kusiza abafundi ukuba babone ukuthi yini eyahlukanisayo ngoMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. nokuthi abadwebi bezinto eziza kuqala bazibonakalisa kanjani izinselele zesikhathi sabo. Lendlela futhi yakha amakhono abucayi okufunda nokucabanga komlando.
Ukuxhumana kwamanje
Izihloko zezindaba noma izenzakalo zamuva ezibonisa injongo ngayinye kweziyisithupha ezisendabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba ngesivumelwano esisha sezesisekelo ingahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yeningi, kuyilapho umbiko wesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ungase uhlotshaniswe nokumisa ubulungisa. Lokhu kusiza abafundi ukuba babone ukuthi isiqalo asisona isigcino sesikhathi esidlule kodwa incwadi ephilayo eyaqhubeka ibumba inkambiso nempikiswano yaseMelika.
Inhlobo edalayo
Cela abafundi ukuba babhale futhi isaziso esisemqoka ngamazwi abo noma benze umfanekiso wezinjongo zabo eziyisithupha.
Ukubuzana Komphakathi
Zingaxoxa nezikhulu zendawo, zibe khona emihlanganweni yasobala, noma zihlanganyele ngezinhlangano ezisebenza ngobulungisa, ngenhlalakahle, noma ngezindaba zokuvikela. Lokhu kufunda okuyiqiniso kusiza abafundi ukuba baxhumane nezimiso zeSingeniso sezwe langempela futhi bazibheke njengabahlanganyeli abakhuthele ekuphileni kwentando yeningi.
Ukushaya kolwazi oluzimele
Hlela izingxoxo ezihlelwe kahle lapho abafundi behloma khona ngencazelo nohlelo lwezinhloso zendatshana. inikeza imithombo yezingxoxo zesikole ezizuzisayo ezimayelana nempikiswano. Ingxoxo enika abafundi ithuba lokuthuthukisa amakhono okulalela, ukubuza, nokucabanga okubalulekile ekwakheni isigaba sobukhombhi.
Isiphetho: Amandla Ahlala Njalo Esandulela Semfundo Yesibhakabhakeni
Isiqalo somthetho-sisekelo we-United States singaphezu kwendaba engokomlando; incwadi ephilayo eyaqhubeka ichaza izinjongo zikahulumeni waseMelika nemithwalo yemfanelo yezakhamuzi zaseMelika. Izinhloso zayo eziyisithupha zinikeza uhlelo lokuhlola isimiso somphakathi, ukuqonda amalungelo nemisebenzi yomphakathi, kanye nokuhlanganyela emsebenzini wokwakha umphakathi ongcono. Kubafundisi bezenhlalakahle, isiqalo sinikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile lokufundisa izimiso zentando yeningi nezokushukumisa abafundi ukuba babe abakhuthele, abanolwazi, nezakhamuzi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo.
Njengoba isizwe sibhekene nezinselele ezintsha namathuba, i - Pregary isikhumbuza ukuthi umsebenzi wokwakha ukuhlangana okuphelele kakhulu uyaqhubeka. Isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe sichaze incazelo yaso futhi sisebenzise izimiso zaso ezimweni zaso. Ngokufaka isiqalo semfundo yomphakathi, sihlomisa abafundi ngolwazi, amakhono, kanye nezimo ezidinga ukuhlanganyela kulomsebenzi obalulekile. Amazwi e - Pregaget akuwona nje amagama okuthi bawacuphe ngekhanda; asho ukuthi kumelwe bathathe isinyathelo esithinta ngamandla namuhla njengoba kwenza ngo - 1787.
Ekugcineni, i-Pregagery isifundisa ukuthi idemokrasi ayiwona umdlalo obonwayo. Kudinga ukuba izakhamuzi eziwaqondayo amalungelo azo, ezifeza imithwalo yazo yemfanelo, futhi zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zizuze inzuzo eyodwa. Imfundo ye-COBIC egxile ekuhlolweni kwe-Pregary isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izibusiso zenkululeko ziyotholwa thina nezizukulwane zethu, njengoba babehlosile.