ISichibiyelo Sokuqala kuMthetho-sisekelo we-United States siyisisekelo senkululeko yaseMelika, isivikelo senkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuvivinya umzimba okungokwenkolo, ukunyathelisa inkululeko, ukuhlangana nelungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni. Ngo-1791, kwabekwa njengengxenye yeBill of Rights, amazwi ayo angu-45 aguqula umphakathi waseMelika kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi elinye ilungiselelo lomthetho-sisekelo. Kubafundisi, abafundi, nezakhamuzi ezibophele isibopho, ukuqonda ubukhulu obugcwele besivikelo nemingcele yeSimemezelo sokuqala kudingekile ezimpikiswaneni zanamuhla zenkulumo, izinkolelo, nendima efanelekile kahulumeni.

Lokhu kuhlaziya okunwetshiwe kuhlola izisekelo ezingokomlando zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala, ukusungulwa kwenkululeko yokukhuluma nenkululeko engokwenkolo ngenkantolo Ephakeme, nezinselele zanamuhla eziqhubeka zivivinya imingcele yalamalungelo ayisisekelo.

Isisekelo Esingokomlando SeSichibiyelo Sokuqala

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala savela esikhathini esithile esingokomlando. Abenzi bamakoloni baseMelika bazibonela mathupha izingozi zenkolo encishiswe uhulumeni nokucindezelwa kokwahlukana. Abaningi babebalekele ushushiso olungokwenkolo eYurophu, kodwa bathola ukuthi amanye amakoloni alondoloza amasonto amisiwe futhi ajezisa izinkolelo. [Valginia Signia for Religious Free [, eyabunjwa uThomas Jefferson ngo17777] futhi yadlula ngo1786, yanikeza isibonelo sokuhlukanisa isonto futhi yalahla izinkolelo zeSimendo Zokuqala.

Ngokufanayo, neSedition Acts of 1798, yadlula ngemva kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, yabonisa ukuthi isivikelo sokukhuluma sidinga ukuzivikela okuqaphile. Lokhu kwenza uhulumeni agxekwe, kuholele ekumangalelweni abahleli bamaphephandaba namalungu eqembu eliphikisayo. Ukumelana komphakathi nalemithetho kwasiza ekumiseni ukuveza inkolelo yokuthi iSiphendulo Sokuqala sivikela ukugxekwa okuqinile kwezikhulu zomphakathi. /a Isimiso kamuva esigunyazwe emfundisweni ePhakath .

UJames Madison, umlobi oyinhloko weBill of Rights, waqonda ukuthi isivikelo esibhaliwe sodwa sasingeke siqinisekise inkululeko. Wagomela ngokuthi izakhamuzi ezinolwazi nezindaba ezikhululekile zaziyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta amandla kahulumeni. Lombono weSichibiyelo Sokuqala njengesici esiwumbuso wentando yeningi, hhayi nje uhlu lwamalungelo abantu ngabanye, uye wakwazi ukuchazwa kwawo amakhulu eminyaka angaphezu kwambili.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma: Izimiso zekhorathi kanye nezinhlelo zanamuhla

Inkulumo ekhululekile yokukhuluma yeSichibiyelo sokuqala inikeza ukuthi "Icala aliyikuvimbela umthetho ovala inkululeko yokukhuluma." Lomyalo obonakala uphelele awukaze uchazwe ngokoqobo. Kunalokho, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi lomthetho elihlukanisa phakathi kwezinkulumo ezivikelweyo nezingalingani nezindlela zenkulumo ezithola isivikelo esincane noma ezingavikeli nhlobo.

Izingxenye Zenkulumo Ezingavikelwa Futhi Ezingavikelwa Kancane

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaveza izigaba eziningana zenkulumo ezingavikeli iSichibiyelo Sokuqala:

  • Ukuhloniphiswa kwesenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze: ukukhuluma okuqondiswe ekuvuseleleni umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni oseduze ongase ukhiqize isenzo esinjalo. Lendinganiso, emiswe Brandenburg v. Ohio[ [1969] [1969]], yathatha indawo yengozi yokuqala ekhona" nokuhlolwa okukhulu okunganikeza isivikelo esikhulu sesenzo esingekho emthethweni uma nje ingabizelanga ukuziphatha okungavunyelwe umthetho.
  • Izinsongo zeqiniso:[ izinkulumo lapho isikhulumi sihlose ukuveza khona inhloso engathi sína yokwenza isenzo sobudlova obungekho emthethweni kumuntu othile noma iqembu elithile. INkantolo iye yahlukanisa izinsongo zeqiniso nehaba lezombangazwe kanye nenkulumo evikelekile.
  • [[FLT: 0] amagama ahlabayo: Ukuthukwa komuntu siqu okuqondiswe kumuntu okungenzeka kuvuselele ukusabela kobudlova. Lo mkhakha uye wancishwa kakhulu kusukela ekuqapheleni kwawo Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire [192] futhi awuvamile ukusebenza namuhla.
  • Impahla ekhanga izifiso eziphambili, ibonisa ukuziphatha kobulili ngendlela ephambene, futhi ayinawo amandla angathi sína obuciko, ezombangazwe, noma esayensi. Ukuhlolwa okuthathu [ku Miller v. California yenza kube nzima ukuthola izinkolelo ezingcolileyo.
  • Ukudambisa:[ izinkulumo ezingamanga zokuthi kulimaza idumela. Inkantolo iye yanezela ezinye isivikelo ngenkulumo ngemifanekiso yomphakathi, idinga ubufakazi "bobuqotho" kuNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan [1964]).
  • Inkulumo eyisikhangiso: ukukhangisa nokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano kuthathwa ukucusumbula okuphakathi kunokucubungula ngokunembe kakhulu kwenkulumo yezombangazwe. Uhulumeni angalawula inkulumo yezentengiselwano yamanga noma edukisayo futhi angavimbela inkulumo yezentengiselwano eyiqiniso uma inesithakazelo esiqinile futhi umthetho uqhubekisela phambili ngokuqondile lesosithakazelo.
  • Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zabantwana: izithombe ezibonisa izingane ezihileleke ekuziphatheni okuxekethile kobulili azitholi sivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala, ngisho noma zingayifinyeleli incazelo engokomthetho yenhlamba.

Inselele yezinkantolo nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo isebenzisa lezi zigaba ezivumelana nezimo ezintsha, ikakhulukazi enkathini yezibalo.

Ukukhuluma Ngokukhululeka Enkathini Yezinombolo

Ukuphakama kwe-inthanethi nemithombo yezindaba kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngezinga lesivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Izindawo zobumboni ezisemthethweni njengezindawo zomphakathi. Uma abantu bevalelwe kuma-akhawunti ezenhlalo ezikhulu zikahulumeni, noma uma amapulatifomu ngokwawo equkethe okusesilinganisweni, kuphakama imibuzo yokuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala siyasebenza yini. INkantolo Ephakeme ebanjelwe Packingham v. [Nyakatho Carolina [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [2017]) amapulatifomu ezezomphakathi angawomphakathi wezentengiselwano yeSiphendulo sokuqala, ishaya umthetho owenqabela iziboshwa ubulili obusemthethweni ekungeneni kwezezindaba zomphakathi. Nokho, iNkanto iqaphele ukuthi amapulatimendezi womphakathi awawona asendaweni ephakathi yomphakathi futhi angabona kahle.

Incazelo nenkulumo engamanga. Isichibiyeli sokuqala sivame ukuvikela inkulumo engamanga, ngaphandle kokushintshwa, ukukhwabanisa, kanye nezinkulumo ezingamanga ezibangela umonakalo othile. Lokhu kuvikela kudlulela emangeni ezombangazwe, kudala umbango wemizamo yokulwa nokwaziswa. INkantolo ibinqikaza ukudala inkulumo engamanga entsha, igcizelela ukuthi ikhambi lenkulumo engcolile iyinkulumo enzima, hhayi ukucushwa nguhulumeni.

Ukulinganisela kokwandiswa nokuqukethwe. Uhlelo lokusebenzisa i-algorith ukutusa nokukhuluma okulinganiselayo luphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi imisebenzi enjalo ihlanganisa izahlulelo zomhleli ezivikelwe noma ukuziphatha okungalawulwa. Amacala asebenza ezinkantolo, kuhlanganise [[FLT:] [FLT]] Moody v. Netchoice kanye [FLT] ne-Paxton. Netchoce[FLT]. NethoCIce[, anganikeza isiqondiso esisezingeni okushoyo.

Inkululeko Yenkolo: Ukumiswa Nokuzivivinya Okukhululekile KukaClaus

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala siqukethe izigaba ezimbili zenkolo ezisekela ukungezwani okunenzuzo: iSivumelwano sikaClaus, esivimbela uhulumeni ekumiseni noma ekuthandeni inkolo, ne - Free Expressice Claus, evikela amalungelo abantu okusebenzisa ukholo lwabo. Ndawonye, lezizigijimi zifuna ukuvikela inkululeko engokwenkolo kuyilapho zivimbela uhulumeni ukuba uphathwe yizinhlangano zenkolo.

Ukumiswa KukaClaus

ISivumelwano sika-Claus sinikeza ukuthi "Ikhorati ayisoze yenza mthetho mayelana nokumiswa kwenkolo." Leli lungiselelo liye lachazwa njengelithi ukungathathi hlangothi kukahulumeni enkolweni. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula ukuhlola okuningana ukuze ihlole izinselele zokumiswa kuka-Claus:

  • Ukuhlolwa kweLemon: Kusukela ku Limon v. Kurtzman (1971], lokhu kuhlola okuthathu kubuza ukuthi isenzo sikahulumeni sinenjongo yezwe, sinemiphumela eyinhloko engaqhubeki futhi enganqandeli inkolo, futhi igwema uhulumeni ophakeme ophazanyiswayo nenkolo. Nakuba kungakaze kubekwe umthetho owenziwe ngemithetho, ukuhlolwa kweLemon kuye kwagxekwa futhi kwalungiswa ezimweni ezilandelayo.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa: kwaveliswa uMahluleli Sandra Day O'Connor, lokhu kuhlola kubuza ukuthi ingqapheli enengqondo ingabheka isenzo sikahulumeni njengokusekela inkolo. Iye yasetshenziswa ezimweni ezihilela izimpawu zenkolo embonini yomphakathi, njengathi Lynch v. Donelly [19984] kanye [FLT] ne-AK:4] ye-ACULT v. ACULT[F:] (19989).
  • Uvivinyo lokuphoqelela: [[FLT]] Lise v. Weisman [1992], iNkantolo yaphetha ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke aphoqe abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ezinkonzweni zenkolo, ikakhulukazi emongweni wemikhosi yokuthweswa iziqu esikoleni.
  • Umlando nokuhlolwa kwesiko: Izenzakalo zamuva kakhulu, ezinjenge yeGreece v. Galloway (2014 kanye [[FLT]]] Kanye [[4]] v. ISithilithi saseSikoleni [2022]], iye yabheka emikhubeni nasemasikweni angokomlando ukuze inqume ukuthi izindawo ezithile zikahulumeni zokuhlala zenkolo ziphula u-Claus.

Ukwakhiwa kuka-Claus kuye kwaba yisici esiyinhloko sempikiswano mayelana nomthandazo wesikole , ukubonakaliswa kwezenkolo empahleni yomphakathi [, ukuxhasa kwezinhlangano zenkolo [, kanye iziqondiso ezingokwenkolo ezikoleni zomphakathi[[. Indlela yeNkantolo ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nezinqumo zamuva nje zithambekele ekunikezeni indawo engokwezenkolo ezindaweni zomphakathi kuyilapho kugcinwa umthetho ogunyaza ukugunyazwa okungokomthetho kwenkolo.

Ukuzivivinya Ngokukhululeka KukaClaus

I-Free Exenice Claus ivikela amalungelo abantu okubambelela ezinkolelweni ezingokwenkolo nokuhlanganyela emikhubeni engokwenkolo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa uhulumeni. Nokho, isilinganiso salesivikelo siye saba yisihloko senkulumo ephawulekayo nentuthuko yemfundiso.

Belieff nokuziphatha. Inkantolo Ephakeme iye yahlukanisa phakathi kwezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo, ezithola isivikelo esiphelele, nokuziphatha okushukunyiswa ngokwenkolo, okungase kuthonywe imithetho engathathi hlangothi, ngokuvamile esetshenziswayo. [] Eyayayayamentev. Smith (1990), iNkantolo ikholelwa ukuthi i-Free Expressive Clauslease ayibavumeli abantu ukuba bathobele imithetho eqinile engokomthetho engokomthetho engokomthetho engokomthetho, ngisho nalapho leyo mithetho ithwesa imikhuba engokwenkolo. Lesinqumo sabangela ukugxekwa kakhulu nokuholelwa embhalweni we-partment (FLDRRA) [FLD] [FF5] [9] Imithetho eqinile yenkolo iphinde iphinde ibekwe.

RFRA futhi isifundazwe iRFRAs. RFRA] inqabela uhulumeni kahulumeni ukuba athathe ukuvivinya inkolo kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba ibonisa isithakazelo esiphoqelelayo futhi isebenzise izindlela ezivimbela kakhulu zokufinyelela lesosithakazelo. Amazwe amaningi adlulise imithetho efanayo, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-RFRAS, esebenza kuhulumeni wendawo. Lemithetho iye yaba esemqoka ekuxabaneni [[FLT:]] imvume yokukhokha izicelo ezithiwe , [[FLT]], [FLT:]] i-sandrome-exters shorts izinkonzo zomshado [[FLT], futhi [FLT] izinkonzo zomshado] ezihlukene ezithiwe yi-'umthetho emelene nemithetho elwayo-diactdiact.[FFFF]

Ukungavunyelwe kwenkolo nendawo yokuhlala. Ukungezwani phakathi kwenkululeko engokwenkolo kanye nezinye izithakazelo zikahulumeni ezibalulekile, njengokungaguquguquki nempilo yomphakathi, kuye kwaveza ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo. Icala elinjengo AmaSigqebhele] amaSikiporton v. Colorado Common Rights Common Commission[[FLT] [208] [208] [[FLT]] ne[FLT] Filton v. Idolobha lasePhiladelphia[[FLT:] [2021] libonisa ubunkimbi bezeluleko lwamalungelo enkolo ngokumelene namalungelo eLGBTQ+ abantu ngabanye ukuphatha. Lezi zimo ezivame ukuguqula noma uhulumeni uveza ubuthano obubonisa ubuthane nenkolo noma ubunye.

Icala Lenkantolo Ephakeme Ngokukhuluma Nenkolo

Ukuqonda iSichibiyelo Sokuqala kudinga ukujwayelana namacala ayinhloko aye athonya indlela esichazwa ngayo.

Icala Elikhululekile Lokukhuluma

  • Scheck v. United States [1919]: kwamiswa ukuhlolwa "kwesici esisobala nengozi yamanje", kamuva okushiyiwe, okwavumela ukuqulwa kwenkulumo emelene nempi phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. UMahluleli u-Over Wendell Holmes wasungula umfanekiso odumile "ukumemeza ngokukhohlisa emlilweni" ukufanekisa inkulumo engalondekile.
  • Brandenburg v.O. [1969]: Ithathela uvivinyo olucacile nolukhona lwengozi indinganiso yesenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze, inikeza isivikelo esiqinile ekuthatheni isinyathelo esingekho emthethweni. Lelicala liseyisibonelo esilawula ukusho.
  • New York Times Co.v Sullivan (1964): Izikhulu zomphakathi ezazifuna ukumangalelwa ukuze zifakazele "inzondo engokoqobo" ukwazi ukuqamba amanga noma ukungalinaki iqiniso. Lesisinqumo sadala indawo yokuphefumula yokugxeka izikhulu zomphakathi futhi sandiswa ezibalweni zomphakathi.
  • .I-Des Moines Independent School School Community [1969]: Yaqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi aba "bewachithi amalungelo abo angokomthetho enkululeko yokukhuluma noma yokukhuluma esangweni lesikole." INkantolo yathi izikole zingavimbela kuphela ukukhuluma kwabafundi okuphazamisa imisebenzi yesikole ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo noma ukuhlasela amalungelo abanye.
  • I-CIITIZEN [U-United v.FEC (2010): Iqaphela ukuthi ukuxhasa kwezezimali kwezeziteshi zezindaba ezizimele zezombangazwe akunakulinganiselwa ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, iphatha izinhlangano njengezikhulumi ezinamalungelo okukhuluma. Lesisinqumo sisalokhu siphikisana futhi siye saba indaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo yezombangazwe.

Icala Lenkolo

  • Engel v. Vitale (1962): Umthandazo owehliswayo kahulumeni ezikoleni zomphakathi njengokwephula u-Claus omisiwe. INkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi ngisho nomthandazo wokuzithandela, ongewona wenkolo owaqanjwa izikhulu zikahulumeni uhlanganisa ukumiswa kwenkolo.
  • I-Employment Division v. Smith (1990]): Ithathwa njengemithetho engathathi hlangothi, ngokuvamile esebenzayo ayingqubuzani nohlelo lwenkolo olukhululekile ngisho nalapho ithwesa imisebenzi engokwenkolo. Lesinqumo senqaba ukuhlola kokulinganisela kwakuqala [ . Verner [1963]] emongweni eminingi.
  • Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014: I-RFRA esetshenziswayo ivumela ukuba izinhlangano ezingenisa inzuzo zivume ukuthi zikhululekile ngokwenkolo kumthetho we-Affordcable Care Act wokuvimbela inzalo. Isinqumo saqaphela ukuthi izinhlangano zingasebenzisa inkolo ngaphansi kwe-RFRA.
  • [I-Lennedy v. Bremeton School District [202]): Washo ukuthi umthandazo wasese womqeqeshi webhola likanobhutshuzwayo wesikole phakathi nendawo ngemva kwemidlalo awuzange uphazamise ukumiswa kuka-Claus, uphambanisa ingxenye yokuhlolwa kweLemon futhi ugcizelela ukuthi u-Claus wokwenziwa akumelwe achazwe njengonobutha enkolweni.

Izimpikiswano Zanamuhla Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala siyaqhubeka sibangela impikiswano enkulu njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinguquko zezenhlalo kuvivinya imingcele yemfundiso emisiwe.

Ukushintsha Indlela Yokulungisa Imithombo Yezindaba Nezimo Zomphakathi

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezenhlalo zezenhlalo nezimiso zeSichibiyelo somphakathi sesiHlalo sesiHlanzi buye baba yindaba eyinhloko yesimiso sezimiso. Amazwe aye azama ukulawula indlela amapulatifomu asesilinganisweni, aphikisa ngokuthi amapulatifomu asebenza njengeziteshi zomphakathi zanamuhla kufanele abekwe ngaphansi kwemithetho elawula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Platforms ibala ukuthi inamalungelo oQuqulu Lokuqala Lwezinziso ukwenza izinqumo zokuhlela ngalokho okumelwe kuthwalwe. Izinqumo zeNkantolo zikhona [FLT:] [FLT]]. Netchoicev:1] ne Paxton] ne[NTC] Pactive [5c]

Inkululeko Engokwenkolo Nomthetho Wokumelana Nenkolo

Ukucindezela phakathi kokukhulula okungokwenkolo kanye nokungaphikisi kuyaqhubeka kuveza ukuphikiswana. Izindaba ezihilela umshado oxubile , ukuthambekela kwamalungelo [, futhi izinqumo zezenkolo ziphakamisa imibuzo enzima ngokuphathelene nalapho inqubo yenkolo kufanele inikeze ezinye izithakazelo ezibalulekile. Izinqumo zamuva zeNkanto esikisela ukuthambekela ekwandiseni indawo yokuphumula, kodwa imingcele eqondile isele ikhona.

Inkululeko Yasemkhakheni Nenkulumo

Amayunivesithi omphakathi abhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo zokulinganisela ukuveza imizwa ekhululekile nokukhathazeka ngokuphathwa kabi, ukuthunjwa, nokuphepha emakolishi. Isichibiyeli sokuqala sivame ukuvikela inkulumo ephikisayo nenendeleyo emayunivesithi omphakathi, kodwa amayunivesithi angasebenzisa isikhathi esilinganiselwe, indawo, nemithetho evimbela indlela futhi angavimbela ukuziphatha okuhlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa noma izinsongo zeqiniso. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezizimiso kuyaqhubeka nokukhipha izixwayiso eziwumthetho.

Ukungaqondi Nentando Yeningi

Imizamo yokulwisana nokwaziswa okungamanga, ikakhulukazi ngokhetho nempilo yomphakathi, iye yaphakamisa ukukhathazeka kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezicindezela amapulatifomu ukuba asuse izingozi zokuncishiswa kweSichibiyelo sokuqala uma ukucindezela kwazo kufana nokuphoqelelwa kunokuba kunxenxe. Izinqumo zobuteshi ezikuqukethe ngokulinganisela ngokuvamile azikho ngaphansi kwemingcele yokuzinziswa kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, kodwa umthetho ofuna amapulatifomu ukuze athwale noma achaze izinqumo zawo zokulinganisela ungaphakamisa imibuzo engokomthetho-mthetho.

Ukuzithoba Okuhlala Njalo KweSichibiyelo Sokuqala

Isivikelo seSichibiyelo sokuqala senkululeko yokukhuluma nenkululeko engokwenkolo sisabalulekile namuhla njengango-1791. Ushintsho oluqondile lwezimpikiswano, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zihlala zikhona: lowo hulumeni akufanele ulawule lokho abantu abakushoyo noma abakukholelwayo, nokuthi umphakathi ohlukene kumelwe uthole izindlela zokusingatha ukungezwani okukhulu ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekucubungulweni noma ekuphoqelweni.

Kubafundisi, ukufundisa iSichibiyelo sokuqala kusho ukusiza abafundi ukuba baqonde ukuthi isivikelo saso sikhulu kangakanani futhi kunezithiyo ezingokomthetho eziye zaziwa izinkantolo. Kusho ukuhileleka enkulumweni ephikisanayo kunokuyicindezela, futhi ukuhlonipha ukungezwani okungokwenkolo kuyilapho belondoloza ukungathathi hlangothi kukahulumeni. Abafundi abaqonda umlando weSichibiyelo sokuqala nomthetho bakulungele kangcono ukuhlanganyela ekuzifuneni kobudemokhrasi nokuvikela inkululeko ekwenza kube nokwenzeka.

Inqubo eqhubekayo yokuchaza nokusebenzisa iSichibiyelo Sokuqala isebenza kithi sonke. Izinkantolo zinikeza uhlelo lwezimfundiso, kodwa izakhamuzi nemiphakathi inikeza iSichibiyelo Sokuqala incazelo yaso ngokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda lelilungelo lomthetho - sisekelo akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo kodwa umthwalo womphakathi, okuhlomisela isizukulwane ngasinye ukuba sisekele futhi sivikele inkululeko echaza ukuhlola kwaseMelika.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo, cabangela imithombo ehlola i- yeSikhungo soMthetho-sisekelo sesizwe, Cornell Legional Information Institute, kanye ne iproject eChicago-Kent College of Law , enikeza ukuhlaziywa komthetho nemisebenzi yemfundo eHlaziyayo yokuqala yeSigqi.