Izigidi zemikhaya, isifunda sesikole sendawo sinamandla anamandla kakhulu alolonga umntwana i’ ifundisa, kodwa ivame ukuhlala iyibhokisi elimnyama. Ukuqonda indlela isifunda sesikole sakho esisebenza ngayo, lapho imali yaso ivela khona, nendlela ongathonya ngayo izinqumo zaso kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umfundi ngamunye uthola ithuba elihle lokuphumelela. Lesiqondiso esibanzi siphula izingxenye ezibucayi zesifunda sesikole, kusukela ekubuseni nasekulandiseni komphakathi, ekukuhlomeleni ngolwazi ukuze ube ummeli ofundile nophumelelayo.

Siyini Isigodi Sesikole?

Kusemgangathweni olula, isifunda sesikole sisendaweni ebekwe ngokomthetho enegunya lokuqhuba izikole zomphakathi phakathi kwemingcele yaso. Izifunda zisebenza njengeqembu eliyinhloko lokuqondisa imfundo yomphakathi eyisisekelo nesekhondali e-United States, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokufeza iziqondiso zikahulumeni nemfundo kahulumeni kuyilapho zisabela ezidingweni zendawo. Izifunda eziningi ziyizinhlangano zikahulumeni ezizimele, okusho ukuthi zingafaka izintela, izibopho, futhi zingene ezivumelwaneni. Ezinye, , ezaziwa njengezifundazwe ezizimele, zisebenza njengeminyango yedolobha noma uhulumeni wesifundazwe.

Umqondo wanamuhla wesifunda sesikole wavela ngekhulu le-19 njengoba amazwe ayefuna ukwenza imfundo ilungelelwe futhi eqinisekisa imfundo eyisisekelo yabo bonke abantwana. Namuhla, iNational Center for Education Statistics (MB) ibika ukuthi izifunda zesikole zomphakathi ezingaba ngu - 13 000 ezweni lonke, kusukela ezimisweni ezincane zasemaphandleni ezinesikole esisodwa kuya ezifundeni ezinkulu ezikhonza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabafundi. Ukuqonda isifunda sakho esithile i̱ isakhiwo siyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kwayo.

Umtapo womtholalwazi weSifunda-phambili

Izindawo zesikole zenza imisebenzi eminingi ethinta ngokuqondile ukufunda ekilasini. Nakuba izinga eliqondile lihluka ngokwezwe, izifunda eziningi zinecala lalokhu:

  • [[QLT:0] Ukuhlela nokuhlela umgomo [ ̵ Ukukhipha i-studian ’ umsebenzi wemfundo, ukubona, namasu okuthuthukisa iminyaka eminingi.
  • [ Ukuthuthukisa nokuthatha [ ̵ Ukukhetha izincwadi, izinto zokufundisa, kanye nabaqondisi be-padding arsed bavumelana nezindinganiso zikahulumeni.
  • [ Abaphathi be-Pernonel [#821]; Ukuqasha, ukuqasha, ukuqeqesha, ukuhlola, nokuhlanganisa othisha, abaphathi, kanye nezisebenzi zokusekela.
  • ukuhlahlela nokuphatha kwezezimali ̵ ukuhlanganisa imithombo ezikoleni, ukuphatha i-oll, nokuqinisekisa ukuthobelana kwemali.
  • Izakhiwo kanye nezinto zokuhamba ̵ Ukugcina izakhiwo zesikole, amagceke, nemikhumbi yempi yamabhasi; ukuhlela ukwakhiwa noma ukuvuselelwa.
  • Izinkonzo zabafundi ̵ Ukunikeza imfundo ekhethekile, izinhlelo zabafundi besiNgisi, ukweluleka, ukudla, nezinkonzo zempilo.
  • Abaphathi bamadatha nobika ̵ ukulandelela abafundi ababa khona, amamaki, amamaki okuhlola amanani, nokuthweswa iziqu; ukunikeza imibiko kudinga imibiko ezikhungweni zikahulumeni.

Inqubo ngayinye iqondiswa yizimiso ezidluliswa ibhodi yesikole futhi ibulawe umphathi wesifunda nezisebenzi zasehhovisi elikhulu.

Ukuqonda Imingcele Yesigodi Nendlela Yokubhalisa

Imingcele yezifunda zesikole inquma ukuthi yisiphi isikole somphakathi ingane eyabelwe ukuba ibe kuso. Lemingcele ayiyona eyeyomuntu; isekelwe ezicini ezinjengokuphakama kwenani labantu, izindlela zokuhamba, ukulingana kwemfundo yesikole, kanye nokufakwa komphakathi. Ezifundeni eziningi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni, amabalazwe angayinkimbinkimbi futhi afanelwe ukulinganisela ukubhaliswa noma ukuhlaliswa kwezakhiwo ezintsha.

Izimiso ezilinganiselwe zinemiphumela emikhulu. Imikhaya esezindaweni ezicebile ivame ukuzuza ezisekelweni zentela yempahla ephakeme nasezikoleni ezingcono, kuyilapho lezo ezisezindaweni ezithola imali ephansi zingabhekana namakilasi aminyene, izakhiwo ezigugile, neminikelo ephambili ephansi kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zimiso ezibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhanjiswa kwemikhawulo engakhethiyo. Amazwe amaningi manje anikeza ukukhokha ngokuvulekile [[FLT:] [FLT]] noma [FFFF:N]] izimiso ezivumela abafundi ukuba baye esikoleni ngaphandle komngcele wabo owabelwe, babhekane nokutholakala komkhathi nezimfuneko zokuhamba. Kubazali abacabangela ukuthutha, ukucwaninga imingcele yezindawo nemininingwane yesikole enjenge [[FLT:] [FFFFF] [FFF]]

Indlela Imingcele Emiswa Futhi Ibukezwe Ngayo

Imingcele ivame ukubekwa ibhodi yesikole esekelwe ekutuseni okuvela kubahleli bezifunda namakomiti omphakathi. Le nqubo ihilela:

  • Ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa kwenani labafundi kwamanje nokuhlongozwa
  • Ukushintsha amandla okufunda esikoleni nokutholakala kwezinhlelo
  • Ukucabangela izindlela zokuhamba nezindawo zokuhamba
  • Ukubamba amakhambi omphakathi ukuze kuqoqwe ukwaziswa
  • Ukulinganisela izinhlobonhlobo zemigomo yokuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho

Imingcele ayimi ndawonye; izigodi ziyayivakashela njalo, ikakhulukazi lapho izikole ezintsha zivulwa, kuphakama izinguquko ezinkulu, noma izinselele ezingokomthetho.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ezifundeni Zesikole

Imali exhaswa isikole ingenye yezici eziyinkimbinkimbi neziphikisana kakhulu zemfundo yomphakathi. Izifunda zithembele engxubevangeni yemali yendawo, uhulumeni, nohulumeni, kodwa isilinganiso siyahlukahluka kakhulu kulo lonke izwe. Izwe, ohulumeni bakahulumeni banikeza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu (cishe u-47%), elandelwa yimithombo yendawo (cishe u-45%), nemali kahulumeni ehlanganisa imfuyo esele (cishe engu-8%). Nokho, leli silinganiso singabonakala sihlukile kakhulu emadolobheni acebile asemaphandleni noma asemaphandleni.

Imithombo Eyinhloko Yezimali Iyachazwa

  • Intela yempahla yendawo ̵ Umthombo ophethe wendawo. Ngenxa yokuthi amanani empahla ayahluka kakhulu, imiphakathi ecebile ingakhuphula kakhulu umfundi ngamunye onesilinganiso sentela ephansi kunemiphakathi empofu. Lokhu kuqhuba [ ukungenwa kwemingcele [ phakathi kwezifunda.
  • Izimali zezwe[[#821]; i-United States isebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze yabe usizo, ihlanganisa amanani abafundi, amazinga obumpofu, nezidingo zemfundo ekhethekile. Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa izinhlelo zesisekelo eziqinisekisa isilinganiso esincane ngesilinganiso sephaphu ngalinye, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa amakhambi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
  • Imali enikezwayo ̵ Uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lukahulumeni yisihloko I, esinikeza izimali zokusekela izikole ezisiza abafundi abahlawulwa abaphansi kakhulu. Ezinye izimali zikahulumeni zisekela imfundo ekhethekile (IA), abafundi bamaNgisi, kanye nezifundo zesikole.
  • Ezinye izimali zendawo ̵ izilinganiso zesibopho nezinkokhiso ezigunyazwe ngabavoti emikhakheni ethile yenhloko- dolobha (izikole ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha) noma izidingo zokusebenza. Izigodi eziningi ziphakamisa imali ngemali, izintela zokuqasha izakhiwo, neminikelo yangasese.

I Wonke umFundi Wempumelelo Act (ESSA) ifuna izifunda ukuba zibike izindleko zesikole ngasinye, zinikeze ukuba sobala okungakaze kubonwe. Abazali nabasekeli kufanele bahlaziye lezizibalo ukuze baqaphele izilinganiso ezingekho ngokomthetho futhi bagcine abaholi bezwe belandisa.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yebhodi Lesikole Nokubusa

Ibhodi lesikole iyindikimba ebusayo yesifunda sesikole, ekhethwa abavoti bendawo (noma kwezinye izimo) ukuba bamelele umphakathi i̱ izithakazelo. Amabhodi amisa uhlelo, avumela uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali, aqasha futhi anikeze ububonisi. Amabhodi asebenzayo asebenza njengeqembu elihlangene eligxile ekufezekeni kwabafundi, kuyilapho amabhodi okungahleleki angavimbela intuthuko ekulweni noma ekulweni nemishini emincane.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko Yebhodi Yesikole

  • Ukumisa i - ’ ukubona, ukuthunywa, nezinto eziza kuqala
  • Ukusebenzisa imali yonyaka nokuqondisa ukusebenza kwezimali
  • Izifundo ezizulazulayo, izinto zokufundisa, nezici eziyisisekelo zokuhlola
  • Iqembu elibambisanayo lixoxa ngezivumelwano nezinyunyana zezisebenzi (lapho zifanele)
  • Ukumisa izimiso eziphathelene nokuyala abafundi, ukuba khona nokulingana
  • Ukuhlanganyela umphakathi ngemihlangano yeningi nangokuphuma ngaphandle
  • Ukuhlupha umphathi nokulandisa ngomholi wesigodi

Imihlangano yebhodi yesikole ivulekele umphakathi, futhi izigodi eziningi zinikeza iziphakamiso nemizuzu kuyi-inthanethi. Ukuba khona kule mihlangano kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuqonda indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo nokukhuluma okukhathazayo. i-National School Boards Association (NSBA)[FLBA] inikeza imithombo yamalungu kanye nomphakathi yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokubusa.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Ezifundeni Zesikole

Ukuthembisana okuqinile emphakathini kwakha ukwethembana, kuthuthukisa imiphumela yabafundi, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izikole zibonisa izindinganiso nezidingo zemikhaya eziyikhonzayo.

Izindlela Zokuhileleka

  • Imihlangano yebhodi yesikole ehlangene ̵ izimpawu zasikhathi sonke zokuya ebhodini zithakazelisa futhi zikuvumela ukuba uzwe imibiko, ukhulume ngezihloko ezihleliwe, futhi uhlangane namalungu ebhodi.
  • Sifaka i-Parent-Teacher Association (PTA/PTO) #811; PTAs uhlela imizamo yokuzithandela, izikhokheli, nezenzakalo zomkhaya lapho usekela izinga lesikole nesifunda.
  • Ukukhonza ekomitini yesifunda yezokuqondisa & #821; izigodi eziningi zinamakomiti ezifundo, izakhiwo, ukulingana, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemali okuhlanganisa abameleli bomphakathi nabameleli.
  • [[QUT:0] Ivolunter ezikoleni[ [#821]; Umfundisi, umeluleki, usizo lwekilasi, nesenzakalo kusekela ngokuqondile abafundi futhi kwakhe ubuhlobo nothisha.
  • Paricipate kuhlolo lwe-'FUMS' ̵ izigodi zivame ukufuna ukufakwa emahlelweni ahlelekile, ukushintsha umngcele, noma iziphakamiso zekhalenda yesikole.
  • balekela ibhodi yesikole [ ̵ Uma unolwazi olujulile nesifiso semfundo, cabangela ukuba yisisulu.

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo kungumgwaqo ohamba ngezindlela ezimbili. Izifunda kufanele zakhe izindlela eziningi zomfakela, kuhlanganise nezinto ezihunyushwe emikhayeni engakhulumi siNgisi kanye nezikhathi zemihlangano ezihlalisa abazali abasebenzayo. Iwebhusayithi ye- i-PTA Today inikeza iziqondiso ezisebenzayo zokuqalisa noma ukuqinisa amaqembu abazali.

Umholi Wesigodi Wesikole: Iqhawe Elikhulu

Umphathi umphathi omkhulu wesikole, omiswe yibhodi yesikole ukuba afeze izinqubo zayo futhi alawule imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Nakuba ibhodi ibeka umbono, umphathi uhola iqembu lehhovisi eliphakathi, othisha-nhloko, nezisebenzi ukuze afinyelele imigomo yemfundo. Umphathi onekhono uletha ubuchwepheshe ezifundweni zezifundo, ezezimali, izisebenzi, nobudlelwane bomphakathi.

Izinga eliphezulu libhekene nokucindezela okukhulu: ukulinganisela imali yokuhlela imali, ukuvala igebe lokuphumelela, ukusabela ezinkingeni, nokuhlukanisa kwezombangazwe. Isilinganiso se-mester wesigodi e-U.S. sicishe sibe neminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ngokwe- School Suintendents Association (ASA). Lapho kufunwa umphathi omusha, amabhodi kufanele afake umphakathi ekuboneni izinto eziza kuqala nokwenza inqubo yokuqashwa esobala.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezikole Zasesikoleni Namuhla

Izifunda zanamuhla zishikashikana nezinselele eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga amakhambi amasha nemithombo eyanele:

  • Ukungalingani nokungafundi ̫ umehluko oqhubekayo phakathi kwezigodi ezicebile nezimpofu uyaqhubeka ulinganisela amathuba kubafundi abaningi.
  • Ukuswelakala kothisha nokuzigcina #821; amaholo aphansi, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, nokuntula ukusekela kuxosha othisha emsebenzini, ikakhulukazi emfundweni ekhethekile nasemasimini e-STEM.
  • [ Impilo yengqondo engokwengqondo ̵ amazinga anyukayo okukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nobuhlungu phakathi kwabafundi acindezela imithombo yokweluleka futhi adinga izindlela ezintsha zokuthatha isinyathelo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa itechnology kanye ne-quity ye-digital ... ̵ Ukujabulisa bonke abafundi banezisetshenziswa, u-inthanethi, kanye namakhono okufunda aqhubekayo.
  • Ukuphepha kwezemfundo ̵ izigodi kumele zilinganise izilinganiso zokuphepha nendawo yokwamukela lapho zikhuluma ngokuqinela abanye, ubudlova, nokuzilungiselela okuphuthumayo.
  • ukukhokha imali nokuhlolwa okuvamile [ ̵ ukucindezela kokuhlangana namaphawu kahulumeni kunganciphisa isikole futhi kwandise ukukhathazeka.
  • Ukuhlanganisa [ ̵ izimpikiswano ngohlelo lwezifundo, izincwadi zomtapo, kanye nokuzichaza kwabobulili obuhlukile kuye kwenza imihlangano yesikole yaba izikhungo zempi.

Ukusingatha lezi zinselele kudinga ukubambisana phakathi kwabafundisi, abahleli bezimiso, imikhaya, nezinhlangano zomphakathi.

Imfundo Ekhethekile Nezinkonzo Zokusekela Kwabafundi

Izifunda zinesibopho esingokomthetho ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso semfundo ekhubazekile (IDEA) sokunikeza imfundo yomphakathi efanelekile ekhululekile kubo bonke abafundi abakhubazekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa abafundi abadinga izinkonzo, ukusungula izinhlelo zemfundo zomuntu siqu (IEP), nokunikeza indawo yokuhlala efanelekile kanye nezinkonzo ezihlobene nayo njengokwelapha ukuxoxa, ukwelapha ngemisebenzi, kanye nokweluleka.

Izifunda futhi kumelwe zisekele abafundi baseNgilandi, abafundi abanokungabikho makhaya, futhi abafundi abanekhono. Ukugada lezi zimiso kungaba yizethusa kubazali, kodwa isifunda ngasinye kudingeka sibe neqophelo elimisiwe lokuthintana nemfundo ekhethekile futhi sinikeze izikhungo zokuvikela i-proceded. Isikhungo soParents Hub inikeza iziqondiso kanye nokuqeqesha ukuze kusizwe imikhaya ikhuthaze ngokuphumelelayo.

Indlela Yokususa Nokukhetha Isigodi Sesikole

Emikhayeni ukuthutha noma ukucabangela izindlela zokukhetha isikole, ukuhlola isifunda sesikole kuhilela okungaphezu kokubheka amamaki okuhlola.

  • Ikhono lokuthwebula nokukhula [ ̵ Ukubukeza kwamakhadi ombuso, amazinga okuthweswa iziqu, kanye nezikhombisi zokulungiselela kwekolishi.
  • Iminikelo yamuva kanye nezifundiso zangemva kwesikole ̫ Ingabe izikole zinikeza indawo ephambili, i-Baccaupareac, izinhlelo zemisebenzi ye-technical, ubuciko, nemidlalo?
  • [[Ubukhulu:0] nomfundi basekela[ & #821; Uthisha-ku--ku----inani elikhona lomeluleki, abafundisi, nezisebenzi zemfundo ekhethekile.
  • [ isiko lemfundo nesimo sezulu [ #821; vakashela izikole, khuluma nabazali nabafundi, futhi ubukeze imininingwane yokuyala kanye nemibiko yokuqinela abanye.
  • Imisebenzi nobuchwepheshe ̵ Isimo sezakhiwo, ukutholakala kwama-labbhu, imitapo, nobuchwepheshe banamuhla.
  • Ukuthumela nokuphepha [ ... ̵ Izindlela, ukuhamba, nezilinganiso zokhuseleko.
  • ukuthembisana [ ̵ Isifunda sisabela kanjani kubazali? Ingabe kukhona amaPTA namakomiti asebenzayo?

Ama-website anjenge ama-Great School[ anikeza izilinganiso kanye nokubukeza komzali, kuyilapho amawebhusayithi emfundo kahulumeni enikeza imibiko engokomthetho. Amanxusa ezindawo anganikeza ukuqonda ezindleleni zokufuya zesikole nezinguquko zomngcele.

Imithombo Yokuqonda Isigodi Sakho Sesikole

Ukuzinika ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuba umhlanganyeli ophumelelayo emphakathini wakini wesikole. Nakhu okubalulekile:

  • Isifunda sakho i’ inewebhusayithi esemthethweni ̵ Umthombo oyinhloko wemihlangano yebhodi, uhlelo, izinqubo, amathumbu obuso bezincwadi, kanye namakhalenda.
  • umnyango wemfundo wezwe[[#821]; Inikeza amakhadi ombiko wesikole, amabhodi okwaziswa, kanye nokwaziswa ngemithetho nezimiso.
  • i-National Boards School Association (NSBA) ̵ Ukucwaninga nokulawula kwezezindaba.
  • Edutopia neVeki lemfundo[ ̵ Izindaba nemikhuba emihle kakhulu ekufundiseni, ukuhola, nokuguqula.
  • amaphephandaba namaqembu omphakathi endawo ezungezile[ ̵ Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukhetho lwebhodi yesikole, izihlongozo zohlelo lokuhlela, kanye nezilinganiso zesibopho esijulile.
  • Izinhlangano-zothisha-mzali[ ̵ Iwebhusayithi ze PTA/PTO zihlanganyela amathuba okushintshwa nowokuzithandela.
  • Izinhlangano zezesivumelwano ̵ Amaqembu anjenge [ Imelele Izingane [ ne Intengo yezemfundo [ ukulwela imfundo esemthethweni futhi unikeze imithombo esebenzayo.

Isiphetho

Isifunda sesikole sakho asiyona nje i-compatimente; yimoto umphakathi oyitshalayo esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuqonda indlela izigodi ezisebenza ngayo, indlela ezixhaswa ngayo, nendlela ongazihlanganyela ngayo, ushintsha ekubeni ingqapheli engenamsebenzi ube umthakathi okhuthele. Uma ungumzali ohamba ngemfundo ekhethekile, ilungu lomphakathi elikhathazekile ngokuhlelwa kwemali, noma isakhamuzi esifuna ukugijima ebhodini lesikole, ulwazi olukulesi sihloko lunikeza isisekelo esiqinile. Qala ngokuvakashela isifunda sakho i-̱ iwebhthi, ukuya emhlanganweni olandelayo, nokuxhumanisa nabanye abazali abathembileyo. Ikusasa lomphakathi wakho i-̱ izikole zixhomeke ekulandiseni, ekuphikelelweni, nasemazwini okufana nawe.