Izikole zisebenza njengezindawo zemfundo ezisebenza kakhulu cishe njengezindawo eziguquguqukayo ekuphileni kwengane, ezilandelana nekhaya. Kubafundi abayizigidi, isikole silapho kwenziwa khona amakhono okuhlalisana, izindlela ezingokomzwelo zisungulwa khona, futhi izinselele zempilo ngokwengqondo ziqala ukuvela. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwanda kokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, kanye nezimo ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka ezibangelwa yisikole. Iziko ezisezingeni lokungenela isikole senyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Izikomishini zokulawula izifo nezokuvinjelwa kwezifo zibika ukuthi eyodwa kubantwana abahlanu eUnited States ibhekana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo , kodwa iningi alitholi ukwelashwa.

Indima Ekhulayo Yezikole Empilweni Yengqondo Yobusha

Ngokomlando, izikole zigxile kakhulu ekukhuleni kobuchopho kanye nasekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo. Kodwa ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi amathonya angokomzwelo angokwenzuzo eqondile angokwenzuzo afunda imiphumela. Abafundi abalwa nezimo zempilo yengqondo ezingalashwanga bangaphuthelwa kakhulu amakilasi, bashiyeke ngemva kwemfundo, futhi bayeke ngokuphelele. Babhekene nezingozi ezinkulu zokusebenzisa kabi izinto ezidakayo, ukuzibulala, nokuzibulala. Ukuqaphela le drama, abafundisi nabenzi bemithetho baye baqala ukuphazamisa izimo zesikole ukuze ziphinde ziphile, kodwa zingabi mayelana nempilo yengqondo nje kuphela.

Indima yempilo yengqondo yesikole yanamuhla ingachazwa ezindaweni ezine: ukwenziwa kube yinzuzo , ukukhululeka [, , [[[FLT]]] [[FLT]], [[FLT]] no- [[6]] ukuhlanganisa [[[FLT]]. Abafundi nokhuphini] ngokuvamile bayizinguquko ezindleleni zokuziphatha zomfundi, isimo sesimo, noma ukuhlangana komphakathi. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele, bangasebenza njenge-'umnikezimboni, ukuqaphela noma ukuhlela, ukunikeza ukunikeza ukuqondisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa izinkonzo zokwelapha ezisekwelulekweni zezokwelapha.

Izinselele Ezivamile Zempilo Yengqondo Phakathi Kwabafundi

Izimo zempilo yengqondo ezikoleni zihlanganisa izikhawu ezibanzi. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka − kuhlanganise nokukhathazeka ngokwenhlalo, ukukhathazeka okuvamile, kanye nokuhlaselwa uvalo — kuphakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu, ezithinta cishe amaphesenti angu-7, abantwana abaneminyaka engu-3-17 ubudala. Ukucindezeleka kulandela, cishe izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-3,2 ezibhekene nesifo sokucindezeleka ngaphambi kokuba zineminyaka engu-13 ubudala, ukunakwa kweso-dificit/hypericer disorsel (AD), ukuphazamiseka kokuphikisa okubangelwa yinhlekelele ehlobene nokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuxhashazwa noma ubudlova emphakathini), kanye nezimo zokudla zonke zibonakala emiphakathini yesikole.

Isifo se-COVID-19 sandisa lesi simo. Ukuvalwa kwesikole, ukuzihlukanisa kwabantu, ukucindezeleka komkhaya, nosizi ngenxa yabathandekayo kuye kwashiya imiphumela ehlala njalo. Ukuhlola kwango-2022 okwenziwa yi-National Alliance on Mental Illnes (NAMI) kwathola ukuthi abangaphezu kwengxenye yentsha eneminyaka engu-13-24 yabika impilo ewohloka kakhulu yengqondo [[ phakathi nobhadane. Njengoba izikole zibuyela ekuyalweni okungapheli, eziningi zabona izikhombo zesifo sokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nomqondo wokuzibulala.

Izinyathelo Ezisekelwe Ebufakazini Zokusekela Impilo Yengqondo Esekelwe Esikoleni

Ukusekela okuphumelelayo akuncikile ohlelweni olulodwa noma esimisweni. Kunalokho, izikole kumele zifake amasu amaningi ukuze zakhe isimiso sokukhubazeka, esiklanywe ngokulandelana, nesokusabela ngokwesiko. Ngezansi kuyizindlela eziyinhloko ezisekelwe ekucwaningeni nasekusebenziseni okuwusizo.

Ukwakha Isimo Sesikole Esiphephile Nesisekelayo

Isimo sezulu sasesikoleni (8) isimilo, izindinganiso, nobudlelwane — kuthinta ngokuqondile inhlalakahle yabafundi. Uma abafundi bezizwa belondekile ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, bathambekele kakhulu ekufuneni usizo. Izikole zingakhuthaza lokhu ngo--:

  • Ukugcwalisa izimiso ezimelene nomthetho ngokuqinisekisa njalo nokulungisa imikhuba yobulungisa.
  • Ukwenza “amakhoneni aqinile” kanye namagumbi okusebenza kwezinzwa lapho abafundi bengazithathela khona iso.
  • Ukukhuthaza ubuhlobo obuhle nothisha---okanye abafundayo ngezinhlelo zokuhlola noma i-sec-enging.
  • Ukukhuthaza imikhuba ehlanganisa izinto ezihlonipha ubuzwe obuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nobuzwe, ubulili, nokuzichaza komuntu.

Olunye uhlelo olusekelwe kubufakazi yi-PLT Positive Behavior Intervenitions and Services (PBIS) isimiso esisetshenziswa ezikoleni zase-U.S. i-PBIS ihlela izimo ezicacile, ifundisa amakhono okusebenza komphakathi, futhi isebenzise ukwaziswa ukungenela kwasekuqaleni. Izikole ezisebenzisa iPBIS kanye nombiko wokwethembeka zimbalwa wezenzakalo nokuthuthukisa imibono yabafundi yokuphepha.

Ukuthuthukisa Imfundo Yezempilo Yengqondo Kuyinqubo Yokufundisa

I-stigma ilokhu iyisithiyo esikhulu ekusizeni ekufuneni. Ngokuhlela izingxoxo ezivamile ngempilo yengqondo, izikole zinganciphisa ihlazo futhi zinciphise ukuqapha. Ukufunda ingqondo kufanele kufakwe emakilasini empilo, kodwa futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokwezihloko: izingxoxo zezincwadi zingahlola imizwelo ye-athom, amakilasi esayensi angahlanganisa amakhemikhali obuchopho, futhi izifundo zomlando zingahlola inqubo yokuhamba kwengqondo.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yemfundo yempilo yengqondo ihlanganisa:

  • Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bazibone izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kubo nontanga.
  • Ukunikeza ukwaziswa okufanelekela ubudala ngezimo ezivamile (ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, i - ADHD).
  • Ukusebenzisa amakhono okubhekana nawo njengokuphefumula ngokujulile nokusebenzisa ingqondo.
  • Ukusebenzisa ukuhlola okuyimfihlo ukuze ubone izidingo zempilo yengqondo yabafundi futhi ulungise nokufundisa.

I- American Psychological Association itusa ukuba izikole zisebenzise izinhlelo ezisekelwe empucukweni nasemzwelweni (SEL) njenge-Second Step, PATHS, noma DEPURR. Lezinhlelo zifundisa ukuqondisa okungokomzwelo, uzwela, kanye namakhono obuhlobo (okunye) okuyizici ezivikela ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo.

Izisebenzi Eziqeqeshayo Esikoleni Ezingaqaphela Futhi Zisabele

Othisha basebenzelana nabafundi nsuku zonke, bebenza babe usizo kakhulu ekutholeni izimpawu zisezincane. Nokho, ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa, bangase baqonde izimpawu njengeziwubuvila, ukudelela, noma ukuntuleka kwesisusa. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kufanele kuhlanganise:

  • Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukulimala, nokucabanga ngokuzibulala.
  • Ukuqonda indlela impilo engokwengqondo ekuthinta ngayo ukufunda nokuziphatha.
  • Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokukhipha imishini nokuyithena okufanelekile.
  • Ukuzinakekela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushayeka nokutubeka.

Izinhlelo ezifana ne I-Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) sezithandwa kakhulu. I-YMHFA izitimela zokufundisa ukubona izimpawu ezixwayisayo zokuqala futhi zixhumane nabafundi ngosizo lochwepheshe. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi eziqedela lokhu kuqeqesha zizizwa ziqiniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi zisengozini kakhulu yokuqala izingxoxo ngempilo yengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikole kufanele zisho ukuhlobana kwengqondo okuqeqeshiwe, okuvame ukusho umeluleki wesikole, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, noma isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle (hho uma engumuntu oyinhloko ezicatshangeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lomuntu usebenzelana nothisha, imikhaya, kanye nabanikazi bangaphandle.

Ukwandisa Ukuthola Izinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo Esekelwe Esikoleni

Ukutholakala kuyinkinga engapheli. Imikhaya eminingi ibhekene nezikhathi ezinde zokulinda abanikazi bomphakathi, izindleko eziphakeme, ukuntuleka komshuwalense, noma imingcele yokuhamba. Izikhungo zezempilo ezisekelwe ezikoleni (SBHC) kanye nezinkonzo zesikole zivaleka leligebe. Ngokwe American School Counter Association, isilinganiso esituswayo singu 250 kubafundi ngomeluleki ngamunye, kodwa isilinganiso sesizwe sicishe sibe ngu- 415 kuya ku-1. Ukuntula kwemali ngokuvamile kunciphisa ububanzi benkonzo.

Izinqubo zokuthuthukisa indlela yokuthola izinto zihlanganisa:

  • Izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezisebenza ngesikhathi esigcwele (akulona nje abelaphi).
  • Ukusebenzelana nezinhlangano zezempilo yengqondo zomphakathi ukuze zinikeze ukwelashwa okungekuhle.
  • Ukusebenzisa iziteshi zama - video ezilondekile ukuze kufezwe izeluleko ezidinga ukunakekelwa.
  • Ukwelapha izinhlu zabantu ngezinkinga ezibuhlungu, usizi noma amakhono okusebenzelana nabanye.
  • Ukwakha izinhlelo zokusekela kontanga lapho abafundi asebekhulile befundisa khona abasebasha.

I-Telehealth iye yaphumelela kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nakubafundi abazizwa behlazekile bevakashela umthola-mpilo ophakathi. Ezinye izikole manje ezikhokhela izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ye-Telehealth ngaphansi kwe-Medicaid.

Ukungenela Kwezimo Ezibucayi Nokuvimbela Ukuzibulala

Isikole ngasinye kumelwe sibe necebo lokusabela ngenhlekelele elithinta ingozi yokuzibulala, ukuzifaka engozini, ubudlova. Icebo kufanele lihlanganise umthetho ocacile wokungenela ngokushesha: ukuhlola ingozi, ukuxhumana nabazali, ukuxhumana nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo, nokunikeza ukusekela okuphindiwe ngemva kokulala esibhedlela. Abaqashwa kufanele baqeqeshelwe ukuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenzisa izingozi zendawo.

Ukuhlolwa kwenani labantu ukuze bangazibulali kuyatuswa kakhulu. Amathuluzi anjenge-Columbia-Suicide Severity Istifity Istical (C-SSRS) angasetshenziswa izisebenzi zesikole eziqeqeshiwe. i-Suicide Prevention Resource Center[ inikeza iziqondiso zokusebenzisa umbukiso onjalo kuyilapho ugcina imfihlo futhi ulandele.

Isici esibucayi kodwa esivame ukunganakwa ukusekela kokubuya ungene. Ngemva kokulaliswa esibhedlela, abafundi badinga ukususwa okufudumele kweqembu lezisebenzi kuya eqenjini lesikole, kanye namasu okuhlala (umz., ama-aced process, ukuncishiswa komsebenzi, amasheke). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amazinga okuphinde athole ijubane.

Ukubambisana Nemikhaya Nabangane Bomphakathi

Ukusekela kwempilo yengqondo esekelwe esikoleni akunakusebenza e-silo. Impilo engokwengqondo yabafundi ilolongwa indawo yasekhaya, ukuphepha komphakathi, nokuthola ukunakekelwa kokwelashwa. Ukusekela okuphumelelayo kudinga ukubambisana okukhulu ezimisweni.

Ukuhlanganyela Komkhaya

Imikhaya ivame ukuba usizo oluqinile kumfundi, kodwa ingase izizwe ikhungathekile noma ingaqiniseki ngendlela engasiza ngayo. Izikole kufanele zifune ukuxhumana nabazali kanye nabanakekeli:

  • Imithombo yemfundo ephathelene nezimo zempilo engokwengqondo nezinkonzo zendawo.
  • Izinkathi zokwelapha zomkhaya ezinikezwa ezinkundleni zesikole noma nge - telehealth.
  • Abazali basekela amaqembu ukuze banciphise ukuzihlukanisa.
  • Ukuxhumana okubonisayo ngokungenela okusekelwe esikoleni (nezivikelo zabafundi zobuso bezwe).

Ubuhlobo bomkhaya (--asemkhayeni) ngokuvamile isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle noma umzali-umholi wenhlangano yothisha---(-kahn) u-'acn's propects' amasiko nolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kwamuva kuthole ukuthi imikhaya yama-Hispanic isengozini kakhulu yokuhlanganyela ezinkonzweni zempilo yengqondo lapho izinto zikhona nge-Spanishi futhi izisebenzi zibonisa ukuthobeka kwempucuko.

Imikhumbi Yomphakathi

Izikole zingafinyelela ngokubambisana nezikhungo zempilo yengqondo yomphakathi, izibhedlela, izinhlangano zentsha, namaqembu asekelwe ekukholweni. Izivumelwano ze-Fomural ne-retrandanada yokuqonda iqinisekisa ukushintsha okushelelayo. Ezinye izifundazwe zakha “izindawo zemfundo yesikole” ezingaphakathi esikoleni ezinikeza abaphathi bezeluleko, izinhlelo zesikole, namaqembu ezisiza kwezokwelapha.

I-Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA) ithuthukisa i- i-Fommunity-food foo/mody [1] Iqembu ngalinye lapho lihlanganyela khona umthwalo wemfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi obonisa izimpawu zokuqala zengqondo yesikole angazibona umeluleki wesikole, abhekisele kuhlelo olusheshayo lokungenela komphakathi lwesifo sengqondo (STP), futhi axhaswe ekhaya ngengqondo yomkhaya.

Ukulawula Kwendawo Nombuso Okukhathazayo

Ushintsho lwesimiso ludinga ukuqashwa. Abaphathi besikole bangasebenza namabhodi esikole asendaweni kanye neminyango kahulumeni yemfundo ku:

  • Yandisa imali ongayixhasa ezifundweni zezempilo yengqondo.
  • Umuntu wanikeza imfundo yempilo yengqondo ezifundweni zesikole.
  • Faka izimiso ezikhubazekile ezisesikoleni sonke (isib., linganisela ukusesha okungadingekile, nciphisa izinsika).
  • Ukuhlola komhlaba wonke okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kwasebuntwaneni (ACES).

Izibonelo eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa imfuneko kaHulumeni waseNew York yokuba zonke izikole zomphakathi zinikeze imfundo yempilo yengqondo, ne - Children and Youth Behavioral Health Initiative yaseCalifornia, engenisa imali ezinkonzweni zempilo ezisekelwe esikoleni nentuthuko yomsebenzi.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Namathuba Okuzivuselela

Naphezu kokuqashelwa okwandayo, kusenezithiyo ezinkulu. Isithiyo esivame ukukhonjwa zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuswelakala okuqinile: Izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo zasesikoleni zivame ukuncitshiswa, zincike ezinsalelani zemali yesikhashana noma zesifunda. Izimo ezisekela imali ekhona isikhathi eside, njengenkokhelo yemali ye-Medicaid noma izimali zokukhokha zikahulumeni, ziyadingeka.
  • Izisebenzi zochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe:[ isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nezomeluleki amapayipi asesikoleni mancane. Izinhlelo zokuthethelela nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthethelela kungandisa izisebenzi.
  • Izinkolelo zempucuko phakathi kwabafundi nabazali: ezisempilweni yengqondo, ezikhathazayo zomuntu siqu, nokwesaba ukubizwa kwamagama kungavimbela ukufuna usizo. Izikole kumelwe zihlanganise abaholi bomphakathi abathenjwayo futhi zisebenzise ulimi olulula.
  • [ I-fullut phakathi kothisha: Othisha kakade babhekene nokucindezela okukhulu. Ukunezela imithwalo yempilo yengqondo ngaphandle kokusekelwa kuholela ekuvuseleleni. Izisebenzi ezifanele, ukuthwala impatho, nokuphatha kahle kwezisebenzi kubalulekile.
  • izikhala eziphelele: Abafundi bemibala, i LGBTQ+ abafundi, kanye nalabo abasendaweni efikayo ephansi ngokuvamile abanakho ukufinyelela ukusekela okusezingeni eliphezulu kwempilo yengqondo. I-policies kumele ikhulume ngokuhlukanisa ngokuhlukanisayo ngemikhuba yokusabela ngokwesiko kanye nokusekela okuxhaswe yimali.

Nokho, inselele ngayinye inikeza ithuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, umqedazwe washeshisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi engqondo engqondo asebenza ngemizwa, apps ekulandeleni imikhondo, amaqembu okusekela angaphakathi, kanye nokwelapha okungokoqobo. Izikole zingasizana nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuba zinikeze abafundi ithuba eliphephile, eliqondiswayo lokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhubekela ezikoleni ezisungulwe ezikhona kususe ukuya esijezisoni sokubuyisela esimweni. Izifunda eziningi manje zisebenzisa abaphathi bobulungisa abakhuluma ngokulungisa inhlekelele kunokuba bakhulume ngokuziphatha okusobala.

Izifanekiso Eziwukukhula

Izifunda eziningana ziye zaphayona izinhlelo ezivelele ezikufanelekelayo ukuphawulwa:

  • I-Comprehensive School Mental Health Systems [[FLTMS]) e-Ohio: Isibonelo esinezinhlosha esinikeza ukuvinjelwa kwendawo yonke (i-TIR 1), ukusekela okuqondiswe kubafundi aba-risk (i-Tier 2), kanye nokunakekela okukhulu (i-Tier 3).
  • I-Aid yokuqala yengqondo ye-metal (tMHFA) ezikoleni eziphezulu eziningana: Isitimela siqeqesha abafundi ukuba baqaphele izinkinga kontanga futhi bazihlanganise nabantu abadala abathenjwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwakuqala kubonisa izinhloso ezikhuphukayo zokufuna usizo.
  • Izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-yoga kanye ne-yoga zihlanganiselwa emfundweni engokomzimba. Izikole zaseCalifornia, eColorado, naseMaryland zibike ukuthi i-Pixpot kanye nesimo sezulu sasekilasini esingcono ngemva kokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo.
  • Izinkonzo zomchamo ezihlanganisa isikhungo esisodwa esimisa ukudla semikhaya(_sosizo lokudla, izikhongozeli, usizo olungokomthetho, nokunakekela ingqondo, zonke ziphethwe isikole. Isibonelo seSikole somphakathi, esisetshenziswa eNew York City naseBaltimore, siyisibonelo esiyinhloko.

Bheka Phambili: Isidingo Sokuzibophezela Kwesimiso

Ukusekela abafundi abanezinkinga zempilo yengqondo akuyona inguquko eyisisekelo endleleni umphakathi oyibheka ngayo indima yemfundo. Izikole azikwazi ukuyixazulula le nkinga kuphela, kodwa ziyihange. Ngokuzinzisa ezifweni zengqondo zingene kuzo zonke izingqimba zemisebenzi yesikole, izifundo, amandla ezisebenzi, ukuthembisana komkhaya, kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi, kungakha izimiso ezibamba intsha ngaphambi kokuba iwe.

Ubufakazi busobala: uma izikole zimisa impilo yengqondo, ukuthuthuka, ukuphumelela kunyuka, ukudamba, futhi abafundi bazizwa benomuzwa onamandla wokuba khona. Futhi ukutshala imali kuyaphumelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Rand Corporation[ ilinganisela ukuthi wonke amadola athengisiwe ekungeneleni kwempilo yengqondo esekelwe esikoleni afinyelela ku-R3,50 emali egciniwe egciniwe encishisiwe ekuncipheni kwesibhedlela, ukuhileleka kobulungisa bezingane, nokungakhiqizi.

Kuyisikhathi sokuba abamisi bemithetho, abaholi bezifunda, othisha, imikhaya, nabafundi ngokwabo basebenzelane nokuphuthuma. bonke abafundi bafanelwe ukuba babheke isikole ngokuphelele (hhayi nje), kodwa njengomuntu ophelele onezidingo ezingokomzwelo, amandla, nokuzimela. Ngokusebenza manje, singadala isizukulwane esikwaziyo ukufuna usizo, ukuthola ukusekelwa, nokuchuma.