Nsuku zonke, ngaphandle komcabango wesibili, izigidi zamaMelika zisebenzelana nemishini kahulumeni wazo. Zisebenzisa ikhadi lokuthenga ngesikweletu, zishayela ziyosebenza, zishiya umntwana esikoleni, noma ngisho zidle ukudla kwasekuseni okunamaphandle — lezi zikhathi ezivamile zibunjwe yimithetho, izimiso, nezinkonzo ezivela kuyo yomibili inhlokodolobha yezwe eWashington, D.C., kanye nesifunda sezwe se-capitol amahora ambalwa nje. Lesimiso esimbaxambili, esaziwa njenge-unistism, ingazizwa ikude noma idide. Nokho, ukuqonda ukuthi ubani owenzani, futhi kungani, kungeyona nje isisekelo semfundo ephumelelayo. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukuwohloka okusobala, okusebenzayo kwezwe nohulumeni, indlela abathinta ngayo ngokuqondile, nendlela abakwazi ngayo ukuphila kwakho, nendlela okwazi ngayo ukubusa ngayo ukuphila kwakho nsuku zonke.

Ukwakhiwa Kwe - American Federalism

Uhulumeni wase-United States usebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso sobukhosi obubili. Lapho amaFramers emisa uMthetho-sisekelo, akha uhulumeni wesizwe onamandla kodwa ayeqaphela ukulondoloza indima yezwe. Ayeqonda ukuthi uhulumeni ophethe ude kakhulu kubantu ufaka unyamezelo, kuyilapho iqoqo lamazwe azimeleyo ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi sombuso wesizwe esihlangene. Ikhambi laliwukulinganisela okubucayi okubekwe ngokuyinhloko esimisweni soMthetho-sisekelo naseSiphendulweni se-Tenth.

Amandla Angalawuleki, Agciniwe, Namanje

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiliphi izinga likahulumeni elithinta ingxenye ethile yokuphila kwakho, kumelwe uqale uqonde izinhlobo zemibuso ngayinye.

  • Amandla adwetshiwe (Federal): Lamagunya anikezwa ngokuqondile uhulumeni kahulumeni ngoMthetho-sisekelo. Ahlanganisa ukukhokha imali, ukuqondisa isifundazwe nesentengiselwano sezwe lonke, ukumisa impi, ukuphakamisa ibutho, ukumisa amahhovisi eposi, nokuqhuba isimiso sangaphandle. Lamagunya ahlelwe ngokuyinhloko eSiphakamiso I, icandelo 8.
  • Intethelelo yamandla (Izimo): ISichibiyelo seshumi sicacisa ukuthi noma imaphi amandla angawaphathi uhulumeni kahulumeni ugcinelwe izifundazwe noma abantu. Lokhu kunikeza igunya phezu kwezindaba eziningi zendawo, kuhlanganise nokuqhuba ukhetho, ukumisa ohulumeni bendawo, ukuqondisa ezentengiselwano zamazwe, ukuqondisa impilo nokulondeka komphakathi, kanye nokuqondisa imfundo.
  • Amandla asebenzayo (Ayahlanganyelwe): Amagunya amaningi asetshenziswa ngawo womabili amazinga kahulumeni. Bobabili ohulumeni bamazwe nohulumeni bangafaka intela ye-vy, baboleke imali, bamise izinkantolo, amabhange omthetho-mthetho womthetho-sisekelo, futhi babophe imithetho. Lapho bexabana, iSupremacy Claus ye-Constitution (Artle VI) ifuna ukuba umthetho kazwelonke usebenze.

Le ngxenye ayiyona indawo esendaweni. Ukuchazwa kwalemibuso, ikakhulukazi i-Chommerce Claus ngokuphathelene nentengiselwano yamazwe ahlukene, kuye kwavela ngokuphawulekayo emlandweni waseMelika, ngokuvamile kwandisa ukufinyelela kukahulumeni kahulumeni. Nokho izifunda zihlala ziseyizindawo zokuhlola intando yeningi ezinamandla, izimiso zokuhlola ezingase zithathwe njengesizwe noma zenqatshwe ngokuphelele.

UHulumeni Ozimele: Ukuqondisa Izinhlangano Zesizwe

Ngokuvamile izenzo zalo zibonakala zikude, kodwa lakha isisekelo somnotho wezwe lonke futhi livikela amalungelo azo zonke izakhamuzi.

I - Federal Seace Ne - Security Yezimali

Mhlawumbe ithonya eliqondile likahulumeni ekuphileni kwansuku zonke livela ngezinhlelo zokuphepha kwezomnotho. Uma unomsebenzi, cishe ubheka intela ye-Federal Inssurances Act (FICA) kunoma ishekethi ngalinye. Lemali yentela Ukulondeka kombuso [, okunikeza umshuwalense wempilo kubantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu nasebekhulile futhi abanamathelelwa amashumi ezigidi zamaMelic, kanye ] ne-Medicareare , okunikeza abantu abanobunzima obuthile.

Uhulumeni wamazwe futhi wengamela uMthetho we- Ongamele i-Afford Care Act (ACA) izimakethe, imisa izindinganiso zomshuwalense wempilo, nezimali i-Spplial Contution Application Program (STUP). [[FLT:] FULD]]Deteralm Deposit Inshuwation (FIC)[FLT] ifaka imali ebhangenyuselwayo ku-RRC, inikeza ukuqina nokuthembana kwesimiso sezimali. Uma umnotho [FFF]] i-Reservences providectives provicestion [Fodmentsssss provicesssssss, intela imali, noma izimali zezindawo zokuthumela ngokuqondile.

Impilo Yakho, Ukuphepha Nendawo Ezungezile

Kusasa ngamihla yonke, uthembele kulwembu lwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingacabangi ngalutho. Uma udla lelobhokisi lokusanhlamvu, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhalwe ngokunembile futhi iphephile ukuwadla. Amanzi ahlanzekile aphuma empompini yakho abekwe ngaphansi kwe- PRODUD Act futhi agunyazwe yi- [[FLT]] i-ENT] I-ENTERT quect yokuzivikela (EPA)[FLD:5]. Umoya ophefumulayo ucwe ngenxa yezindinganiso ze-EPAD.

Uma ushayela imoto, i-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ibeka izindinganiso zokuphepha zemoto ngokwayo. Umgwaqo omkhulu owushayelayo wakhiwa kakhulu ngamadola kahulumeni i-Intertategoway System [[, iprojekthi yesilinganiso esikhulu sikahulumeni. [[FLT:] FL:4] FEDCC] Communimations (FCCCCC) ilawula i-ivicewavess zomsakazo womsakazo wakho, ithelevishini, ithelevishini, nemiyalezo yocingo.

Isimiso Sobulungisa Besizwe Namalungelo Omphakathi

Isimiso senkantolo kahulumeni sisingatha amacala ahilela imithetho kahulumeni, izimpikiswano zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, umthetho wamazwe, nezingxabano phakathi kwezifundazwe. Izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho njenge- FBI, DEA[, kanye [FLT]] ATF[F [FLT:][FLT]][F ] iphenya ubugebengu obunqamule imigqa yesizwe, njengokushushumbisa izidakamizwa okuhleliwe, ubugebengu, nobuphekula.

Ngokuphawulekayo, uhulumeni kahulumeni ungumphoqeleli oyinhloko wamalungelo omphakathi. I-Civil Rights Diving Division of the Department of Justice imisa imithetho enqabela ukucwaswa kobandlululo olusekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, imvelaphi yobuzwe, nokukhubazeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalungelo okuvota, izindlu ezingakhethi, kanye nokuthola imfundo nokusebenza okulinganayo. Ngaphandle kwale mithetho yombuso, izifunda ngazinye (nangokomlando) zingamisa imithetho yezehlulele.

UHulumeni: Umshini Wokubusa Nsuku Zonke

Uma uhulumeni kahulumeni umisa iqophelo, ohulumeni bezwe baqondisa umdlalo. Izwe lisingatha iningi lezakhamuzi ezisebenzelanayo nohulumeni walo. Bangabaqondisi abayinhloko emphakathini wakini, izihambi zakho, imfundo yezingane zakho, nezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho eziphakamayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Imfundo: Umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko kahulumeni

Ngokulindelekile imfundo iwumsebenzi kahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni obiza kakhulu nobonakalayo. Nakuba izifunda zendawo zisingatha imisebenzi yezinsuku zonke, ohulumeni bakahulumeni bamisa izindinganiso zohlelo lwezifundo, ukugunyaza, nokunikeza ingxenye enkulu yemali yesikole ngezimali zikahulumeni. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma ngezindlela zokuxhasa imali ezivame ukudala ukwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe ezicebile nezimpofu. Amayunivesithi oMbuso nezimiso zamakolishi afundisa izigidi futhi abuswa amabhodi ombuso futhi axhaswe uhulumeni uhulumeni unikeze iziphakamiso nemali. Ikusasa lezomnotho likahulumeni lihlobene ngokuqondile nesilinganiso semfundo yomphakathi.

Ikhomishane, Ilayisense, Nomkhaya

Usebenzelana nohulumeni wezwe njalo lapho uqala ukushayela. I-' Isegodi lemoto Vehicles (DMV) iyinhlangano kahulumeni ekhipha amalayisense omshayeli kanye nokubhaliswa kwezimoto. Amaphoyisa kahulumeni kanye nonogada wemigwaqo emikhulu baphoqelela imithetho yomgwaqo. Isimo semigwaqo kahulumeni namabhuloho siwumthwalo oqondile.

Ohulumeni boMbuso banikeza izimvume zomshado, basingatha izindaba zesehlukaniso, baphathele izinkantolo zombuso imithetho engokomthetho yenkathi yomshado, izizathu zesehlukaniso namalungelo abazali nabantwana.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Yomphakathi Nezomphakathi

Nakuba izimali zikahulumeni kahulumeni [[FLT: 0] iMedicaid, kuyimibandela eqondisa uhlelo, inquma amazinga okungaqondakali nezinzuzo phakathi kweziqondiso zikahulumeni. Ngokufanayo, i-Health Inshuwarence Program (CHIP) ingumzamo ohlangene kahulumeni wezwe. Iminyango yezempilo yezempilo yenza izinkampane zokuhlola, ukuqubuka kwezifo, ukusakaza imijovo, futhi ilondoloze amarekhodi abalulekile (ukuqala nezitifiketi zokufa).

Isimiso Sikahulumeni Sokwahlulela: INkantolo Yokuqala

Amacala angokomthetho angaphezu kwa 95% ase-United States aqulwa ezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Uma uhilelekile engozini yemoto, ukuphulwa kwesivumelwano, ukuphikisana okungalawuleki, noma isehlukaniso, cishe uzozithola usenkantolo kahulumeni. Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zichaza imithetho kahulumeni nemithetho-mthetho kahulumeni, ngokuvamile enganikeza isivikelo esikhulu samalungelo abantu kunomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo kazwelonke.

Umthetho wobugebengu uyimisebenzi kahulumeni engenakungatshazwa. Umbuso namaphoyisa endawo aphoqelela imithetho kahulumeni yobugebengu. Abashushisi bakahulumeni bamacala. Abavikeli bomphakathi bamelela abaphangi abangenamthetho. Amajele oMbuso abamba cishe amaphesenti angu-90 abantu balelizwe abavalelwe. Indlela uhulumeni ophatha ngayo isigwebo sobugebengu . /ukugwetshwa kwenguquko yezimiso zokubuyisela ushintsho.

Ibhizinisi, Imali Yokuthenga, Nezomnotho Zendawo

Amazwe asebenza njengabaqondisi bezezomnotho nabagqugquzeli. Bamisa imithetho yokuqala nokuqhuba ibhizinisi. I-agningngs. "yamadokotela" (yabo bonke odokotela nabameli kuya kubaqondisi bamapayipi, ogesi, nabagundi bezinwele) eyenziwa ezingeni likahulumeni. Amazwe alawula izinkampani zomshuwalense, izinto ezisetshenziswa umphakathi, kanye nokuthengiselwa kwezindawo. Bahlela futhi umholo olinganiselwe, ovame ukudlula kuhulumeni.

Ukubambisana, Ukuxabana, Namandla Entengo

Ukubusa kwanamuhla akuvamile ukulingana kahle emabhokisini kahulumeni noma kahulumeni acocekile.

IFoscal Federalism: Amaqoqo Anamathiselwe

Uhulumeni kahulumeni unethonya elikhulu enkambisweni yombuso ngamandla awo okusebenzisa imali. Uma uhulumeni unikeza imvume ezindaweni ngenjongo ethile", njengemigwaqo emikhulu yesakhiwo noma ukwandisa iMedicaid(ivame ukufika nemibandela eqinile. Amazwe kumelwe avumelane nemithetho kahulumeni yokwamukela imali. Lomqondo, owaziwa ngokuthi "i-fiscal unistism," uvumela uhulumeni wezwe ukuba ubeke izinto eziza kuqala (njengesilinganiso se-mph noma isilinganiso seminyaka engu-20 yesilinganiso sokuphuza) ngezimali zikahulumeni ezithi uyanqikaza ukwenqaba.

Ukukhululeka Nokweqisa UClaus

Uma umthetho kahulumeni uphikisana ngokuqondile nomthetho osemthethweni kahulumeni, umthetho kahulumeni uyaphumelela. Lokhu kuthatha isinyathelo somthetho we-Supremacy Claus. Isibonelo esivamile yimpi phakathi kwemithetho kahulumeni evumela insangu ngokomthetho ne-Guated Substancess Act kahulumeni, ehlukanisa insangu njengegeometry I engekho emthethweni. Uhulumeni wezwe ngokuvamile uvumela ukuba kusetshenziswe imithetho yawo siqu ye-cannabis ngenxa yemithombo elinganiselwe nezinto eziza kuqala zokugcinwa, kodwa ukuqina okuyisisekelo okungokomthetho kuhlala. Lesimiso sokulahlwa kwempoqo siqinisekisa ubunye besizwe ezindaweni eziyinhloko kodwa singaba umthombo wempikiswano.

Ama - United States Njengezisebenzi Zombuso Wentando Yeningi

UMahluleli uLouis Brandeis waphawula ngokudume kakhulu ukuthi "umbuso, uma izakhamuzi zawo zikhetha, zingasebenza njengendawo yokuhlola; futhi zama ukuhlola okuqanjiwe kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ngaphandle kobungozi kulo lonke izwe." Lona ungomunye wamandla amakhulu kakhulu ombuso waseMelika. Umbuso ongashadile ungaqala isimiso esinjengenguquko yezenhlalakahle eWisconsin, inguquko yezempilo eMassachusetts, noma izindinganiso zekhabhonikhabon eCalifornia (ukuthi uma iphumelela, ingamukelwa amanye amazwe noma ngisho nohulumeni wezwe. Lo mklamo wezeluleko ehloniphekile ukuvumela inqubo efanelani engoko yezindawo nezidingo zezifunda.

Ukuhlanganyela Okusebenzayo Esimisoni Sikahulumeni

Ukuqonda ukuhlukana phakathi kwamandla kahulumeni nombuso akuyona nje imfundo. Kuyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokwenza izwi lakho lizwe futhi lakhe ushintsho. Ukwazi * ukuthi ngumuphi * obangele * ukuthi yiziphi ** ezikuvumela ukuba ubambe icebo lakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Yazi Abameleli Bakho Kuwo Wonke Amazwe

Izakhamuzi eziningi zingaqamba kalula igama loMongameli, kodwa zimbalwa ezilaziyo ilungu lomkhandlu wazo wedolobha, ummeleli wezwe, noma ilungu lebhodi lesikole. Nokho lezi zikhulu zendawo nezwe zenza izinqumo ezinethonya elisheshayo ezinhlahleni zakho zempahla, ezifundweni zesikole sengane yakho, nakumaphoyisa asendaweni yakini. Thola ukuthi ubani okumelelayo kuzo zonke izinga likahulumeni. USUSA.gov inikeza ithuluzi elibanzi lokubona uhulumeni wakho, uhulumeni, uhulumeni, izikhulu zendawo, nezikhulu ezikhethiwe.

Hlakulela Ibhola Lakho Lempi Ngombuso Nemijaho Yasendaweni

Uvoter ufulathele uhulumeni futhi ukhetho lwendawo kuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokhetho lukamongameli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uvoti yakho ithwala umthwalo obaluleke kakhulu. Qaphela izinhlanga zendlu yomthetho kahulumeni, umbusi, nommeli jikelele. Lezizikhundla ziphethe amandla amakhulu ku-rediprogate, ukwahlulela komthetho womthetho, imithetho yokuvota, nemfundo. Izivumelwano zezwe zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zimise imithetho eqondile esukela enkabeni yentela kuya ekuguquleni umthetho ongokomthetho. Ingqungquthela yesizwe ye-Galgislatures (NCS) ilandela lezi zinqubo zokuvota, nemfundo. futhi zingakusiza ukuba uqonde ukuthi yini okusemdlaliweni kwakho.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokuqondile Nezimo Eziphuthumayo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni emazingeni omabili kudingeka zilandele inqubo yokubusa obala. Uma inhlangano kahulumeni enjenge EPA noma inxusa lendawo ezungezile liveza umthetho omusha, kuyadingeka ngokomthetho ukuvula inkathi yokuphendula umphakathi. Ukunikeza impendulo ehlolwa kahle, kungaba umuntu ngamunye noma inhlangano, kungaba nethonya langempela enqubweni yokugcina. Lena yindlela eqondile yokuthonya isimiso ngaphandle komjikelezo wokhetho.

Khonza Embusweni Futhi Uhlanganyele Emihlanganweni Yeningi

Igatsha lokwahlulela likahulumeni lincike ngokuqondile ezakhamuzini ngesabelo sokwahlulela. Ukukhonza ejajini kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlanganyela esimisweni sokuzilawula. Ngezinga lendawo, ukuya emihlanganweni yedolobha, imihlangano yesikole, nokuhlelwa kwezindaba kukuvumela ukuba ukhulume ngokuqondile nabantu abenza izinqumo ngomphakathi wakho. Ngokuvamile, iqembu elincane, elingaguquguquki lezakhamuzi eziboshelwe ukuthatha ithonya enkambisweni yendawo.

Isiphetho: Izakhamuzi Ezinolwazi

Ubuhlobo phakathi kohulumeni bezwe nohulumeni abakho kude, obungaqondakali. Yisimiso esisebenzayo sentando yeningi yaseMelika, ukunquma ukuthi ubani oqoqa izintela zakho, indlela abantwana bakho abafundiswa ngayo, indlela impilo yakho evikeleka ngayo, nendlela ubulungisa obusetshenziswa ngayo. Nakuba isimiso singaba siyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibe nokulwa, isimo saso sinikeza amaphuzu amaningi okungena ku isakhamuzi esithembiwe. Ngokuqonda izakhiwo zobuzwe, ungasebenzisa kangcono izinkonzo othembele kuzo, ubambe izikhulu ezifanele, ubeke isibopho sawo siqu somphakathi lapho uyoba nethonya elikhulu khona. Amandla alesi simiso axhomeke ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqondeni futhi alungele ukubusa ohulumeni ababusa ukuphila kwaso kwansuku zonke.