Ziyini Izivikelo Zomthetho - sisekelo?

Isivikelo somthetho-mthetho simelela isisekelo senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye e-United States. Lezi zingamalungelo, inkululeko, neziqinisekiso ezibekwe eMthethweni-sisekelo wase-U.S. ezibeka imingcele ecacile egunyeni likahulumeni kuyilapho zilondoloza ukuzibusa komuntu siqu. Ngaphakathi, izivikelo zomthetho zenza izinjongo ezimbili: zinika izakhamuzi amandla okusebenzisa inkululeko eyisisekelo futhi zimise imingcele ngokumelene nohulumeni ophambanisiwe. Umthetho-sisekelo ufeza lokhu ngenhlanganisela yezibeko ezicacile − //imithetho enjenge-"Conrefectal ngeke yenze mthetho""nelungiselelo lokwakha, njengokuhlukanisa imibuso nombuso, okuhlukanisa igunya nokwenza uhlole izenzo zikahulumeni. Lemingcele ayiyona imibandela engoko; igcinwa ngokomthetho ukuthi wonke umuntu eUnited States angahlanganisa umthetho.

Umqondo wesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo udlulela ngalé kombhalo ngokwawo. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yachaza futhi yasebenzisa lamalungiselelo ezimweni eziningi ezingokoqobo zezwe, kusukela ekusithekeni kwekhaya lezakhamuzi kuya emalungelweni ezigebengu, kusukela emandleni okukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezikhulu zomphakathi kuya enkululeko yokusebenzisa ukholo lomuntu. Ukuqonda lezi zivikelo akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yezemfundo. Kuyisidingo esiwusizo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ngokoqobo ekuphileni komphakathi, ugcine uhulumeni unecala, noma uzivikele esinyathelo sikahulumeni esingekho emthethweni. Izakhamuzi ezifundile zingumgca wokuqala futhi eziphumelelayo wokuvikela inkululeko yomthetho.

Isisekelo Samalungelo Abantu

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi kuMthetho-sisekelo, ezagunyazwa ngo-1791 futhi zabizwa njenge-Bill of Rights, zinikeza iqoqo eliningiliziwe lesivikelo somuntu ngamunye encwadini yokusungula. Lezi zinguquko zaziwumphumela oqondile wempikiswano yokulungisa ye 1787-1788, lapho abaxhasi be-Anti-Federali babefuna khona umthetho wamalungelo njengesimo sokugunyaza uMthetho-sisekelo omusha. UJames Madison, ekuqaleni engawufuni umthetho onjalo, waze wasekela iziphakamiso zemihlangano yokuqala yeSivumelo, edwebeni semiba yemihlangano ye-ratiation ehlolweni ye-ratiation kanye namasiko angokomthetho engokomthetho enjengeMagna nesiNgisi iMagna neSivume.

Ushintsho ngalunye kuyi - Bill of Rights lukhuluma ngengxenye ethile yenkululeko yomphakathi, futhi ndawonye lwakha umbono ovumelanayo womphakathi lapho inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye iwumbuso ongahleliwe futhi uhulumeni udinga ukuthethelelwa. Ukuqonda lezinguquko eziyishumi kubalulekile ekuqondeni iziphetho eziphelele zomthetho - sisekelo ezitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu e - United States.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivame ukuchazwa njengesisekelo senkolo yentando yeningi yaseMelika. Ivikela inkululeko emihlanu eyisisekelo: inkolo, inkulumo, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana nelungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo. Imithetho yenkolo imisa kokubili ukunqatshelwa kokumiswa kwenkolo okungokomthetho kanye nesivikelo sokusebenzisa inkululeko yenkolo. Inkulumo nezinkulumo ezicindezelayo zivikela ukubonakaliswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise nenkulumo yezombangazwe, ukukhangisa kwezentengiselwano, ngisho nezindlela zokuveza izinto ezicasula noma ezingathandeki. Inhlangano kanye nezicelo zivikela ilungelo labantu lokuhlanganisa futhi zenze imibono yabo yaziwe kubameleli babo abakhethiwe.

Ngokugxeka, iSichibiyelo Sokuqala asisona isivikelo esiphelele. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela izigaba ezilinganiselwe zenkulumo engavikelekile noma engavikelekile kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuhlanjalazwa, ukushendezelwa kwesenzo sokungabi namthetho, ukusongela kweqiniso, nehlazo. Imingcele esekelwe ekukhulumeni egcwele ivame ukuhlolwa ngokuqinile, indinganiso enzima kakhulu yokuhlola ukwahlulela, nakuba iqukethe okungamelwe zigcinwe, indawo, kanye nemithetho eqinile ithola uhlobo olulula lokubukeza. Lendlela ehlukile iqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uthwele umthwalo onzima uma ufuna ukuvimbela inkulumo, kodwa futhi ukuthi ukubuyiselwa akuyiyo imvume yokuhlola ukuziphatha okungenamthetho noma ukulimaza abanye ngokuqondile.

ISichibiyelo Sesibili

ISichibiyelo Sesibili sinikeza "ilungelo labantu lokugcina nokuphatha iziXhobo ngeke liphazanyiswe. Ku-Columbia v. Heller [2008], iNkantolo Ephakeme yathi lelilungelo liyilungelo lomuntu ngamunye, elingahlangani nenkonzo yamabutho, nokuthi livikela ukuba nezibhamu ngokwesiko ezinjongo ezingokomthetho, kuhlanganise nokuzifaka ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Inkantolo ekugcineni yasebenzisa lesi sinqumo ezindaweni [FLT:] [FLT:] [2] iDonaldad. City of Chicast :3], futhi engahlanganiswe nezikhali eziyingozi, iyaqhubeka izikhali ezikhona kanye nezingundabeni eziyingozi. [ezethungangonyakatho, iNkakhulu elivamile, futhi iphinde ikhiphe izikhali ezimpompompo eziqinile, izikhali eziqinile kanye nezikamele izikhali ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho, kanye nezinkulu kakhulu, iphinde izikhali ezikhona kanye nezinkulu kakhulu.[FT]

ISichibiyelo Sesithathu

ISichibiyelo sesithathu sinqabela ukufakwa kwengxenye yesine yamasosha emakhayeni abantu ngaphandle kwemvume yomniniyo, futhi ngesikhathi sempi kuphela njengoba kushiwo umthetho. Nakuba lesi sivumelwano siye sabangela ukuba kungabi nancazelo etheni, sibonakalisa ukukhathazeka okujulile koMsunguli kwamabutho amile nakukungenelwa kwamabutho ezempi ekuphileni okungabusosha − ukukhathalela okwabangelwa yizo ezibonelweni zamasosha aseBrithani ahlala eMelika ngempoqo phakathi nenkathi yamakoloni. ISiphendulo sesithathu siyisikhumbuzo esiphikelelayo sobuzwisasemthethweni obusemkhamulweni wamabutho empini nakubungcwele bekhaya elimelene nomthetho oweqalisi.

ISichibiyelo Sesine

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ilungelo labantu lokuvikeleka kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, kanye nemiphumela emelene nokuphenya okungacabangeli nokuquleka. Sinikeza futhi imvume yokuthi iSiphendulo sesine sizovela kuphela ngesizathu esingenzeka, sixhaswe isifungo noma ukuqinisekisa, futhi sichaze indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi abantu noma izinto ezizothathwa. Lokhu kulungiswa kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko somthetho esiyinhloko somuntu ngamunye sokugcinwa komthetho ngokuqashelwa komthetho ngokunganaki. INkanto ePhakathi ePhakamileyo ichaze iSiphendumiso sesine ukuze kufuneke ukuphekwa nokuquleka okuvame ukuqhutshwa kwe-pursuntsswa ngesizathu esilindelekile, okungakhokhwa okukhethekile okungaqondakaliyo, ukuphenywa kwemfundiso esobala, ukuphenywa kwezelelwe, ukuphenywa okusobala kwezimo ezisobala, ukuphenywa okusekelwe ekusondweni kwe-teknthrini. Emashumini eminyaka yamuva, iNkakhulu leminyaka i-GPGPS, ukuhlanganisa izingcizo ze-ma ye-ele, ukuva kwe-elensi ye-tensi ye

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu siqukethe izisivikelo eziningi ezihlukene kubantu, ikakhulukazi labo abamangalelwa ngobugebengu. Kudingeka ukuba amacala angathi sína kahulumeni aqalwe ngecala elikhulu labahluleli. Kuvimbela izingozi eziphindwe kabili", ukuzama ukuthatha icala elifanayo. Sivikela ekuphoqeleleni ukuphoqelelwa ukuthatha impahla yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokukhokha. Ilungelo elihambisana nokunikeza noma yikuphi ukudluliswa komthetho okungadingeka ukuba kunikeze ubufakazi obungakholeki obunganikezwa yikho. Iqinisekisa inqubo efanelekile yomthetho phambi kukahulumeni ingaphuca noma yimuphi umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla. Futhi ivimbela ukuthatha impahla ukuze kusetshenziswe inzuzo yomphakathi ngaphandle kokukhokhwanywa. I-galelo elikhona lisho ukuthi i-galelo elikhona lisekela izigwebo elivamile i-Mirna, okunguMnyango oluphakeme [Foctive] [5] futhi ukukhokhwazwa kwemiswe kwemisebe elivamile, njengoba kutholakala ezimweni ezingokokuyo.[19]

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha

ISihlaziyi seSithandathu siqinisekisa uchungechunge lwamalungelo ezigebengu: ukuqulwa kwecala okusheshayo nokusobala phambi kwejaji elingakhethi, esifundeni lapho ubugebengu benziwa khona; ilungelo lokutshelwa ngemvelo nembangela yalokhu kumangalelwa; ilungelo lokubhekana nofakazi abamelene nomthetho kanye ne-autrampane; ilungelo lokuphoqelela ofakazi abahle ngenqubo ephoqelelwe; nelungelo lokunikeza iseluleko esisebenzayo. Ilungelo lokunikeza iseluleko esibaluleke kakhulu. Gedeon v. UWainright [ [193], iNkanto engathi inkantolo ebanzi ifuna ukunikeza noma yisiphi isigwebo esingokomthetho sokuvinjelwa. [kungatsha okungakho kumele isigwebo sokugwetshwa kwecala esiqinile] [Foffinston]

ISichibiyelo Sesikhombisa

ISichibiyelo seSembete silondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala lejaji enkantolo yomphakathi emacaleni avamile lapho isamba sempikiswano singaphezu kwamaRandi angamashumi amabili. Futhi sinikeza ukuthi alikho iqiniso elizanywa yijaji elizophinde lihlolwe futhi kunoma iyiphi inkantolo kahulumeni kunemithetho yomthetho ovamile. Lokhu kulungisa kuveza inkolelo yabaQaphi yenkolelo yokuthi izinqumo zejaji ezicatsha ngecala lombango kufanele zihloniswe futhi ilungelo lejaji livike ekukhukhulekeni kwezindawo.

ISichibiyelo Sesishiyagalombili

ISichibiyelo Sesinxephezelo Sesishiyagalombili sivimbela ibheyili eqile, amahlawuli aweqile, nesijeziso esingavamile. Izijeziso ezinonya nezezingalo u-Claus beziyindaba yobugebengu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi emongweni wesigwebo sokufa nezimo zasejele. INkantolo Ephakeme iphethe ukuthi isigwebo sokufa asivumelani nezinqumo ezithile zezephulamthetho. Endaweni ethile zasejele, iNkantolo iye yakholelwa ukuthi ukungazinaki ngamabomu izingozi ezingathi sína zezelaphayo, abantu abanolwazi, nalabo abanezisulu ezikhubazekayo, nalabo ababoshwe ngecala elingemthetho, futhi abangezona isijeziso esingavamile. Inkantolo ibuye yamukela ukunakekela okungokwezinga elivamile, [ngeseNkakhulu] eNkantolo yeNkanto engathi i-Fograine. [4]

Izinqumo Zesi - 9 Nezeshumi

ISichibiyelo se-Ninth sithi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile kuMthetho-sisekelo ngeke kuthathwe njengokuphika noma ukuhlukanisa abanye abantu abahlala bekhona. Lokhu kulungisa kwaklanyelwa ukusingatha ukukhathazeka kokuthi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile kungagunyaza uhulumeni ukuba athathe amagunya anganqunyiwe. ISichibiyelo seshumi sinikeza amandla angabeki uhulumeni kahulumeni noma anqatshelwe emibuso ebekelwe imibuso ezindaweni noma kubantu. Zonke lezi zinguquko ziveza isimiso somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo sokuthi uhulumeni ungowokuhlukanisa futhi ulinganiselwe, kuyilapho abantu kanye nezithi baphethe i-garde yelungelo elingenamthetho owenzile nelomthetho.

Ngalé Kwencwadi Yamalungelo Abantu: Izinqumo Zokuvuselela Nezivikelo Zamuva

IBill of Rights ekuqaleni yasebenza kuhulumeni kahulumeni kuphela. Ukubekwa kweSichibiyelo se 14 seMpi yoNomkhathi kwawushintsha ngokuyisisekelo lo hlelo ngokunikeza ukuthi akukho mbuso ozovala amalungelo noma ukugoma kwezakhamuzi zase-United States, noma ukuncisha noma imuphi umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla engenayo inqubo efanelekile yomthetho, noma ukuphika noma ubani isivikelo esilinganayo semithetho. Ngemfundiso eyaziwayo njenge-udibition, iNkanto ePhakathi iNkathi Ephakeme isekela iMicimbi Yamalungelo engokomthetho esemthethweni nakuwo wonke amalungiselelo eMicimbini ye-Roctivessss (INguqulo Yezinguquko Ye-14). Lenqubo yokuhlanganisa yenzeka kancane kancane ngekhulu lama-20 futhi isho ukuthi, isivikelo somthetho wombuso wombuso nesembutho wombuso sisebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Isivikelo SikaClaus Esilinganayo

ISivikelo esilinganayo sika-Claus weSichibiyelo seshumi nane leMinyaka Ene singenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okubekela inselele ukucwasa kukahulumeni. Iyayala ukuthi akukho mbuso ozophika noma yimuphi umuntu onegunya lokuvikela imithetho efanayo. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yachaza ukuthi lo mbhalo ufuna ukuba uhulumeni aphathe abantu ngokufanayo abasendaweni efanayo, abangaphansi kokuhlola okuhlukahlukene okusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwendlela yokuhlela enqulwini. Ukuhlelwa okusekelwe ohlalweni kwezinhlanga, umsuka wesizwe, noma ukuphambuka kuthathelwe indiva eqinile futhi kuthathwe ngokungaqondakali. Izimo ezisekelwe eswini eziqondeneze ubulili noma ezingeni eliphansi. Ezinye izigaba zidinga isisekelo esinengqondo kuphela, isilinganiso esihloniphe kakhulu uhulumeni ngokuvamile u-Clauslast Clausleviuston, kuhlanganise nezimiso zomphakathi womphakathi wezembubhishoshone. [2][3][3]

Inqubo Ka - Claus Elindelekile

IziNguqulo zeNkathi yesihlanu neyeshumi nane zombili ziqukethe i-Sikhawulo sika-Celass i-Actives, inikeza ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke aphuce noma yimuphi umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaveza imicu emibili ehlukene yenqubo evikelayo. Inqubo efanelekile idinga ukuba uhulumeni alandele izinqubo ezilungile ngaphambi kokuba anciphe umuntu lezi zithakazelo, ngokuvamile kuhlanganise nethuba lokumukelwa ngesikhathi esinengqondo nangendlela enengqondo. Inqubo efanelekile edingayo, imfundiso ephikisa kakhulu, ibambe ukuthi amalungelo athile ayisisekelo asekelwe kakhulu emlandweni wesizwe nakukhohlakalo lokusebenzisa inqubo elungile yokuzilawula, inqubo engokomthetho engokomthetho engokomthetho. Izaziwayo izikhulu zikahulumeni ezingokomthetho zihlanganisa ilungelo elingokomthetho lokushada, ukuqondisa ukuqondisa ukukhokhasa, ukukhokha kwemfundo yelungelo, nokuqondisa kobuqotho, ukusebenzisa inqubo elungile, futhi neyokusetshenziswa yiyo, yezenkambiso engokomthetho yomphakathi.

Ukusakaza Izinqumiso Zamalungelo Abantu

Izinguquko eziningi zomthetho-sisekelo zivimbela ngokuqondile ilungelo lokuvota. ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesihlanu senqabela ukuncishwa kwevoti esekelwe ngokohlanga, imibala, noma isimo sangaphambili sobugqila. ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalo sinqabela ukuphikwa kwevoti esekelwe ebulilini. ISichibiyelo samashumi amabili nane sesine seSichibiyelo seSisimende sivimbela ukukhokha intela yokuvota nezinye izinhlobo zokuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kokuvota okusekelwe emalini. ISichibiyelo semali sesihlanu seSigqi se-Prente (intshi) sinweba ilungelo lokuvota izakhamuzi iminyaka engu-18 yobudala nangaphezulu. Lezi ziveza izimiso zokuvikela ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota liyisisekelo futhi umthetho umele ukumiswa kwemithetho ye-Overtivement, nakuba kunezinquluko ze-Cheversethiwerst [3] izinqulution:[3] zasetshenziswa yizinguquko ezingokomthetho zokuthi [zinnyuko] [zinyuko] ukuze kusetshenziswe u-unyulonyuko]

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nantathu

ISichibiyelo seshumi nantathu, esagunyazwa ngo-1865, saqeda ubugqila nokugqilazwa ngaphandle kwesijeziso sobugebengu. Sihlukile phakathi kweziNguquko zokuvuselelwa kwemithetho yezomthetho ngoba sisebenza ekuziphatheni kwabantu kanye nasendleleni kahulumeni, sinikeza isisekelo somthetho-sisekelo sokwenqabela ukuziphatha kobuhlanga kwangasese okuwuphawu lwebheji noma isenzakalo sobugqila. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yakholelwa ukuthi iSiphendulo seshumi Nesithathu sigunyaza iSishaya - mthetho sokwenqabela ukucwasana kwempahla ngasese, ukugcinwa kwesivumelwano, nezinye izindawo zokuphila komphakathi, nakuba izinga lalobuhlanga liye labekwa impikiswano enkulu.

Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Yesibalo Ekufundeni Okuphathelene Nomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuqonda isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo akuyona nje indaba edinga ulwazi olufinyelelwe. Kuyimfuneko esebenzayo ukuze umuntu abe yizakhamuzi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Imfundo yama-COVIVIC ifeza indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu bawazi amalungelo abo futhi bayawaqonda ukuthi bangawasebenzisa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo. Uma izakhamuzi zingaqapheli ukuthi zivikelekile kumthetho - sisekelo, zisengozini kakhulu yokuba lawo malungelo aphucwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwazo noma zingazi ukuthi zingenza inselele esemthethweni. Umuntu ongazi ukuthi zinelungelo lokuthula azikwazi ukuwasho. Umuntu ongaqondi ukuthi zinelungelo lokuzi ukuthi azikho ukukhululeka ekuphenyeni okungenangqondo angeke avume noma alahle ngokunengqondo. Umuntu ongazi ukuthi unelungelo lokucela iseluleko.

Izikole, izinhlangano zomphakathi, namaqembu omphakathi konke kunesabelo sokuthuthukisa ukufundwa komthetho-sisekelo. Izinqolobane zesizwe zinikeza imithombo yemfundo ebanzi eMthethweni nasemlandweni wawo. ISikolo solwazi eCornell Law School [ inikeza inguquko ebanzi, ehlolwayo yoMthetho-sisekelo ehlangene nezinqumiso zeNkanto engathi i-Cunistments. Izinhlangano ezinjengeBill of Rights Institute ne-Constitution Resolution Foundation zithuthukisa iziteko zemfundo yemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo nezenhlalo yezemfundo yomphakathi ezivame ukusekela izenzakalo zoSuku loMthetho kanye nezinye izikompoqokozo zomphakathi. Izizwe kufanele zithathe inzuzo kulezi zibonelelo ezisezingeni ezisezingeni ezisezingeni eziqhubekayo.

Isivikelo somthetho-mthetho asikona ukuzinquma. Kudingeka izivumelwano eziqinile zezakhamuzi eziziqondayo, ezizazisayo, futhi ezizimisele ukuzivikela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi ngokuphathelene nencazelo namalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, ukusekela izinhlangano ezisekela inkululeko yomphakathi, ukuvota abazohlolwa abahlonipha izimiso zomthetho-mthetho, nokukhonza enkantolo lapho bebizwa. [FULD]] Fudérary Judiary’s process [ inikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngendlela isimiso senkantolo esivikela ngayo amalungelo omthetho-mthetho wezwe nendlela izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngayo kuleso simiso.

Izinyathelo Ezisebenzayo Zokuvikela Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo

Ukwazi isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo wakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukusivikela kudinga umzamo wamabomu. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo eziwusizo isakhamuzi ngasinye esingazithatha ukuze silondoloze amalungelo aso omthetho - sisekelo kanye nawezakhamuzi ezikanye naso.

Hlala Uwazi Ngamalungelo Akho

Umthetho womthetho-mthetho ushintsha njengoba iNkantolo ePhakeme inquma ukuthi amacala amasha ashintshile futhi njengoba izimo zezenhlalo zishintsha. Isivikelo iNkantolo eyasiqaphela izolo singaba yisingcingo noma sinwetshwe kusasa. Izakhamuzi kufanele zenze umkhuba wokufunda ngezinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme ezibalulekile nokuqonda ukuthi zithinta kanjani ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Imithombo yezindaba ethembekile, izingosi ezingokomthetho ezibhalwe izazi zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, nezincwadi ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge-American Civil Liberties Union neCato Institute zinikeza ukuhlaziywa ngokufinyeleleka komthetho wemithetho.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuxoxisaneni Komphakathi

Izimiso zomthetho ezivikelayo azizona nje izimfundiso ezingekho emthethweni, zinemiphumela yangempela kubantu abangokoqobo emiphakathini engokoqobo. Ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni zomphakathi ngenkululeko yomphakathi, ukuya emihlanganweni kahulumeni, nokuhlanganyela nezikhulu zomphakathi ngemithetho nezimiso ezihlongozwayo kuyizindlela zokusebenzisa izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo. Uma izakhamuzi zikhuluma ngezinkathazo zazo, zisebenzisa amalungelo azo okuQonda nokusiza ekuthuthukiseni indawo engokomthetho ezihlala kuyo.

Yazi Indlela Yokuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Izishaya-mthetho nezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zivame ukucabangela umthetho ohlanganisa amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo. Ukwazi ukuthi ungathintana kanjani nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe ukuze baveze imibono yakho ngomthetho onjalo kuyikhono elibalulekile lomphakathi. Ukubhala, ukubiza, noma ukuthuma iposi kubameleli bakho kuvikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala sika Claus, futhi kungenza umehluko wangempela endleleni izishayamthetho ezivota ngayo. USUSA.gov ukhodi lwencwadi lwezincwadi [[ lunikeza ukwaziswa komphakathi okhethiwe, futhi kunemithombo efanayo ekhona kuhulumeni nabameleli bendawo.

Izincwadi Nemibiko Kuphazanyiswa Amalungelo

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo aphulwe, bhala isenzakalo ngokuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Qaphela usuku, isikhathi, indawo, kanye nobuni bezikhulu zikahulumeni ezihilelekile. Bhala phansi lokho okwashiwo futhi kwenziwa lapho imininingwane isengqondweni yakho isanda kuvuleka. Gcina noma yibuphi ubufakazi obungokoqobo noma obungokwemidwebo. Libika ukwephulwa kwezezimali zenhlangano ezingokwezezimali ezisemkhakheni, enhlanganweni yamalungelo abantu, noma kummeli owesazi umthetho wemithetho engokomthetho. Ukuphula umthetho okuningi kuyaphela ngenxa nje yokuthi izisulu azikwazi ukuzibika noma ukuthi zingazitholi isiqinisekiso esidingekayo sokufuna ukuvuma.

Fundisa Abanye

Enye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvikela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo iwukufundisa abanye ngawo. Khuluma namalungu omkhaya, abangane, omakhelwane, nozakwabo ngoMthetho-sisekelo kanye nesivikelo sawo. Hlanganisana nemithombo enokwethenjelwa nokwaziswa. Uma uzwa othile eveza ukungaqondi ngelungelo lomthetho-sisekelo − njengokungaqondi okuvamile ukuthi iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivimbela iziteshi eziyimfihlo ekuhleleni izinto ezikuqukethe. .

Izinhlangano Ezisekela Ukukhululeka Kwabantu

Izinhlangano eziningi ezingafaki nzuzo zinikezelwe ukuvikela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ngeligigation, ukubhalisa, nemfundo yomphakathi. Inkululeko yangaphakathi yaseMelika [i-American Literancesties Union isingatha amacala ahilela zonke izici ze-Bill of Rights. Inhlangano yeJaji igxila ekwanelisekeni kwezomnotho, amalungelo empahla, nenkululeko yokukhuluma. INhlangano ye-National Rifle's Civil Rights Defense Fundalidies Fest Comment Aclinement Amentmentmentmentmentsss. Isekela izinhlangano ezinjalo, kungaba ngeminikelo, ngemisebenzi yezisebenzi zokuzithandela, noma ngokumane nje idlulisa imiyalezo yazo, ithinta imingcele yemizamo yabantu yokuvikela isivikelo somthetho-mthetho.

Hlanganyela Enqubweni Yokwahlulela

Ukukhonza ejajini lapho kubizwa kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuhlanganyela esimisweni somthetho-sisekelo. Abaqondisi bangamaqiniso kokubili ezicabeni zobugebengu nezezakhamuzi, futhi indima yabo ibalulekile ekuqinisekisweni kwezesiThathu neSikhawulo seSichibiyelo seMithelela yokuqulwa kwejaji. Izakhamuzi kufanele zithathe inkonzo yamajaji ngokungathi sína futhi zizifundise ngezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezisebenza emacaleni eziwalalelayo. Ngokufanayo, izakhamuzi ezinolwazi lwamaqiniso ahlobene esimweni esithile kufanele zisabele uma zibhekwa njengofakazi, njengoba inqubo ephoqelelwe ukuba ivikelwe ngokufanele iSiphendulo Sesithupha.

Isiphetho

Isivikelo somthetho-mthetho siyisisekelo esingokomthetho nesokuziphatha senkululeko yaseMelika. Kusuka enkululekweni yokukhuluma ingqondo yomuntu ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela kuhulumeni ukuba akhululeke ekufuneni okungenangqondo nasekuqulekeni, kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwesivikelo esifanayo ngaphansi komthetho kuya elungelweni lokuvota ngaphandle kobandlululo, lezi zivikelo zichaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba isakhamuzi sase-United States. Ayiziphiwa uhulumeni; ayimalungelo efaniswayo aqashelwayo uMthetho-sisekelo owamukelayo futhi uvikele ekuphathweni uhulumeni.

Ukuvikela lamalungelo kudinga okungaphezu kokwazisa okungenamsebenzi. Ngokuhlala abantu benolwazi, bebophana, futhi bezimisele ukukhuluma lapho isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo sisongelwa. Isizukulwane ngasinye sizuza uMthetho-sisekelo futhi kumelwe sinqume ukuthi sizolondoloza futhi siqinise isivikelo saso noma sizosivumela ukuba sikhukhuleke ngokunganaki nangokunganaki. Ukukhetha kungokungabantu. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, behlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi, bebheka uhulumeni njengolandisa, futhi befundisa izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo, izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo esiye sasekela ukubusa kwentando yeningi yaseMelika emakhulwini amabili eminyaka siyaqhubeka sivikela inkululeko nobulungisa kubo bonke.