ISichibiyelo sesine soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States simisa isivikelo esiyisisekelo sokumelana nomthetho oqashelwayo: ilungelo labantu lokulondeka kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, nemiphumela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqulekeni. Nakuba lesisivikelo siyisisekelo senkululeko yaseMelika, ukwazi ukuthi ungaqaphela kanjani lapho usetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kungaba yinselele ezimpikiswaneni zangempela zokugcinwa komthetho. Lesi sihloko sinikeza amacebiso asebenzayo okukusiza uqonde ukuthi amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sesine avikelwa futhi asabela kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuzi ukuthi uyakwazi ukugcina isikhathi sakho somuntu siqu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi noma ikuphi ukuhlola noma ukuquleka okukhona okuwehlelayo kungokomthetho futhi kuyathethelelwa.

Ukuqonda Isichibiyelo Sesine

ISichibiyelo sesine asikwenqabeli ukusesha nokuquleka, kuphela lokho okungu okungenangqondo. Umbhalo ngokwawo ufundeka kanje: "Ilungelo labantu lokulondeka kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, nemiphumela, ukuphenya okungacabangeli nokuquleka, futhi akukho mkhosi ozophazanyiswa, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukuchaza indawo okumelwe iphenywe, nabantu noma izinto ezimelwe zithathwe." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphenywa noma ukuquleka, kumelwe kusekelwe ebufakazini obunikezwa ngesizathu esifanelekile, noma ukuhluleka, ngaphandle kwesizathu esikhethekile.

Ukuqonda amagama ayinhloko "phenya" no"ukwethulwa" kubalulekile. Ukuseshwa kwenzeka lapho uhulumeni ephazamisa ukuma komuntu okunengqondo kokufuna ukuba wedwa. Ukuphangwa kwempahla kwenzeka uma kukhona ukuphazanyiswa okunengqondo kwesithakazelo somuntu kuleyompahla. Ukuthatheka komuntu (ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "misa" noma "ukwehlisa"""""" kuthatha indawo lapho umuntu onengqondo engeke azizwe ekhululekile ukuphuma kuleso senzakalo.

Lokho Okubangela Ukufuna

Ngaphansi kwencazelo yeNkantolo Ephakeme, ngokuvamile kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuyenzeka ukuphehlwa komthetho lapho umuntu egxambukela endaweni lapho ukulindela okunengqondo kwendawo yemfihlo [. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhaya lakho, imoto yakho (ngokwezinga elincane), isikhwama sakho noma isikhwama sakho, kanye nemishini yakho yobuchwepheshe. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezibonwayo zamaphoyisa ezisesandleni esisobala, ezifana nezinto ezingekho emthethweni ezisesihlalo semoto esibonakalayo ngaphandle kwe-"atlet orgat ngenxa yokuthi akukho kulindele yimfihlo esobala.

Lokho Okubangela Ukunganeliseki

Ukuthatheka kwakho kwenzeka lapho iphoyisa lisebenzisa amandla noma igunya ukukuvimbela, futhi umuntu onengqondo esimweni sakho ngeke azizwe ekhululekile ukuphuma. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nangaphandle kokuzithiba ngokomzimba, ngokwesibonelo, uma isikhulu sivala indlela yakho, sikuyala ukuba ume, noma sibangele umoya obandayo. Ukuqonda uma u "wenziwe" kugxeka ngoba kubangela iSiphendulo sesine nemfuneko yokusola okunengqondo noma imbangela.

Ukuqaphela Ukucwaninga Okufanele Nezinto Ezingakhanyi

Esinye sezimpawu ezicacile zokuthi amalungelo eSichibiyelo sakho sesine avikelwa lapho izikhulu zomthetho zinikeza isiqinisekiso sokufuna ngaphambi kokusesha. Imvume kumelwe ikhishwe imajistamentshisi, ngokusekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekile, futhi kumelwe ichaze ngokukhethekile indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi izinto zithathwe. Uma izikhulu zikubonisa isiqinisekiso esihlangabezana nale mithetho bese ziqhubeka ziphenyela kuphela phakathi kwaleyo ndima yemvume, amalungelo akho kungenzeka ayahlonishwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphenya okufanelekile nokuquleka kuvame ukuhambisana nencazelo ecacile yegunya nenjongo yabaphathi. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuma kwezimoto, isikhulu kufanele sichaze ukuthi kungani sikudonsa futhi silinganisele isikhathi sokuma ngenjongo yokwephulwa komthetho kwasekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokuba siqale ukusola okunengqondo ngenye imisebenzi yobugebengu. Uma izikhulu zilandela izinqubo ezingokomthetho zokwenza imvume ngaphambi kokuhlola imoto yakho noma impahla yakho, kunokuba zifune ukungena.

Imfuneko Yempi

I-Warrant iyindinganiso yegolide yeSichibiyelo sesine sokulalela iSichibiyelo. Bafuna ukuba umthetho ubeke ubufakazi kumahluleli futhi uthole imvume yokwahlulela ngaphambi kokuba ungene eseseni somuntu siqu. Uma imvume ikhona, kucatshangwa ukuthi ilungile, uma ihlala ngaphakathi kwendinganiso. Kufanele ubuze ukubona isiqinisekiso futhi usifunde ngokucophelela. Uma imvume isho ukuthi izikhulu zingasesha ekhaya lakho ukuze zifune amaelectronic, azinakukwazi ukuphenya ngokusemthethweni ngamaphephandaba akho siqu noma amafayili emiyalezo yamanani ngaphandle kokuba zivele ngaphansi kombono ovamile.

Abahlukanisiwe Abangenalo Iqhawe

Nakuba kukhethwa izivumelwano, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela okuningana okungavumela ukuphenywa okungagunyaziwe nokuquleka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukwazi lokhu kuhlukile kukusiza ukuba uqonde lapho ukuphenya ngaphandle komthetho kusavunyelwe:

  • I-conect:[ Uma uvuma ngokuzithandela ukusesha, izikhulu azidingi isiqinisekiso. Nokho, unelungelo lokwenqaba imvume, futhi ukwenqaba kwakho akunakusetshenziswa njengobufakazi becala.
  • [ Izimo ezingathi shubi: Uma kukhona usongo olusheshayo ekuphileni, ingozi yobufakazi bokubhujiswa, noma ukuphishekelwa komsoleki obalekayo, izikhulu zingase zifune ngaphandle kwemvume.
  • [ Sesha Ithuba lokuboshwa: Ngemva kokuboshwa ngokomthetho, izikhulu zingahlola umuntu wakho nendawo ofika kuyo ngokushesha (indawo efinyelelwe") ukuze uthole izikhali noma ubufakazi.
  • Umbono oPlain: Uma isikhulu sikhona ngokomthetho endaweni futhi sibona uphazamiso noma ubufakazi ngombono ocacile, bangasithatha ngaphandle kwemvume.
  • [[UKRAFT:0] Imoto Ehamba ngokuzenzekela: Ngenxa yokunciphiswa kwethemba lokufihla imoto ezimotweni nokuhamba kwazo, izikhulu zingasesha imoto uma kungenzeka ukuthi inembangela, ngisho noma ingenamvume.
  • Ukuma ne Frisk: Uma isikhulu sisola ngokunengqondo ukuthi uhlomile futhi uyingozi, bangathatha ibhakede lezingubo zakho zangaphandle ukuze basebenzise izikhali.

Uma uphenya kuwela ngaphansi kwenye yalezi zindawo ezihlukile, amalungelo akho asavikelwa ngoba i-parency isemthethweni. Nokho, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi izikhulu zinezizathu ezingokoqobo (ngokwesibonelo, uma zithi zinezimo ezizinhle, qaphela incazelo yazo nokuthi ibonakala ilungile yini.

Ukwazi Lapho Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Ukwephulwa kweSichibiyelo sesine kwenzeka lapho ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuthatha ukuseshwa noma ukuphangwa ngaphandle kwemvume esebenzayo. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokwephulwa kungakusiza ukuba uzivikele futhi kamuva ubeke inselele ezenzweni ezingekho emthethweni. Amafulegi abomvu avamile ahlanganisa:

  • Hlola ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, incwadi, noma into ehlukile eqashelwayo.
  • Izikhulu ezenqabayo ukubonisa incwadi lapho zibuzwa.
  • Izinhloso ezithatha isikhathi eside kunalokho okudingekile ngenjongo yokuqala (isib., ukuma kwezimoto kwadlulela ngalé kwesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe ithikithi ngaphandle kokusola okunengqondo).
  • Ukufuna izindawo ezingaphezu kakhulu kwemvume (isib., amabhokisi ahluliwe angabhaliwe encwadini egunyazwayo).
  • Ukusebenzisa amandla eqile lapho uphenywa noma uquleka.

Amalungelo akho ayaphulwa futhi uma izikhulu zihlola ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwakho amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, njengokwenqaba ukuvuma noma ukucela ummeli. Unelungelo lokuthula nelungelo lokwenqaba ukuphenya. Uma ujeziswa ngokusebenzisa lamalungelo, lokho kuwuphawu oluqinile lokwephulwa.

Izenzakalo Ezivamile Zokwephula Okungase Kwephulwe

Ezinye izimo lapho ufaka umthetho ezinkingeni zivame khona ukubangela izinkinga zomthetho - sisekelo.

Izimoto Ziyama

Uma isikhulu sibuza ukuthi, “Uyathanda yini uma ngibuka? ” Ungayeka ngesizotha. Uma bengenaso isisoli esinengqondo sobugebengu obengeziwe (njengensangu enukayo noma ukubona impova), abanakuyiphenya ngokomthetho imoto yakho ngaphandle kwemvume yakho noma imvume. Uma isikhulu sibuza ukuthi, "Uyakhathazeka uma ngiyibuka? Ungayeka. Uma beqhubeka, lokho kungaba ukwephula ngaphandle kokuba basho ukuthi bayazi ukuthi bayimbangela ethile.

Ukuhlola Kwasekhaya

Ikhaya lakho linesivikelo esiphezulu seSichibiyelo sesine. Ngaphandle kokuba izikhulu zigunyazwe, imvume, noma izimo ezizwakalayo, azinakungena ekhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume. Uma zingqongqoza futhi zifuna ukungena, ungaqinisa ilungelo lakho lokuthi cha. Uma zingena ngaphandle kwemvume futhi ngaphandle komcimbi, noma ibuphi ubufakazi ezingabuthola bungavinjelwa enkantolo.

Izisetshenziswa zezinombolo

ISichibiyelo sesine sisebenza kumakhalekhukhwini, amalaptop nezinye izingcingo ezisetshenziswayo. Izikhulu zeNkantolo Ephakeme ziphethe ukuthi izikhulu zidinga imvume yokufuna ucingo, ngisho noma ucingo lubambeke ukuze uboshe (Riley v. California). Uma isikhulu sifuna ukuba ubhale umbhalo wakho noma siqale ukubhala ama-imeyili akho ngaphandle kwemvume, lokho cishe kuwukwephula.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okuvikela Amalungelo Akho

Kudingeka uthathe isinyathelo esizolile, uqaphele. Nawa amacebiso awusizo ongawasebenzisa lapho ubhekene neSichibiyelo sesine:

Lapho Amaphoyisa Ehlangana

  • Cela i-Warrant: Uma izikhulu zibonisa ukuthi zifisa ukusesha ikhaya lakho, imoto, noma impahla, zibuze ngokuqondile: "Unemvume?" Uma zithi cha, ungasho ukuthi: "Angivumi ukusesha." Lokhu kulondoloza ilungelo lakho lokuhlola kamuva.
  • Ukucela ukuhlanganisa kanye nombhalo: buza ngokuhloniphekile ukubona ibheji lesikhulu nesiqinisekiso uma sishiwo. Funda incwadi ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isayinwe yijaji futhi uchaze indawo yokuhlola ngokuqondile.
  • [[QUMT: 0] Hlala uzolile futhi ubeke izandla zakho: gcina izandla zakho zibonakala, khuluma ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, futhi ulahle ngokucacile kodwa ngenhlonipho imvume uma ungafuni ukuphenyiswa. Ukuthi "Angivumi ukuphenya" kungcono kunokulalela noma ukuphikisana okungagunyazi.
  • Ukuveza amalungelo akho ngokuqedisisa: Uma uboshiwe, ungasho ukuthi: "Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula nelungelo lami kummeli." Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile ukuma kwakho futhi kungavimbela ukubuzana okwengeziwe.
  • Ungaphikisi ngokomzimba: Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphulwa, ungalwi ngokomzimba noma uphenye. Ukumelana nomthetho kungaholela ekumangalelweni okwengeziwe nasekulimaleni okungokomzimba. Kunalokho, yibhaleni futhi inselele ngezindlela ezingokomthetho kamuva.

Ukubhala Indaba

  • Uqophe i-Universal: Ezifundazweni eziningi, unelungelo lokuqopha amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo obala. Sebenzisa ucingo lwakho ukuthatha ividiyo nomsindo, kodwa yenza kanjalo ngokushelela nangokuphepha. Lobu bufakazi bungaba bukhulu ekufakazeleni ukwephulwa.
  • Thatha amanothi ngokushesha ngemva: Bhala phansi amagama ezikhulu, izinombolo zamabheji, izinombolo zemoto, nenhlangano eziyimele. Khuphela isikhathi, usuku, indawo, nencazelo eningiliziwe yalokho okwenzekayo (kuhlanganise nanoma yiziphi izinkulumo ezenziwe izikhulu.
  • [ Ukwaziswa koFakazi:[ Uma ababukeli bebukele ukuhlangana, cela ukwaziswa kothintana nabo. Ama-akhawunti oFakazi angaqinisekisa ukuguqula kwakho kwezenzakalo.

Okumelwe Ukwenze Uma Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi umthetho uphoqelelwe ukwephula amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sesine, unezinqumo eziningana ezingokomthetho. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza ubufakazi nokuthintana nommeli onolwazi. Ungaphikisani nezikhulu kulokhu kuhlola, kodwa ungalindeli ukumiswa okungokomthetho.

Ukuzama Ukucindezela

Uma kutholakala ubufakazi ngokufuna okungagunyaziwe noma ukuthatheka, ummeli wakho angafaka amandla okucindezela lobufakazi. Ngaphansi komthetho wokuhlukanisa, ubufakazi obutholakala ephulweni kweSichibiyelo sesine ngokuvamile abukho enkantolo. Lomthetho, osungulwe eMap v. Ohio, usebenza ekwahluleleni kwezwe nasembusweni wezwe. Ukucindezela ngempumelelo kungaholela ekuncipheni izikhala noma ekulahleni isigwebo.

Ukuhlangana Ne - Attorney

Umthetho womthetho-mthetho uyinkimbinkimbi futhi ucacile. Ukuhlola ummeli wesigebengu osebenza ngezindaba zeSichibiyelo sesine kubucayi. Bangakululeka ngokuthi amalungelo akho aphulwa yini, ahlole amandla okucindezelwa, futhi akumele enkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni zomphakathi, ungase ube nezizathu zokumangalela ukulinyazwa ngaphansi kuka-42 U.S.C. ngo-1934 ngenxa yokuphenya nokuquleka okungacabangeli.

Ukukhononda

Ungafaka futhi isikhalo esingokomthetho nenhlangano eqapha umthetho ehilelekile noma emabhodini abaphathi abavamile. Nakuba lokhu kungaphumeli ekutholeni usizo olusheshayo olungokomthetho, kungaholela ekuhlolweni kwangaphakathi nasekushintsheni kwezimiso.

Imivuzo Yangaphandle Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe

Ukuze uqonde ngokujule kakhulu iSichibiyelo sesine namalungelo akho, hlola imithombo enegunya yangaphandle. [[FLT:] I-Cornell Legal Information Institute inikeza ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe kweSine Isichibiyeli seMiphetho Yesine. [ Inkululeko yamaMelika e-Literank (ACLU)[FLT] [FLT]] inikeza iziqondiso ezisebenzayo ekuxhumaneni namaphoyisa futhi ivikele amalungelo akho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, [[[FLT]] izinqulumo zeNkanto ezimweni ezifana noRiley. California v. California kanye noCarpenternev. United States ibonisa indlela inqubo yesine esebenza ngayo kwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda lapho amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sesine evikelwa kuyikhono elisebenzayo elidinga ulwazi lomthetho, ukuqaphela indawo okuyo, kanye nokuqiniseka kokuqinisa amalungelo akho ngomoya ophansi. Ngokucela imvume, ngokunqaba ukuvuma uma kufanelekile, nangokubhala izenzakalo, ungasekela isivikelo somthetho esivikela imfihlo yakho nokulondeka. Khumbula ukuthi iSichibiyelo sesine asiyona nje imfundiso engokomthetho, kuyisihlaselo esiphilayo ekumelaneni namandla kahulumeni. Ungaphaphaphakanyiswa, hlala uqaphile, futhi ufune iseluleko esingokomthetho lapho usola amalungelo akho.