Ukuqonda Isimiso Somthetho: Isiqondiso Sesakhamuzi Esiphelele

Imithetho yakha cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla cishe kusukela esivinini esilinganisweni sokuhamba kwakho ekuseni ukuya ezintela ezikhungweni zeholo lakho ezisuswe eshekeshini lemali nasemoyeni ophefumulayo. Nokho izakhamuzi eziningi zithola inqubo yezomthetho ifinyele, yesabisa, noma imane ingabalulekanga ekukhathazekeni kwazo kwansuku zonke. Lesiqondiso sihlukanisa ngobunkimbinkimbi bendlela isimiso somthetho esisebenza ngayo, esiphethe amandla, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi (hhhhhhkahle ungayithonya ngayo imithetho ebusa umphakathi wakini.)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumvoti wokuqala, umhleli womphakathi, noma umuntu ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi isikweleti siba umthetho kanjani, ukwaziswa lapha kuzokunika imephu esebenzayo yokuhlanganyela nohulumeni wakho. Isimiso sokushaya umthetho sikhona ukuhumushela umphakathi kuyo, kodwa leyo nguqulo isebenza kuphela lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda lenqubo futhi zihlanganyela kuyo.

Isimiso Sezimiso Zomthetho

Izikhulu eziningi zesizwe nesifundazwe zilandela enye yezimo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokwakha: unicameral (igumbi elilodwa) noma i-bamaral (amagumbi amabili). i-United States Congress, iPhalamende le-United Kingdom, nePhalamende laseNdiya zonke zisebenzisa izimiso ze-bidamaral, kanti i-Nebraska nemikhandlu eminingi yamadolobha isebenza ngegumbi elilodwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-hulumeni wakho usebenzisa yindlela yokuqala yokwazi ukuthi uphi amandla.

Izimiso Ze - bidameral: Izigungu Ezimbili, Izindima Ezimbili

Kuyi-bidaral, amagumbi amabili asebenza imisebenzi ehlukene kodwa evumelanayo. Indlu ephansi (ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi iNdlu yabameleli, iNdlu yamaKhorali, noma i House of Commons(is) ngokuvamile inkulu futhi iklanyelwe ukumelela inani labantu ngokwesilinganiso. Amalungu asebenza amagama amafushane futhi abhekene nombono owengeziwe, okwenza athathe umbono womphakathi ngokushintsha.

Indlu ephezulu `Indlu yeSigele', indlu yamaLords, noma umzimba ofanayo ("indlu)) ukuze ibe mincane futhi ibe nesizotha. Iziphathi zivame ukusebenzisa amagama amade futhi zimelela izindawo zendawo kunokuba zimelele abantu ngokuqondile. Le sakhiwo saklanyelwe ukunciphisa inqubo yokushaya umthetho, siphoqelele abenzi bemithetho ukuba bacabangele umthetho ngokucophelela kunokuba bathathe imizwelo yomphakathi yesikhashana.

Ngokwesibonelo, iSigele sase-United States sinikeza izinyunyana ezimbili zesifundazwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini inani labantu, kuyilapho iNdlu yabameleli ibeka izihlalo ezisekelwe emphakathini wombuso ngamunye. Lokhu kwakha isimiso lapho kokubili amazwe amakhulu namancane enomfakela obalulekile emthethweni kahulumeni. Imiphumela esebenzayo iwukuthi imali kumelwe iqhubeke ihlolwa ngokwezimo zezombangazwe ezimbili ezihlukene kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ibe umthetho.

Izimiso Ezingahambi Ngomsila: Igebe Elinamanzi Kodwa Lihlelwe

I-Nebraska ilokhu iyiyo kuphela ezwelodwa eline-uncameral, futhi okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo kunikeza izifundo eziwusizo. Isimiso esisodwa se-chamber sisusa isidingo sezindleko zokudlula eziminyameni ezimbili ezihlukene, ezingasheshisa inqubo yomthetho futhi zinciphise amathuba okuvimbela. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi izimiso ze-uncameral zibonakala kakhulu ngoba izakhamuzi zingalandelela kalula intuthuko yemali ngendikimba eyodwa. Abagxeki bangaphikisa ngokuthi ukuntula kwekamelo lesibili lokuhlola kungaholela ekufakeni imithetho ebhalwe ngokungalindelekile.

Izimiso Zamakomiti: Lapho Umsebenzi Wangempela Wenzeka Khona

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isishaya-mthetho sinegumbi elilodwa noma amabili, umsebenzi wangempela wokuhlela, ukubukeza, nokulungisa umthetho uyenzeka emakomitini. Izishaya-mthetho eziningi zihlukanisa umsebenzi wazo phakathi kwamakomiti aneziqu zezikhulu. /Izimemezelo, Iziphakamiso, Impilo neNkonzo Yobuntu, Izokuthutha, njalonjalo. La makomiti athola izikweletu ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Imali evamile ingabhekiselwa ekomitini ngokushesha ngemva kokuthulwa. Ikomiti ingaba nokuqulwa kwamacala lapho ochwepheshe, abameleli, nezakhamuzi ezithintekile zifaka khona ubufakazi. Khona - ke amalungu eKomiti aphikisana ngokuthi iziphi izinguquko futhi avote ukuthi angathumela yini isikweleti egumbini eligcwele. Isihlalo sekomiti (ilungu leqembu) ngokuvamile linamandla aphawulekayo okuthola izikweletu ezizwakalayo futhi ezifa ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi ikomiti elinegunya enkundleni ozinakekela ngayo kungezinye zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuhlasela imizamo yakho yokuzingeniswa kwezincwadi.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Ukusuka Engqondweni Kuya EMthethweni

Uhambo lwemali esukela embonweni kuya komunye umthetho lude futhi lugcwele ihluleka. Kuhulumeni, cishe amaphesenti amane kuphela ezikweletu eziqalayo aqala ukuba umthetho. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokusinda alivamile ukudlula amaphesenti angu-20. Ukuqonda le nqubo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani izinguquko ezinkulu zemithetho zingathatha iminyaka phela futhi kungani izindaba zokuzimela okuqhubekayo, okunenzuzo.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Isingeniso Nesici Esincane

Noma iliphi ilungu lenhlangano yemithetho lingaqala isikweleti. Ngokwesiko, izikweleti eziningi ziboshelwa ngenzuzo ephawulekayo evela emaqenjini enzalo, amanxusa amagatsha aphethe noma izisebenzi zezenyunyana. Uma sezabelo zikhona, ibhodi lemali yabelwe inani, inyatheliswe, futhi ibhekiselwe ekomitini elifanele esekelwe endabeni yayo. Ezimisweni ze-bidamaral, isikweleti siqala egumbini lapho umxhasi wayo esebenza khona; isimemezelo esifanayo sivame ukusungulwa kanye kwelinye igumbi ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi.

Kuleliqophelo, isambathiso asinagunya elingokomthetho. Simane nje siyisicelo esilindele ukucabangela. Izikweleti eziningi azihambi ngalé kwaleliqophelo. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku- Conreg.gov, izikweleti ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 000 ziyaqala phakathi nesimiso ngasinye sengqungquthela yeminyaka emibili, kodwa ezingaphansi kuka-500 ziba umthetho. Izindlela ezifanayo zibambe izishaya-mthetho, lapho umqulu wezingeniso ungashayisa.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukucabangela Kwamakomiti

Ukubukeza kwekomiti kubhekwa kabanzi njengesigaba esibaluleke kakhulu senqubo ye-avigition. Ikomiti ingase ifune ukuqulwa kwamacala ukuze kuqoqwe ukwaziswa, imemeze ubufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe nabafaka izivumelwano, futhi kuhlongozwe ukulungisa okuhlongozwayo. Leli ngokuvamile ithuba elingcono kakhulu ngezakhamuzi ukuba zithonye umthetho, ngoba amakomiti mancane, afinyeleleka kakhulu, futhi agxile kakhulu kunegumbi eligcwele.

Ngemva kokuzwa nokuvota, amavoti ekomiti. Uma isikweleti sivunyelwe, kubikwa egumbini eligcwele kanye nombiko obhaliwe ochaza ukucabanga kwekomiti nanoma iziphi izinguquko ezamukelwayo. Uma ikomiti ivota ngokumelene nemali, noma uma isihlalo sivele senqabe ukuhlela ukuvota, isikweleti sifile ngokuphumelelayo kulesosimiso somthetho.

AmaKomiti futhi anamandla okugcina izikweletu ngokungenasiphelo, [1] umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi "ukuphonsa intela" noma ukumane uhluleke ukuthatha isinyathelo. Lokhu kunikeza izihlalo ezinkulu ezibukweni ezihlelwa yizishaya - mthetho. Isivumelwano esisekelwa umphakathi omkhulu singafa ekomitini uma isihlalo simelana nayo noma uma siphikisana nezinto eziza kuqala emphakathini.

Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Impikiswano Yokuphakama Nokuklabalasa

Uma ikomiti iqhubeka ikhona, iya phansi ukuze kuqhutshwe ingxoxo futhi ivoti yokugcina. Impikiswano yemithetho elawula iphansi iyahluka kakhulu. E-US House of Messages, impikiswano ilawulwa kakhulu yiKomiti yeMithetho, emisa imingcele eqinile yesikhathi futhi enquma ukuthi iziphi iziphendukiso ezinganikezwa. ISigeqe, ngokuphambene, sivumela impikiswano engenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokuba abavoti abangama-60 bafune ukucela i-acetura·a umthenal echaza ukuthi kungani umthetho omkhulu ngokuvamile ufuna ukuqhubekela phambili.

Phakathi nempikiswano yasesitezi, abashaya izishaya-mthetho baphikisana ngokumelene nokulungisa, ukusikisela ukuhlelwa kwesivumelwano, nokuzama ukwakha imifelandawonye. Impikiswano ibhalwe embhalweni ongokomthetho (iCongregational Record esezingeni elingokomthetho), inikeza ukulandisa komphakathi ngesimo somthetho ngamunye. Uma impikiswano iphela, amavoti egumbini. Uma imvume idlula, iya kwelinye igumbi (kwisimiso se-bigayoral) noma ngokuqondile kumphathi we-prigion ukuze ivume.

Isinyathelo Sesine: Isigungu Sesibili

Kulezi zimiso ze-bidamaral, ibhande elifanayo noma elifanayo kumelwe lidlule enqubweni efanayo kwenye igumbi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuholela ekuhlukahlukaneni phakathi kwemibango yendlu ne-Gasar. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ikomiti yengqungquthela (ihlangene) yamalungu avela kuzo zombili izingosi). Amakomiti engqungquthela asebenza kakhulu ngemva kweminyango evaliwe, futhi umkhiqizo wawo wokugcina awukwazi ukulungiswa, wamukelwa noma wenqatshwa yigumbi ngalinye.

Kuleliqophelo lapho umthetho omkhulu uvame ukuthatha khona isimo sawo sokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Affordble Care Act, yavela enqubweni yengqungquthela eyahlanganisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlu neSigele. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxoxo zekomiti yengqungquthela azibonakali kakhulu kunezindaba zomphakathi, zikhona nalapho ukunxusa kwesikhululo semuva nokwenza umsebenzi kunamandla kakhulu.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Ukugunyazwa

Uma womabili amaqembu esedlulise umthetho ofanayo, umongameli kumphathi-simende noma kumbusi wezwe. Umphathi angasayina isikweleti emthetho, afake umthetho, noma asivumele ukuba sibe umthetho ngaphandle kosayino (umkhuba owaziwa njengenkomfa uma izigebengu zendlu yomthetho zikhona ngaphambi kwezenzo zobuphathi).

Iveto ithumela lesi sivumelwano emuva kumthetho wesishaya-mthetho, ongawudlulisa umthetho ngevoti enkulu kakhulu − ngokujwayelekile izingxenye ezimbili-ntathu zazo zombili izikhundla. Imizamo yokungasetshenziswa ayivamile futhi iyahluleka kaningi, kusho ukuthi amandla omphathi ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kwegunya lemithetho. Ngokwenqubo, usongo lweveto lokuhlela umthetho kuyo yonke lenqubo, njengoba abenzi bomthetho besebenza ekukhokheleni izikweletu zomsebenzi ezizokwamukelwa umphathi wenkampani.

Indlela Ukushaya Imithetho Okukuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Isimiso somthetho singase sibonakale sikude futhi singenakubonwa, kodwa imiphumela yaso iwalawula ngokuqondile amathuba akho, izibopho, nezinga lokuphila.

Ithonya Lezomnotho Nelezimali

Inkambiso yentela mhlawumbe iyikho okungagwegwesi kakhulu kokuxhumana phakathi kwezakhamuzi nesimiso somthetho. Imithetho ibeka intela ekhokhwayo, intela yenkampani, intela yezentengiselwano, intela yempahla, intela yempahla, nenkokhiso yenani elingenakubalwa. Ikhona futhi intela, izikweleti, izikweleti, nokungakhokhelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iSimemo seTreach Cuts ne-Jobs Act ka-2017, yashintsha imingcele evamile, ukukhokhwa kwentela yabantwana, kanye nentela yendawo, kuthinta izigidi zentela.

Ngaphandle kwentela, izishaya-mthetho zamisa amazinga omholo alinganiselwe, izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, nezindinganiso zezisebenzi. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma imithetho yenkokhelo yezisebenzi, izimfuneko zenkokhelo, nokukhokha izinqubo zokuphuma. Lezi zinqumo zinemiphumela esheshayo ezinhlabeni zemali nasezimweni zemisebenzi. Ngokwe- i-National Conference of State Legislatures[, izigaba bezilokhu zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ekubekeni iholo yazo siqu elinganiselwe, iholo elikhokhwazwayo yomkhaya, kanye nemithetho ye-adensitime lapho kuqedwww'uhulumeni.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nempilo Yomphakathi

Umthetho unquma ukuthi obani abafanelekela izinhlelo zomshuwalense wempilo yomphakathi njengoMedicaid neNdlela yempilo yezingane yoMshuwalense (CHIP). Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma ukuthi bangayandisa yini iMedicaid ngaphansi koMthetho we-Affordal Care Act, futhi balawula izimakethe zomshuwalense womphakathi, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko zokukhokha zendlela yokwelapha nokuvikela.

Imithetho yezempilo yomphakathi ihlanganisa izimfuneko zokugoma, izindinganiso zokuhlola isitolo sokudla, imithetho yamanzi, kanye nezifo ezibika izimfuneko. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zadlulisa amakhulu ezimali zemali ezikhuluma ngazo zonke izinto ezisukela ekutholeni izindleko zempilo ezikude zokuvikela amabhizinisi nemithi yokugoma. Lezi zinqumo zaba nemiphumela ebulalayo ezigidini zabantu.

Imfundo Namathuba

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zimisa iziteshi zesikole zokuxhasa imali, izimfuneko zezifundo, izimfuneko zokufundisa, kanye nemithetho yokuhlola. Zinquma ukuthi ingakanani imali isifunda ngasinye sesikole esiyamukelayo, iziphi izifundo, nokuthi iziphi izifundo okumelwe abafundi bazibonise ukuze baphothule. Izikole zendawo zisebenza ngaphansi kwegunya eligunyazwe isishaya - mthetho, futhi izinqumo zabo kumelwe zivumelane nomthetho wezwe.

Imfundo ephakeme ilolongwa ngendlela efanayo ngezenzo zomthetho. Imithetho imisa amazinga ezokushaya indiva emayunivesithi omphakathi, ihlela ukuxhasa imali ukuze kutholakale izikhokhelo nosizo lwezimali, futhi inqume izinqubo zokungena ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Izimpikiswano zamuva zemithetho yokulawula ngokuthethelelwa kwabafundi, ukukhokhwa kwenkululeko yokukhuluma esikoleni, kanye nezinyathelo zokuthatha izivumelwano zomthetho.

Izindlu, Izinto Zokuhamba Nezakhiwo Eziyimfucumfucu

Imithetho yokuzihlela, imithetho yokwakha, nemithetho elawula indawo yomphakathi yonke iyimiphumela yesimiso somthetho. Lemithetho inquma ukuthi kungakhiwaphi, ingakhuphuka kangakanani intela, nokuthi zingaba zini izimo ezinjani abanikazi bezindawo okumelwe bazigcine. Emiphakathini eminingi, izinqumo zemithetho mayelana nezindawo zokushaya umthetho ziyisici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esiqhubela ukukhokhwa kwezindlu nokutholakala kwazo.

Izimali zokuhamba zivela ekutholeni izimvume zemithetho elawulayo. Ama-grain anquma ukuthi malini ezosetshenziswa emigwaqweni, emabhulohweni, ekuthutheni umphakathi, emigwaqweni yebhayisekili, nasezisekelweni zemishini. Zibeka intela yegesi, izindleko zokubhalisa imoto, nezinga lokukhokha. Lezi zinqumo zihlela izindlela zokuhlanganisa, izinga lomoya, nokuthola imisebenzi nezinkonzo.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingakuthonya Ngayo Umthetho

Isimiso somthetho sihlanganisa amaphuzu amaningi okuthola izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuhlanganyela. Nakuba ithonya ngalinye lingase lilinganiselwe, icebo lingaveza imiphumela enengqondo — ikakhulukazi uma izakhamuzi zisebenza ndawonye futhi zigxilisa imizamo yazo ezisulwini ezifanele.

Ukusakaza Izinkulumo Ezikhethwayo

Izivumelwano ziyisisekelo sokuziphendulela kwemithetho. Ababenzi abangazinaki izingozi zabo zokulahlekelwa izihlalo. Ukhetho oluyinhloko lunethonya kakhulu kunokhetho oluvamile ngoba ukuvota kuphansi futhi abavoti ababonisa ukuthi bathambekele ekushukunyisweni yimibono. Inani elincane labavoti ababoshiwe lingawushintsha umphumela wesici esiyinhloko, okuthi kamuva kushintshela ekuhleleni uhlelo lwemithetho.

Phambi kokhetho ngalunye, cwaninga ukuthi abazobhapathizwa bamiphi ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo. Bheka amarekhodi abo okuvota uma bengabameleli. Qaphela izabelo zamakomiti, ngoba isikhundla sekomiti yesikhululo sinquma ikhono labo lokuthonya izindawo ezithile zezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, isihlalo seKomiti yokuHlaziya, sinikeza ithonya eliqondile lomthetho ngokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Abameli nezisebenzi zabo banakekela ukuxhumana okuhlangene. Isigijimi esigxile kumuntu ngamunye ngephepha elithile siphumelela kakhulu kune-fom noma i-imeyili ejwayelekile. Zichazele njenge-ace, chaza ngokucacile ukuthi kungani lendaba ibalulekile kuwe, futhi ucele isenzo esithile esiqondile ku-‘yebo noma ungenasivoti esikweletini esithile, ukusekela ukubuyiselwa, noma ukuxhasa umthetho.

Izingcingo kanye nemihlangano ye-operar ngokuvamile inethonya kakhulu kune-imeyili, ngoba ithatha umzamo owengeziwe nesibopho esiqinile. Izishayamthetho eziningi zibamba amahholo edolobha nemihlangano yomphakathi lapho izakhamuzi zingabuza khona imibuzo ngokuqondile. Ukuba khona kulezenzakalo nokuphakamisa imibuzo enolwazi kungathonya indlela abashaya imithetho abawuqonda ngayo umuzwa womphakathi endabeni ethile.

Ukufakazela Ukuqulwa Kwezindlebe

Amakomiti avuma ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi, futhi amakomiti amaningi amukela ubufakazi obuvela kuzakhamuzi. Ukusayina ukuze ufakaze kudinga ukulungiselela − kuzakuthatha imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu kuphela ukwenza icala lakho. Gxila esigijimini esisodwa esicacile, usekele ngamaqiniso noma okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, futhi ukulungele ukuphendula imibuzo evela emakomitini.

Izindaba zomuntu siqu zingaba namandla uma zihlangene nokwaziswa. Ummisi womthetho ozwayo ngomsizi othile ngendlela isimiso esihlongozwayo esingathinta ngayo umkhaya wakubo, ibhizinisi labo elincane, noma impilo yabo cishe angawuthatha ngokungathi sína lowomthetho. AmaKomiti ngokuvamile amukela amakhulukhulu obufakazi obulotshiwe obuvela emaqenjini enzalo; ubufakazi obufushane, obuyiqiniso obuvela kumuntu ophethe isithakazelo bungawunqamula lowomsindo.

Ukuhlela Nokwakha Isakhiwo Semali Eningi

Izakhamuzi ngazinye zinamandla alinganiselwe, kodwa amaqembu ahleliwe angasekela imikhankaso yesikhathi eside yokuzingelwa kwemithetho. Ukuhlanganyela noma ukwenza umfelandawonye ogxile empikiswaneni ethile kwandisa ukuphumelela kwakho. Amakhoba angahlanganisa imithombo yemali, ahlanganyele ukucwaninga, axhumane, aqoqe ukuthumelelana imiyalezo, futhi aqoqe abasekeli ngezikhathi eziyinhloko enqubweni yokushaya umthetho.

Izinhlangano eziphumelelayo akudingeki zibe zinkulu. Iqembu elincane lezakhamuzi ezizinikele eliqonda inqubo yomthetho, elakha ubuhlobo nezisebenzi eziyinhloko, futhi libonise ngokungaguquki lingathola imiphumela engeke iphumelele kunoma yimuphi umuntu osebenzayo yedwa. Inqubo eminingi ephawulekayo iyashintsha (ihlanganisa ukulingana komshado, umthetho kagwayi, kanye namalungelo okukhubazeka) aqhutshwa izimpande zotshani ezihlala zihlela iminyaka eminingi.

Ukulandela Umthetho Nokuhlala Unolwazi

Izishaya-mthetho eziningi zinikeza amathuluzi okulandelana kwezindleko. Ezingeni likahulumeni, .gov kukuvumela ukuba ufune umthetho ngesihloko, ngenkomba, noma ngenombolo yemali, futhi ubeke izixwayiso uma uhamba. Izishaya-mthetho zinikeza izimiso ezifanayo, nakuba ukusebenziseka kwazo kuhluka kakhulu.

Kulandela isikhwama esisukela esethulweni kuya engxenyeni yokugcina kukufundisa okuningi ngenqubo yomthetho kunanoma isiphi isiqondiso. Uyobona ukuthi kwenzekani imiphimbo yamabhodlela, yiziphi izihlalo zamakomiti ezinamandla, nendlela ukulungisa okushintsha ngayo inqubo yomthetho. Lololwazi lukwenza ummeleli ophumelela kakhulu ezindabeni zesikhathi esizayo.

Imingcele Yesenzo Sokuthatha Imithetho

Ukuqonda isimiso somthetho kusho futhi ukuqonda lokho okungeke kukwenze. Ukushaya umthetho kuyinqubo ethatha kancane, ethatha imingcele ngokuklama [1] ihluza iziphakamiso eziningi ezicatshangelweyo ngamaphuzu amaningi ngaphambi kokuba noma yini ibe umthetho. Lolobubububusela bukhungathekisa lapho kudingekile isinyathelo esiphuthumayo, kodwa futhi kuvikela futhi ezimisweni ezisheshayo nezingaklanyelwe kahle.

Umthetho ulawulwa futhi yimingcele engokomthetho-sisekelo, ukubukezwa kokwahlulela, nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. Izinkantolo zingashaya imithetho ephula amalungelo omthetho noma edlula igunya lomthetho. Izinhlangano eziphethe zichaza futhi zimise imithetho, ngokuvamile zenza izinqumo ezidala ngokuphumelelayo isimiso phakathi kwezimiso zemithetho. Futhi izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, izivumelwano zezohwebo, nezinye izici zangaphandle zingalinganisela lokho izishaya-mthetho ezingakufeza ngokwazo.

Kuzakhamuzi, isifundo siwukuthi ukushaya umthetho kuyithuluzi elilodwa phakathi kwabaningi. Izinselele ezingokomthetho, ukubhalisa kwegatsha eliphethe, ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuvota, kanye nezenzo eziqondile zingamacebo avumelanayo angaqhubekisela phambili imigomo yezimiso uma izindlela zokushaya umthetho zivalekile. Ukwazi ukuthi ungashintsha nini kusuka kwelinye isu kuya kwelinye kuyikhono elikhulayo abameleli abaphumelelayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwakha Umkhuba Wokuhlanganyela Emsebenzini

Isimiso somthetho sisebenza kangcono kakhulu uma izakhamuzi zinaka kuphela phakathi neminyaka yokhetho, kodwa phakathi nawo wonke unyaka njengoba kusungulwa izikweleti, kuphikiswana, futhi kuvotelwa. Imikhuba yokubopha izakhamuzi ifundwa ngokusebenza. Qala incane: phawula umbango okhathalelayo, thola ukuthi yiyiphi ikomiti ewusingathayo, futhi ubeke i-imeyili eqaphile ngezikweletu ezihlobene. Bhala i-imeyili eyodwa kummeleli wakho. Iya ekomitini eyodwa ethatha icala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inqubo yokushaya umthetho iba yimfihlakalo futhi ingabi yikho. Uzothola ukuthi yiziphi izisebenzi ezisebenza kakhulu ezisezihlalweni zamakomiti ezinethonya elikhulu, futhi yiziphi izihlalo zamakomiti lapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo zangempela. Lolo lwazi lunamandla. Esimisweni sentando yeningi, abantu abaqonda indlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo yibo ababumba imiphumela yaso.

Isimiso somthetho singesezakhamuzi esisebenzayo, kodwa kuphela uma lezozakhamuzi zithatha indima yazo kuso. Ukuqonda le nqubo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuhlanganyela kuso yiso sesibili. Ndawonye, zakha isisekelo somuntu ngokwakhe uhulumeni-$isibonakaliso esisebenzayo somqondo wokuthi imithetho ithola ubuqotho bayo ngokuvuma kwababuswayo.