Ukuqonda Izigodi Zase - Elele Nethonya Lazo Ekuhwebeni

Izigodi ze-Electoral ziyizisekelo zokwakha idemokrasi yabameleli. Ivoti ngayinye efakwa kuhulumeni, kuhulumeni, kuhulumeni, noma kukhetho lwendawo iwela endaweni echazwe kahle ekhetha umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu. Isimo, ubukhulu, kanye nobuningi balezizifunda kunquma ukuthi ngubani ozwiwayo, yiziphi izimpikiswano ezithola ukuhlanganiswa, nokuthi amandla aphiwa kanjani phakathi kwamaqembu ezombangazwe. Abavoti, abafundisi, nabaholi bomphakathi ngokufanayo, ukuqonda abaqondisi besifunda sokhetho ababalulekile ekuqapheleni ukuthi ukuthatha kwabo igalelo kuholela ekubusweni kwezindawo zokukhetha. Lokhu kunikeza iziqondiso ezihambela phambili kwendalo, izinqubo ezingemva kokusungula kwabo, imiphumela yabo efinyelela imiphumela yokukhetha, nezinselele ezisongela ukubukisa izinhlelo ezilungile.

Ziyini Izifunda Ezinkulu?

Izifunda zase-Electoral, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-constitue, amahhashi, noma amagumbi, ziyizindawo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhetha abameleli bendikimba yemithetho. Isifunda ngasinye siklanyelwe ukuba sibe nenani elilinganayo lezakhamuzi ukuze zonke izivoti zithwale isisindo esifanayo. Ezifundeni eziyingxenye eyodwa, ovota kakhulu abathola amavoti bawina isihlalo; ezifundeni eziningi, abameleli abambalwa bakhethwa endaweni efanayo besebenzisa izindlela ezingafani ezinjengokumelelwa kweqembu noma ukuvota okuthunyelwa kanye.

Imvelaphi Engokomlando

Umqondo wokwahlukanisa indawo ibe yizilinganiso zokuvota usuka kudala. IRome Republic yasebenzisa izizwe zokuvota, futhi amaphalamende aseYurophu enkathi ephakathi ayethembele ekumeleni kwendawo emelelwe ama-borard nama-stages. Nokho, isimiso sanamuhla savela emakhulwini eshumi nesishiyagalombili neshumi elineshumi elinethoba njengezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezifuna ukumelelwa okulinganayo. Umthetho-sisekelo waseMelika wayala ukuba kuhlalwe izihlalo zezindlu phakathi kwezifunda ezisekelwe ezakhamuzini, futhi uMthetho wenguquko waseBrithani ka-1832 waqala inqubo yokuveza kabusha izinguquko zenani labantu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthunywa kwezentando ye-democraliyo kanye nezinkantolo kuye kwaba yizimo eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda zihlala zilungile futhi zibonakala kahle.

Izinhlobo Zezifunda Zase - Electoral

Izifunda zase-Electoral zingahlukaniswa ngenani labameleli abakhethayo. izifunda eziyilungu elilodwa , ezisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi njenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, neCanada, izigodi ezikhetha isifunda ngasinye, ngaphansi kwesimiso esisodwa somthetho wemithetho, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesimiso sokuqala-sokuqala-kwesikhohlo. Izifunda zesifunda , ezivame emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseLatin America, zikhetha abameleli ababili noma ngaphezulu, zisebenzisa izimpawu ze-ogamential. Ezinye izimiso zihlanganisa kokubili: ngokwesibonelo, zisebenzisa isifanekiso esixubile lapho uvota ibhola elilodwa lesigaba kanye neqembu, izihlalo ezinikezwa izinhlelo ezihlelelwe yizinhlebo. Izimiso zezindawo ezikhethelwe kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zihlangene, isilinganiso sokhetho, isilinganiso sokhetho, imiphumela, isilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso.

Indima Yezifunda Ezinkulu Kuhulumeni Wentando Yeningi Ongummeleli

Izifunda ze-Electoral zikhonza imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi esimisweni sentando yeningi. Okokuqala, zinikeza umelo lwe-geographic [, ziqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi ngamunye unommeleli ozinikezele kundlu yomthetho. Okwesibili, zisungula [[ ukubala : izisekeli ziyazi ukuthi ubani ummeleli wazo ukhona futhi zingavota lowo muntu agcine noma athathe esikhundleni sakhe. Okwesithathu, izifunda zivumela ukuba zithole izimpikiswano zendawo engaphandle [ eziqondiswe izimali zesikole zemisebenzi. Okokugcina, izifunda ziyasiza ukulinganisela [FLT:] ukulingana [FLT] [FL:] [FT]]'oct7] ngokuhlukanisa iyunithi ezindaweni ezihlukene, ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lomphakathi.

Nokho, ukuphumelela kwemiklamo kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni imingcele yesifunda ithathwa kanjani. Izigodi ezihlonipha imiphakathi yemvelo nemingcele yamanani abantu zivame ukuveza izishayamthetho ezisabela kakhudlwana. Uma imingcele isetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale inzuzo ehlukanisayo noma eyohlanga, ukukhomba kwesizwe kuyaphela futhi ukuthembana komphakathi kuyaphela.

Indlela Izifunda Ezinezigodi Ezincane Ezidalwe Ngayo: Inqubo Yokuvuleka

Inqubo yokudweba imingcele yesifunda eyaziwa ngokuthi i-rediferigial (noma ukunqanda amanye amazwe). Iyenzeka njalo, ngokuvamile ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu, ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwenani labantu. Izinyathelo ezihilelekile zihlukahluka ngokulawula kodwa ngokuvamile zilandela ukulandelana okufanayo.

Ukubalwa Nokudla

Ukwaziswa okunembile kwenani labantu yisisekelo sokuhlelwa kwezindawo. Amazwe amaningi aqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, eqoqa ukwaziswa ngobukhulu babantu, ubudala, uhlanga, nendawo yokuhlala. E-United States, isilinganiso se-Census Bureaual sinquma ukuthi zingaki izihlalo zomphakathi ngamunye ozitholayo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukwahlulwa kombuso. Ngemva kwenqubo, izabelo zikahulumeni noma amanxusa azimele adonsa imingcele yezifunda ngazinye esifundazweni ngasinye, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi isifunda ngasinye siqukethe amanani alinganayo abantu. Isimiso sika-"umuntu oyedwa, ivoti ye-" idinga ukuba ukuphambuka ngokulunga okuphelele kuthethelelwa yizithakazelo ezingokomthetho, kodwa izinkantolo ziphoqelele izindinganiso eziqinile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zombuso.

Isimo Esihlaziyayo

Ngaphandle kokulingana kwabantu, izindikimba ezibala icabangela uhlu lwezindinganiso zokwakha izifunda ezilungile neziphumelelayo. Izindinganiso ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • [[UMTH:0] Ukusebenza [: Izifunda kufanele zibe yindawo ebumbeneyo, ugweme isimo esingavamile esisikisela ukuxhashazwa.
  • [ [: Zonke izingxenye zesifunda kumele zixhutshwe ngokomzimba, ngaphandle kweziqhingi ezingaxhunyiwe.
  • Izivumelwano zesithakazelo[: Imingcele kufanele ihloniphene ngokwezomnotho, ngokwesiko, noma ngobudlelwane, njengezindawo zobuzwe noma izindawo zasemaphandleni.
  • Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Amancane : Emazweni amaningi, izifunda akumelwe zinciphise amandla okuvota ezinhlanga noma ulimi oluncane. E-United States, i-Voting Rights Act inqabela amasu ombuso okulahla amavoti amadlana afuna ukuvota noma aweqisayo.
  • I-Fairness: Ezinye izigodi zifuna ngokucacile ukuba izifunda ezingadonswa ekuthandeni isigaba esithile noma isigebengu.

Lezizinketho zivame ukuphikisana. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda esingamaqoqo singahlukanisa umphakathi ohlangene, kuyilapho isifunda esiklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa umphakathi singaba yize. Izindikimba ezihluzayo kumele zilinganise lemisebenzi yokuhwebelana, futhi izinqumo zazo zivame ukubhekana nenselele engokomthetho.

Ikhomishane ezimele iphikisana nomthetho wokulawula

Ubani ofaka imingcele inemiphumela emikhulu yokulunga. Emazweni amaningi, ukuvimbela imingcele kulawulwa yiqembu eliphethe umbuso eSikhungweni somthetho, edala izimpi ezingokwemvelo zesithakazelo. Lokhu kungaholela ekusebenziseni i-gerrymanderng(ukusetshenziswa kwama-indawo ngamabomu kwenzuzo e-octivation. Ukulwa nalokhu, inani elandayo lamazwe aphendukele ukuvuseleleka kwemisebenzi yemfuyo yesithakazelo [. Lemikhakha, ekhiwe ngezakhamuzi noma izikhulu ezimiswe ngolwazi, ehloselwe ukudweba amabalazwe ngaphandle kokungathathi hlangothi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Californiai Rediciaceance ne-Boundsion Commission e-Booperationssion eUnited Kingdom futhi iveza ukukhombana kwezindawo ezizimele kanye nokucindezela kwezombangazwe, nakuba zingakhiswe ngezombangazwe.

Umphumela Wezigodi Eziyi - Electoral Ekuhwebeni Nokukhetha

Umklamo wezifunda ze-elevotor uhlela ngokuqondile ukuziphatha kovoti, amasu okuvota, nemiphumela yokukhetha. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane emikhawulweni yemingcele zingashintsha isimo sezombangazwe sesifunda, zishintshe ukuthi iliphi iqembu noma iqembu labantu elinethonya.

Ukuzinikela Nokuhlanganyela

Izifunda ezidwetshwe kahle ezenza abavoti bazizwe behlangene nommeleli wabo zingathuthukisa ukuvuselelwa. Uma abavoti bebheka isifunda sabo njengomphakathi ovumelanayo kanye nezithakazelo ezihlanganyelwayo, basengozini kakhulu yokuhlanganyela kukhetho futhi bathintane nommeleli wabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifunda ezincintisana kakhulu zingakhuthaza ukuvuleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zonke izivoti zizizwa zinquma, kuyilapho izifunda ezilondekile (lapho iqembu elilodwa lilawula) zingacindezela ukuthembisana. Ukuhlola Brennan Center yeJaji

Izinzuzo Zengxenye Nokudla Imithi

I-Gerrymandering iyimpatho eyaziwa kahle kakhulu yokusebenzisa kabi amandla esifunda. Ithatha amafomu amabili ayinhloko: ukuvala izifunda ezimbalwa, ukuchitha amavoti azo. Zombili izindlela zivumela iqembu ukuba lilawule i-reditraintings[ ukuzuza inani eliphindwe ka-19, ngokwesibonelo, iqembu elizuza 52% yesifunda ngasinye lingase livikeleke uma amabala edwetshwe. Inkantolo ephakeme ye-United States ivumela iqembu ukuba likwazi ukulawula izihlalo ezingaphezulu ezihlangeneyo ukuba lithole ingxenye yazo yonke. [enye izivumelwano ezingokomthetho] Imithetho esobala, i-Foffrealls ingavikela 60% yezindawo uma amabala ehlome. Inkantolo ephakeme ye-United States iqaphele ukuthi i-Genegergergen ingazinza i-evition engcono kakhulu kodwa i-evinion. [evictives.[4] Izinkantolo ezivamile ze-ult.[Fods]

Isu Eliphumelelayo Lokwenza Imali Nenkambiso

Ukuma kwenani labantu esifundeni kunquma ukuthi obani abazolandela abazothatha i-odoli futhi bakhankase kanjani. Esifundeni esinedemokrasi noma iRepublican, ukhetho oluyinhloko luwumncintiswano owumnqamula-zwelo, olushukumisela abazocelwa ukuba badlulise i-ace yale-parti. Esifundeni sokuncintisana, abazothatha iziqu balinganisele imiyalezo yabo ukuze bawine abavoti abavoti. Imingcele yesigodi futhi ithinta ukuqoqa imali: izikhungo ezihlalisayo ezihlalweni eziphephile zinganyusa imali kalula, kuyilapho izithakazeli ezisezigabeni ezikhuphule i-germander zibhekene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-redidiotings ingaphonsings i-clontssssssss, ifaka izimpi ezinkulu ezinciphisa inani lamazwi anele.

Ubuncane Bezimpawu Nemiphakathi Ethakazelisayo

Izigodi ze-Electoral zinethonya elinamandla ekumeleni kwesizwe, uhlanga, nolimi oluncane. Ngaphansi koMthetho wama-Voting Rights, ama-gade anezikhundla ezinomlando wokucwaswa kwezindawo kumelwe zisungule izigodi eziningi uma abavoti abambalwa bebaningi ngokwaneleyo futhi begcwele indawo ethile. Lezi zigodi zenza ukuba imiphakathi yabambalwa ikhethe abazokhethwa. Nokho, ukupakisha idlanzana lezifunda ezikontiya ithonya layo eliphelele ngokudlala amavoti angasiza abavoti abakhethwe njengabasekeli abahleli ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane. Umba ophakathi kokunikeza izimpawu (inani elihlobana ababhidiyo) kanye nokumelela okungamele imingcele ezindaweni ezihlukene ngaphandle kokukhetha imingcele) kulokhu kuseyibeke impikiswano enkulu ewumthetho obomvu. [FLDiroundation] [5]

Izinselele Nezikhungo Ezihlangene ESifundeni Sase - Elector

Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezingokomthetho ezingcono kakhulu, ukuvota kwesifunda kubhekana nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezisongela izinhloso zentando yeningi.

Ukubhakasha: Ukucwenga Nokupakisha

Naphezu kwemithetho nemithetho yenkantolo, ukuqamba okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyaqhubeka. Intuthuko ekuhleleni izibalo ivumela abaqondisi bamabalazwe ukuba balinganise amabalazwe ayizigidi futhi bakhethe leyo eyandisa inzuzo yomphakathi lapho ibonakala ingathathi hlangothi. i-algothmaric germanic germaning yenza kube nzima kakhulu ezinkantolo ukuba zibone ukucwasa ngamabomu ngoba noma yiliphi ibalazwe lingathethelelwa ngemibandela engathathi hlangothi. Izinguquko ziphikisa ngokuthi izikhulu ezizimele kuphela ezinezindinganiso ezicacile, eziqinile zingakuvimbela lokhu kulawula.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho Nezinqumo Zenkantolo Ephakeme

Amasu angaphambili ahlelwa kaningi. E-United States, umjikelezo wokubala wa 2020 waba nobubanzi obuveza ukumangalelwa kwezinhlanga noma ukuvinjelwa kweqembu, ukuvinjelwa kwemithetho yamavoting Rights. Inkantolo ePhakamileyo yama-2019 yesinqumo [ku-FLT:] Rucomo v. Isizathu Esivamile savala ngokuphumelelayo umnyango wenkantolo wenkantolo wesigebengu sokulwa kwemithetho, ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-gerrymander, ukushukuma kwempi ezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Ezinye izinkantolo ezinkulu zezwe ziye zashaya amabalazwe njengeziphula umthetho wezwe, ziholela ekudwebeni izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ezingasehlela ukuthatha isikhathi esiphezulu nokudidanisa. Emazweni azimele, amakhomishani ezombangazwe anciphisa iziphakampathi zezelelwa izikhali zempi, kodwa azama ukuhlasela kwezombangazwe.

Ushintsho Lwenani Labantu Nokuthuthwa Kwezindawo

Ukushintsha ngokushesha kwenani labantu kungenza ukuba izigodi zingalingani phakathi kwezindawo ezibalwayo. Ezindaweni ezingaphili kakhulu, izindawo zasemadolobheni zingaba ngaphansi kwe-drivior uma izifunda zasemaphandleni zithola ithonya elingalingani. Lenkinga, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukungalingani kwe-appotition, ilulaza isimiso somuntu oyedwa, ukuvota okukodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubukeza umngcele we-United Kingdom kwenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi nambili, kodwa ukulibala okuthatha isikhathi eside kuye kwaholela ekuhlukani kwenani elikhulu labantu. Amanye amazwe e-United States aye agunyaza ukuvuselelwa ngokomthetho ngemva kokhetho ngalunye ukuze alondoloze ukulingana, kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nemfundo

Abavoti abaningi abazi ukuthi imingcele yesifunda ithinta kanjani ukumelelwa kwabo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi iningi lamaMelika alikwazi ukubona isifunda salo noma isimo salo. Lokhu kungazi kwenza kube lula kwezazi zezombangazwe ukulawula amabalazwe ngaphandle kokuwagcina umphakathi. Izinhlelo zemfundo ze-CPICOP ezichaza inqubo yokuvuleka kwemithetho nokuqokomisa ithonya legerrymanidering ukuze linike abavoti amandla okufuna amabalazwe alungile. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-National Conference of Legastislatures[

Umbono Wembulunga Yonke: Indlela Amazwe Ahlukene Ayisingatha Ngayo Izifunda Ezisezindaweni Ezikude

Nakuba umqondo oyisisekelo wezigodi ezikhethwayo ungowomhlaba wonke, amazwe ahluka kakhulu endleleni achaza ngayo imingcele, alinganise inani labantu ngokulinganayo nelungelo lomphakathi, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi abantu bamelela ngendlela efanele.

United States

Imingcele yesifunda se-Congregational nesifundazwe yemithetho ithathwa izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni ezifundazweni eziningi, nakuba inani elandayo lisebenzisa izikhomishane ezizimele. Lenqubo ihlela abantu futhi ithanda ukulingana. Izifunda kumelwe zilingane kakhulu emphakathini, kodwa ukuhlangana nemiphakathi yesithakazelo akunyakaziswa kakhulu. I-Voting Rights Act idinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kwezinhlanga ezincane. Umphumela uyisimiso esivame ukuveza ubandlululo oluphakeme kakhulu nezihlalo eziphephile.

United Kingdom

I-United Kingdom isebenzisa amakhomishane amane azimele emingceleni (yeNgilandi, iScotland, iWales, ne-Northern Ireland) ukuze idwebe ama-continupences eNdlu yomphakathi. I-ofice ilandela imithetho yabantu abalinganayo, ukuhlangana, nokuhlonipha imingcele yendawo (njengezibalo nezikhungo). IPhalamende kumelwe livume ukutusa kokugcina, kodwa ukulahlwa akuvamile. Lesimiso asitholakali kakhulu kune-United States, nakuba kuneziphendulo ezingaphansi kokubekwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni.

Canada

Izifunda zikahulumeni ze-Canada ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-colorala, ziphinde zidonseke njalo eminyakeni eyishumi ngemishini ezimele yomngcele − eyodwa esifundazweni ngasinye, eyakhiwa umahluleli namanye amalungu amabili amiswe umphathi omkhulu we-votor. Ikhomishane iqulula izikhalo zomphakathi futhi kumelwe ibheke ukulingana kwenani labantu (ngokubekezelela i-3325% ezimweni ezingavamile), imiphakathi yesithakazelo, kanye nezici zezwe. Inqubo yePartisan ayivunyelwe.

EJalimane

IJalimane isebenzisa isimiso esixubene nezingxenye. Izwe lihlukaniswa libe yizifunda ezingu-299 ezinezingxenye eyodwa, kodwa ukwabiwa kokugcina kwezihlalo eBundestag kulungiswe ngezinhlu zeqembu ukuze kufinyelelwe ukumelelwa kwe-octal e-liturent ezweni lonke. Imingcele yesigodi idwetshwa i-Federal Regation Government, ngaphansi kwezimiso zokulingana kwabantu, ukulingana, ukuhlangana, kanye nokuhlonipha imingcele yombuso. Ngenxa yokuthi i-pastrali yesilinganiso ivala ivala ivala noma i-ocestering inomphumela olinganiselwe e-Rople, nakuba isathinta ukuthi abafuni be-fayodwa bakhethwa yini.

Ikusasa Lezifunda Zase - Electoral: Ubuchwepheshe Nenguquko

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokudweba ibalazwe buba namandla ngokwengeziwe futhi umphakathi uqaphela izinto, impikiswano ephathelene nendlela yokwenza izifunda ezikhethayo iyakhula.

Ukulungisa Imithetho Yomthetho - sisekelo

Ama-algoridi e-computer manje angadala izinkulungwane zamapulani ombuso ngemizuzu, enza kube ngcono kakhulu ukuhlanganisa, ukulingana kwenani labantu, noma ubulungisa bomphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela abameleli nabathathi-mfakela ukubonisa ukuthi ibalazwe elikhethwe yisishaya-mthetho liyindawo engaphezulu kakhulu (_ukuhlanganisa okungenalutho) noma okunobandlululo kakhulu kunezindlela eziningi ezingasetshenziswa. Izinkantolo ziqale ukwamukela ubufakazi obunje njengobufakazi bokuhlanganisa ngenhloso. Nokho, i-algorimethi azithathi hlangothi kuphela njengemifakela yazo; uma izimpawu ngokwazo ziwuphawulo olunembaxakile, izimpawu ziyoba nokuveza izimpawu.

Izikhangiso Zenguquko

Isekela elikhulayo lenhlangano lokuguqula ukwakheka ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lokudwetshwa komxeba wesigodi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

  • Ikhomishane ezimele yokulungisa imingcele eneziqondiso ezicacile neziphoqelelwe kanye nokuvinjelwa kokucabangela ukwaziswa okuhlukanisayo.
  • Izigodi eziyizingxenye zisebenzisa ukumelela okulinganiselwe noma ukuvota okuphawuliwe, okungaqeda isidingo sezifunda ezinezingxenye eyodwa ezilula ukugcinwa.
  • ukuvota okunechoko eliphambili kanye nokuvota okunezilinganiso eziningi (kuvota okungadluliswa kanye) kuvumela abavoti ukuba bafake izigaba, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izihlalo zibonisa ukuthanda okuvamile kwabavoti kunokuba zibonise ukugcwala kwabasekeli.
  • [ Ukumisa uMthetho wamaLungelo ukucacisa izindinganiso zohlanga nobandlululo.

Amanye amazwe, njenge-New Zealand ne-Ireland, aye athatha izikhomishane ezizimele zomngcele kanye nezifunda ezinamalungu amaningi ngempumelelo enkulu.

Isiphetho

Izigodi ze-Electoral azizona izintambo ezithathelwanayo ebalazweni", zinamandla abumba amandla ezombangazwe, ukuvota, kanye nezinga lokumelela. Ukuqonda indlela izigodi ezidwetshwa ngayo, iziqondiso okufanele ziqondise, nokuxhashazwa okungenzeka kudingekile kunoma yimuphi umkhakhakha wentando yeningi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha futhi bushintshwa, isidingo sokubonakala, ukungalingani, nokungaguquguquki komthetho kuya ngokuphuthuma kakhulu. U Voter, abafundisi, nabenzi bezimiso kumelwe bahlale beqaphile, bebhekile izinguquko ezibeka imiphakathi nezimpawu ezifanayo ngaphambi kwenzuzo ye-Rhovisia. Kungaqinisekisa kuphela ngokufuna ukuba wonke amavoti abaluleke ngempela.