Ukhetho lwe-Midterns, oluqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, luyinqubo ebucayi esimisweni sokuhlola nokulinganisela kwe-United States. Luyenzeka phakathi kwesigaba sobumongameli futhi lusebenza njenge-arhente yesizwe jikelele ekuqondiseni kobuphathi. Lokhetho lunquma ukulawula yonke indlu yabameleli, ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu yeSigeqe, kanye nezishaya-mthetho eziningi zombuso. Ukuqonda indlela amandla kahulumeni okushintsha amandla kahulumeni kahulumeni omhlaba kamongameli abalulekile ngayo ekuqondeni amandla ezombangazwe aklama umthetho, ukumiswa kwesimiso, kanye nesiqondiso sezwe sonke.

Kuyini Ukukhetha Phakathi Nezikhathi?

Kusukela ngoMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovemba ngonyaka kaNovember ophakathi nokhetho lukamongameli. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-2022 phakathi kwenkathi yama-2022 afika phakathi kwegama lokuqala likaMongameli Joe Biden. Phakathi nalokhu kuvota, amavota akhetha wonke amalungu angu-435 eNdlu yabameleli, lawo aneminyaka emibili aphelelwa umjikelezo wokhetho. ISigele sijikeleza ngenxa yokuthi ama-senator asebenza imibandela eyisithupha yeminyaka, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezihlalo zekhulu zeSihlalo seSindlu soHlulo sinyulwa phakathi konyaka ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababusi abaningi abakhethiwe, amajaji bezwe, amagebeqe, izikhulu zezwe lendawo, benza umjikelezo wezokuvota omphakathi nentando yentando yezwe.

Umjikelezo wokhetho phakathi nenkathi yokukhetha uhlukile eminyakeni yokukhetha okwenziwa ngumongameli kokubili ngesilinganiso nangokuziphatha kovoti. Ngokomlando, umvoti ojika phakathi namanqamu uphansi, ngokuvamile ngamaphesenti angu-10-15. Nokho, izigxobo azinciphi. Iqembu elilawula uKhongolo linamandla amakhulu phezu kwesimiso somthetho somongameli, ukuqinisekiswa kwamajaji nezikhulu zegatsha eziphethe, kanye nokwengamela izinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Umphumela Owukulinganisela Kwamandla

Ithonya eliyinhloko lokhetho phakathi kwenkathi yokukhetha liwukumiswa kwamandla phakathi kwamagatsha aphethe nemithetho, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwamaqembu phakathi kweKhomishane. Umthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uhlukanisa igunya likahulumeni phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu, kodwa igatsha le-witrol(Conrern) linamandla okubhala imithetho, ukumemezela impi, izivumelwano ezivunyiwe, nokulawula uhlelo lwemali. Umongameli angawukhipha umthetho, kodwa uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa lowo mbuso ngama-3 amathathu. Ukhetho lwaphakathi kwezikhathi zingawakhipha ngokuphawulekayo lamandla.

Ukulawula Indlu Yabameleli

Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izihlalo zendlu ezingu- 435 ziyancintisana njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, indlu iyigumbi elihwamuka kakhulu. Ukushintshwa kwezihlalo ezimbalwa kunganikeza ingxenye eyodwa, kuyenze ukuba ikwazi ukumisa uhlelo lwezimemezelo zemithetho, ukunikeza amabhukwana, nokuvimbela noma izikweleti. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2018, amaDemocrat athola izihlalo ezingu-41 futhi athatha izihlalo, okwawavumela ukuba aqalele umnyango we-Trump futhi avimbe izintambo zakhe eziningi eziphambili.

Ukulawula ISigele

ISigele sivikelwa kakhulu ekushintsheni okusheshayo ngenxa yeminyaka eyisithupha eshiwoyo, kodwa amaphakathi angathatha iziqu ezinkulu. Njengoba kuncintiswana cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezihlalo ezintathu kuphela kunoma yimuphi umjikelezo onikeziwe, iqembu elinamandla livame ukuvikela isimiso esithile esiqondile sezihlalo. Uma iqembu eliphikisayo lithatha izihlalo ezanele, lingalawula indima yomholi weSigele, izihlalo zekomiti, futhi linqume ukuthi iziphi izihlalo zomongameli ezilandelanayo ezilandelana. Igebelo livame ukuvikela izihlalo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-2014 lwezinyukthi lwanika i-Republication izihlalo eziningi, kamuva olwabavumela ukuba baqinisekise uNdunala u-Gorth, u-Brett Kvang, no-Ammey ngaphansi koPreedentiercetts.

Imikhumbi EwuMbusi Nemithetho KaHulumeni

Ukhetho lwama-midter luthinta futhi amandla ombuso. Ababusi abaningi abakhethiwe nezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni phakathi neminyaka. Abalawuli banegunya elikhulu ekuhleleni imali yombuso, imfundo, isimiso sokunakekela impilo, kanye nokuphathwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo, futhi ngokuvamile basebenza njengesehlo ezimisweni zikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zidweba amabalazwe esifundazwe ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu ngakunye, ngakho iqembu elilawula lemikhakha lingakha ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe iminyaka eyishumi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lwaphakathi kuka-2010, lwaveza igalelo lomthetho weRepublican Revolution enqobayo ephethe imizamo enobudlova enjenge-Wisconsin, i-North Carolina, ne-Pennsylvanian.

Indlela Amandla Ashintsha Ngayo Izandla

Uma ukulawulwa kwesigaba sokukhetha phakathi kwenkathi yokukhetha kweqembu okungenani elilodwa lomongameli, ikhono lobukhoma lokumisa uhlelo lwezishaya - mthetho licindezelwa kakhulu. Iqembu eliphikisayo lingasebenzisa iningi lalo ukuba ligcine amacala, ama-topina, futhi lenqabe ukuletha izikweleti zikamongameli evoti. Ngokuphambene, uma iqembu lomongameli lilawula zombili amagumbi, umqondisi angaqhubela phambili ngemigomo yakhe yesimiso kalula kakhulu, nakuba ukuhlukana kwamaqembu angaphakathi kungabangela ukuxabana.

Ngaphandle komthetho, amandla alawula izenzo zezikhulu. Umongameli obhekene noMkhandlu ononya angathembela kakhulu eziqondisweni zezikhulu, ezinamandla omthetho kodwa ezingase zipheshulwe yiziphathimandla ezilandelayo noma zihlatshwe izinkantolo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-2014, uMongameli u-Obama wakhipha iziyalezo eziphethe zokufuduka nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngemva kokuba uMkhandlu wenqaba ukwenza okuthile. Ngokufanayo, uMongameli uTrump wasebenzisa iziyalezo zezikhulu zezohwebo nezokulondeka kwezwe lapho kuhlukaniswa i-Congressbon.

Inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali inye indawo lapho ukushintshwa kukagesi kusobala. Iqembu elilawula i-Congress lilawula uhlelo lwemali nomthetho kahulumeni. Uhulumeni ohlukene ngokuvamile uholela ekumisweni kwemali, ekuvalweni, nasezinqunyweni eziqhubekayo. Uhulumeni 2018-2018-2019, ukuvinjelwa, okude kakhulu emlandweni wase-U.S., kwabangelwa ukuphikisana phakathi koMongameli Trump neDemocratic Hoodentive exhaswe izimali ezisemngceleni.

Amandla Okuqinisekisa

Enye yezindlela eziqinile kakhulu zokukhetha okushintsha amandla ingendima yokuqinisekisa kweSigele. Umongameli umisa amajaji kahulumeni, onomabhalane, namanxusa, kodwa iSigele kumelwe sibaqinisekise. Isigebengu esilawulwa ukuphikiswa singathatha kancane ukuhamba noma sivimbe ama-minees. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngejaji: ukushintshwa kweSishaya-mthetho kunganquma ukuthi umongameli ugcwalisa izikhawu zecala eziphansi kakhulu futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, isihlalo seNkanto ePhakathi Ephakeme. Ukufa kuka-2016 kweJaji u-Anton Scalingle kungaholela empini engoko ngemva kokuba izigebengu zenqaba ukuzwa kweJaji lika-Merkickland, uMongameli Obamasmine, ngoba kwakungunyaka ka-presidentiyu. Esine kamuva, i-Republiclatence Concendial Concendial Concert, i-Conne, i-Conconey Coverserters 2020 ngaphambi nje kokhetho lokhetho lokhetho.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezibangela Imiphumela Ephakathi

Izici eziningana ezihlangene zinquma ukuthi yimaphi amadili azuzayo noma alahlekelwa izihlalo okhethweni phakathi nenkathi ethile.

Izimo Zezomnotho

Isimo sezomnotho ngokuvamile siyisici esinquma kakhulu. Amavoter athambekele ekujeziseni iqembu likamongameli phakathi nokwehla kwemisebenzi okuphakeme (/ukungasebenzi okukhulu, ukwehla kwamandla emali, noma ukuwohloka komnotho (kubuye kukhokhe imvuzo). Ngokwesibonelo, okhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi yonyaka ka-2010 lwaba negagagasi elikhulu laseRepublic, elabangelwa ukukhubazeka okuthatha kancane kwezinkinga zemali nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwango-200. Ngokusho ukuthi, ukhetho lwaphakathi kuka-1998 lwayenelisa kuMongameli Clinton's Democrat ngenxa yokuthi izimali zazinamandla futhi imali yayigcwele.

Umbono Womphakathi KaMongameli

Izilinganiso zemvume kamongameli zihlobene kakhulu nokusebenza phakathi nenkathi. Umongameli onezilinganiso eziphansi zokuvunyelwa, ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-50%, ucindezela abazobhapathizwa. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "isijeziso esiphansi"" Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo eziphansi zikamongameli uGeorge W. UBush ezigunyaza ukuvunyelwa ngenxa yeMpi yase-Iraq neSiphepho uKatrina zaba nengxenye ekutheni i-Democratic gaze phakathi nonyaka ka-2006. Ngokufanayo, umongameli uDonald Trump's ngokwesiko izibalo eziphansi zokuvunyelwa ngo-20181818 zaholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhaya likaRiphabliki.

I - “voter Turtout ”

Ukhetho lwe-Midterns luvame ukubonakala luphansi kuneminyaka yobumongameli, kodwa yimaphi amaqembu angenza imiphumela enzima. Abavoti abadala nabavoti abaningi bamelelwa ngokungenakulinganiswa. Kumijikelezo yamuva, kwanda ukuvota kwentsha nabavoti abambalwa, kuzuzise iDemocrats, kuyilapho ukuvota okukhulu phakathi kwabamhlophe ngaphandle kwamadegree ekholeji kuye kwasiza amaRepublic. Amaphakathi ka-2018 abona ukuqhekeka kokubhaliswa kwerekhodi phakathi, kanye namashumi amahlanu ezingane ezifuna ukuvota, eziqhutshwa yiDmocratic mbaity. Lokhu kwasiza uDemocrates u-flates i Home Home.

Umkhankaso Nemali

Imikhankaso yanamuhla ibiza kakhulu futhi ingenisa ukwaziswa. Ikhono lokuphakamisa imali, ukukhangisa, nokuhlobisa izimpande zotshani abasekeli babalulekile. I-Super PAC namaqembu angaphandle achithayo angathela izigidi ezifundeni zokuncintisana. Umjikelezo wokhetho wama 2020 wabona imali ephelele eyizigidi ezingu-R24 zezigidi, futhi imijikelezo yaphakathi nendawo ayikade imuva. I-Gerrymerdering futhi idlala indima: izigodi ezihloselwe ukusekela iqembu elilodwa zingazenza izihlalo ezithile ezinganciphi, kuyilapho igagasi lesizwe linganqoba ngisho namabalazwe adwe ngokucophelela.

Indawo Ezungezile Yesizwe

Ngezinye izikhathi impikiswano eyodwa ivelele kwezombangazwe. Ngo-2006, iMpi ye-Iraq yayiyindaba eyinhloko. Ngo-2022, kwakuwumthetho we-Affordal Care Act. Ngo-2022, ukwehla kwamandla emali namalungelo okukhipha isisu ngemva kwesinqumo samaDobbs kwakuyindaba enkulu. Impikiswano enika isisekelo sombutho owodwa ingenze isheshise futhi ibangele ukuvota okuduma.

Izibonelo Ezingokomlando Zama - wing Aphakathi Nezikhathi

Ukubheka okhethweni lwangesikhathi esidlule kwembula izindlela zokudlulisa amandla nemiphumela yawo.

Izikhathi Eziphakathi Ka - 1994: Inguquko YaseRepublic

Umongameli uBill Clinton wathatha iminyaka emibili yokuqala wabona ukudlula kwemali ephikiswayo kanye nomzamo wezempilo ohlulekile. Ukhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-1994 lwaphumela ekumisweni okukhulu kweRiphabliki, okwanikeza iqembu ukulawula kokubili iNdlu neSishayamthetho okokuqala eminyakeni engu-40. Sweer Newt Gingrich's "Ilungu neMelika" yamisa uhlelo oluhle kakhulu olwangqubuzana ne-Clinton, okwaholela ekuvinjelweni kukahulumeni ngo-199596 kodwa ekugcineni ekulungiseni inhlalakahle kanye nokuhlelwa kwemali ngokulinganisela.

2006 Izikhawu: IMpi Yase - Iraq IReferendem

Ukhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-2006 lwabhekwa kabanzi njengophawu lokuhlola uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush neMpi yase-Iraq. Abadar banqoba ukulawulwa kwawo womabili amakamu oMkhandlu okokuqala kusukela ngo-1994. Ukushintshwa kwaholela ekwandiseni ukuqondisa impi, ukuphoqelelwa kokunqanda amasosha, kanye nochungechunge lokuhlola ukuphathwa kwebutho.

Izikhawu Eziphakathi Ka - 2010: Igagasi Leqembu Lamazinyo

Ngo-2010, uMongameli uBarack Obamacrats walahlekelwa izihlalo ezingu- 63 zendlu nezihlalo eziyisithupha zeSigele, ukunqotshwa okubi kakhulu kweqembu kusukela ngo-1938. Inhlangano yeTaa Party yashayela i-paralic actal à act ye-Affordal Care nepaket. Iningi elisha laseRepublican ngalesosikhathi lahileleka ekungqubaniseni okuphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwezimiso zemali, kuhlanganise nenkinga yophahla yonyaka ka-2011 eyaholela ekuncipheni kokuqala kwenani le-U.S. Imali edlula isilinganiso sombuso, amaRepublican yazuza ukulawula izishaya-mthetho eziningi, yenza ukuba kufakwe izinzuzo zeshumi leminyaka.

2018 Izikhawu: Igagasi Eliluhlaza

UMongameli uDonald Trump's waqala ukubona uDemocrates dlip 41 izihlalo zendlu nokulawula futhi kwendlu, kuyilapho amaRepublican andisa kancane inani lesigele sawo. Ukushintshwa kwendlu iDimcrates ukuba iqale ukuphenya kaningi ezimalini zikaTrump, ukuziphatha kokuphatha, nokuphenya ngoMueller. Kwamisa futhi isigaba sokuhlelwa kokuqala kukamongameli ngo-2019. Amaphakathi ka-2018 ayeveza nezinombolo ezingokomlando zabesifazane nabavoti abambalwa abakhethiwe.

Indima Yokuvuleka Kwezigebengu Nezigigaba

Kuxhomeke kakhulu ekukhetheni abavoti abavelayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvota kuphansi kunaseminyakeni yobumongameli, abavoti bathambekele ekubeni badala, abahluzekile, futhi abeqisa kakhulu ngokwemibono. Nokho, emijikelezweni yamuva, imizamo yokubuthela intsha evotayo, abantu abanemibala, nabangenawo amandla abavoti abaphansi baye banciphisa igebe. Izinhlangano ezifana noStacey Abramas's Fair War eGeorgia namaqembu otshani kulo lonke izwe ziye zafaka i-cronsot ekuvoteni nasekuyiphenduleleni izinhlanga eziphakathi. Umphumela uye waba yizinhlanga eziphindelelayo nezinguquko zamandla.

Ukuthembisana ngevote kuthonywa yizigxobo ezicatshangelwayo. Uma iqembu lilawula umongameli, isisekelo salo singaba nokunganaki, kuyilapho ukuphikiswa kunamandla. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi igebe "elikhulusiasm". Ngo-2018, intshiseko yedemocratic Republiced idlula kude ukushisekela iRiphabliki ngenxa yokuphikisa uTrump, kuyilapho ngo-2022, intshiseko yaseRepublica yayiphakeme ngenxa yokuthukuthela ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla nobugebengu. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza ekubikeni ukuthi iliphi iqembu elizozuzayo phakathi nenkathi emisiwe.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho lwe-midterm lungaphezulu kakhulu kokubonisa umongameli. Luyinqubo eyinhloko lapho abavoti bengalungisa khona phakathi kwemithetho kamongameli − ukunikeza noma ukujezisa iqembu egunyeni, ukubuyisela igatsha le-control, nokunquma ukuthi izinhlelo zikamongameli zihlelwe kanjani. Ngokuthinta ukulawula kweSishaya-mthetho, izikhulu zezikhulu, nezindawo zomthetho, indlela yokulungisa isimo sohlelo phakathi kwemithetho enkabeni yentela, izempilo, imfundo, amalungelo omphakathi, nokujezisa i-jajikijelo iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqonda indlela amandla kahulumeni ashintsha ngayo phakathi nalolukhetho abalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda idemodemokhrasi, ukuthi umfundi, noma isakhathiwe. Ngokuqhubekayo ukufunda izintela ezimaphakathini kanye nemisebenzi yawo, ukuhlola [FFFotary Couragestions] kungokonyaka ka-190 [F1], [F1] i-F1] i-Foctives, i-moduststst ku-Esssss.[Fod Syment: "unt, umbation: "u