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Ukuqonda Isizathu Sokuba Yonke Imisebenzi Ibaluleke Kuhulumeni Wanamuhla Ozimele

Ukuqamba kungelinye lamalungelo ayisisekelo kakhulu nemithwalo yemfanelo emiphakathini yentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Kumelela izwi labantu futhi kusebenza njengesisekelo sikahulumeni omelele. Nokho izakhamuzi eziningi aziqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi ivoti yazo ziguqula kanjani izimpawu zezombangazwe, noma ukuthi kungani ukuhlanganyela kwazo kubaluleke ngempela ekuhleleni okukhulu kokhetho. Ukuqonda indlela izimiso zokhetho zisebenza ngayo kuwo wonke umvoti ofuna ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi aqaphele ithonya langempela levoti yazo.

Isimiso sokhetho singaphezu nje kwenqubo yamaprocedal − iyisici esinqumayo ukuthi idemokrasi izobonakaliswa futhi isetshenziswe kanjani. Noma uvota kukhetho lwendawo noma emncintiswaneni wesizwe, isimiso endaweni sinesimo sokukhetha kwakho, indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo, futhi ekugcineni indlela izimiso ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sizokusiza ukuba uqonde izilinganiso ze-intricatics zezimiso zokhetho, ukuthi kungani ivota yakho ngayinye ithwala isisindo, nokuthi izindlela zokuvota ezihlukene zingaveza kanjani imiphumela ehlukene kakhulu.

Izisekelo Zezimiso Ze - electoral

Isimiso sokhetho siyimithetho nezimiso ezilawula indlela amavoti afakwa ngayo, abalwa ngayo, futhi ashintshwa ngayo abe izihlalo ezisendikimbeni yemithetho noma izikhundla zegunya lokubusa. Lezizimiso zihluka kakhulu emazweni futhi ngisho naphakathi kwamazinga ahlukene kahulumeni ezweni elifanayo. Ukukhethwa kwesimiso sokhetho kuthinta kakhulu ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe, izimiso zeqembu, ukuziphatha kovoti, kanye nokusebenza kwentando yeningi.

Kumelwe siphendule yonke isimiso sokhetho ngemibuzo eminingana eyisisekelo: Imaphi amavoti ahlukaniswayo? Imuphi umgodi okumelwe ufinyelele ukuze uphumelele? Izindawo ezikhethiwe noma izimemezelo ezimisiwe zichazwa kanjani? Ingabe isimiso kufanele sifake phambili ukumelelwa kwendawo noma ukubonakaliswa okulinganayo kwezwe? Izimpendulo zalemibuzo zithinta kanjani isimo sezombangazwe futhi zinqume ukuthi amazwi ahlukile azwakala ngokuphumelelayo kangakanani emphakathini.

Injongo Yezimiso Ze - electoral

Izimiso ze-Electoral zifeza imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi ekubusweni kwentando yeningi. Okokuqala, zinikeza indlela engokomthetho yokudlulisela amandla ngokuthula esekelwe entando yabantu. Lokhu kusemthethweni kubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwezombangazwe nasekuthembeni umphakathi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi okhethweni lulungile nokuthi izinto abazivotayo zilungile, zisengozini kakhulu ukwamukela imiphumela yokukhetha ngisho nalapho abathandi babo bengawi.

Ngaphandle komthetho, izimiso zokhetho zijonge ukuguqula izintando zomphakathi ezihlukahlukene zibe izakhiwo ezibusayo ezisebenzayo. Kumelwe zilinganisele izindinganiso ezincintisanayo ezinjengokulingana, ukulandisa, ukuba lula, nokuphumelela. Isimiso esihlelwe kahle sikhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kabanzi, simelela imibono ehlukene, siveza ohulumeni abaqinile abakwaziyo ukusebenzisa izimiso, futhi sigcina izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinomthwalo wemfanelo ezinkonzweni zazo.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kwezimiso Zokusakaza Imisindo

Izimiso ze-Electoral ziye zashintsha kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando, zibonisa ukushintsha kwezindinganiso zomphakathi namafilosofi ezombangazwe. Ukuhlola kobuntando yeningi kwakuqala kwalinganisela amalungelo okuvota kubantu abazakhela impahla, kancane kancane anwebeka emakhulwini eminyaka ukuze kuhlanganiswe zonke izakhamuzi ezindala kungakhathaliseki ubulili, uhlanga, noma isimo sezomnotho. Lokhu kwanda kokufinyelela kwentando yeningi kuye kwaba okunye kokufezwa okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.

Izindlela zokuvota nazo ziye zashintsha ngokuphawulekayo. i-Athens yasendulo yasebenzisa isimiso sentando yeningi esiqondile lapho izakhamuzi zivotela khona ngokuqondile ngokomthetho, kuyilapho izikhulu ezimelela idemokrasi ezikhethiwe zanamuhla zenza izinqumo ngenxa yezikhulu. I-colot eyimfihlo, manje ebhekwa njengebalulekile okhethweni olukhululekile nolungakhethi, yathathwa kabanzi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka nasekuqaleni kwelama-20. Namuhla, izimiso zokhetho ziyaqhubeka zibhebhebhetheka ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izimpikiswano ngokuguqula inguquko yezobuchwepheshe, nemizamo eqhubekayo yokwenza ukuvota kutholakaleke futhi kulondeke ngokwengeziwe.

Izinhlobo Ezinkulu Zezimiso Zomoya Emhlabeni Wonke

Izimiso zezokuvota zingahlukaniswa zibe ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nezithiyo. Ukuqonda lezizindlela ezihlukahlukene kusiza ekukhanyeni ukuthi kungani imiphumela yemishini ingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe anezimo ezifanayo zezombangazwe kodwa izimiso zokuvota ezihlukile.

Ukwehlukahluka Kwemvelo Nezimiso Ezinkulu

Izimiso ze-pultural, ezaziwa nangokuthi "isiqalo-semuva-post", ziphakathi kwezindlela zokhetho ezilula nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Kulezi zimiso, umvoti othola amavoti amaningi kakhulu ekunqotshweni kwemvume, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufinyelela inani elikhulu kangakanani. Lesimiso sisetshenziswa emazweni anjenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, iCanada, ne-Indiya kukhetho lwemithetho.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yezimiso zobuningi ilula nokucaca kwazo. Abaqondisi bayaqonda ukuthi bakhetha umlandeli oyedwa, futhi umuntu othola amavoti amaningi uyaphumelela. Lesi simiso sivame ukuveza ohulumeni abaqinile, abaqinile ngoba ngokuvamile siphumela ekuzuzeni ingxenye enkulu yezihlalo ngisho noma ingawinanga inani elikhulu lamavoti ezweni lonke. Ibuye ibangele ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwabameleli nezindawo zabo, ikhuthaza ukulandisa kwendawo.

Nokho, izimiso zobuningi zinemiphumela ephawulekayo. Zingaveza imiphumela enzima kakhulu lapho isabelo sezihlalo seqembu singafanelani nesabelo salo samavoti. Amavoti alahlekelwayo ngokuyisisekelo "apholisiwe," anganqanda abasekeli beqembu elincane ekuvoteleni. Lesimiso sithambekele ekukhetheni isimiso esinezigaba ezimbili futhi sikwazi ukucubungula imibono emincane. Ezindaweni ezihlukene kakhulu, umxhasi angawina ngokuthola ukusekelwa okungaphansi kakhulu kweningi, siphakamise imibuzo ephathelene nokuzimisela kwabo ukubusa.

Izimiso ezinkulu zidinga abazowina ngaphezu kwengxenye yamavoti afuna ukukhethwa. Isimiso esivamile esihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili, esisetshenziswa emazweni anjengeFrance okhethweni lukamongameli. Uma kungekho mjikelezo ofinyelela iningi emzuzwaneni wokuqala, umjikelezo wesibili uphakathi kwabaphambili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umzuzisi ophumelele ekugcineni usekelwa kakhulu, nakuba kudingeka ukuba aphindele kokhetho futhi angabiza kakhulu ukunikeza izinqumo.

Izimiso Zokumelela

Izimiso zePropotioneal (PR) zijonge ukwabela izihlalo ngokwezivoti ezitholwa yilungu ngalinye. Uma iqembu liwina amaphesenti angu-30 evoti, kufanele lithole cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ezihlalo. Lezi zimiso zisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise ne-Netherlands, i-Sweden, i-Spain, ne-Israel, kanye namazwe ase-Latin America njenge-Brazil ne-Argentina.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokumelelwa ngokwesilinganiso yisimiso seqembu, lapho abavoti bekhetha khona umbuthano kunokuba bakhethe abazobhapathizwa. Amadili akhona abelwa uhlu lwabazobhapathizwa, futhi izihlalo zabelwa ngokwesabelo seqembu lokuvota. Ezinye izimiso zisebenzisa uhlu oluvaliweyo lapho umkhandlu unquma uhlelo lwabazobhapathizwa, kuyilapho uhlu oluvulekile luvumela abavoti ukuba bathonye abakhethwe eqenjini labo abakhethiwe.

Ukumelelwa kwe-proportation kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana eziphawulekayo. Kuveza izindikimba zemithetho ezibonisa ngokuseduze izintando zezombangazwe zokhetho, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imibono ehlukahlukene imelelwe. Amaqembu amancane namaqembu amancane anethuba elingcono lokuzuza, ukukhuthaza ubuningi bezombangazwe. Amavoti ambalwa "ayenziwe" ngoba ngisho namaqembu asekelwa ngesilinganiso esiphansi angathola izihlalo, ezingandisa ukuvota nokwaneliseka ngenqubo yentando yeningi.

Izinselele zokumelelwa ngokwesilinganiso zihlanganisa ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe, lapho amaqembu amaningi amancane enza kube nzima ukwakha imifelandawonye eqinile. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwabameleli nezindawo ezithile kungaba buthakathaka, okungase kunciphise ukulandisa kwendawo. Ohulumeni bezesivumelwano, nakuba bemelela izigaba eziningi zomphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nokungantengantengi noma ukuholele ekuyekiseni kwenqubo okunganeliseki muntu ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ze-PR zingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba abavoti baqonde uma kuqhathaniswa nezimiso ezivamile zomphakathi.

Izimiso Ezixubile Nezinhlanzi

Aqaphela ukuthi kokubili ubuningi nezimiso zokulinganisa zinamandla nobuthakathaka, amazwe amaningi aye athatha izimiso ezixubene ezihlanganisa izici zombili. Isibonelo esivelele kakhulu isimiso esixubene nezingxenye ze-MMP esisetshenziswa eJalimane, eNew Zealand, nakwamanye amazwe amaningana.

Esimisweni se-MMP esivamile, abavoti bafaka amavoloti amabili: elinye lommeleli wobukhoma bendawo (okhethwe ngobuningi) nelinye loluhlu lweqembu (ngokuvumelana). Izihlalo ezihambelanayo zibe sezihlukaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukumelelwa kweqembu ngalinye kufana nokuvota kwalo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Lesimiso sihlose ukulondoloza izinzuzo zokumelelwa kwendawo kuyilapho kufinyelelwa ukulingana kwesimiso sonke esisemkhandlwini yomthetho.

Ezinye izimiso ezixubene zihlanganisa izinhlelo ezihambelanayo, lapho ubuningi nezici ezihambelanayo zisebenza khona ngaphandle kwezimiso zokuhlanganisa, nezimiso ezisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene emagumbini ahlukene esishaya - mthetho se-bimeral. Lezi zinqubo ezixubeneyo zizama ukulinganisela izindinganiso zentando yeningi ezincintisanayo futhi zingahlotshaniswa nempucuko yezwe ethile yezombangazwe nezidingo.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokusakaza Imikhiqizo

Ngalé kwezigaba ezinkulu, kuye kwahlongozwa noma kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezimbalwa zokuvota ukuze kuxoxwe ngezidingo ezithile eziphathelene nokungakhethi nokumelelwa. Ukuvota okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvota okusheshayo noma ukuvota okuthandwayo kuvumela abavoti ukuba bahlele izigaba ngokulandelana. Uma kungekho mvoti owina iningi lamavoti okuqala, umvoti ovota abambalwa kakhulu uyasuswa futhi amavoti abo akhishwe ngokwentando yesibili. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho othile efinyelela inani elikhulu.

Kusetshenziswa ukuvota okunezikhundla eziphambili e-Australia ekukhetheni uhulumeni futhi kuye kwamukelwa amadolobha amaningana e-United States ngokhetho lwendawo. Kunganciphisa umkhankaso onzima ngoba abazobhapathizwa banesisusa sokunxusa abanye abazovota nge-parence yesibili. Kususa futhi ukuvota "ompel project" lapho abavoti abafana nabo behlukanisa khona ivoti, bevumela abavoti ukuba basekele ukukhetha kwabo kwangempela ngaphandle kokwesaba ukusiza ekukhetheni abambalwa abafuna ukuvota.

Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa ukuvota, lapho abavoti bengavotela khona abaningi abazovota njengoba bevuma, futhi bevota, lapho abavoti ngamunye ngokwesilinganiso. Nakuba lezizimiso zinezinzuzo ezicatshangelwayo ngokuveza okuthandwa yivoti ngokunembile ngokwengeziwe, zihlala zingavamile kakhulu ekuvoteleni futhi zingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba abavoti baqonde futhi izikhulu zokhetho ukuba ziqondise.

Okwenza Ukukhuluma Kwakho Kube Okubalulekile Ngempela

Naphezu kobunkimbinkimbi bezimiso zokukhetha kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu sokhetho lwanamuhla, amavoti angabantu abaluleke ngempela ngezindlela eziningi.

Izibalo Ezihambisana Nezinqumo

Umlando ugcwele izibonelo zokhetho olunqunywa yi-nsinsile-tin esendaweni lapho ivoti eyodwa yabonakala ibalulekile khona. Kukhetho lukamongameli wase-U.S. ngo 2000, umphumela waxhomeke emiphumeleni yeFlorida, eyanqunywa ngamavoti acishe abe izigidi eziyisithupha kuphela afakwa esifundazweni. Lo mkhawulo ka-0.009% wanquma ukumiswa kwe-United States futhi walungisa ezombangazwe zembulunga yonke iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Ukhetho lwendawo luvame ukusondelana kakhulu. Imijaho yomkhandlu wesigqebhezana sasedolobheni, ukhetho lwezikole, nemincintiswano yemithetho yesifundazwe inqunywa njalo ngamavoti ambalwa. Ngo-2017, i-Virginia House of Bavenss iphele ngophawu oluqondile, ekugcineni inqunywe ngokudweba igama esitsheni. Lesihlalo esisodwa sanquma ukuthi yimaphi iqembu elalilawula leligumbi. Lezizibonelo zibonisa ukuthi umqondo wokuvota okungabalulekile awukho ngokwezibalo.

Ngisho nakukhetho olunganqunywa ngemikhawulo emincane, ivoti yakho ifaka imvume kanye ngokomthetho womnqobi. Umdlali owinayo ngokugobozela umhlaba uthola inhloko - dolobha yezombangazwe enkulu ukuze asebenzise uhlelo lwakhe kunalowo omane anqobile.

Ithonya Lomphakathi Nomphakathi

Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ivoti eyodwa iyodwa ayiwushintshi umphumela wokhetho, ukuvota ngokuyinhloko kuyisenzo esihlanganyelwe. Uma uvota, awuwedwa, uyingxenye yomphakathi wezakhamuzi ezisebenzisa amalungelo azo entando yeningi. Uma wonke umuntu ohlanganyela imibono yakho yezombangazwe enquma ukuthi ukuvota kwabo ngabanye akunandaba futhi kuhlale ekhaya, ithonya leqembu liyoba likhulu.

Isinqumo sakho sokuvota sithonya nabanye futhi kwi-web site yakho. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kokuvota kuthelelana nabantu. Uma abantu bebazi abangane babo, amalungu omkhaya, nomakhelwane babo bevota, basengozini enkulu yokuvota bona ngokwabo. Ngokuhlanganyela, awumane ukhuthaza abanye ukuba bahlanganyele, ukwandisa ithonya lakho enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Le ngxenye yezenhlalo yokuvota idlulela ngalé kwezinga eliseduze. Umvoti omkhulu uthumela umyalezo mayelana nokuthembisana komphakathi nempilo yentando yeningi. Kuwuphawu lokukhetha izikhulu ukuthi izakhamuzi ziyazinaka futhi ziyazibheka njengezinecala.

Imiphumela Yokumelelwa Nezimiso

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zenza izinqumo ezindabeni ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke: ukuxhasa ngemfundo, isimiso sokunakekela impilo, ukutshala izakhiwo, imithetho yendawo ezungezile, amazinga entela, ukwahlulela ngokulunga kobugebengu, nezinye izindaba ezingenakubalwa. Ngokuvota, uyakwazi ukunquma indlela yokuqondisa isimiso somphakathi.

Izazi zezombangazwe ziqaphela ukuthi obani abavotayo. Amaqembu anezinga eliphakeme athola ukunakekela okwengeziwe kubavoti nabezikhulu abakhethiwe ngoba bamelela iqembu lokuvota elinokwethenjelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho intsha ivota ngamazinga aphansi kunezakhamuzi ezindala, imithetho ithambekele ekusekeleni izithakazelo zabavoti abadala. Ngokuvota njalo, uqinisekisa ukuthi imicimbi yeqembu lenani lezakhamuzi ithathwa ngokungathi sína yilabo abasegunyeni.

Ithonya lesimiso sokuvota lidlulela nangaphandle kokhetho ngalunye. Ukuhlela isimo sezombangazwe esikhathini esithile kulololonga isimo nethonya elikhona lapho kunezimpikiswano ezithathwa khona. Ukuhlanganyela njalo kukhetho kuwo wonke amazinga “‘ endaweni, isifundazwe, nesizwe, nokuveza icala nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka esabela ezidingweni nasezintweni ezithandwa yizakhamuzi.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Nezinhlangano Ezibusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukuqamba akukona nje ukukhetha abazobhapathizwa noma izinkambiso − ukulwela nokuvikela amalungelo entando yeningi ayisisekelo. Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu abaningi baye balwa, badela, futhi baze bafela ilungelo lokuvota. Emazweni amaningi, ukuvota komhlaba wonke kuyimpumelelo yamuva, enqotshwe amashumi eminyaka yizinhlangano zabesifazane ezilwayo, abashisekeli bamalungelo omphakathi, nabashisekeli bentando yeningi.

Lapho uvota, uyalihlonipha lelifa futhi usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amalungelo entando yeningi alondolozwa izizukulwane ezizayo. Izinhlangano zedemocratic ziqiniswa ngokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlanganyela njalo, ngokunamandla okhethweni kubonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ziyawazisa amalungelo azo entando yeningi futhi zizimisele ukuhlanganyela enqubweni yezombangazwe. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni ukuthambekela kwempoqo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka elandisa kubantu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izakhamuzi zidedelela ekuvotelweni, izinhlangano zentando yeningi zingaba buthaka. Ukugwema kungadala amathuba okuba ithonya elikhethekile libangele ithonya elingenakulinganiswa, kunciphise ukufaneleka kukahulumeni, futhi kukwenze kube lula ngamandla edemokrasi ukuba athole igunya. ukuvota kwakho kuyindlela yokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi okusiza ekulondolozeni impilo namandla okuzilawula.

Indlela Izimiso Zokwethaba Ezithonya Ngayo Imiphumela Yezombangazwe

Ukukhethwa kwesimiso sokhetho kunezimiphumela ezinkulu ekumelelweni kwezombangazwe, ezinhlanganweni, ekuziphatheni kwabavoti, nasekubuseni. Ukuqonda lemiphumela kusiza abavoti ukuba baqonde indlela imithetho yemiphumela yemidlalo elawulayo engokwezombangazwe nokuthi kungani ngokuvamile inguquko yeqembu iyimbangela ephikisanayo.

Umphumela Ezimisweni Zeqembu

Izimiso ze-Electoral zithonya kakhulu inani nohlobo lwamaqembu ezombangazwe ezweni. Lobubuhlobo buchazwa yi-Duverger’s Law, isimiso sezesayensi sezombangazwe esiphawula ukuthi izimiso zokukhetha ngobuningi zithanda izimiso ezinezigaba ezimbili, kuyilapho ukumelelwa ngokwezilinganiso kukhuthaza izimiso eziningi.

Ezimisweni eziningi, abavoti bavame ukuvota, bengasekeli ukuvota okuthandwa kakhulu kodwa kunalokho basekela "ukungabikho kwezenzo ezimbili ezimbi" phakathi kwabafuna ukuphumelela ngethuba elingokoqobo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngamaqembu esithathu ukuba athole i-transport, njengobavoti "ahlwitha" ukuvota kwabo kwabazobhapathizwa okungalindelekile ukuwina. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kudala isimiso sokuzifunela izigaba ezimbili lapho amaqembu amancane ezama khona ukuncintisana.

Izinqubo zokumelelwa kwezindawo, ngokuphambene, zivumela amalungu amancane ukuba azuze ukumelelwa ngisho nangengxenye elinganiselwe yamavoti. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa nokusinda kweqembu, kuholela ezimisweni eziningi lapho ohulumeni abahlangene bevame khona. Abashicileli bazizwa bekhululekile kakhulu ukusekela izintando zabo zeqiniso kusukela ngisho namaqembu anezinhlangothi ezingu-5-10% zamavoti angazuza izihlalo futhi athonye inqubo ngezingxoxo zomfelandawonye.

Inani lamaqembu esimisweni lithinta inkulumo yezombangazwe, izinketho zesimiso, nokubusa. Izimiso ezimbili zinganikeza ukukhetha okucacile nohulumeni abaqinile kodwa zingangameleli izinhlobonhlobo zemibono yezombangazwe. Izimiso eziningi zinikeza ukubukeka okuhlukene kakhulu kodwa zingaholela ezingxoxweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuhlangano nohulumeni abangase bantengantenge.

Ukumelelwa Kwamaqembu Amancane Namaqembu Ahlukahlukene

Izimiso zokhetho ezihlukene zihluka kakhulu ekutheni zimelela amaqembu amancane, abesifazane, kanye namanye amanani angaphansi. Izimiso zokuthwebula izimpahla ngokuvamile zinikeza amaqembu ahlukahlukene imiklamo engcono ngoba amaqembu angahlanganisa abazothatha izizinda ezihlukahlukene ezisohlwini, futhi amaqembu amancane amelela imiphakathi ethile angazuza izihlalo.

Ezimisweni eziningi, ukumelelwa kwedlanzana kuxhomeke kakhulu ekugxileni kwezwe. Uma iqembu elincane ligxile ezifundeni ezithile, lingakhetha abameleli. Nokho, uma behlakazekile ezifundeni eziningi, bangase bantule ukumelelwa naphezu kwezibalo ezinkulu. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ezingxabanweni ngokudwetshwa kwesigodi nokukhathazwa kokusetshenziswa kwemingcele yesifunda ukuze bathande amaqembu athile noma amaqembu.

Amanye amazwe aye athatha izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa ukumelelwa kwamaqembu angaphansi. Lezi zihlanganisa izihlalo ezigcinelwe abesifazane noma amadlanzana, izilinganiso ezifuna amanani anele ezihlanganisa amaphesenti angaphansi kwabesifazane abazobhapathizwa, kanye nezifunda ezikhethekile ezikhethelwa abantu bomdabu.

Ukuqina Nokuphumelela Kukahulumeni

Izimiso ze-Electoral zithonya ukuzinza nokuphumelela kohulumeni ngezindlela ezibalulekile. Izimiso zokuzivumelanisa zithambekele ekukhiqizeni ohulumeni abaningi abayingxenye eyodwa abangasebenzisa izinhlelo zabo ngaphandle kokuxoxa kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqondiseni okuwujuqu kakhulu nasekuphenduleni okucacile.

Nokho, ohulumeni ababodwa abakhethwe ngaphansi kwezimiso eziningi bangase bantule ukusekela okubanzi. Iqembu lingase lizuze izihlalo eziningi ezithokomele ezinezihlalo ezingu- 35-40% kuphela uma amavoti okuphikiswa ehlukene phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokugunyaza kwentando yeningi kohulumeni abangameleli okuthandwa yizivoti eziningi.

Izimiso zokumelelwa kwezindawo zivame ukwenza ohulumeni abahlangene abamelela izingxenye ezibanzi zomphakathi. Lemifelandawonye kumelwe izwane futhi iyekethise, okungathatha izikhundla eziqinile futhi iveze izinqubo ezilinganiselwe ngokusekela okukhulu. Nokho, izingxoxo zokubambisana zingaba zinde, futhi ohulumeni abahlangene bangase bangazinzi uma abangane bengavumelani ngezindaba eziyinhloko. Ezimweni ezinzima, amazwe anezimiso zeqembu ezihlukene kakhulu angabhekana nezinguquko ezivamile zikahulumeni nezintengantenga yezombangazwe.

Ukuzinikela Nokuhlanganyela

Izimiso ze-Electoral zithinta umvoti nokuthembisana ngezindlela eziningi. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi izimiso zokuhlela ngokuvamile zinezivoti ezingcono kunezimiso zobuningi. Lokhu kungaba ngoba abavoti banomuzwa wokuthi amavoti abo cishe awaba "waziswa" ezimisweni zePR, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi kunikeza ukukhetha okwengeziwe okuvumelana nokukhetha komvoti.

Ukuncintisana kokhetho nakho kuthonya ukuvela. Ezimisweni eziningi, izigodi eziningi "izihlalo ezilondekile" lapho umncintiswano oyedwa ephumelela khona ngezindawo ezinkulu. Kulezizifunda kungase kuzwe ukuthi izinto ezihilelekile zinciphile, zingacindezela. Ngokuphambene, izifunda ezincintisanayo lapho okhetho lusondele khona zithambekele ekubeni nezikhundla eziphakeme njengezivoti eziqaphela ithonya lazo.

Izimiso zemishini eziyinkimbinkimbi zingathinta nokuhlanganyela. Izimiso ezilula zingaba lula ngabavoti ukuba baziqonde, bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo. Nokho, izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezibamba abavoti abakhethayo ngokungcono zingandisa ukwaneliseka ngentando yeningi nokuthembisana isikhathi eside, ngisho noma zidinga imfundo eyengeziwe yabavoti ekuqaleni.

I - Electoral College: Isimiso Esiyingqayizivele SaseMelika

IUnited States isebenzisa isimiso esihlukile sokhetho lukamongameli esihluke kakhulu kokubili kuyizimiso zevoti ezithandwayo nezimiso zephalamende ezivamile. IElectoral College ibilokhu iyindaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo futhi ifanelwe ukuhlolisiswa njengesibonelo sendlela izimiso zokukhetha ezingaveza ngayo imiphumela engalindelekile.

Indlela I - Electoral College Esebenza Ngayo

Kunokuba ikhethe umongameli ngokuqondile ngevoti ethandwa yisizwe, amaMelika avotela abavoti abe sebevotela umongameli. Umbuso ngamunye uthola inani labavoti elilingana nohlobo lwawo oluphelele (amalungu endlu kanye nezifeta ezimbili). Izifundazwe eziningi zisebenzisa isimiso esinqobayo lapho umdlali owinayo kulelozwe athola khona zonke izivoti zakhe ezikhethiwe.

Ukuze awine umongameli, umvoti ozokhetha kufanele athole amavoti amaningi (manje angama-70 kuya ku-58). Lesi simiso sisho ukuthi imikhankaso kamongameli igxile kakhulu "kumazwe ahambayo" lapho umphumela ungaqinisekile, kuyilapho inganaki kakhulu ukuthi ivoti ethembekile eqediwe eqenjini elilodwa. Kusho futhi ukuthi ozovota angazuza umongameli kuyilapho elahlekelwa ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe, njengoba kwenzeka ngo- 2000 no-2016.

I-Electoral College yasungulwa njengesivumelwano phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo, iveza ukukhathazeka ngedemokrasi eqondile, izinkinga ezisebenzayo zokhetho lwesizwe ngekhulu le-18, nesifiso sokulinganisela amandla phakathi kwezifunda ezinkulu nezincane. Nakuba isimiso sokuqala siye sashintshwa kakhulu ngeSichibiyelo se-12 kanye nokwanda kwamalungelo okuvota.

Izimpikiswano Ze - Electoral College Eziya Kuqulwa Nazo

Abasekeli be-Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi ilondoloza ubuzwe ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abazokuba abaphethe umongameli kumelwe bakhe imifelandawonye ehlukahlukene kakhulu kunokuba bamane bakhange amadolobheni andayo. Baphikisa ngokuthi ivikela izithakazelo zamazwe amancane nezindawo zasemaphandleni ezingase zinganakwa esimisweni sokuvota esithandwayo. I-Electoral College iveza abanqobi abacacile, igwema isidingo sezwe lonke ekukhetheni.

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi i-Electoral College ayikho idemocratic ngokuyisisekelo ngoba ingaveza imiphumela ephikisana nevoti ethandwayo. Baveza ukuthi inikeza ithonya elingalinganiyo kumavoti ezifundazweni ezijikijelwayo kuyilapho yenza amavoti emazweni angewona abalulekile. Isimiso futhi sinikeza ithonya elincane kakhulu kumphakathi ngamunye, eliphula isimiso somuntu oyedwa, ivoti eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila ekuvoteleni kuveza ukuthi abaholi bangaphansi kombuso bazishaya indiva izikhalo ezikhathazayo zabavoti ngokwezimo ezingekhona ukuncintisana.

Impikiswano nge - Electoral College ibonisa ukungezwani okukhulu emfundisweni yentando yeningi ekhona phakathi kokubusa kweningi nezinye izindinganiso ezinjengobuzwe, ukuma kwezwe, nokuvikelwa kwezithakazelo ezincane. Kubonisa futhi indlela izimiso zokukhetha ezingaba nemiphumela emikhulu ngayo enqubweni yezombangazwe, ukuziphatha komkhankaso, futhi ekugcineni konqoba okhethweni nokubusa.

Izithiyo Zokusakaza Nemizamo Yokwandisa Ingxenye

Nakuba ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izindaba zakho zokuvota zibalulekile, empeleni ukusebenzisa lelolungelo kudinga ukunqoba imingcele ehlukahlukene engavimbela noma iqede ukuhlanganyela.

Izakhiwo Nezithiyo Zokuphatha

Imingcele eminingi ekuvoteni isakhiwo noma i-athority isesimweni esiqinile. Izimfuneko zokubhalisa zingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zidida, kanye nezinsuku ezidlulayo ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. Amanye ama-guvernet anezimfuneko eziqinile zokuhlukanisa ezingase zibe nzima kakhulu ukuba abantu abathile, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi esezikhulile, abantu abathola imali ephansi, kanye nentsha engase iswela amalayisensi omshayeli noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-ID ezamukelekayo.

Isikhathi nendawo yokhetho nakho kungadala imigoqo. Ukuba nokhetho phakathi kwamahora uma abantu besebenza kwenza kube nzima ngezisebenzi ezingakwazi ukuthatha isikhathi. Imigqa emide ezindaweni zokuhlola, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingatholi sisekelo esiphezulu, ingakuvimbela ukuhlanganyela. Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni noma ukukhetha okungekhoyo kuvimbela ukuvumelana nezimiso ezicindezelayo noma izinselele zokuhamba.

Kubantu abakhubazekile, ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuhlola kungaba yisithiyo esiphawulekayo. Imingcele yolimi ingavimbela izikhulumi ezingamele isiNgisi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokugcwele enqubweni yokuvota. Ngaphambili abantu ababevalelwe ejele babhekene nemingcele yokuvota ezindaweni eziningi, ngisho nangemva kokuqeda imigwebo yabo. Ngamunye wale migoqo uthinta imiphakathi ethile ngokungenakulinganiswa, ibangela ukukhathazeka ngokufinyelela i-francise.

Izithiyo Ezingokwengqondo Nezenhlalo

Ngaphandle kwezithiyo zesakhiwo, izici zengqondo nezezenhlalo zingakudumaza ukuvota. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezombangazwe nokugxeka, umuzwa wokuthi ezombangazwe zikhohlakele noma ukuthi zonke izazi zezombangazwe zifana, kungaholela abantu ekuhlukanisweni kwenqubo yokukhetha. Ubunzima bezindaba nomthamo wokwaziswa (nokwaziswa okunganembile) kungaba namandla amakhulu, okwenza abanye abavoti bazizwe bengakufanelekeli ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini.

Ukubekwa indiva kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kungadala umuzwa wokuthi isimiso sezombangazwe asimeleli noma asikhathaleli imiphakathi ethile. Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi izinkathazo zabo azinakwa njalo yizikhulu ezikhethiwe, bangase baphethe ngokuthi ukuvota akusizi. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo onzima: ukugwenywa okuphansi phakathi kwamaqembu akweqisiwe kuholela abezombangazwe ukuba bagxile kwabavoti abathembekile, okuthi ngokuqhubekayo bathathele eceleni futhi baqinise isinqumo sabo sokungahlanganyeli.

Ukuntuleka kwemfundo yomphakathi kungomunye umgoqo obalulekile. Izakhamuzi eziningi aziqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi uhulumeni usebenza kanjani, ukuthi amahhovisi anjani, noma ukuthi zingabahlola kanjani abafuna ukuvota noma amabhayisethi. Ngaphandle kwalolulwazi, ithemba lokuvota lingasabisa kunokuba linike amandla. Izikole zifeza indima ebalulekile emfundweni yomphakathi, kodwa izimiso eziningi zemfundo zinikeza imfundo elinganiselwe ngokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo kwezombangazwe.

Izinguquko Zokwandisa Ukuhlanganyela

Uma ziqaphela lezi zithiyo, izifunda eziningi ziye zamisa izinguquko ezihloselwe ukuthatha iqhaza. Ukuvota okuzenzekelayo, lapho izakhamuzi ezifanelekele zibhaliswa khona ukuba zivote lapho zisebenzelana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge-DMV, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi zindisa kakhulu amazinga okubhaliswa. Ukubhaliswa kosuku olulodwa, ukuvumela abantu ukuba babhalise futhi bavote ngosuku lokuvota, kususa isithiyo sokuhlela kusengaphambili nokuphoswa kwezinsuku ezimisiwe.

Ukundisa amakhetho okuvota ngezikhathi zokuvota zakuqala, akukho zimiso zokuvota ezingekhoyo, futhi izimiso zokuvota ngeposi kwenza abavoti bavumelane ngokwengeziwe nokuhlanganyela ezimisweni zabo. Amanye ama-oventive aye enza usuku lokhetho lube iholide noma ashukumisela okhetho ukuba lube izimpelasonto ukuba lunciphise izingxabano ngezikhathi zomsebenzi. Izimiso zokuvota zenza ukuba inqubo yokuvota ibe lula futhi ifinyeleleke, ikakhulukazi kwabasencane abavoti abakhululekileyo ngezindawo zokuhlola imishini.

Imizamo yokuthuthukisa imfundo yomphakathi ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zemfundo yezemfundo ezikoleni, imikhankaso yemfundo, neziqondiso zabavoti ezingenayo ezinikeza ukwaziswa okufinyelelekayo ngabazovotayo nezindaba. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zinendima ebalulekile ekubhalisweni kwamavoti, ukunikeza izinto zokuhamba eziphelweni zokuvota, nokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqondise inqubo yokuvota. Le mizamo yotshani ibaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini ebhekene nezithiyo zokuhlanganyela.

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuba nezinselele zokuhlanganyela ekwandiseni. Ukubhalisa kwevoti nezincwadi zokuvota nge-electronic kungavala inqubo yokuvota. Nokho, ukukhathazeka ngokungalondeki kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuthembeka kwezimiso zokuvota zemishini kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela. Ukulinganisela ukutholakala nokuphepha kuseyinselele kubaphathi bokhetho.

Ukwenza Imisebenzi Yakho Ibe Nenzuzo: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Ngokolwazi

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izindaba zakho zokuvota zisebenza kanjani nendlela izimiso zokuvota zisebenza ngayo kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuze uthuthukise ithonya lokuhlanganyela kwakho, kudingeka uthintane novoti njengesakhamuzi esinolwazi. Nawa amasu asebenzayo okubala amavoti akho.

Ukubhalisa Nokuhlala Ubhalisile

Imfuneko yokuqala yokuvota ibhaliswa. Qaphela ukubhalisa kwakho ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, njengoba imiqulu yamavoti isuswa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kungenziwa amaphutha. Uma usukile, ulishintshile igama lakho, noma ungavoti eminyakeni eminingana, qinisekisa ukuthi ukubhalisa kwakho kungokukhona. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza imvume yokubhalisa nge-intanethi zihlola unobhala wezwe noma ngamawebhusayithi ebhodi lokuvota.

Qonda imikhawulo nemfuneko yezwe lakho. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olulodwa, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga ukubhaliswa emasontweni ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma izincwadi ozozidinga kokubili ukuze ubhalise futhi uvote. Gcina ukwaziswa kwakho kokubhalisa kuthuthukisiwe noma ushintshe ulwazi lwakho siqu.

Ukucwaninga Izindaba Nezindaba

Kudingeka ukucwaninga okumisiwe. Qala ngokuphawula ukuthi iziphi izinyathelo ozovota ngazo. Nakuba izinhlanga zomongameli no-gubernary zinakwa kakhulu, amabhodi esikole, imikhandlu yamadolobha, namahhovisi esifunda ngokuvamile anethonya eliqondile ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ungazidebeseli lezi zinhlanga ezingontamo-mdlali.

Funa imithombo ethembekile, engathathi ngxenye yokwaziswa mayelana nabazobhapathizwa kanye nezindaba. Izinhlangano ezinjengeNhlangano yaMavoter zinikeza abavoti ukwaziswa komvoti kanye nezincazelo zezinyathelo zokuvota. Amaphephandaba endawo ngokuvamile anyathelisa ama-nautice abuza imibuzo kanye nokugunyaza. Amawebhusayithi akhangisayo kanye nemithombo yezenhlalakahle anganikeza ukwaziswa ngokuqondile emikhankasweni, nakuba lemithombo ngokusobala ithambekele ekuthatheni imingcele.

Bheka ngalé kweziqubulo nezikhangiso zokulwa ukuze uqonde ukuma nemibhalo yangempela yalabo abazofuna ukubhapathizwa. Kubantu abafuna ukugadla, hlola amarekhodi abo okuvota kanye nezinto ezifeziwe ehhovisi. Kubantu abafuna ukuphikisana, bheka okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo neziphakamiso eziqondile. Ungabaza izinkulumo ezibonakala zilungile kakhulu ukuba zingaba iqiniso noma ezithembele kakhulu ekukhandleni okungokomzwelo kunokusekela kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni eziyisisekelo.

Kunezilinganiso ze-collentam nama-athodendium, qonda imiphumela esheshayo nengase ibe mide. Funda umbhalo wangempela wezinyathelo uma kungenzeka, hhayi nje ukufingqa. Bheka ukuhlolwa ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise abasekeli nabaphikisi. Cabangela ukuthi ubani osekela futhi omelene nezinyathelo, ngoba lokhu kungaveza ukuthi izithakazelo zikabani ezisengozini.

Ukuqonda Ibhola Lakho

Ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, zijwayeze ivoti yakho. Izindawo eziningi zinikeza amavoti amasampula kuyi-intanethi abonisa lokho ozokubona lapho uvota. Bukeza i-collet eyisampuli futhi wenze amaphuzu ngokukhetha kwakho. Lokhu kulungiselela konga isikhathi endaweni yokuvota futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi awuzinaki izinhlanga noma izinyathelo.

Ukuqonda indlela yokuvota ozoyisebenzisa. Uzobe ufaka uphawu lwephepha lokuvota, usebenzisa umshini wokuthinta isibuko, noma ugcwalisa amagwebu azohlolwa? Yazi ukukhombisa ukukhetha kwakho ngokufanele nokuthi ungawalungisa kanjani amaphutha uma wenza. Uma ukhetha ngeposi, landela ngokucophelela yonke imiyalo yokuqeda nokubuyisela ibhola lakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibalo zikhona.

Ukuhlela Icebo Lakho Lokusebenzisa Imishini

Nquma ukuthi uzovota nini futhi kanjani. Uma uvota ngokushesha, cabangela ukuyisebenzisa ukuze ugweme imigqa engenzeka noma izinkinga ngosuku lokhetho. Uma uvota ngosuku lokhetho, hlela isikhathi ozoya kuso nendlela ozofika ngayo lapho. Yazi indawo yakho yokuvota namahora. Uma udinga ukuthuthwa, kuhlelwe kusengaphambili.

Zisa noma yisiphi isikhombi noma idokhumende edingekayo. Ngisho noma isimo sakho asinazimfuneko ze-ID eziqinile, ukuba nemininingwane ingabulula inqubo. Uma uvota ngeposi, thumela ibhola lakho phambi kosuku lokuthatha isikhathi ukubheka ukuthi ungalithatha nini iposi. Ezinye izifundazwe zikuvumela ukuba ulandelele i-odocle yakho yeposi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yamukelwa futhi yabaliwe.

Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokuvota − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene nempikiswano yokubhalisa, imigqa emide, imishini engasebenzi kahle, noma isabisayo − yazi amalungelo akho nendlela yokuthola usizo. Ama-Ecostation avikela i-frive nama-larms zokuvota angasiza ngezinkinga. Ungayishiyi indawo yokuvota uma ungatshelwa ukuthi ungavota ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi kungani futhi uhlole ukukhetha kwakho, okungahlanganisa ukufaka i-ocetator.

Ukukhuluma Kuzo Zonke Izinhlobo

Yandisa ithonya lakho ngokuvota kuyo yonke imincintiswano ephezulu kamongameli. Ukhetho lwendawo, ukhetho oluyinhloko, nokhetho olukhethekile, nokhetho oluthatha isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile kusuke kunciphile, okusho ukuthi ukuvota kwakho kulingana nobukhulu. Lo khetho luvame ukunquma izindaba ezithinta umphakathi wakho ngokuqondile, kusukela ekusekelweni kwezezimali kuya ekuthuthukeni kwezimiso zomthetho zendawo.

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lubaluleke kakhulu ngoba lunquma ukuthi obani abazokhethwa abavela ebhodini lokuvota elivamile. Ezizweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi labo ababuswa yiqembu elilodwa, ngokuyinhloko banquma umnqobi ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokuhlanganyela eziprimiry, unesisho esikhethwe yi-oprintaric futhi ungathonya ukuqondisa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe.

Ngalé Kokwazisa: Ezinye Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe

Nakuba ukuvota kubalulekile, akuyona indlela yodwa yokuhlanganyela ekubuseni ngentando yeningi. Cabangela ukuphelelisa ukhetho lwakho nezinye izinhlobo zokuthembisana. Hlanganisa abameleli bakho abakhethiwe ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo ngo-(zingcingo, ama-imeyili, nezincwadi ezivela kubantu abasebenza kwamanye amazwe zithonya izinqumo zemithetho. Yiba khona emahholo edolobha nasemihlanganweni yomphakathi ukuze uzwiwe ngokuqondile.

Zibophelele emikhankasweni noma zikwenze usekele. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zenkampano zenza izingcingo, zingqongqoze eminyango, zibhalise amavoti, futhi zisize ekukhipheni amavoti (imisebenzi engathinta imiphumela ephawulekayo yokukhetha. Hlanganisa izinhlangano zezempango zezentengiselwano ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo. Zinikele kwabazomnxeba noma zibangele uma ungakwazi, njengoba ngeshwa imali inendima ebalulekile kwezombangazwe zanamuhla.

Hlala wazi ngentuthuko yezombangazwe phakathi kokhetho. Landela imithombo yezindaba ethembekile, ukubheka amaqiniso, futhi uhlanganyele ezingxoxweni zezombangazwe ezihloniphekile nabantu abanemibono engafani. Hlanganisa ukwaziswa okunembile ngokuvota nokhetho nezinhlangano zakho zomphakathi. Khuthaza abangane nomkhaya ukuba babhalise futhi bavote.

Cabangela ukugijima uwedwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zendawo. Amabhodi esikole, imikhandlu yedolobha, namanye amahhovisi endawo ngokuvamile atholakala kuzakhamuzi ezivamile futhi anikeze amathuba okuzihlela ngokuqondile emphakathini wakini. Ngisho noma ungagijimi, ungasekela futhi ukhuthaze abafanelekayo abavela emaqenjini angaphansi kwabaphathi.

Ikusasa Lezimiso Zobu - Electoral Nokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi

Izimiso ze - electoral ziyaqhubeka ziguquka zisabela ekushintsheni kwezobuchwepheshe, ekushintsheni kwenani labantu nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nokumiswa kwentando yeningi.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokulondeka Kokukhetha

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuba amakhulu okwenza ukuvota kube lula, kodwa futhi kudala izinselele ezintsha zokuvota nge - Internet ezisalokhu ziphikisana ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuqopha, ukuqinisekisa, nokugcina imfihlo. Nakuba eminye imibuso ivumela ukuvota nge-intanethi kwamasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle noma kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, izazi eziningi zokuvota ziyaqhubeka zingabaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bukhona.

Ukulondeka kokhetho kuye kwaba yinto ekhathaza kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, nobufakazi bemizamo yokuphazamisa kwamanye amazwe kanye nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngokhuseleko lomshini wokuvota. Izindawo eziningi zibuyela emuva ephepheni noma emigwaqweni yephepha engahlolwa, ziqaphela ukuthi izimiso ze-electronic kuphela zingasenwa kalula futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa. Ukulinganisela ngengozi nezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokhetho.

Ama-minustry ne-information abangela ukusongela okukhulayo ebuqothweni bokhetho. Izinkulumo ezingamanga ngezinqubo zokhetho, ukukhwabanisa, nemiphumela zingase zinciphise ukuthembela komphakathi ekubuseni ngentando yeningi. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana ayizici ezibangela ukusakazwa kokwaziswa okudukisayo, okudinga izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ukufunda nokuqinisekisa kolwazi lwemithombo yezindaba. Ukulinganisela inkululeko nesidingo sokulwa nokudukiswa okuyingozi kuseyinselele enkulu.

Izinkampani Ezishintshayo Ezinethonya

Imibuso eminingi icabangela noma isebenzisa izinguquko ze-votorism ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukumelelwa nokuhlanganyela. Ukuvota nge-kankice kuye kwathola imvume emadolobheni amaningana ase-U.S. njengoba abameleli bephikisana ngakho kunciphisa ukukhankanya okungakhiyo futhi kuqeda ukuhlukana kwamavoti. Amanxusa okuvota azimele asungulwa ukunciphisa i-gerrymanindering futhi adale izigodi ezikhethayo.

Inguquko yezezimali ilokhu iyimpikiswano engapheli, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngendima yemali kwezombangazwe nendlela yokulinganisela amalungelo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile kanye nezinkathazo ngabanikele abacebile nezithakazelo ezikhethekile ezinethonya elingalingani. Amanye amagunya aye asungula izimiso zezimali zomphakathi noma izinhlelo ezihambelanayo ukuze andise amazwi ezakhamuzi ezivamile.

Imizamo yokwandisa amalungelo okuvota iyaqhubeka, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zokubuyisela amalungelo okuvota kubantu ababeboshiwe, ukwehlisa inkathi yokuvota, nokwenza usuku lokhetho lube iholide lesizwe.

Izinguquko Zezibalo Nezimemezelo Zezombangazwe

Izinguquko zezibalo zilungisa kabusha izombangazwe ezikhethayo emazweni amaningi. Ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo, izinguquko zezizukulwane, nokuguqukela kwamadolobha kushintsha ukuhlangana kwezombangazwe kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Izimiso ze-Electoral kumelwe zivumelane nokuqinisekiswa kokuma okulungile kwemiphakathi eshintshayo kuyilapho zilondoloza ukuzinza ngokomthetho.

Ukumelelwa kwabesifazane nedlanzana ehhovisi elikhethiwe kuye kwathuthuka emashumini eminyaka amuva kodwa kusengaphansi kwengxenye yabo yomphakathi emazweni amaningi.

Ukungafani kwezizukulwane ekuhlanganyeleni kwezombangazwe nokukhetha okuthandwayo kubalulekile. Abavoti abasebasha bathambekele ekusekeleni izinqubo ezihlukahlukene kunabantu abadala abavoti futhi ngokuvamile bakhetha izindlela ezihlukene zokuthembisana kwezombangazwe. Izimiso zobu - Ellector namasu omkhankaso kuvumelanisa ukufinyelela abavoti abasebasha ngemithombo yezokuxhumana nangamapulatifomu, nakuba ukukhathazeka ngentsha kuphikelela.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngentando Yeningi

Izimiso ze-Electoral nemikhuba yentando yeningi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi amazwe angafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho komunye nomunye. Ukugada kokhetho lwezizwe zonke kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukhethwe ngesihle nangobulungisa futhi kunikeze amathuba okuhlanganyela imikhuba emihle. Izinhlangano ezinjenge International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Consolation (IDEA) zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi nokusekela intuthuko yentando yeningi embulungeni yonke.

Ukuqonda lezi zimo zembulunga yonke kunikeza izinkulumo - mpikiswano zasekhaya futhi kusikhumbuza ukuthi ukubusa ngentando yeningi kudinga ukuqapha njalo nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuze kulondolozwe.

Isifo se-COVOID-19d saphoqelela ukushintshwa okusheshayo kwe-votoral, okunezindawo eziningi ezandisa ukuvota nokuvota kwasekuqaleni ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthatha iqhaza eliphephile. Lezi zinyathelo eziphuthumayo ziye zabangela izimpikiswano ngokuthi ingabe izinguquko ezinjalo zingaba izici ezihlala njalo zezimiso zokhetho. Lolu bhadane lwabonisa kokubili ukuqina kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi nokubaluleka kokuzivumelanisa nokuqhubeka nokuhlanganyela phakathi nezinkinga.

Isiphetho: Ikhono Lakho Lamandla Entando Yeningi

Ivoti yakho ingaphezu kwesenzo esilula sokubeka i-collet − iwukusetshenziswa kwegunya lentando yeningi, ukugcwaliseka komthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi, nokunikela ekubuthweni kwezisebenzi ezizimele. Ukuqonda indlela izimiso ezikhethweyo ezisebenza ngayo kukhanyisa ukuthi kungani izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela nendlela umuntu ngamunye avotela ngayo ekumeleni kwezombangazwe kanye nemiphumelo yezimiso.

Izimiso ze-Electoral zibumba izimo zezombangazwe ngezindlela ezijulile, zithonya ukuthi amaqembu aphi amaqembu ahlukene ancintisanayo, indlela amelelwa ngayo, ukuthi iziphi izinqubo, futhi ekugcineni indlela uhulumeni osabela ngayo ezidingweni zezakhamuzi nezithandwayo. Asikho isimiso sokhetho esiphelele; ngasinye sihlanganisa ukudayisa phakathi kwezindinganiso eziphikisanayo ezifana nokulingana, ukuzinza, ukuthobeka, ukuba lula, nokumeleka kwendawo. Ukuqaphela lezi zinkampane zokuhweba kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihileleke ngokucabangela ngokwengeziwe ezimpikiswaneni ngenguquko engokokhetho lwezimiso ezihlukene futhi ziqonde imiphumela yezindlela zokukhetha ezihlukene.

Ukubaluleka kwevoti yakho ngaminye kudlulela ngalé kwethuba lezibalo lokufaka isigqebhezana sokukhetha okhethweni oluseduze. Ukuvota kwakho kunengxenye ekugunyazweni nasekugunyazisweni kwabanqobi, amathonya akhona athola ukunaka kwezombangazwe, kubonisa ukubopha komphakathi okukhuthaza abanye ukuba bahlanganyele, futhi kusiza ekuvikeleni izinhlangano zentando yeningi ngokusebenzisa ngenkuthalo. Uma uvota, awumane nje ukhetha abazobhapathizwa − − usekela izindinganiso zentando yeningi futhi uhlanganyela emsebenzini oqhubekayo wokuzilawula.

Izithiyo zokuvota zisabalulekile ezakhamuzini eziningi, kusukela ekuvimbeleni kwengqondo kuya ekucindezeleni ngamabomu. Ukunqoba le migoqo kudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo somuntu ngamunye nesenhlangano ukuze kushintshwe izimiso ezintsha futhi kutholakale.

Ukuhlanganyela ngolwazi kudinga umzamo .ukuhlola abazobhapathizwa kanye nezimpikiswano, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqonda, ukuhlala phakathi kokhetho, nokuvota kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuthembisana komphakathi. Lomzamo uyintengo yokuzilawula kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo ohambisana namalungelo entando yeningi. Okuhlukile okungasetshenziswayo ku-(ukungalawuleki) nokunganaki (_ukungakhathaleli) nokungakhathaleli abanye futhi kwenza izinhlangano zentando yeningi ezivikela inkululeko nezithakazelo zethu.

Njengoba izimiso zezokukhetha ziqhubeka zisabela ekuphenduleni ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwenani labantu, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngokubaluleka kwezakhamuzi ezikhuthele, ukuhlanganyela embusweni wentando yeningi kuba okubaluleke nakakhulu. Ikusasa lesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi lixhomeke ezakhamuzini eziboshelwe ukuqonda ukuthi izimiso zazo zezombangazwe zisebenza kanjani, zihlanganyela njalo okhethweni kuzo zonke amazinga, zibheka izikhulu ezikhethiwe njengezilandisayo, futhi zisebenzela ukwandisa ukumelelwa nokuthuthukisa wonke amalungu omphakathi.

Kubalulekile ngoba izinqumo ezenziwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe zithinta ukuphila kwakho, umphakathi wakho, nekusasa lakho. Kubalulekile ngoba abantu abaningi balwela ilungelo lokuvota futhi besongela ezindaweni eziningi. Kungenxa yokuthi ukubambisana kuqala ngokuhlanganyela komuntu ngamunye, futhi ngenxa yokuthi idemokrasi iqinisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho isakhamuzi sisebenzisa ilungelo laso lokuvota.

Ungavumeli muntu akukholise ukuthi ivoti yakho ayibaleki noma ukuthi ezombangazwe azikuthinti. Zonke izinqumo zinikeza ithuba lokulolonga umphakathi wakini nezwe. Ivoti ngalinye liyisenzo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi okunengxenye ekuzameni okuqhubekayo kobukhompuyutha. Yenza izwi lakho lizwe. Sebenzisa amalungelo akho. Ziphathele izindaba zakho kakhulu kunasekukhetheni.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokubhalisa nokukhetha endaweni yakini, vakashela iVote. org noma iwebhusayithi yokhetho kahulumeni. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezimiso ze-electal emhlabeni wonke, hlola imithombo evela ku- Internationalpote Institute for Democratic and Electoral Convition. Kubanga abavotisi nolwazi olulandelayo, hlola i-[[[FLT: 4.]