Ithonya Elihlala Njalo Legunya Lemithetho ElaseNoise Ordinances Nenhlalakahle Yomphakathi

Amandla okuhlukanisa i-slistalate elinye lamathuluzi aqondile kakhulu ohulumeni okumelwe balungise indawo ezungezile abantu abahlala kuyo, umsebenzi, nokuphumula. Phakathi kwezindawo eziningi lapho lo mbuso usetshenziswa khona, ukuqondiswa komsindo kusobala njengokuhlangana komthetho kwansuku zonke, impilo, nokuzihambelana komzimba. Imithetho elawulayo yendawo, umbuso, kanye nomthetho womsindo we-ompectures ngenhloso yokunqanda ukungcoliswa komsindo okulimazayo kuyilapho kulondoloza inkululeko esekela umsebenzi wezezomnotho nomphakathi. Ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela kwalemithetho kuthinta inhlalakahle yomphakathi, futhi kuqonda indlela amandla omthetho womthetho asetshenziswa ngayo kulo mongo ibalulekile kubenzi benqubo, izakhamuzi, nabanikazi bebhizinisi, nabanikazi bebhizinisi ngokufanayo.

Umsindo awusona nje isiphazamiso nje; uyimbangela yezempilo yomphakathi. INhlangano yezempilo yezwe (WHO) isilokhu ihlukanisa umsindo wendawo ezungezile njengosongo olubalulekile empilweni engokomzimba nengokwengqondo, ihlobanisa ukuchayeka okungapheli esifweni senhliziyo nemithambo yenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kobuthongo, ukukhubazeka kokuqonda abantwana, namahormone aphakeme acindezelayo. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulawula ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemiphakathi okuzama ukuqeda lezi ngozi. Nokho imithetho yomsindo kumelwe ihambe ngokuqina: ukuvaleka kwezentengiselwano empilweni, izenzakalo zempucuko, nokwakha okubalulekile; imiphakathi ishiya isengozini yokucinana umsindo ongapheliyo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ebanzi yamandla omthetho engokongamele ikhiphe imibandela engoko ngokomthetho engokomsindo, ukuhleleka kwezentengo yezomnotho, nokuzwana kwezenhlalo.

Isisekelo Somsindo Wokubuyisela Imali: Isimiso Segunya Lomthetho

Isimiso Somsindo

Umthetho we-popolaise e-United States kanye namanye amazwe amaningi ubekelwe iziqondiso nezindinganiso zokukhipha umsindo emithonjeni ye-international, umbuso, nohulumeni bendawo. Ezingeni likahulumeni, izinhlangano ezinjenge-Nzaleko yokuvikelwa Kwendawo (EPA) ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) zamisa iziqondiso nezindinganiso zokukhipha umsindo emithonjeni ye-interstate, [1] i-aircraft, isitimela, kanye neloligiya elisindayo (nemingcele yomsindo we-Noise Atementment Agement ne-Control. Nokho, i-EPA’s Office of Nociement and Control yadesinga i-desingartumsday yomsindo wosuku olusuka ku-deto-suku lwe-sworking kuya kumazwe no-mastmast.

Ohulumeni boMbuso bavame ukumisa imithetho yomsindo eqinile, ikakhulukazi yemishini yokwakha, izimoto, nemisebenzi yezimboni. Lemithetho yombuso iqinisekisa izinga elilinganiselwe lokulawula umsindo endaweni, ivimbela ukusebenza okungalinganiyo kwemingcele ehlukene kakhulu. Nokho imithetho yomsindo eqinile nenamandla kakhulu ihlotshaniswa njalo imikhandlu yamadolobha, izikhomishane zesifunda, namabhodi ezindawo eziseduze nabantu. Le miyalo yomthetho yendawo inegunya lokumisa, amahora okuhlala, umsindo owenziwe ngokushelela, kanye nezinselelezi ezithile njengemigxobho yemi noma imibuthano yobusuku obuphelile.

Isisekelo esingokomthetho sezimiso zomsindo zendawo ngokuvamile sitholakala emandleni kahulumeni angokwemvelo okulawula ukuziphatha kwempilo, ukulondeka, nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zakhe. Izinkantolo ziye zasekela ngokungaguquki imingcele enengqondo yomsindo njengokusetshenziswa okufanelekile kwalamandla, uma imithetho icacile, hhayi ngokungacacile ngokweqile, futhi ingazishayi imingcele engokomthetho enjengenkululeko yokukhuluma (isisho, ukuqondisa umthamo wenkulumo yezombangazwe noma yenkolo kodwa hhayi okuqukethwe kuyo).

Indlela Imithetho Eshaya Indiva Ngayo Ingxoxwale Yobuciko

Inqubo yokubhala umthetho womsindo ayivamile ukuba lula. Abameli kumelwe balinganisele izithakazelo ezincintisanayo: abanikazi bamakhaya abanokwazisa kusihlwa, izindawo zokuhlala ezilawula ezomnotho wendawo, izinkampani zokwakha ezidinga ukusebenza phakathi kwezimiso eziqinile, nezindawo zezimboni ezisebenza nge 24/7. Izishaya-mthetho ezisebenzayo zincike ekwazisweni kwezesayensi. Njenge [indawo yobusuku] idecibel (d) isikali kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi sosuku esilungisiwe.

Ama-gillislator achaza futhi ukuthi “isidina esinemibono” ngamagama aqondile nasekelwe kumthetho. Indlela eqondile imisa umnyango omisiwe; noma imuphi umsindo oweqisayo lowo mgangatho wokwephula. Izinqubo ezilandelanayo zincike ku-"mode" umuntu onengqondo" ophazamisa ukuthula noma induduzo yomuntu ovamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulinganiswa kanjani. Imithetho eminingi yanamuhla ihlanganisa kokubili, ngokusebenzisa imingcele yemithombo eqinisekile (umzz., izimoto, i-HAC) kanye nempoqo ecasulayo yezehlakazekile (umz., ukumemeza, umculo owenziwe ngokuphindisiwe).

Amandla omthetho okulungisa lezi zimiso anzima. Njengoba imiphakathi iguqula i-(izindlu ezintsha eziseduze nezigodi zezimboni zangaphambili, ukunyuka kwamaloli okuthutha izimpahla, ukukhula kwamaqabunga okuhlasela amaqabunga okumelwe kubuye kubuye kubuye kuqashelwe futhi kulungiswe imithetho yomsindo. Ukukhishwa kwemishini elawula umsindo, izikhulu zempilo zomphakathi, kanye namalungu omphakathi kumisa le misebenzi. Ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwemithetho esebenzayo, imithetho yomsindo iyaphelelwa isikhathi, kungaba ukuhluleka ukuvikela izakhamuzi noma ukujezisa imisebenzi emisha ngokungafanele.

Imiphumela Yenjabulo Engokwempilo: Isizathu Sokuba Isinyathelo Sokuthatha Imithetho Sibaluleke

Imiphumela Yokusebenza Kwengqondo Nengokwengqondo

Ukuxhumana phakathi komsindo nempilo kubhalwe kahle futhi kungathi sína. Ukuchayeka njalo emsindweni wendawo ezungezile ongaphezu kuka-55 dBA − izinga lengxoxo evamile noma izimoto ezisesilinganisweni − kwandisa ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, nesifo sohlangothi. Ukuhlolwa kwengqophamlando okwakhishwa kuyi-Upanon Heart Journal ye-FLT] kuthola ukuthi kunoma yiliphi i-dBA eyandayo enomsindo wesikhathi sasebusuku, ingozi yezehlakalo lwenhliziyo yanyuka ngo-12%. Izingane ezichayeke emazingeni aphakeme ezindiza noma umsindo wezimoto zibonisa ukucutha kokufunda, ukukhumbula okuncishisiwe, namahormon okucindezeleka.

Ukuphazamiseka kokulala kungenye yemiphumela yempilo egcwele kakhulu. Ngisho noma umuntu engaphaphami ngokugcwele, umsindo ungaphazamisa imijikelezo yokulala, uvimbele ukulala okujulile nezinga le REM. Ukungalali njalo kwenza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba sibe buthakathaka, kuphazamise ukusebenza kokuqonda, futhi kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. Amandla okulawula ukunyakazisa ijubane elipholile ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha eduze kwezindiza noma imigwaqo emikhulu.

Impilo yengqondo iyathinteka futhi. Umsindo ongaguquki − ikakhulukazi ongenakufinyelelwa noma owehlayo uzwakala njenge-bass ephuma e-nightclub noma e-HVAC uthoni oludumayo oluyi-HVAC / iqala ukusabela komzimba okucindezelayo, ikhiphe i-cortisol neadrenaline. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekukhathazekeni, ukucasuka, ngisho nasekucindezelekeni. Izakhamuzi ezinezinga eliphakeme lomsindo zivame ukubika ukwaneliseka okuphansi ekuphileni. Imithetho ehlolwe ngezenzo zomsindo enikezwa yi-ogconstruption inganciphisa lemithwalo yempilo, ivule indawo lapho izakhamuzi zingaphumula, zigxilise ingqondo, futhi zibuye ziphile.

Inani Labantu Elinabantu Abaningi

Amandla alawulayo abaluleke kakhulu lapho kucatshangelwa inani labantu abasengozini. Izindawo ezingenisa imali ephansi nezindawo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zichayeke kakhulu emazingeni omsindo omkhulu ovela ezimisweni zezimoto, ezimbonini, nangaphansi kokwakhiwa. Lokhu kungabi nabulungisa kwendawo ezungezile kuhlanganisa ukuhlukana kwempilo okukhona. Imithetho inegunya lokuhlela ukuhleleka komsindo ngokuqinisa ukugcinwa kwezindawo ezinganakwayo, ifuna izikhawu zomsindo ezizungeze izikole nezibhedlela, futhi ifaka imishini yokuthula ezikhungweni zezindlu ezithengwayo.

Abantwana, asebekhulile, nabantu abanezifo ezikhona ngaphambili nabo basengozini kakhulu yokulimala komsindo. Izikole eziseduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu zingadinga ukuvinjelwa komsindo ngemithetho yomthetho. Izibhedlela zidinga imingcele eqinile yomsindo ukuze zisize iziguli zilulame. Omasipala abaningi banezindawo ezikhethekile “ezinamaphakethe” ezinezigqoko eziphansi. Ama-gralitive angadala lezisivikelo lapho kungekho khona.

Ukulinganisela Kwezomnotho Nezenhlalo

Icala Lebhizinisi Lokuhoxa

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo yokuthi imithetho yomsindo ayisebenzi engokomsindo, imithetho ephumelelayo ingathuthukisa izomnotho zendawo. Izindawo ezithulile zikhanga imikhaya nochwepheshe abakhokhela izakhiwo eziphezulu. Ukuhlola kwezindawo kubonisa njalo ukuthi amakhaya asezindaweni eziphansi athengiselwa imali eshisiwe, futhi amazwe anezinga elilinganiselwe lomsindo ahamba ngezinyawo eziningi kunalawo akhathazwa yidiva elingapheli. Izikhungo zokuhlala ngaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, zizuza emithethweni ecacile evumela umculo ukuba uphile kuze kube ihora elifanele ngaphandle kwezakhamuzi eziseduze.

Imisebenzi enjengeyokwakha nokukhiqiza ingasebenza ngokuvumelana kakhulu uma imithetho itshelwa kusengaphambili. Ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi uvunyelwe kusukela ngo 7 ekuseni kuya ku-8 ntambama, ngokwesibonelo, kuvumela izinkampani ukuba zihlele kahle. Amandla okulawula ahlanganisa amalungiselelo emvume yomsindo wesikhashana (ngezezenzakalo, ukulungisa izinhlelo eziphuthumayo, noma imisebenzi ekhethekile) kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuvikela imiphakathi. Nokho, imithetho eqinile noma engacacile ingabangela ukungaqiniseki, ukuthatha izithuba, nokulibala kwebhizinisi.

Ukucabangela Isiko Nokuzijabulisa

Imithetho yomsindo ivame ukungqubuzana nemisebenzi yamasiko neyokuzijabulisa. Amakhonsathi angaphandle, imikhosi, imikhosi yezemidlalo, nemibuthano yenkolo konke kuveza umsindo. Imithetho yemithetho kumelwe ilinganisele ukubaluleka kwalemisebenzi yomphakathi nelungelo lezakhamuzi lokuthula. Ikhambi elivamile lomthetho “isenzakalo esikhethekile sivumela” isimiso esivumela umsindo owengeziwe ongaphezu kwemingcele ejwayelekile yesikhathi esithile nendawo, onikezwa isaziso nezimo (isibh., izithiyo zomsindo, izikhathi ezidlulela phambili). Lendlela isebenzisa igunya lomthetho womthetho wokulwa nomthetho ukuze ivume futhi ilawule imikhosi yomphakathi kunokuba ivimbele ngokuqondile.

Emadolobheni anezinhlanga eziningi, umsindo ohlangene nemikhuba yamasiko (ukusuka emikhosini), ukuhambela emthandazweni, imikhosi yokugundana (-"kayi""ingaba yindawo yokudambisa"indlela-mdlalisho. Imithetho kumelwe isebenzise amandla ayo ngokuqaphela amasiko, iqikelele ukuthi imithetho ayisetshenziswa ngendlela yokukhipha ubandlululo. Izinkantolo ziye zabulala imithetho yomsindo ehloselwe inkolo noma izimpawu zobuzwe. Umthetho owenziwe ngokunenzuzo ugxile emazingeni omsindo kunokuba ufakwe noma uhlobo lomsindo, okwenza kube yiyo kokubili okungakholekiyo futhi kube lula.

Izinselele Eziphoqelelwayo: Ukuhlobana Okubuthakathaka Kwamandla Omthetho

Ukulinganiswa Nokuba Isihloko

Ngisho nomthetho womsindo obhalwe kahle kakhulu ufana nokugcinwa kwawo. Futhi ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kunzima kakhulu. Ngokungafani nemoto egijimayo, umsindo udlula ngokushesha futhi uthatha imingcele. Iloli lemfucumfucu lingase libe ukwephula iphepha, kodwa ngesikhathi isikhulu sifika, umsindo uphelile. Imithetho eminingi ifuna ukuba umthetho uqashelwe ukusebenzisa izinga lomsindo elimisiwe, kodwa izikhulu zingawathwali noma zingakuqedi ukuqeqeshwa. “umsindo onengqondo” ungaze usebenze kakhulu, njengoba zithembela ekwahluleleni kwesikhulu somthetho.

Amandla okulawula angasingatha lezindawo zokuphoqelela. Okokuqala, izishaya-mthetho zingatshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe: izinqubo zokuhlola umsindo ezindaweni eziphakeme, izimiso zekhamera ezizisebenzelayo ezihlangene nolwandi lwe-layisense yemibhobho enomsindo, kanye nezinhlelo ezihambayo ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zingenise amarekhodi ezindawo eziqoshiwe njengebufakazi. Okwesibili, izishayamthetho zingacacisa umthwalo wobufakazi. Ezinye izimemezelo manje zivumela “emper” ukuphulwa kwesilinganiso esimisiwe sedecibel ngokuzenzekelayo kuwukwephula ngokuncitshiswa kwesidingo sokuhlaziya izihloko. Okwesithathu, izishaya umthetho zingadala amayunithi omsindo anikezelwe phambili, ahlukene nabagadisi bezikhulu bamaphoyisa, izikhundla eziqeshiwe abaqeshiwe ngemishini efanelekile.

Ukubika Nokubambisana Komphakathi

I-operal, i-operal, i-operal, i-prit enikezelwe, amapulatifomu acwebile anika izakhamuzi amandla okusebenza njengemishini yomsindo. Nokho, ukuthembela ngokweqile ezikhalweni kungadala i- “NIMBY” amandla lapho amazwi azwakalayo (wombili ngokomfanekiso nangokoqobo) ebusa khona. Imithetho kumelwe iqaphele imithetho elwisana nezikhali ezisetshenziswa ngokumelene nomakhelwane noma izisulu emabhizinisini ezingathandeki. Iziqondiso ezicacile ezithi isijeziso semijelo enyanyeni kanye nemfuneko yokukhononda okuqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ithathe isinyathelo sinciphe.

Elinye ithuluzi lomthetho ukugcinwa kwemithetho okuqhubekayo: ukugqekeza kokuqala kuletha isixwayiso, okwesibili kuletha ihlawu, futhi ukuphula umthetho ngokuphindaphindiwe kukhula ekuqedweni kwemvume yabasebenzisi bezentengiselwano. Lokhu kwenza imithombo yomsindo engapheli ibe indlela ecacile yokulalela ngaphandle kwesijeziso esinzima, kuyilapho futhi kuphawula ukuthi injongo yomthetho ingeyobungathi sína.

Izinqubo Zobuchwepheshe Zokushintsha Umsindo

Abazwayo Abahlakaniphile Nemithetho Esekelwe Kukwaziswa

Ubuchwepheshe buguqula indlela umsindo olinganiswa ngayo futhi ulawulwa ngayo, futhi izishaya-mthetho ziwafaka ngokuqhubekayo lamathuluzi ezimisweni. Izimiso zedolobha ezihlakaniphile zifakwe izicubu zezinzwa zomsindo [ ezilokhu zihlola amazinga omsindo, zidlulisa ukwaziswa esiteshini esiphakathi. Abaqondisi-mthetho bangasebenzisa lemininingwane ukuhlukanisa amachashaza ashisayo /Ingxelex lapho umsindo wezimoto ushaya khona ebusuku, noma lapho imishini yokulayisha izimoto iphazamisa khona izakhamuzi ngezikhathi zamuva kwezinsuku noma izinguquko ezibambekayo. I-divnetic commetic metary ihamba ngaphezu kwezikhalazo ezihlolwayo, ukwenza izivumelwano ziphumelele kakhulu futhi ziphumelele.

Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase lisebenzise ukwaziswa kwemizwa ukuze lilungise amahora alo athulile ngesifunda, liqaphele ukuthi iphasishi lezentengiselwano eduze nendawo yokuhlala lidinga isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu kunobusuku obusesimweni sezezimboni. Amanye amadolobha anemishini ehleliwe yokukhipha inhlawulo yezimoto ezidlula isilinganiso esiphezulu se-decibel, esifana nekhamera ebomvu. Lokhu kususa umthwalo kubaphathi bamaphoyisa futhi kunikeza inqubo engaguquki yokugcinwa kwemisebenzi.

Izindinganiso Zokwakha Nokuklama Amadolobha

Amandla okulawula anwetshwa futhi adlulela ekwakheni izimpawu zokwakha nokuhlela amadolobha. Umphumela we-polise disol, ukuhlobana kwemiphumela yendawo ezungezile, kungadingeka ukuze kwenziwe intuthuko entsha eduze kwezindawo ezithulile (amapaseji, imitapo, izindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokulwa). Imithetho ingagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokwakha ethulayo (umz., i-geometry janhammers, izinjini zokuphehla umsindo ezina umsindo) noma izinto zokwakha ezinciphisa ukudluliswa (amafasitela anezingadibanisi eziluhlaza, uphahla oluluhlaza oluneminyene). Lemithetho ephezulu ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kunokuzama ukulawula umsindo ngemva kwesakhiwo ikhona.

I-Zoning inye indawo lapho amandla okulawula ashintsha khona kakhulu imiphumela yomsindo. Intuthuko exutshiwe, ehlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala nezokuthengiselana, idinga imithetho ebhalwe ngokucophelela evuma ukushukuma komsindo okungokwemvelo. Imithetho ingadinga izilinganiso zokushaya umsindo ezihambela izinhlangano zezentengiselwano ezisezindaweni ezixubeneyo (umz., izindonga ezinezilinganiso eziphakeme ze-STC, ukukhipha umsindo okungangenisi umsindo) kuyilapho ilinganisela ukhiwo we-decibel ophumayo wezikhulumi zangaphandle. Ngaphandle kokubona izifunda ezixubile zemithetho, izifunda ezixubile zingaba imithombo yengxabano.

Ukuhlola Icala Endizeni Yemithetho

Idolobha LaseNew York: Inselele Yesiqu

Isimiso somsindo saseNew York City, esigcina sithuthukisiwe ngo-2007 futhi sithuthukisiwe ngezikhathi ezithile, singenye yezindawo ezibanzi kakhulu emhlabeni. Indikimba yezezishayamthetho zedolobha, i-Dolobha, ihloselwe ukulinganisela izidingo zezakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-8,5 eziminyene edolobheni. Lolu phawu lubeka imingcele eqinile yezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ukuvimbela umsindo phakathi kwamahora obusuku nawempelasonto ezindaweni zokuhlala, futhi ludinga umsindo ovimbela izakhiwo ezintsha eduze kwamapaki nezindawo zokuzijabulisa. I-Inthoctive iphathwa i-Department of Environment Provition, lapho amasimu anezikhalo eziyizinkulungwane zezikhalo unyaka ngamunye. Lemithetho ihlanganisa nelungiselelo eliyingqayizivele lokuhlela umsindo odingekayo ngemisebenzi emikhulu. Loluko lwemithetho yomsindo lunciphe izikhala kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi, nakuba ihlala izinselele zezindawo zezindawo zokuthengisa imfutho nezemfutho.

Portland, Oregon: Umphakathi ← C wangenela ukubuyiswa

Uhlelo lomsindo lwePortland lugcizelela ukuhileleka komphakathi. UMkhandlu weDolobha ugcina izimemezelo zomphakathi njalo kanye namashabhu omphakathi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ikhodi lomsindo. Bahlanganise “inqubo yokuphikisana” evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zicele imvume yesikhathi esifushane, imisebenzi ephakeme (njengesitemu noma ikhonsathi) enezimo zokunciphisa ukuphazamisa. IPortland isebenzisa futhi isimiso esisekelwe ekukhipheni iziteshi ezicacile, izindinganiso ezingenakuguquguqukayo, ukunciphisa ukuhleleka kwezindawo okuholela ekubekeni umthetho ongenakuphindwa. Isenzo esiphawulekayo sokulawula izivumelwano sasiwukwamukelwa kwenqubo “yo enyakazayo" umthetho wokushintsha igesi owenziwe ngegesi ekhipha amaqabusweni ephelini ezindaweni ezithulile eminyakeni eminingi, kanye nokuhoxiswa kwezindawo zezentengo yezentengo yezindawo, ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezisetshenziswa yinkulumo esetshenziswayo ezindaweni zokukhamuloza.

Ukulinganisela Inkululeko Kanye Nokuhle Okuvamile

Imingcele Yomthetho - sisekelo Nengokomthetho

Amandla omthetho ombuso ngenxa yomsindo awunamkhawulo. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkulumo, kuhlanganise nenkulumo ekhulisiwe, nezimiso ezivimbela ngokuphumelelayo umsindo okhulisiwe ezindaweni zomphakathi zikhishwe njengezindawo ezingekho emthethweni. Nokho, isikhathi esilinganiselayo, indawo, nezimiso ezivumelekile. Isivumelwano somthetho singavimbela umsindo okhuliswayo endaweni yokuhlala ngemva kweshumi p.m., noma sifune imvume yokukhonsathi yomgwaqo (ngoba umthetho ukhona uyaqhubeka ungena ngokomthetho, uma nje ukhona kanye nezindlela ezivulekile zokuxhumana. Ngokufanayo, ilungelo lokujabulela impahla yomuntu ngokuthula (isivumelwano esinokuthula” esiqalwayo esabelweni) kumelwe lilinganiswe ngokumelene namalungelo abanye ukuze basebenzise impahla yabo. i-graslas i-convolution, nemithetho engokomthetho eqinile iphinde ikhiphe izintambo ezingokomthetho zokuxhumana.

Indima Yokukhipha Okuthile Obala

Izimiso zomsindo eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo ezikhula ngengxoxo yomphakathi yangempela. Amaqumrhu afuna ukufakwa ngokuzikhandla ngokuzwana komphakathi, ngokuhlola i-inthanethi, nangokuhlola i-inthanethi, namakomiti omphakathi aveza imithetho ejabulela ukuvunyelwa okukhulu nokungabekezeleli ukumelana. Izakhamuzi zizimisele kakhulu ukwamukela imingcele elinganiselwe elinganiselwe enkulu enkululweni yazo . Ukungadlali umculo ozwakalayo ngemva kweshumi ntambama.[1] Uma ziqonda ukuthi inqubo inqubo ikhona. Ukuveza imingcele yezehlobana nokuvimbela inqubo kuyakhathemba. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, imithetho ephezulu ebekwe ngaphandle kokuxoxa impela idla ngokunganakwa noma ukubekelwa inselele enkantolo.

Imithetho ingawalulaza amalungu omphakathi futhi ngokuthi “amanxusa akhulumayo” afundisa omakhelwane ngomthetho kunokuba abajezise. Lendlela ethambileyo, esekelwa yimvume yokushaya umthetho, inganciphisa ukugcinwa komsindo. Kwamanye amadolobha, izingxabano zomsindo zibhekiselwa ekunqandeni noma yisiphi isenzo esingokomthetho, phela inqubo egunyazwe umthetho.

Imikhuba Yesikhathi Esizayo Nokuzivumelanisa Nemithetho

Ukwaziswa Nobuchwepheshe Obuthulisayo

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi, imishini yokwakha enamandla amabhetri, nezimiso ze HVAC ezithulile ziba yindawo ebanzi, imithetho yomsindo izodinga ukuvuselelwa. Imithetho ingadinga ukwehlisa imingcele ye-baseline decibel ukuze ibonise lokho manje okunokwenzeka ngokwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amaloli amaningi okuthutha izinto asebenza ngo-2030, izinga lomsindo elamukelekayo leloli lingase lehle kusukela kuma-80% kuya kuma-70 dBA. Abaphathi bemithetho abahlala phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bangasunduzela amadolobha anokuthula ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa emsebenzini omusha.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nengxoxwane

Ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu kuyalinganiswa − njengokufakwa kwempompi yokushisa, ukwakhiwa okuvamile kwemingcele yezikhukhula, kanye nomshini wokuphehla amandla ogesi phakathi nokunqamuka kukagesi (ukuveza imithombo emisha yomsindo. Izindikimba ezilawulayo zidinga ukuhlanganisa umsindo wesikhashana womsebenzi ophuthumayo kuyilapho ziqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezulu esivamile asiwona umthwalo ohlala njalo. Imithetho ehlaziywe ingahlanganisa amalungiselelo emisebenzi ye- “umsindo oluhlaza” evumela izakhiwo zezulu ezivunyelwe, kanye nezimo eziqinile zesikhathi esiphuthumayo.

Izindaba Eziyimfihlo

Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezihlakaniphile kuphakamisa izikhawu zomsindo. Ama-microphone anezimo zomsindo angaqopha izingxoxo. Ama-graislature kumele alinganise ngokucacile ukwaziswa okuqoqa lezi zinzwa(-ayikho ukuqopha umsindo, amazinga edecibel kuphela, futhi aqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa akudayiswa noma kusetshenziswa ekuhloleni. Imithetho esobala elawulayo, edluliselwe eceleni kwe-odal signal, iyakudingeka ukuze umphakathi uhlale wethenjwa.

Isiphetho

Amandla okulawula umsindo ayisisekelo sokulawula umsindo ngokuphumelelayo. Isiza imiphakathi ukuba ibeke izindinganiso ezisekelwe kwezesayensi nasempilweni yomphakathi, iqinise lezo zindinganiso ngokungaguquguquki, futhi izivumelanise nazo njengoba izimo zishintsha. Ukusukela kuhulumeni isisekelo somthetho kuya emahoreni asendaweni ephezulu, umsebenzi wezishaya-mthetho uhlela zonke izici ze-aultrasting. Ithonya elisemgangathweni we-meastion likhulu: ukuncishiswa kwengozi yenhliziyo, ukulala kangcono, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokucabanga, ukuthuthuka kwekhono lokusebenza kahle kwezingane, nokuthuthukisa i-cohesition engokwencule. Kodwa leli gunya kumelwe lisetshenziswe ngokulinganisela nangokubona kusengaphambili, ngokuqondene nenkululeko ngayinye lapho ivikela ubuhle. Ekugcineni, umthetho owenziwe ngomsindo awusilingani nenkululeko kodwa awukho esimweni esivumelana nokuphila. I-gralis eqondanayo, futhi iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-techswormss, futhi i-make izimo ezisezin

[[FLT:] [[FLT:] CDC] ukungcola komsindo ikhasi kunikeza imininingwane ebanzi. [[ [[[FLT]]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [FLT] [1] inikeza iziqondiso zezomsindo zomsindo [[FLT]] [inani] [inani] [inani elisebenzayo] [inani] [inani] [inani elisebenzayo] [FLT] [1] [12]