Isingeniso: Indima Ephikelelayo Yenkolo Ekubuseni KwaseJapane

IJapane inikeza isimo esihlukile sobuhlobo benkolo nezwe lanamuhla. Umthetho-sisekelo wamuva kwempi ugunyaza ngokuqondile ukuhlukaniswa kwenkolo nohulumeni, kodwa izinhlangano zenkolo zihlala zinethonya elibekelwe inselele futhi ngezinye izikhathi eliyimpikiswano ezimisweni zezombangazwe nasemikhankasweni yemithetho. Lokhu kunamandla akusona isisala sakudala; amahlazo ezombangazwe amuva, ikakhulukazi ukuwa okuhilela iSonto Elingenazikhungo Zomhlaba (Inhlangano Yomphakathi Yokuthula Nokukhululeka) kanye nezombangazwe eziseSiphakathini se-Liberal - democratic Party (LDP), kuye kwafaka impikiswano yethonya lenkolo emuva ekukhankasweni kwesizwe.

Ukuqonda indlela amaqembu asukela ngayo kumaqembu anamandla amaBuddha asukela enhlangano evamile uSoka Gakkai kuya kuma-shinto kanye nenqubo entsha yenkolo kudinga ukubheka ngalé kwezimiso ezilula zomthetho-sisekelo. Ukuhlanganiswa komlando, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezenhlalo, kanye nokukhethwa kwezindawo ezingokomthetho kwakha isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho izinto eziza kuqala ngokokuziphatha nezingokomoya zithinta khona ngokuqondile umthetho wezwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimpande ezingokomlando, abadlali abayinhloko, inqubo, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ezihlobene nethonya lenkolo ekuphileni kwezombangazwe kwaseJapane.

UGenesise Ongokomlando Wethonya Lenkolo Kwezombangazwe ZaseJapane

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwegunya lenkolo namandla ezombangazwe eJapane busekelwe ngokujulile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe kwanamuhla nasekunwetshweni kombuso.

UbuShinto BoMbuso Nobuzwe BeMeiji

Phakathi ne-Meiji Resource (1868-1912), uhulumeni omusha waphakamisa ngamabomu iShinto esusela emaqenjini emisebenzi yomdabu enziwa ngenhloso eqedweni lesizwe eklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa umphakathi wonke umbusi. Lesimiso, esaziwa ngokuthi iState Shinto, sasingesona nje isici esingokwenkolo kodwa ithuluzi lezombangazwe. Amathempeli ayengaphansi kokulawulwa uhulumeni, futhi amasiko amaShinto aba imikhosi engokomthetho ezikoleni nasemahhovisi kahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlangana kokholo nombuso kwakusho ukuthi imikhosi yenkolo yayihlangene ngokuqondile nokwethembeka, ukushisekela izwe, kanye nokuzichaza kwesizwe. Izinhlangano zobuBuddha, ezazinamandla abalulekile phakathi nenkathi yangaphambi kwe-Edo, ekuqaleni zabekwa phansi kwesizwe kodwa kamuva kodwa zabekwa phansi. Lenkathi yamiswa isigaba esinamandla sezenkolo: imiqondo lenkolo yayingasetshenziswa njengegunya nesimiso sezombangazwe sezezombangazwe.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwempi kwangemva kuka 1947 noMthetho-sisekelo ka-1947

Ukumiswa kwe-Occouncition ehlangene neJapane ngaphansi kweNgqungquthela uDouglas MacArthur wamisa ukunqamuka okukhulu kwakudala. UMthetho-sisekelo ka 1947, wabuthelwa ngaphansi kwesiqondiso kuMphathi oPhakeme oMkhulu we-Assovince Powers (SCAP), waqinisekisa ngokucacile inkululeko yenkolo futhi wanqabela umbuso ukuba ungene noma usekele imisebenzi engokwenkolo. ISiphakamiso 20 sithi "ayikho inhlangano engokwenkolo eyokwamukela amalungelo avela kuHulumeni, noma ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi igunya lezombangazwe. ISiphakamiso 89 sivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zomphakathi ukuze kusetshenziswe inkolo. Lokhu kwahlukaniselwa kwakuhloselwe ukubuya kwenkolo ehlangene yempi engokwenkolo. Nokho, umthetho awuwawawawavimbelanga amaqembu enkolo ahlanganyelayo kwezombangazwe njengezinhlangano zezezomthetho.

Ukuvela Kwezinhlangano Zezombangazwe Ezingokwenkolo

Emashumini eminyaka alandela impi, izinhlangano ezintsha zenkolo namasonto asungulwe zafuna ukwakha kabusha ithonya lazo. Inkathi yokuqala yangemva kwempi yaba nokuchuma "izinkolo ezintsha" ( ishinshukyō). Enye yezinhlangano eziphawuleka kakhulu kwakuyi- Soka Gaka Gakhai [ [iNhlangano ephakeme]], inhlangano yamaBuddha esekelwe ezimfundisweni zikaNichireen. Ngaphansi kobuholi bukamongameli wesibili uJofida, leliqembu lakhula ngokushesha ngokukhanga abampofu basedolobheni futhi bexoxiwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukwa-Toda wanqaba umqondo wokuthi inkolo ihlala ihlukene kwezombangazwe, wamemezela ethandwa kakhulu ekusunguleni kwesidingo esingokwezombangazwe "ngonyakatho lwe-19555" ngokusungula lolu hlelo olukhulu lweSivumenda lwezezezwe, enziswe i-Sivini sezezezwe esikhulu sezezwe esikhulu sesizwe (1944).

I - Soka Gakkai-Komeito Alliance: Isibonelo Samandla Enkolo Ezombangazwe

Ubuhlobo phakathi kukaSoka Gakkai neKomeito buyisibonelo esivelele nesihlala njalo sethonya elingokwenkolo kwezombangazwe zeqembu laseJapane. Lobububunye buye bavela ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekutheni busuka ekutheni busuka embangweni wayo njengeqembu eliphikisayo eliphikisayo kuya endimeni yalo yamanje njengelungu elikanye neqembu elincane le-LDP elinolwazi olude.

Imvelaphi Nesisekelo Sefilosofi

Komeito yasungulwa ngesimiso se-" isekela ububele bukaBuddha . Imfundiso yenkolo kaSoka Gakakai, ethathwe kuNichiren Buddha, igcizelela ukuba nokwenzeka kokufinyelela ukuzwana komphakathi nenjabulo yomuntu ngamunye kuleli zwe ngokholo nangesenzo. Indawo yokuqala yeqembu yayigxile enhlalakahleni yomuntu ovamile, ukuthula, nokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sokusebenzela abantu. Lokhu kwakuyinselele eqondile kwabangenamthetho, i-LDP. Emashumini eminyaka, uKome wasebenza njengeqembu eliphikisayo, kodwa isijuqu salo sayo sasithathwe eSokakiak, siveza amalungu ethembekile, sinikeza iqoqo lemithetho yenkolo ethembekile neyamukela i-RDLDP.

Izikhundla Zesimiso Nokusetshenziswa Kwemali Ngokushintshwa

Ingxenye yezimiso ezihluke kakhulu ivela kuyifilosofi yayo ye "umncintiswano wobuHumani" nokunamathela kwayo ngokuqinile ku i-pacifis [. Iqembu liye lasekela njalo i-Japan’s ngemva kwempi yokuthula, ikakhulukazi iSiphakamiso 9 esilahla impi. Njengomngane ophansi we-LDP ehlangeneyo kusukela ngo-1999, i-Komeito iye yasebenza njengebhuleki lemfuno ye-LDP egcwele ukubuswa. Isibonelo, nakuba i-LDP iqhubele phambili ukuchaza kabusha umthetho-sisekelo ukuze ivumele "ukuzifunela impi" ukulwa kwe-effene" (ukulwa), ukuvimbela okuqinile, ekugcineni ukuvikela komthetho wokugcina we-LDP kuhlanganisa inhlalakahle kakhulu kunaleyo ehlongowokuqala kwezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo, i-Kometo isekela ukusekela kwezempilo ye-Gakn, futhi isekela ukuhleleka kwe-Gagn, i-oka, isekela kwe-Gementalma, isekela ukusekela kwe-ose.

Umshini Wenhlangano Nethonya Elikhulu

Ubudlelwane buphumelela kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo senhlangano esiphansi kaSoka Gakkai. Leliqembu lisebenza uxhaxha oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezahluko zendawo, izikhungo zomphakathi, nezindlela zokuxhumana. Phakathi nokhetho, amalungu ahlolwa ngomshini "wokuqoqa-ujoyina" onikeza umnyango oya ngasemnyango, izinto zokuhamba ubheke, futhi uhlonze ukuthumela imiyalezo. Lokhu kusekela kubucayi kweKomeito, ngokuvamile owina izihlalo zawo naphezu kokungaqashelwa kwegama lesizwe elikhulu le-LDP ngokukawundlu. I-me ibonisa njalo ukuvota okuphezulu emiphakathini emikhulu yeGakakaga. Lo mbuso unikeza iqembu i-totototo , i-LDPme, elidinga ukuvikela okukhulu, okunezimiso zenkolo ezingasetshenziswa yi-Kometo.

Amanye Amaqembu Enkolo Enkundla Yezombangazwe

Nakuba ukubambisana kweSoka Gakkai - Komeito kuyinto ebonakalayo kakhulu, ezinye izinhlangano zenkolo nazo zinethonya, ngokuvamile ngezindlela eziqondile kodwa ezihleleke ngokulinganayo.

I - Rissho Kosei-kai kanye Nokuthula Okuhlangene Ngenkolo

Rissho Kosei-kai, enye inhlangano enkulu yamaBuddha eNichiren, inecebo elihlukile lezombangazwe. Ngokungafani noSoka Gakkai, ayikho abazohlolwa noma ilondoloze iqembu elingokomthetho. Kunalokho, isebenza ngokukhuthaza nangokwakha izivumelwano, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni [ze- ukuthula nokubeka phansi phansi kwezikhali [. Inhlangano iyilungu elivelele lenkolo noma izinkolelo ezisemqoka, lapho isekela khona inkululeko yenkolo yezizwe zonke nesinqumo sombangosi. Iye yaba nethonya ekusunduzeni uhulumeni waseJapane ngendima esebenzayo ekulondolozeni ukuthula nezikhali zenuzi, ihambisana nokuchaza kwayo ngokuqinile ubuBuddha. Igcina ama-GLD noma i-Kometo ekhome, esikhundleni sokulawula kwayo umthetho wayo womthetho wokuziphatha.

Izinhlangano ZobuShinto Nenkolo Yamasiko

Ithonya lezombangazwe leShinto lisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko nge Shinto Association of Spiritual Instvidust [SAS] (SAS, ngaphambili i-Shinto Seiji Renmei noma iNhlangano yezombangazwe yobuShinto). Lenhlangano isekela izimiso ezivikela ithempeli leShinto, ikhuthaza ukushisekela izwe ngemikhosi, futhi iqhubela phambili ukuvuselelwa komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ukuze iqinise indima yombusi nezindinganiso zomkhaya. INhlangano isekela eyinhloko yephiko le-LDP. Izimiso zayo zihlanganisa ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kweYasukuni Shrini (isikhumbuzo sempi ebhekwa amazwe akanye njengophawu lwezesizwe) futhi i-unignodentiat (upt) ebumbene) futhi i-unistton (umperst) yesizwe).[3]

ISonto Elingavumelani Nempikiswano Yenguquko Yangemva Kwesivumelwano

Ithonya le - Unification Church (manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Family Federation for World Peace and Unication) liye labusa izihloko ezinkulu zamuva nje. Emashumini eminyaka, inhlangano yakha izinhlanganisela ezibanzi phakathi kwe-LDP, yafaka abezombangazwe njenge "abangane" futhi yabanikeza ukusekela komkhankaso, izisebenzi zokuzithandela, neminikelo yezimali. Ngokubuyayo, iSonto lafuna ukwelashwa okuhle ezindabeni ezinjengezezimpikiswano "ukuthengisa kwalo okungokomoya", izitsha ezihlotshisiwe, izigqebhezana zesonto, nezinye izinto ngaphansi kwesithunzi sokukhulula okhokhokhokhokho) nokuqaphela imishado yalo yalo ephoqekelelwa ukuba imishado. Ukubulala kweNkulumbuso uShinzo Abebebe kwambula ukujula kwale kwale kwale, njengoba umbiko onyukisiwe walewayo [Foctive [Fod], kanye nemithetho yemithetho yesonto engokomthetho engokomthetho egunyaza umphakathi, imvume egunyaza ekuhlo, imvumeni ewunyulweni yesonto ebanzi, imvume yokusekela ekuhlo. [

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Ezithonywe Ithonya Lenkolo

Amaqembu enkolo agxilisa amandla awo okuthonya nokukhetha ezimisweni ezithile lapho ukuziphatha kwawo nezenhlalo kuhambisana khona nokubusa komphakathi.

Imfundo Nemfundo Yokuziphatha

Lokhu kuwumsuka wempi. Amaqembu amaShinto namaBuddha adla ngoludala akhuthaza ukubuyela "ezemfundo yezemfundo" ("""""enyakazelisa izakhiwo zomkhaya ) ezigcizelela izakhiwo zomdabu, ukuhlonipha abadala, nokushisekela izwe kumbusi. Lokhu kuhambisana nomgomo we-LDP'. Umphumela u-scription of the Education for the Trigials of the produces" "lovalver of jource" ngokuphikisana, Soka Gakkaiak noKomeito abameleli besimiso semfundo esikhuthaza ukusungula, ukucabanga okugxeka, namalungelo abantu. Izwe lineminyuko ethinta izindinganiso zemfundo, incwadi yesikole, nendima yesikole (ngokumelela ingoma yesizwe) [FTB:[3], i-FT], iminyu yemist.[3]

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nomthetho - sisekelo Wokuthula

I-Pacifism iyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sezombangazwe seSoka Gakkai ne-Rissho Kosei-kai sokuziphatha kobuBuddha. Indawo kaKomeito kumaqembu isebenza njengezenzo ze-barrie egcwele ukulwa kwempi [. Nakuba i-LDP iye yaphumelela ekuchazeni futhi iSiphakamiso 9 sokuvumela izenzo zempi ezilinganiselwe zamazwe angaphandle, iKomeito iye yafuna njalo ukuba noma iziphi izimpi zamazwe aphesheya zibe ezinikeza usizo oluphelele, ifuna ukuvunyelwa kwephalamende, futhi igwema ukulwa ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukubizwa "isiqhelo" ngomqondo ovamile, inkambiso ephuma ngokuqondile ekusekelweni kwenkolo engokwenkolo ukuthi impi iwukwedukisa isithunzi somuntu.

Inhlalakahle Nomthetho Womkhaya

Komeito uye wakhuthaza ngokungaguquki ukusetshenziswa okuthé ngqo kwefilosofi yakhe engokwenkolo. Amaqembu athonya inkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, agxila enkambisweni yomkhaya [[FLT:] yomkhaya [[FLT: 1] ukusuka ekhokhweni elingokwesiko, ukuphikisana nomthetho wemithetho ekhuthaza ukuzalwa kwezingane ezingokwesiko. Amaqembu enkolo ahloniphiswe yize inzuzo engokomthetho, agxila enkambisweni yomkhaya [[FLT:] [[FLT: 1] ukusuka e-endinganisweni engokwesiko, ukuphikisana nokucindezela kwayo yemithetho ekhuthaza ukuzalwa kwezingane ezindlini ezingokwesiko. Amaqembu ashadile ashadile ashadile futhi anezinguquko ezingokomthetho eziqinisa indima yomkhaya.

Ukulondoloza Isiko Nesimo Sesizwe

Ama-shinto asebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni amasiko ethempeli, imikhosi, namasiko abhekwa njengabalulekile empucukweni yamaJapane. Asekela ukuqashelwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhosi yobuShinto (ngokuvamile ngokusekela kwezimali zomphakathi wemikhosi yendawo) futhi nokubukeza uMthetho we-Imperial Bename ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulandelana kombuso kuyaqhubeka kusemgqeni wabesilisa, ukuma okusekelwe esikweni lenkolo. Amaqembu enkolo athonya futhi umthetho womsasazi womphakathi NHK[FLT][FLT][FLT] izinhlelo zobucudiyo, ezikhuthaza ukugcinwa yikho okubonisa izindinganiso ezingokwesiko.

Izimpikiswano Nempikiswano Engaphezu Kokuthanda Uhulumeni

Izimpikiswano eziningi ezinkulu ziqokomisa ukungezwani phakathi kokuhlukana komthetho-sisekelo nomkhuba wangempela wezwe.

Ukonakala Kwesonto Nemiphumela Yalo

Izivubulo ezingu-2022 zaba nomphumela wokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuhlola komphakathi kwabonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abenzi bomthetho we-LDP ayebophelene neSonto Elihlangeneyo noma izinhlangano zalo ezihlangeneyo. Lokhu kwaphoqelela uNdunankulu uFumio Kisida ukuba ahlele ukuhlolwa kweqembu elinamandla futhi athembise umthetho omusha wokulahla iminikelo engekho emthethweni. Ibhizinisi likahulumeni elikhubazekile izinyanga eziningi futhi laholela ekuncipheni kwezikhulu zekhathengi eziningana. Inkinga eyisisekelo yadalulwa yayiwukuntuleka kokukhanya phakathi kweqembu lezentengiselwano yezezimali ezinamandla nezombangazwe ezifuna ukusekela. Iphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo: Liyini ithonya kakhulu? Futhi ingaveza kanjani inzuzo enkulu lapho kusetshenziswa inzuzo yenkolo ehlangene?

Izinselele Zomthetho - sisekelo Nokubukezwa Kokwahlulela

INkantolo Ephakeme yaseJapane iye yathatha indlela yokuqapha ngokuphathelene nokuhlukaniswa kwenkolo nesifundazwe. Endabeni yesibonakaliso sangonyaka ka 1977 ngokuphathelene U-Ammite-Defense Mands amabutho ahlanganyelayo ethempelini leShinto ephula imikhosi yenkolo [[, inkantolo yathola ukuthi akuzona zonke izenzo zikahulumeni ezihlangene nenkolo ezingekho ngokwesiko, kodwa lezo ezizenzwe zayo "injongo nethonya" zikhuthaza noma zicindezele ukholo oluthile. Lokhu "injongo nethonya" kuvumele izinga lokungacacile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zomphakathi zezakhiwo zendlu yomphakathi ezigqekelelwa umphakathi kuye kwaphikiswa kodwa kwasekelwa kakhulu. Le ndawo ewumthetho ivumela ukuba izinhlangano zenkolo ngaphandle kwemingcele esobala, ingakwazi ukuveza ithonya lesonto.

Umbono Womphakathi Nokunxusa Inguquko

Umbono womphakathi ngethonya lenkolo uhlukene kodwa uya ngokuya ugxeka. AmaJapane amancane, angenakho neze ukuba amalungu anoma iyiphi inkolo ehleliwe, athambekele ekubhekeni ukunxenxa okungokwenkolo njengethonya elingcolisayo. Ngemva kwehlazo lama-2022, kwakunezingcingo ezisakazekile zokufuna "IJapane" indlela ehlukanisa ubuShinto obungokwesiko nobuShinto obungokwenkolo nemithetho eqinile yeminikelo yezombangazwe nezinhlangano zenkolo. Nokho, ukushintsha isimiso kuyanzima ngokwezombangazwe ngenxa yokusekela kwe-LDP ne-Komeito. Noma imuphi umzamo wokuhlukanisa lezizibopho ungalahlekelwa isisekelo esithembekile, wenze inqubo yokulungisa inguquko enzima nebuhlungu.

Isiphetho: Umzimba Okhuthazelayo Kodwa Ovivinywayo

Ithonya lamaqembu enkolo ezinkambiso zeqembu lezombangazwe laseJapane alikhona okungafanelekile; liyisici sokwakha isimiso sentando yeningi ngemva kwempi. Izimpande ezijulile zamaqembu anjenge-Soka Gakkai, ukuhlanganiswa kwempucuko yobuShinto, kanye nezidingo eziwusizo zezinhlangano ezinjenge LDP ziye zakha ulwembu lokuxhumana oluphathelene nemfundo, ukulondeka, inhlalakahle, kanye nesizwe.

Lokhu kusebenza akulungile ngokuphelele noma akukubi ngokuphelele. Njengoba abagxeki bephikisa, kungalulaza ukubusa kwezwe futhi kwakhe amathuba okonakala. Njengoba abasekeli bephikisa, kunikeza isisekelo sokuziphatha senhlalakahle yezenhlalo nezimiso zokulwa nempi ezingase zinganakwa isimiso sezombangazwe esiphelele. Inselele eyinhloko yentando yeningi yaseJapane ayikona ukuqeda ithonya elingokwenkolo, cishe ingaba nokwenzeka ukunikezwa isivikelo somthetho-mfashini okhululekile nenkululeko yokukhuluma, kodwa iqinisekisa ukuthi isobala, futhi ibhekene nokuhlolwa okungokomthetho okufanayo nanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lenzalo. Amaphutha eminyaka yamuva aphoqeqelela lempikiswano esobala, nempikiswano eqhubekayo ngezimiso ezintsha ezingokokholo nezindawo ezintsha ezikhona emashumini eminyaka ezayo.