Ukukhula Kwemithombo Yezindaba Yezenhlalo Njengethonya Eliyikhonkolo

Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana aye akhula kusukela emagumbini ayinhloko ezokuxhumana angene ezinkundleni eziyinhloko zenkulumo yeningi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, isisekelo somphakathi esisetshenziswayo njenge Facebook, Twitter (manje engu-X), i-YouTube, i-Instagram, ne-Tik Tok aye anda kakhulu ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi. Lokhu kwanda okuhambisana nezenzakalo ezibalulekile zezombangazwe kanye nezezenhlalo . "Njengoba i-Black Livery, i-Black Livetter, kanye nesimo sezulu sembulunga yonke (manje), kubonisa ukuthi i-i-Yonke i-intelligest arvery ayisona nje isibuko nje sokuphila ngaphandle kwe-omhlala yomphakathi kodwa isisebenzi esisebenzayo sokuqaphela izakhamuzi izakhamuzi. Ikhono lokuhlanganyela ulwazi, ukuhlela, nokushaya umsindo kuye kwachaza indlela izakhamuzi ezifunda ngayo futhi zathintana ngezimpikiswano ezizweni zabo.

Izinombolo zizodwa zibonisa isilinganiso: ngo-2025, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,9 basebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, okumelela amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 abantu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindaba, imibono, nezingcingo zokuthatha isinyathelo zingasakazeka ngokushesha kunanoma yimuphi umsakazo wesiko. Nokho, izinga nethonya lalokho okusakazekayo kuxhomeke kakhulu ezimisweni zesikhulumi, ekuziphatheni komsebenzisi, nasemvelweni ebanzi yezinto eziphilayo.

Indlela Imithombo Yezindaba Eqaphelisa Ngayo Izindaba Ezinhle

Ukuqaphela nokuqonda izindaba zomphakathi, amalungelo, nemithwalo yemfanelo, kuye kwathonywa kakhulu yimithombo yezokuxhumana. Izinhlelo ze-Platform zinikeza inqwaba yamaprojekthi okuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya, nokuhlaziya okugcina abasebenzisi benolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphunyuleni izindaba, izimemezelo zikahulumeni, kanye nezenzakalo zobulungisa bezenhlalo ezingase zingatholi ukunakwa ngokushesha kwemithombo yezindaba ephambili.

Ukufinyelela Emibonweni Ehlukahlukene

Ngokungafani nemithombo yezindaba engokwesiko, lapho iphimbo elilodwa lomhleli livame ukubusa khona, imithombo yezokuxhumana ivumela izigigaba eziningi ukuba zihlale ndawonye. Abasebenzisi bangalandela izintatheli, abashisekeli bezemfundo, abezombangazwe, nabantu abavamile abanezizinda ezingafani. Lokhu kuhlukahlukahluka kungandisa ukuqonda izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokulawula ukufuduka, ukushintsha kwezempilo, noma imithetho yendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokhetho lukamongameli wase-2020.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokuqondile Nezinhlangano Ezisebenza Ngesigqi

Izinzuzo, amaqembu azimele, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni manje zilondoloza ubukhona obumatasa bezembutho zezokuxhumana ukuze zifundise futhi zihlanganyele umphakathi. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-American Civil Liberations Union (ACLU), i-Amnesty International, kanye namabhodi omphakathi endawo zisebenzisa amapulatifomu ukunikeza imibiko, umninikhaya uphila i-Q& njengalapho, futhi ufaka abasekeli. Lomugqa oqondile unciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kokufunda ngempikiswano futhi wenze isenzo. Umsebenzi ojikelezayo nge-Instagram angathola iposi evela enhlanganweni yokuvota, afake ucingo lwe-compactive, afake isibambiso, futhi abhalise ukuvota phakathi nemizuzu embalwa.

Ukwanda Kwezinhlangano Zezenhlalo

Izinhlangano ezazilwela ukubonakala manje zithola amandla ngokuzihlupha ngeminye imibango ehambisana namagciwane. # METoo, ngokwesibonelo, umzabalazo wotshani waqala njengomkhankaso wemikhankaso yezokuxhumana futhi ngokushesha wasakazekela emhlabeni wonke, ukuletha ukunakekela ekuhlukunyezweni nasekuhlaseleni ngokobulili ezimbonini kusukela kwezokuzijabulisa ukuya kwezolimo. Ngokufanayo, # BREDMATMAT i-hag yaba yisigi esikhalo esivusa umsindo ngemva kokufa kukaMichael Brown, uGeorge Floyd, noBreen Taylorm, izigidi ezidayeni zokubhikisha nokuxoxa. Izelelwa kwezokuxhumana azenza le zinhlangano, kodwa zazenza isivinini futhi zabe zingenakuphumelela.

Umshini Wesibeletho Onengxenye Kuyi - Internet

Ukuthatha isinyathelo kudlulela ngalé kokuvota. Izezindaba zomphakathi zisiza ukuba kwenziwe izinto eziningi, kusukela ekusayineni izicelo ze-intanethi kuya ekungeneni cishe emahholo edolobhana. Isithiyo esiphansi sokungena ``kunoma ubani othintana ne-inthanethi angahlanganyela'. "i-democralive , nakuba iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokujula nokusebenza kwezenzo zolwembu lwe-inthanethi kuphela.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwemizabalazo Yezinzwa

Izokuxhumana ziphumelela kakhulu ekuhlongozeni abantu ngesizathu esithile noma isenzakalo. Amathuluzi anjenge Facebook Events, Twitter Spaces, ne-Aussapp avumela abahleli ukuba baxhumanise ukubhikisha, ukuqoqa imali, kanye nemikhankaso yokuqapha ngemisebe ephansi. Unyaka ka-2017 Wabesifazane, owadonsa izigidi zabantu ababekhona emhlabeni wonke, wahlelwa kakhulu ngemithombo yezokuxhumana. Ngokufanayo, umshisekeli wesimo sezulu uGreta Thunberg, wahlanganyela ekubhikisheni kwesikole esisodwa ngo-20181818, futhi wahlanganisa ne-Instagram no-Twitter, wakhuthaza iqembu lentsha yembulunga yonke.

Izimemezelo Nemikhankaso Esebenzisa I - Internet

I-Platform enjengethi Change.org ne-Avaaz ichuma ngokuhlanganiswa kwezokuxhumana. Isicelo esasayinwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu sithola ukunakwa okusemthethweni futhi siqashelwa imithombo yezindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho lwama-2020.org isicelo sokucela ubulungisa ekufeni kukaGeorge Floyd saqongelelwa izigqebhene ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-19. Nakuba izicelo ze-intanethi zingashintsha ngokomthetho ngokuqondile, zidala ukucindezela futhi zibonise ukuthi umphakathi uthanda. Babuye bakhonze njengesango lokuhileleka kakhulu, njengoba abaqondisi bangamenywa ukuba baye ezingqungquthelelweni noma bathintane nabameleli babo.

Ukukhulumisana Okuqondile Nabameleli

Izezindaba zezenhlalo zinikeza izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezindikimba zikahulumeni. I-Platforms enjenge-Twitter ne-Facebook ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze impendulo, noma isigijimi esiqondile kubameleli bazo. Phakathi nezimpikiswano zomthetho, ama-athom angaveza imibono ngesikhathi sangempela. Abanye abezombangazwe, njenge-U.S. u-Aleksandriya Ocasio-Cortez, basebenzise i-Instagram Live ukuchaza izikweletu eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuphendula imibuzo yabalandeli, ukuveza ukukhanya okunganqamuki. Nokho, ukungena ngokuqondile kungaholela ekukhukhuleni izikhulu futhi kukhuthaze ukusabela kwentukuthelo kunokuba kubonise ukusabela kobukiso.

Ithonya Ezisizukulwaneni Ezisencane: Umbono WaboMdabu Wamanani

Intsha, ikakhulukazi uGen Z no-Ellens yeminyaka eyinkulungwane, iye yakhula ibhekene nemithombo yezokuxhumana njengomthombo oyinhloko wezindaba nokwaziswa komphakathi. Izindlela zayo zokuthembisana zihlukile ezizukulwaneni zakudala: isengozini enkulu yokubhekana nezombangazwe ngemimeme, amavidiyo amafushane, kanye nokusekela kunezindawo zokukhipha imibiko engokwesiko. Lokhu kushintsha kunezimiphumela ezinhle nezimbi.

Intuthuko Ekhuphukile

Imininingwane evela ku-2018 no-2020 yokhetho lwase-U.S. yabonisa ukwanda okukhulu kovoti bentsha, ngokwengxenye okubangelwa imikhankaso yezokuxhumana. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- Jote.org ezisetshenziswe i-Instagram ne-Tik Tok ukuthumela izikhumbuzo zokubhalisa nomthetho wesikhathi esimisiwe. Ngo-202020, umvoti phakathi kwe 18 kuya ku-29 leminyaka ubudala wafinyelela ku-50%, ukwanda kwesilinganiso esingu-10 kusukela ku-2016, ngokwe-U.S. Izenzo ezifanayo ziye zaphawulwa kwamanye amazwe, njengokhetho oluvamile lwaseNdiya ngo-201919, lapho imithombo yezokuxhumana iqala khona ukuvota okokuqala.

Amame Nento Equkethe Amabhande Njengamathuluzi Okwakha

Ama-mememe namavidiyo amafushane ezombangazwe angadalula izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe amafomethi avumelanayo, afinyelelekayo. Phakathi nobunzima bequbula lase-Australia ngo-2021, ama-Victory TikTok achaza ukuxhumanisa nokuthutha. Ngo-2022, izimemezelo ngesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme zasiza ekusakazeni ukuqaphela ukuguqulwa kwe-Roe v. Wade phakathi kwezilaleli ezisencane. Nakuba ama-memes engabangela ukuvuleka, avame ukuvusa ilukuluku futhi aholele abasebenzisi ukuba bafune ukwaziswa okuningi ngokwengeziwe.

Izinyathelo Ezithathwa Intsha

Imithombo yezokuxhumana inikeza intsha amandla okusungula izinhlelo zayo siqu zomphakathi. I - March for Our Lives, eyaqalwa abasinda ekudubulini kwesikole saseParkland ngo - 2018, yasebenzisa i-Twitter ne-Instagram ukuhlela ukubhikisha nokufuna umthetho wokulawula izibhamu ezweni lonke. Ukuba khona kwaleli qembu kuyi - Internet kwalivumela ukuba lixhumane nabashisekeli bentsha kwamanye amazwe nasemazweni, kwakha isikhungo sokuzingeniswa kwezentengiselwano.

Ithonya Lemithetho Yomthetho - sisekelo Ngenkulumo Yesiphakamiso

I-Platform akuyona imikhondo engathathi hlangothi; imithetho yabo yemithetho ibumba lokho abakusebenzisayo abakubonayo futhi ngenxa yalokho, lokho abakufundayo futhi bakwenze. Imithetho-mithetho ihlela izinto ezibangela ukuthembisana (njenge-(, i-"fur, ihlanganyela, ukuphawula----------arts" okuvame ukuhlanganisa izinto ezididayo ngokomzwelo, eziphikisanayo, noma ezivusa isithakazelo. Lokhu kunemiphumela ephawulekayo ekuqapheleni nokwethakazelo.

Izingxenye Zomhlobiso Nezinhlayiya Eziseceleni

Imithetho-mthetho ithambekele ekuboniseni abasebenzisi okunezinkolelo zayo ezikhona, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka embonweni engafani. Lokhu kungadala amagumbi lapho ukuqamba amanga kusakazeka khona futhi kunciphe ngokwezombangazwe kuyajula. Ukucwaninga kwe-Pew Research Center kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-64 eMelika akholelwa ukuthi imithombo yezokuxhumana isho ithonya elibi endleleni izinto ezenzeka ezweni, ukubhekisela ekusakazekeni kokwaziswa okungamanga nakwezombangazwe. Ukunqanyulwa kwama-asethi angena empuculweni kudinga umzamo wangempela, njengokulandela imithombo eminingi yezindaba noma ukuhileleka emaqenjini ezingxoxo ezihlukahlukene.

I - viral Mistation Ne - producence

Ukwaziswa okungamanga kungasakazeka ngokushesha kunezindlela zokulungisa. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, imithombo yezokuxhumana yayigcwele ulwazi olungeyilo ngokwelashwa, ukugoma, nemvelaphi yaleligciwane. Ukuhlola kwe-University of Oxford kwabonisa ukuthi izindaba ezingamanga ku-Twitter zinwebeka kakhulu, ngokushesha, futhi zibanzi kakhulu kuneqiniso, ikakhulukazi embusweni wezombangazwe. I-Platform iye yasabela ngokuhlola izinhlelo ezingokoqobo nangokulinganisela, kodwa umthamo wezinto eziqukethwe yiwo wenza ukuba zivumelane. Abasebenzisi kumelwe bahlakulele ulwazi olunezesayensi yokuhlola indawo ezungezile ukuze baqondise indawo ezungezile.

Indima Embaxa - mbili Yethonya Ekuhlanganyeleni Kwesigqibi

Izikhulu zezokuxhumana ezilandela kakhulu, zisiza ekuhlobiseni ukuqapha umphakathi. Ukugunyazwa kwazo izimbangela, abazohlolwa, noma izinhlangano kungahlanganisa izigidi zabalandeli abathemba ukutusa kwabo. Nokho, umehluko phakathi kokusekela okuqotho nokukhokhelwa ungafiphaza, kuholele ekukhathazekeni ngokuba yiqiniso nokuxhaphaza.

Izibonelo Eziqondile

Izinxulumanisi ezifana no uDavid Dobrik kanye neNkosi Yamazach [ isebenzise amapulatifomu ayo ukukhuthaza ukubhaliswa kovoti kanye nezenzo zesimo sezulu. Ngo-2020, iqembu labathophi bethonya ku-Instagram nase TikTok laqala umkhankaso we-# Copy At Polls, owakhuthaza intsha ukuba ivote futhi inikeze ukwaziswa ezindaweni zokuvota. Umkhankaso ufinyelele abasebenzisi abalinganiselwa ezigidi eziyikhulu. Ngokufanayo, abaholi bezobuhle basebenzisa amapulatifomu abo ukuphakamisa izimali zezenhlalakahle, njengosizo lwengozi noma ukusekela inhlekelele.

Izingozi Zokuthatha Icala

Akuzona zonke izibopho zomphakathi ezinethonya elinamandla. “Izenzo zokusekela imbangela ngemizamo emincane, njengokuhlanganyela i-hashtag ngaphandle kokuhileleka kakhulu . / ingabangela ukukhohlisa. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kungathatha indawo yezindlela eziyingozi zokuhlanganyela, njengokunikela noma ukunikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathonyeli abamukela ukukhokha ukuthuthukisa imbangela bangadukisa abalandeli bacabange ukuthi ukuvunyelelwa yizinto eziphilayo, njengoba kuboniswa emikhankasweni eminingi yezombangazwe exutshiwe.

Izinselele Ezibangela Impikiswano Engokwengeziwe

I - misformation, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuphola akuyona nje imiphumela engemihle; kungakuphazamisa kakhulu ukuhlanganyela kolwazi nokubusa ngentando yeningi.

Ukusakazeka Kwezindaba Ezikhohlisayo Nezindaba Ezinganembile

Ukulandisa okungamanga kungadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngo-2020, i-Platform post ye-Facebook ngokuqamba amanga yathi ukuvota ngeposi kwaholela ekukhwabaniseni okusakazekile, kunciphisa ukwethemba isimiso sokhetho lwase-U. Emazweni anjenge-Myanmar, izindaba ezingamanga ze-Facebook zabhebhebhethekisa ubudlova bezinhlanga namaRohingya Muslim. I-Platform iye yasebenzisa amalebula-maqiniso futhi yasusa ukulandisa okuphula imithetho, kodwa ijubane lendalo equkethwe yiyo livame ukudlula imizamo elinganiselwe. Umbiko ka-2023 ovela e-MIT Media Lab wathola ukuthi izindaba ezingamanga ezikuyi-Thithi zisakaza ngokushesha izikhathi eziyisithupha kunezindaba eziyiqiniso.

Ukwanda Kwemibono

Ibangela ukuthuka kwezenhlalo kanye nokukhuluma okuhlukanisayo, okungahlukanisa kakhulu. Ukuthanda kwe-algorith ukuhlukanisa kakhulu kusho ukuthi imibono eyeqisayo ivame ukubonakala kakhulu kunenokulinganisela. Lokhu kungadala “ukuthululana” lapho abantu abanemibono ephakathi kwepesenti noma yeqembu elithile benqikaza ukukhuluma. Ukuhlola okwanyatheliswa [2022] kwabonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwezombangazwe eFacebook kwancipha kodwa futhi kwanciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zomphakathi.

Ukukhohlisa Nokuhlukunyezwa Kwalabo Abafuna Ukuzitika Ngezono

Abathathi-nxaxheba, ikakhulukazi labo abasemaqenjini aphansi, bayizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa nge-intanethi. Usongo, ukuhlikihla nokuhlasela okuhlangene kungathulisa amazwi futhi kunqande ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ngo-2021, ukuhlola okwenziwa yi-Amnesty International kwathola ukuthi izintatheli zabesifazane ezingamaphesenti angu - 23 eziye zaphathwa kabi kuyi-intanethi, futhi eziningi zihoxa emithonjeni yezokuxhumana ngenxa yalokho. Lokhu kulimaza ngokudabukisayo labo abadinga kakhulu izikhulu ukuba basekele ushintsho.

Izinqubo Zokusebenzisa Imithombo Yezomphakathi Ngokuphumelelayo Nokucophelela

Ukuze kuncishiswe izinzuzo lapho kukhishwa umonakalo, kokubili abasebenzisa imishini nezikhungo bangamukela imikhuba esekelwe kubufakazi. Umgomo uwukuthuthukisa indawo lapho ukuqapha kuholela ekuthatheni isinyathelo ngolwazi kunokuba kugxekwe.

Kubantu ngabanye

  • Lungisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba wabelane. Sebenzisa amawebhusayithi okuhlola iqiniso njenge Snopes, FactCheck.org, noma i-Reuters Fact. Ukwaziswa kwe-Cros-fect kuyasho ngemithombo eyinhloko nezikhangiso zezindaba ezinedumela elihle.
  • [ faka izingxoxo ezihloniphekayo. Gwema ukuhlasela okunama-appinem. Gxila ebufakazini naseminxusisweni enengqondo, ngisho nalapho ungavumelani ngokuqinile.
  • Izinhlangano ezithembekile. Landela futhi unikele emaqenjini anerekhodi lokukhanya kanye nemiphumela, njenge ACLU[ noma Amnesty International[.
  • [ Inza ukudla kwakho kube okufanelekile. Landela ama-akhawunti avela ezindaweni ezihlukene zezombangazwe nasezindaweni zendawo ukuze unciphise imiphumela yegumbi lokunanela.
  • [ Phuma ngenxa yomsebenzi wangaphandle kolayini. Sebenzisa imithombo yezindaba njengebhodi lokungenela ukuya emihlanganweni yomphakathi, isisebenzi sokuzithandela, bhalela abameleli, noma ivoti (hhayi njengesithakazelisi.)

Kubantu Abashintshayo Nabenzi Bomthetho

  • Ukubona ngaphaya komthetho-mvume. Abasebenzisi kufanele bakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani okuqukethwe okuthile kuthuthukiswa futhi kunezindlela zokuhlela indlela yokusebenzisa ukudla kwabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kabi.
  • ingenisa ukulinganisela okuqukethwe. Iqiniso lokuhlola nokususa okuqukethe okulimazayo kumelwe kusetshenziswe ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi ezilimini ezingezona isiNgisi.
  • [[QURT:0] Izici zomphakathi. Izimpawu zingahlanganisa izikhumbuzo zokuvota, ukuxhumana nokwaziswa kokhetho olusemthethweni, namathuluzi ezinkulumo zomphakathi (umz., i-Twitter’s “Amaphuzu e-Community”).
  • Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-combat. Ukuqiniswa komthetho oqinile ngokuxhashazwa okuhloselwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlasela okungaziwa kanye nemikhankaso yokusakaza.

Isimo Sembulunga Yonke: Imithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi Ezimweni Ezihlukene Zezombangazwe

Ithonya lezenhlalo lokuqaphela umphakathi nokuhlanganyela lihluka kakhulu emazweni. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi elinenkululeko eqinile yokunyathelisa, imithombo yezokuxhumana inezela imithombo yezobupolishi engokwesiko. Kuhulumeni we-pholic, amapulatifomu kungaba ukuphela kokwaziswa okuzimele (noma angase ahloselwe ukunqanda ukungavumelani. Ngokwesibonelo, eHong Kong, ababhikishi basebenzisa i-Telegram ne LIHKG ukuhlela imibhikisho emikhulu engu-2019 ngaphandle kobuholi obukhulu. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, ohulumeni baseRussia naseChina baye bakha izimiso zokuhlola eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula izingxoxo nezokulawula. Ukuqonda lokhu kuyingozi kuyagxeka ukucusumbula okunga kobuqiniso nokulinganiselwa kwemithombo yezindaba yezenhlalakahle njengethuluzi lezezezezezwe.

Isiphetho

Izezindaba zezenhlalo ziye zayiguqula kakhulu indlela yokuqaphela nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Inciphisa izithiyo zokungena, yenza ukuba kungeneke isikhathi sangempela, futhi idlulisele izwi kulabo ababebekwe ngokwezimo ezingokomlando. Kodwa futhi ilulaza amanga, iphehla amandla okuhlala, ibeke izithakazelo zokuhlukumeza. Indlela engaphambili idinga inhlanganisela yokufunda imithombo yezindaba, ukulandisa, nokungenela kwenqubo okubeka idemokhrasi endaweni engcono kakhulu enqubeni. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, izokuxhumana kungaba impumelelo enamandla ezimisweni zezenhlalakahle zesizwe, kodwa ibhuloho elihlanganisa ulwazi lwezenzo.