Amandla Angenanzuzo Okukhetha Kwendawo

Nakuba okhetho bezwe bebusa ukudluliswa kwezindaba nokunakwa komphakathi, okhetho bendawo banikeza ithonya elithulile kodwa elinamandla ngokulinganayo emithethweni nasemithethweni ethonya ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Amalungu esikole, amameya, abakhomishani bedolobha, abameli besifunda, nabameli besigodi benza izinqumo ezithinta ngokuqondile izinga lemfundo, ukulondeka komphakathi, ukukhokha kwezindlu, nezintela zendawo. Lezi zinqumo aziyeki edolobheni noma emigqeni yesifundazwe. Bavame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokuhlola izinqumo ezithi kamuva zifinyelele esifundazweni nasesigabeni sombuso. Ukuqonda lomphumela kudingekile kunoma yisiphi isakhamuzi ofuna ukubona izindinganiso zaso ezivezwa ngombuso.

I-Voter eqashelwayo kukhetho lwendawo kuyaziwa kakhulu. Emadolobheni amaningi ase-U.S., amaphesenti angaphansi kwangamashumi amabili abavoti abafanelekayo aphonsa amabhola okhethweni lukamasipala, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angaba ngu 60 okhetho lukamongameli. Lokhu kuhlanganyela okuphansi kusho ukuthi iqembu elincane, elishukunyiswayo lingaba nemithetho emilenze eqinile. Umphumela uwukuthi okhetho lwendawo lungaba izisekelo ezinamandla zokushintsha (noma ukuthatha i-paste). Ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwabo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola isakhamuzi esithembiswe kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka Kokukhetha Ukuphila Kwansuku Zonke Kwendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo banomthwalo wemfanelo wezisebenzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Baphatha izikole zomphakathi, amaphoyisa neminyango yomlilo, amapaki, imitapo, izithutho zomphakathi, nemigwaqo yendawo. Bahlela futhi amazinga entela yempahla, imithetho yokwakha, futhi banqume indlela yokwabela izimali zombuso nohulumeni. Abantu abakhethwe kulezi zikhundla benza izinqumo ezithonya ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila emphakathini.

  • Amabhodi esikole anquma izifundo, izindinganiso zokuqasha uthisha, kanye nokuhlela imali.
  • Imikhandlu yamadolobha ivumela izinguquko ezikhona ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu nomphakathi.
  • Izikhungo zezigodi zezomnyango wezempilo yomphakathi nezinkonzo zezenhlalakahle.
  • Abameli besigodi banquma indlela yokuqulisa amacala, bethonya ukulahlwa kwecala lendawo.

Ngenxa yokuthi amahhovisi endawo ngokuvamile awabandluleli noma awahlukanisi kakhulu emvelweni, angaheha abazokufaka imiqondo emisha noma amapulatifomu azimele. Lokhu kubenza babe yindawo evundile yokuhlola izimiso. Idolobha elisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo uhlelo lwangaphambi kwe-procestergarten noma i-polic yomphakathi liba yi-applys efuna iziphendu. Ngokuhlukile, ukwehluleka kwenqubo yendawo kungasusa iziphakamiso ezifanayo emazingeni aphakeme kahulumeni.

I - “pout ” Ephansi, Ama - Stake Aphakeme

Igebe phakathi kokubaluleka kokhetho nendawo nokuthatha iqhaza likhulu. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku- Ukucwaninga , cishe amaphesenti angu-20 kuphela abavoti abafanelekayo aphumele okhethweni bendawo abangu-2021 emadolobheni ayishumi amakhulu kakhulu ase-U.S. emiphakathini emincane, ukuguqukela kunciphe inombolo eyodwa. Uma i-patton iphansi, i-voratetement ivame ukuba nkulu, imhlopher, futhi ichumile kakhulu kunomphakathi wonke. Le skevskew ingaveza imithetho ebonisa izinto eziza kuqala kubantu abambalwa, njengokuxhasa imali yamaphoyisa ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, noma ukuhlukanisa imingcele yezindawo ezikhona.

Indlela Esuka Endaweni Iya Emthethweni Kahulumeni

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokucwaninga ezingokomthetho. Uma idolobha noma isifunda sithatha indlela entsha yokuthatha indlela (noma ikhona kusemholweni olinganiselwe, kumthetho wendawo ezungezile, noma kubulungisa obungaphula umthetho) zenza ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwezwe. Uma lenkambiso iphumelela, ingabangela amandla okuthola ukutholwa kwe-pane ye-ocence yombuso. Uma ihluleka, inikeza ukwaziswa okuqaphile. Lokhu kusebenza kuyabonakala kakhulu ezindaweni zenkambiso, impilo yomphakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo.

Ukuhamba Ngemijaho Encane

Ngo-2014, iSeattle yaba elinye lamadolobha okuqala eU.S. ukuba athole iholo elingu-R22 763 hola. Ukuthutha kwabangela ukuphikisana, futhi abamelene nokuxwayiswa kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi iholo elandisiwe lezisebenzi eziphansi ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokusebenza eyinhlekelele eyabikezelwa abagxeki. Impumelelo yenkambiso kaSeattle egqugquzelwa kwamanye amadolobha, kuhlanganise neSan Francisco, iLos Angeles, neNew York. Ngo-2025, izifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-40 ziye zaphakamisa iholo lazo noma zinezikwele ezithathelwa izindleko eziye zatholakala ngokuqondile kulokhu kuhlola kwendawo. Lokhu kuhlola okushiwo abagxeki.

Izinguquko Zezindlu Nezokuzilungisa

Imithetho yendawo ehlanganisa indawo inamandla okuqeda ukuvuleka kwezindlu. Amadolobha anjengeMinneapolis nePortland aye ahola indlela ngokususa umndeni owodwa 766 ezindaweni, ukuvumela i-duplexia ne-transties ezindaweni ngaphambili ezigcinelwe izindlu ezihlukene. Lezinguquko zaqala okhethweni bendawo ezaphakamisa ukubekela inselele izithakazelo zabaninikhaya ezigxilile. Impumelelo yawo iye yabangela izishaya-mthetho e-Oregon, eCalifornia, nase Washington ukuba zicabangele inguquko ekwakhiweni. Umphumela uwukuthi isinqumo esenziwa umkhandlu wedolobha elilodwa edolobheni lingashaya ngaphandle, kushintshe indawo yokuhlala yezigidi zabantu.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nesimiso Sendawo Ezungezile

Ohulumeni bendawo baqala futhi ukusungula izindlela zezempilo zomphakathi. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID 16), amadolobha kanye nezilinganiso ezigunyaziswe ukuvala isifihla - buso, ukuvala amabhizinisi, nezimfuneko zokugoma ngaphambi kwesenzo sombuso noma sombuso. Ngokufanayo, ukuvinjelwa kwendawo ngamapulasitiki ama-plastiki ama-polytyrene namagwebu e-polystyne kuye kwasakazeka emadolobheni anjengeSan Francisco nePortland ukuba abe umthetho kazwelonke ezindaweni eziningana. Brakings Institution Inst [[[ iqokomisa indlela isenzo sendawo yokwakha isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa amandla, ngokuvamile kuba yikhangisa umthetho wezwe wesimo sezulu esiphezulu.[FLT]

Indlela Imibono Yendawo Ethonya Ngayo Ezombangazwe Zesizwe

Ukuhlobana phakathi kokhetho lwendawo nenkambiso yesizwe akuqondile kodwa kunamandla ngendlela elinganayo. Amahhovisi endawo asebenza njengendawo yokuqala yemisebenzi yezombangazwe. Amalungu amaningi eSishaya-mthetho ngaphambili ayephethwe uhulumeni noma ihhovisi lendawo. Izimiso azenzayo ngokuvamile ziqhubekela phambili emsebenzini wawo eWashington. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhetho lwendawo lungaguqula ukuhlelwa kwemibono yabameleli bakahulumeni, okuthinta imiphumela ezindabeni ezinjengokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukufuduka, namalungelo omphakathi.

I - candidete Pipeline

Ngokwe , cishe amaphesenti angama-60 amalungu amanje endlu yase-U.S. ayekhonza ngaphambili esiGungwini sombuso, futhi amaningi awo aqala imisebenzi yawo emikhandlwini yedolobha noma kumanxusa esifundazwe. Ukunqoba kokhetho lwendawo kunikeza ukuqashelwa, ukuxhasa i-sethi yomphakathi, nokuhlangenwe nakho okudingekayo ukuze ungenele esikhundleni esiphakeme. Izimiso zomsekeli waba ingxenye yerekhodi nedumela lawo. Isibonelo, umphathi wedolobha onciphisa ukungabi namakhaya ngempumelelo ngokufinyelela indawo yokuqala angasebenzisa lokho kufezwayo ukuze amelele imithetho efanayo yombuso.

Izinhlangano Ezinomsuka Neminyaka Yesizwe

Izinhlangano eziningi zezenhlalo zaqala endaweni. Ukugqugquzelwa kwezemthetho zomthetho kwakhuthazwa okhetho lwendawo olwabangela abashushisi abanezinhloso zenguquko ukuba balawule emadolobheni anjengePhiladelphia, iSan Francisco, neChicago. Laba bameli besigodi bashintsha imikhuba yokumangalela, ukuncishiswa kwemitapo, nokuqedwa kwemali, kwakha i-pagergrafe eyakhanga umphakathi. Ngokufanayo, ukusungulwa kokukhishwa kwezisu namalungelo okuletha ukuzala kuye kwabona izindikimba zezenziwa zezemthetho zendawo zidlula “idolobha elinomthetho” izinqumo zokuvikela abanakekela neziguli, njengoba nje imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni ivimbela ukufinyelela. Le misebenzi yendawo ihlala impikiswano esweni lomphakathi nesomthetho wesizwe isabela.

Ukushintsha Iqembu Lesizwe Inamandla

Ukhetho lwendawo lungabuyisela futhi isimo sezombangazwe ngokuguqula izakhiwo ze-partinal. Uma iqembu lilahlekelwa imingcele yezinhlanga zendawo, ngokuvamile libangela inkathi ye-introspectivation ne-platchit shaul. IRiphabliki Party igxila kakhulu kuhulumeni nase mphakathini ngokhetho, ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezinjengomthetho we-REDMAP, ibonise indlela ukulawula izishaya-mthetho zesizwe ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ekulawuleni i-gerryman coligationalrion futhi ziqinise i-omforio yomphakathi. Ngokuphambene, i-Didemocratic Party index index ivex yamuva nje ezindaweni ezingaphandle nasezindaweni zokhetho zendawo, ive isizukulwane sabahlolile abahlela inguquko yesimo, ukufinyelela kwempilo, ukungenela kwesizwe, nokushintsha isigaba sezinhlanga.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Zomphumela Wendawo

Ukuhlola amacala akhethekile kucacisa uchungechunge lwethonya ebhokisini lokuvota lendawo kuya emthethweni wezwe nowezwe.

I - gottle’s Seattle’s Wage: Kusuka EHholo LaseDolobheni Kuya EMbusweni ICapitol

Ukuthutha kukaSeattle ahamba asebenze amahora angaphansi kuka-R25 ngo-2014 kwakungomunye wokuhlolwa kokuqala nokuqashelwa kakhulu kwendawo. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yaseWashington bathola ukuthi lenkambiso yaphakamisa iholo lezisebenzi ezihhanjwayo eziphansi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi okukhulu, nakuba ukulungiswa okuthile kwamahora kwenzeka. Impumelelo yaphumelela kakhulu kangangokuba imikhankaso yeholo eliphansi kakhulu yaqala kwamanye amadolobha amaningi. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, isho ukuthi iNew York, California, neMassachusetts yayamukela iholo eliphansi kakhulu, futhi impikiswano kahulumeni yasuka “kuyo kuya ku“ masinya.” Umbuso wamashumi amabili19 wabe uPhaya iWage Act, owadlula iNd House kodwa wadla ige egesakazini, waphawula impumelelo yendawo engcono njengendlela yokuthethelela indawo ka-R65 (R65).

I - Plastic Bag YaseSan Francisco: Inkolelo Yasendaweni Eyaya Embulungeni Yonke

Ngo-2007, iSan Francisco yaba idolobha lokuqala le-U.S. laba yisikhwama sepulasitiki sokuqala ukuvinjelwa. Umthetho wawuwukusabela ekungcoleni nasekulimaleni kwendawo ezungezile. Abaphikisi babebikezela ukuthi abathengi babuyela emuva, kodwa ukuvinjelwa kwabonakala kuthandwa futhi kwakopishwa ngokushesha amadolobha anjenge Los Angeles, Chicago, neWashington, D.C. Ngo-2014, izifunda eziningana zase ziwuvimbele umlomo wazo, futhi i-European Union yalandela ngesiqondiso esidinga amalungu ukuba anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwesikhwama sepulasitiki. Namuhla, amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu anendlela ethile yokukhomba ipulasitiki, amaningi alandela emuva ezinyathelo zokhetho zendawo. I-San Francisco Board of Superviers eyafaka ukuviorsalwa kwezikhulu zehhovisi laba basekeli eCalifornia yafinyelela imiphumela efinyelele kude.

Ukwahlulela Kwezigebengu Kwendawo: Umshushisi Oqhubekayo WasePhiladelphia

Ngo-2017, iPhiladelphia yakhetha uLarry Krasner njengommeli wesifunda esisesiteji sezemthetho eziguqulwayo. UKrasner waqeda ibheyili yemali yecala elingenazo ubudlova, wanciphisa izigwebo zokuthola izidakamizwa, futhi wasungula isibopho sokwethembeka. Izimiso zakhe zathola ukugxekwa okukhulu ezinyunyana zamaphoyisa kodwa futhi zaveza ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwenani labantu basejele nasekwahlukaneni kwezinhlanga ekuboshweni. Indlela kaKrasner yalandelwa abashushisi benguquko emadolobheni anjenge Boston, Houston, neSt. Louis. Lo khetho lwasendaweni yakhona lwanikela izingxoxo zesizwe mayelana nokuboshwa kweqembu futhi lwandisa umthetho womabili i-partry and First Ectic Act ka-201818181818.

Ukukhethwa Kwebhodi Lesikole Nezimpi Zemfundo Zesizwe

Ukhetho lwesikole lwama-2021 lwaba indawo ebanzi yesizwe kulokhu okuqukethwe yizifundo, ubulili, nohlanga. EVirginia, umjaho kambusi wathonywa kakhulu ukusingatha kwebhodi yesikole yemibono egxekayo yezinhlanga. Izimpi ezifanayo eFlorida zaholela ekudluleni kweRetational Rights in Education Act, eyathiya ukufundiswa kwekilasi ngezimiso zobulili nobulili. Ibhodi lesikole (a) ngokuvamile isigaba sesikole esibonakala sikhethiwe futhi saba inkundla yempi yesizwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpi eziningi zanikeza imithetho eqondisa indlela izikole ezifundisa ngayo ngezinhlanga nangomlando, futhi iphikisana ngezikweletano zikahulumeni ngokuphathelenezeluleko zobulili nobulili.

Indima Yokuhlanganyela Emithethweni Eshintshayo

Umvoti ophansi okhethweni lwendawo ufaka ithonya lamaqembu anezithakazelo ezihleliwe nezakhamuzi ezithola inzuzo kakhulu. Uma iningi labavoti abafanelekayo lihlala ekhaya, izinqumo zenziwa ingxenyana encane yabantu. Lokhu kunamandla kunemiphumela yenqubo eqinile.

  • Ukuhamba ngaphansi kuvame ukuzuzisa abampofu, okwenza kube nzima ukuba imibono emisha ingene kulesi simiso.
  • Abanikazi bezindawo nezithakazelo zebhizinisi ngokuvamile bavota ngamazinga aphakeme, bephoqelela umthetho ekunciphiseni intela nasekuvinjelweni kwemithetho.
  • Ukhetho lwezikole lubonakala lunengxenye enkulu kubazali, kuyilapho abaqashi nabavoti abasebasha bengamelelwa.

Lapho kunyuswa inqubo, ukushintshwa kwenqubo. Ukuhlola kwe- uNgqungquthela wesizwe we-Legislatures kwathola ukuthi amadolobha anabavoti abaphezulu kukhetho lukamasipala asengozini kakhulu yokwabela imali ekwaziniseni izindlu, ukuthuthwa kwezindawo zomphakathi, nezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi. Ngokuhlukile, amadolobha aphansi achitha imali eningi embusweni nasemisebenzini yezezisekelo ethandwa yizinhlangano zezebhizinisi ezisezikhungweni zezemizi - zindawo. Isifundo sisobala: ukuthi ubani ovota izindaba njenganini noma kanjani.

Ukuhlanganyela Okukhuthazayo Kweqembu Lezisebenzi Ezisezingeni Lasezindaweni Ezizungezile

Njengoba izakhamuzi zithonywe ukhetho lwendawo, zingathatha izinyathelo zikakhonkolo ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi izwi lazo liyazwakala.

  • [[FLT: 0] Zifundise ngokwakho. uya emihlanganweni yedolobha, ufunde ama-peall ombuzo, futhi ulandele izindaba zendawo. Amawebhusayithi angangeni nzuzo anjenge Ballot Early[ unikeza ukwaziswa okungathathi ngxenye ezindinganisweni zabazofundayo nezingangeni.
  • Uvote kunoma yiluphi ukhetho. Izivotelo eziningi zendawo zenzeka phakathi nonyaka wama-28year noma ezinsukwini ezihlukene nokhetho oluvamile lukaNovember. Hlola ihhovisi lokhetho lwesifunda sesifunda sezwe sakho ukuze uthole ikhalenda eligcwele.
  • Ukuhlanganisa nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Amaqembu anjengeNhlangano yaMavoters, izahluko zendawo ze-Indipedification, noma izinxulumani zomphakathi zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuvota nokuqaphelisa abavoti.
  • Cela ukusebenza esikhundleni. Uma ubona igebe elimele noma umagazini odinga ukunakwa, amahhovisi asendaweni ayafinyelelwa /akukho okuhlangenwe nakho kwezombangazwe okudingekayo ezikhundleni eziningi.
  • [ Advocate yezindlela zokukhetha ezilungile. Izinyathelo zokusekela ezenza ukuvota kube lula, njengokubhalisa usuku lwenyanga ka-1967, ama-posi 76in bolot, kanye nezinto zolimi oluhlukahlukene.

Isiphetho: Umjaho Wendawo Uyithonya Lesizwe

Umqondo wokuthi ukhetho lwendawo aluyona into ebaluleke kakhulu uthoba idemokrasi. Ibhodi ngalinye lesikole, umkhandlu wedolobha, nesihlalo sobukhomishane wesifundazwe kungasishintsha isisekelo sombuso nesimiso sombuso wezwe. Ngokusukela emalini ethathelwa ukushintsheka kwesimo sezulu, ukwahlulela kobugebengu ukuya emfundweni, izinhlelo ezintsha kakhulu nenethonya ziqala ngokukhetha okumbalwa kwezindawo zokhetho zendawo. Izakhamuzi ezihlala ekhaya ngosuku lokhetho lukamasipala zidela amandla azo okubumba ikusasa. Labo ababonisa ukuthi abahlolile, bavota, bavota, futhi babamba izikhulu ezikhethiwe ziphendule ngo----------------kabili abahlela izinqumo zezwe. Ukhetho lwendawo alukho ukubukiswa. I-injini eyinhloko yenkambiso yokhetho e-hlelo eUnited States, futhi ifanele ukunakaliswa kwezakhamuzi zonke.