Isisekelo Esingokomlando Senkumbulo Yempi EJapane

Ifa leMpi Yezwe II lisengomunye wamabutho anamandla kakhulu kwezombangazwe zamaJapane. Kusukela ekunwebeni kwempi yama-1930 kuya ekuqhumeni ngebhomu le-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki, inkumbulo yezwe iyodwa kakhulu. Ngokungafani namazwe aye afinyelela ukulandisa okukodwa, okuhlangene okungokomlando − njengokuthi ukuvuma kwaseJalimane ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe (jezwi ne-Japanian) kuncintisana nemibono engokwezikhawu zempi, isizukulwane, ne-athomu. Lokhu kuhlukanisa ngokuqondile kuthonya izikhulu zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezombangazwe, kuthonya yonke into kusukela ezingxabanweni zomthetho kuya eChina naseNingizimu Korea.

Ngemva kwempi, i-Association Community (1945-19952) yamisa umthetho-mthetho onqabela impi futhi yazama ukuchitha umbuso wempi. I-Tokyo Trials (146-1948) yazama ukumisa umlando ongokomthetho wobugebengu bempi yaseJapane, kodwa ukwamukelwa kwezindawo zasekhaya kwahlukahluka. AmaJapane amaningi azibona njengezisulu ngokuyinhloko (zezisulu zezikhali ze-athomu, ukudubula ibhomu, ukudubula, kanye nokuswela kwempi) njengokuhlasela kwesizwe. Lokhu “ukuqaphela” kulokhu kuseyinsika eyisisekelo yezindaba ezithile zezombangazwe. Ngokuphambene, abashisekelisizwe bagcizelela ifa le Japan’s samurairai, ukufaneleka kwezenzo ze-Amperist e-Asia, nesidingo sokubuyisela ukuqhosha kwesizwe nempi.

Umphumela uba isimo sezombangazwe lapho inkumbulo yempi ingeyona iqiniso elingokomlando eliqinisekile, kodwa indawo yemibono eqhubekayo. Amadili akhetha, andisa, noma acindezela izici ezihlukahlukene zesikhathi esidlule ukuze athethelele iziteshi zawo zemithetho. Ukuqonda lokhu kukhetha kubalulekile ekuqondeni izombangazwe zasekhaya zaseJapane nendawo yazo emhlabeni.

Izimpi Ezinkulu Zezombangazwe Nenkumbulo Yazo Yempi

I - Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

I-LDP iye yabusa iJapane isikhathi esiningi ngemva kwenkathi yempi, futhi ukuma kwayo enkumbulo yempi akunakwenzeka nge-octiyo. Iqembu elivelele libheka iJapane njengesizwe esithanda ukuthula esiye sahlawulela isikhathi saso esidlule futhi manje esinengxenye ekuzinzeni kwembulunga yonke ngezindlela zezomnotho nezokuhlela. Nokho, amaqembu angaphakathi anyukela kakhulu. Iphiko elingokwesiko elihlotshaniswa nezikhulu zempi njenge Shinzo Abe, limisa “ibutho elivamile” futhi elinganqatshelwanga umthetho wezwe wezentengiselwano zempi.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-LDP inamalungu asesilinganisweni namazwe agcizelela ukubaluleka kokubuyisana ne-Korea neChina. Basekela ukwanda kokuqapha phakathi kwe-U.S.-Japane. Isimiso somfelandawo yesikhulu seqembu sivumelana nalemiqondo: iphinde ivuselele ukuthula, kodwa futhi ifuna i-UISD-DENSEARD (SDF) enamandla anamandla kakhulu okuzihlanganisa nekhono lokusebenzisa i-octives. Impikiswano ye-Yasukini Shrini ibonakalisa lokhu kuhlukanisa − kanti ezinye izazi zezombangazwe ze-LDP zivakashela ithempeli njalo (okuthiwa imbala impi efile, kuhlanganise nezigebengu zempi), ezinye zigwema ukuvimbela ukuwa kwezingxoxo.

Ngakho ukulandisa kwempi kweLDP kufeza injongo ehlukene: kunikeza izilaleli zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe uphawu lokubheka phambili, lokuthula, kuyilapho kubheka izinhlangano ezilwela ubuzwe ezibheka uhlelo lwangemva kwempi njengehlazo okumelwe zinqotshwe.

IQembu Lentando Yeningi LaseJapane (CDP)

ICDP, eyakhiwa ngo-2017 njengendawo ehlanganisa amabutho amaningana aphakathi kwesobunxele, izikhundla zawo ngokwawo njengomqaphi oyinhloko womthetho-sisekelo waseJapane owenqabela impi. Ukulandisa kwayo kwempi kusekelwe ekuzisoleni nasekuvumeni unyathela lwamaJapane. Iqembu lisho ngokucacile ukuthi iJapane yabangela “umonakalo omkhulu nokuhlupheka” emazweni ase-Asia, futhi isekela imizamo eqhubekayo yokudlulisela lomlando ezisizukulwaneni ezizayo. ICDP iphikisa noma ikuphi ukubukezwa kweSiphakamiso 9, “umsuka woxolo” odumile olahla impi futhi unqabela ukuphumelela kwempi.”

Kuyi CDP, izifundo zeMpi Yezwe II zicacile: ukulwa kuholela enhlekeleleni, futhi ukulondeka kweJapane kufanele kusekelwe ekuxhumaneni nezizwe, ukubambisana kwe-SDF, kanye ne-SDF ebekwe ekunikezeni usizo lwenhlekelele nasekugcineni ukuthula. Leliqembu ligxeka imizamo yokwandisa imali yezempi nokuchaza kabusha umthetho-sisekelo, liphikisa ukuthi ukuqhubekela phambili kufaka inhlekelele futhi kululaza ukwethelelwa umphakathi. ICDP futhi isekela ukuvela kakhulu kwemfundo yomlando, isekela izincwadi ezichaza inhlekelele ngesikhathi sempi. I-LDP ishosho into ephikisana nemithetho yesizwe emelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-LDP ekhetha ukulandisa okucubusela phambili.

Nokho, i CDP ibhekene nezinselele ekuhumusheni lendaba njengempumelelo ekhethiwe. Endaweni yokulondeka echazwa yizikhali ezicitshwayo zase-North Korea kanye nobuqamama bamaShayina, ukunxusa kokulwa kungabonakala kuwubuwula kwabanye abavoti. Leliqembu liye lazama ukunweba ukukhanga kwalo ngokugcizelela “ukuthula okunamandla” okuhambisana nokusekela amandla okuvikela, kodwa ukulandisa kwalo okuyisisekelo kwempi kulokhu kuhlangene ngokuqinile nokuzisola nomthetho sisekelo.

Komeito

Komeito, i-LDP eyisisebenzi esingaphansi kwesivumelwano kusukela ngo-1999, isuka ehlelweni lobuBuddha lase-Soka Gakkai. Inkumbulo yayo yempi icwengwa ngelens yokuthula esekelwe ezimisweni zobuBuddha zokungaphazamisi nokuhlonipha ukuphila. UKomeito ugcizelela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa komthetho ngokomthetho ngokwesiko kugcizelela ukuvikelwa kwendima yempi ehlangene. Kule ngqungquthela, isebenza njengebhuleki emfundweni ye-LDP engcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenkulumo yomthetho wezokuphepha ngo-2015, uKomeito wagcizelela ukuvikelwa kwemithetho engokomthetho yokuzimela i-effense, futhi wasiza ekulinganisweni kwemisebenzi ye-SDF.

Indaba kaKomeito igwema umthathi mbumbulu oyisisulu u-dichotomy. Kunalokho, igcizelela umthwalo wemfanelo waseJapane wokuthuthukisa ukuthula ngosizo lokusiza abantu, usizo lokuthuthukisa, nokuncishiswa kwezikhali. Ukusekela kwaleliqembu kuhlanganisa abantu abaningi abasesilinganisweni basedolobheni nabalandeli benkolo ababheka inkumbulo yempi njengesixwayiso, hhayi umthombo wokuzidla. Nakuba ithonya likaKomeito selinciphile eminyakeni yamuva, liyaqhubeka lihlela indlela yokusingatha impikiswano yomlando, ikakhulukazi ngokunqabela ukuhambela kwenkonzo eyinhloko eYasukuni kusukela ngo-2009 kuqhubeke.

IQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseJapane (JCP)

I-JCP inenkumbulo yempi ehlukanisayo: iveza iJapane njengomsunguli wezimpi ezinonya nokucindezela, kodwa igcizelela futhi indima yabantu baseJapane (kuhlanganise namakhomanisi) njengezisulu nabaphikisi. Leliqembu lifuna ukuvunywa okuphelele kobugebengu bempi, ukuhlukaniswa ukuze liduduze abesifazane nezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe, nokunamathela ngokuqinile ekuvinjelweni komthetho-mthetho-mgaqo-mthetho emabuthweni ezempi. I-JCP iveza ukuthi i-U.S.-Japane isekela impi eyaholela empini, futhi isekela iJapane engekho sona sigani.

I-JCP isebenzisa inkumbulo yempi ukuze ithethelele isimo sayo sokumelene ne-militari kanye nokumelana ne-allicance. Ikhipha ukulandisa okuningiliziwe komlando wonya lwamaJapane nemikhankaso yokulwa nokugeza incwadi. Nakuba i-JCP ihlala iyimpompozanyana enezihlalo ezicishe zibe ngu-10-12 endlini engezansi, ukuma kwayo okunezimiso zempi kuyenza ikwazi ukuthatha igunya lesimilo phakathi kwezihlakaniphisi ezizinzile nezishisekeli zokuthula.

Nippon Ishin (Iqembu Lokulungisa LaseJapane)

Nippon Ishin, iqembu leqembu lempompo elihamba ngakwesokudla elisekelwe e-Osaka, linomqondo olinganayo kakhulu ngenkumbulo yempi. Indawo yalo esendaweni igxila ekubukezweni komthetho sisekelo, ukususwa komthetho-mthetho, ukususwa kwezomnotho, nokususwa kwenguquko kwesifunda. Ezindabeni ezingokomlando, i-Ishin ivumelana ne-LDP yohlanga: isekela “impi evamile”, ukwamukela umqondo wokuthi iJapana kufanele iqhoshe ngomlando wayo, futhi inciphe inte. Nokho, isisekelo sika-Ishin sihlukene kakhulu, futhi iqembu alikenzi inkumbulo yempi iphuzu eliyinhloko. Ivame ukuphatha umlando njengento engcono kakhulu ephuma kwesobunxele emzweni wezwe kunokuba inqubo yomuntu. Lesisimo somthetho sivumela ukuba ikhange kokubili ukuvota nabalawuli ababusayo.

Ithonya Enqubweni Yomthetho Nobuhlobo Bomhlaba Wonke

Ukubukezwa Nomthetho - sisekelo 9

Inqubo ebonakala kakhulu ehlukahluka esekelwe emfundweni yempi ingaphezulu kweSiphakamiso 9. I-LDP, ngaphansi kwe-Abe, ihlongoza ukubizwa okucacile kwe-SDF kumthetho-sisekelo − ushintsho oluyoyinikeza imvume ephelele futhi lususe imingcele yokungalwi. Lendlela yokubukeza ihlelwe idingeka kakhulu ukuze ivikele iJapane ezweni eliyingozi, kodwa abaphikisi bayibheka njengenyathelo lokuphinde ilwe empini elifana nenkathi yangaphambi kwempi. ICDP noJCP yokuvimbela ukubukezwa, ikhomba izifundo zomlando. Komeito ihlukene: ukuhola kwayo kuvumela izinguquko ezincane kodwa i-Siphakathi se-9 somoya wayo. Iphin iyasekela, kodwa njengendaba yobukhosi kunamacala angokomlando.

Lempikiswano ingokomzwelo kakhulu ngoba ingena ekulandiseni okuyisisekelo: iyisibonakaliso sokuthula kwangemva kwempi okuyimpumelelo yokuzidla okumelwe ilondolozwe, noma ikhamandela elizuzwe njengefa kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe? Lempi idlalwa kuzo zonke izinqubo zokukhetha noDiet, ilololonga isimo sokulondeka esibanzi saseJapane.

Ukuvakashela Ithempeli LaseYasukuni

Ukuhambela kwezikhulu zempi namalungu okhatheyini eYasuni Shrine . lapho izigebengu zesigaba sempi zihlanganiswa khona namasosha avamile − kuyisici esibonakalayo senkumbulo yempi ebuhlotsheni bakwamanye amazwe. I-LDP isebenzisa izivakashi zokuqinisekisa ukuthi iJapane kufanele ihloniphe bonke abafile empini, kuhlanganise nalabo ababoshelwe ekuqulweni kweTokyo. ICDP, i-JCP, neKomeito ziphikisa ukuhanjelwa kwezikhulu, ziphikisa omakhelwane base-Asia futhi ziphikisa ukudabuka kweJapane. I-China ne-South Korea njalo isebenzisa izivakashi ezinjalo ukuze ilahle iJapane njengengaphenduki, icindezela ukubambisana okungathathiwe.

UNdunankulu uShinzo Abe wavakashela ithempeli ngo - 2013, wabangela inkinga enkulu yezokuxhumana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abanye ondunankulu be-LDP (u-Siga, uKisida) baye bakugwema ukuvakasha komuntu siqu, nakuba bethumele iminikelo yemicikilisho.

Ukududuza Abesifazane Nezisebenzi Eziphoqelelwayo

“Isimiso sokududuza” sokulwa ubugqila bobulili phakathi nempi, kuhlala kuyimpikiswano ephikisanayo. AmaConservative, ikakhulukazi kuyi-LDP ne-Ishin, aphikisa ngokuthi lendaba yayiyindaba “ngokungaguquguquki” emiswe isivumelwano esivamile sika-1965 ne-South Korea noma, kamuva, isivumelwano sonyaka ka-2015. Bathi ukucwaninga okungokomlando akuzisekeli iziphakamiso eziqondile. ICDP ne-JCP yamukela ukuvumelana okukhulu okungokomlando ukuthi impi ihileleke kakhulu, futhi babiza isivumelwano sokubuyisana nokubuyisela. I-JCPP ngokukhethekile ukuze kudluliswe umthetho waseJapane.

Lokhu kuhlukana kuthinta ubuhlobo baseJapane neNingizimu Korea, lapho lendaba isalokhu iyisikhalo esiyinhloko. Ukuma kwe-LDP ukuphinde ithathela phambili lendaba kuphehla i-Korea idinga ubuqotho, kuyilapho izikhundla zeCDP zinikeza enye indlela uma zike zathola amandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abavoti baseJapane abafaka ukubambisana okulondekile ne-U.S. ne-South Korea bangase bathembele emaqenjini athembisa ukusingatha amanxeba amadala kunokuba bavule amanxeba amadala.

Izincwadi Zomlando

Ukuhlola incwadi kahulumeni kungenye indawo lapho inkumbulo yempi iguqulela khona ekumisweni. I-LDP iye yacindezela ngokuphindaphindiwe izincwadi ezikhuthaza ukushisekela izwe futhi igwema “imibono” yomlando. Ngawo-2010, iziphathimandla ze-Aba zakhuthaza abamemezeli ukuba bahlanganise ukuma kukahulumeni eSilayu/Shenkaku Islands ukuphikisana nokululaza isimiso sokududuza abesifazane. ICDP ne JCP igxeka lokhu njengokuhlanekezelwa okungokomlando nokusekela izincwadi ezihlanganisa ubumbusi baseJapane, i-Nanjing Massacre, i-Uning Masting 731, kanye nezinye izenzo zobugebengu zempi. Incwadi impikiswano ihlela ngokuqondile indlela izizukulwane ezizayo ezibheka ngayo impi, yenza ukuba kube yindawo ende yokulwa ephakathi kwenkumbulo ephakathi.

Umthetho wezokuvikela kanye nolwelwe-US-Japane

Inkumbulo yempi ithonya indlela amaqembu akhuliswa ngayo iJapane. Ukulandisa kwe-LDP kokunqoba “umbuso wempi” kuholela ekusekeleni ukunqanda 1% GDP ekusebenziseni izindleko zokuzivikela, ukuthola izikhali ezicitshwayo ezihamba kade, nokwakha i-aused ehlangeneyo ne-acrobist. Lemithetho ifanelekela njengokusabela eNyakatho Korea naseChina, kodwa futhi ihlangene nesifiso sokubuyisela ukuma kweJapane ngosizo lwayo [1] umsindo ocashikile wokushisekela ubuzwe bangaphambi kwempi. I-JCPP ne-CDP iphikisana ngokuthi i-offsensicle i-iaaaase-gent nengozi yokuthuthela i-Japan ezimpini, isebenzisa inkumbulo ka-1941 ukuze ixwayise ukuviswa kwe-Ginjini.

IKomeito idlala indima elungisayo, isekela ukunwebeka kokunwebeka kuyilapho igcizelela ukulunga okusobala kanye nokuphatha i-organ. Ishin ithambekele ekumelaneni ne-LDP kodwa ayiphili. Umphumela uwukuvumelana kwenqubo yokulondeka engokomthetho yaseJapane eyisihluku kakhulu eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kodwa isalawulwa ukuphikiswa okunamandla okubangelwa amabutho agxile enkumbulo yempi yokulwa.

Ubuhlobo NeChina NeNingizimu Korea

Akukho sici sobudlelwane bomhlaba wonke esixutshwe kakhulu nenkumbulo yempi kunemiphakathi yeJapane nomakhelwane bayo baseMpumalanga Asia. I-LDP ngaphansi kwe-Abe kanye nabaholi abalandelayo baye bazama indlela ehlukene: ukulondoloza ukuncintisana kwezomnotho nokuphepha ngenkathi ibhebhethekisa ukugxekwa komlando. I-CDP ne-JCP isekela ukubuyisana okujulile okusekelwe ekuxoliseni okungafihlekiyo nokuziphindisela. Ukuphumelela kwezokuxhumana kwaseJapane kuxhomeke ngokwengxenye ekutheni yiliphi iqembu elibusa (hCDP engavamile) eliye lahlasela i-arhediodio engokomlando, kuyilapho i-LDP eglillate i-oclistate phakathi kwe-Orgmate nezenzo zobuzwezwezwe.

Ukuqashelwa kwezohwebo nokulondeka kuvame ukuphikisana nomlando. Ukuphikisana kwezohwebo neNingizimu Korea ngomthetho wokuthumela amazwe kwamanye amazwe ngokwengxenye kwabangelwa izikhalo ezingokomlando. Ukuqonda amapulatifomu kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani abaholi baseJapane ngezinye izikhathi bekhetha ukumelana nezindaba zomlando ezihambisana nezindaba zezombangazwe ezihlobene nempi kungadlula inzuzo yezinhlangano zezombusazwe.

Ushintsho Lwesizukulwane Nezinkulumo Ezishintshayo

Inkumbulo yempi yaseJapane ayimi ndawonye. Njengoba isizukulwane sempi sidlula, abavoti abasebasha abakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nezenzakalo. Nokho, basathonywa imfundo, imithombo yezindaba, nenkulumo yezombangazwe. Ukuhlolwa kwemininingwane kusikisela ukuthi amaJapane amasha awanesithakazelo ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomlando zokuxolisa, kodwa futhi asekela kakhulu i-SDF kanye nokubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo (ngokuyingxenye eyodwa) ngenxa yokuthi abheka umthetho-sisekelo njengomthetho-mfashini wangaphandle. ICDP ne-JCP izama ukulondoloza inkanuko yokuxolisa phakathi kwentsha. Okwamanje, i-LDP no-Ishin bafaka isifiso sokuzidla kobuzwe ngaphandle kwecala.

Lolushintsho lwesizukulwane lunganciphisa kancane kancane ukuvalwa kwenkumbulo yempi emaqenjini. Nokho, umlando usalokhu ugcinwe ezimisweni zezindawo zezindawo `imithetho-sisekelo, izincwadi, ukuhambela izindawo zokukhulekela], ngakho kungeke kunyamalale ngokushesha. Imikhosi izodinga ukuvumelanisa ukulandisa kwayo nenkumbulo yangemva yeJapane lapho impi ingasasebenzi kodwa ifundiswe inkumbulo. Kakade, abanye abaqondisi be-LDP abaphikisayo baphikisana ngokugxila ezinsongweni zesikhathi esizayo kunokuba bafake izikhalo zakudala. I-CDP izama ukuvuselela ukubuyisa umoya njengesibonakaliso esihle sembulunga yonke.

Isiphetho

Inkumbulo yempi yaseJapane ehlangene ayilona ithala lesikhathi esidlule, kodwa icebo eliphilayo eliphikisayo elichaza izintambo zempi zesimiso sayo. I-LDP ilawula phakathi kokuzisulu nobuzwe, i-CDP isekela ukungazifuni, i-CDP ifaka izimiso zokuthula zobuBuddha, i-JCP ifaka imingcele yokwenqaba kwabantu, futhi i-Ishin iphatha inkumbulo yempi njengengaphansi kwamandla esizwe. Le mibiko ithonya ngokuqondile ukubukezwa kwemithetho engokomthetho, isimiso sobukhazinyundeli, imfundo yomlando, kanye nezinxulumano neChina ne-South Korea. Impi eqhubekayo emayelana nendlela ekhumbula ngayo impi yayo, ibambene ngomlando wayo, izama ukulwa luhlobo lwesizwe olufuna ukuba: umakhelwane, ukuqaphana, ukuqaphana.

Njengoba inkathi yangemva kwempi iphela, inkumbulo yempi ingashintsha, kodwa ngeke iphele. Noma ubani ofuna ukuqonda izombangazwe zasekhaya zaseJapane noma indima yalo ekuzinzeni kwaseMpumalanga Asia kumelwe alwe nalezi zindaba eziyisisekelo. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sabaholi baseJapane sizoqhubeka sikhetha ukuthi yiziphi izinkumbulo okumelwe zihlonishwe, okumelwe zicinywe, futhi okuzokwenziwa kabusha − futhi ukukhetha kwabo kuyonandisela kude kakhulu kunesakhiwo sikaDet.