Izinhlelo zemidlalo yentsha nezokuzilibazisa ziyisisekelo sokukhula kwezingane ezinempilo. Zifundisa ukusebenza ndawonye, ukuyala, nokuzimela kuyilapho zikhuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba okulwisana nokukhuluphala kwezingane futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhluzeka kwengqondo. Nokho ukuba khona, izinga, nokuhlanganiswa kwale zinhlelo akunqunywa ngengozi. Izimiso zendawo − ukuhlelwa kwezimali ezinikezwa imithetho yokuphepha − zenza isisekelo esinika amandla noma sivimbele ukuhlanganyela. Ukuqonda indlela lezimiso ezisebenza ngayo kusiza imiphakathi ukuba ibone amagebe, isekela loshintsho, futhi yakhe izimiso lapho wonke umuntu osemusha enethuba lokudlala.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezibucayi ezingokwesimiso nezimiso zendawo ezithinta ngazo imidlalo yentsha, imingcele ezingayibangela zingahlosile, namasu abenzi bezimiso abangawasebenzisa ukuze baqinise amathuba azo zonke izingane okuzijabulisa.

Indlela Inhlonipho Ethonya Ngayo Amathuba Emidlalo Entsha

Uhulumeni nohulumeni bendawo banegunya eliphawulekayo emidlalweni yentsha ngokuhlela izinhlelo zemali, ukuhlela indawo, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yesikole somphakathi, nokuqondisa uhlelo lomphakathi. Lezi zinqumo zinquma ukuthi yimiphi imidlalo enikezwayo, ubani okwazi ukuyithenga, nokuthi iqhutshwa ngokuphepha kangakanani. Uma izimiso zisekela ngokuqhubekayo ukuzilibazisa kwentsha, umphumela ngokuvamile uba iqoqo elikhulu lezinhlangano eziminyene, izindawo ezifinyelelekayo, kanye nabaqeqeshiwe. Uma zinganikezwanga, imidlalo ehlukene iyavela ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Yokuthuthela Ezindaweni Ezithile Nokuhlela Imali

Imali yomphakathi iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwezemidlalo zentsha. Imisebenzi kahulumeni ehlanganisa ukuzilibazisa kwentsha njengendlela yokusebenzisa imali edingekayo ngonyaka ingalondoloza amapaki, ukwakha imidlalo, futhi ifake imali yokuhlanganyela emikhayeni ehola imali ephansi. Izindawo ezitshala imali emikhakheni yemidlalo esekelwe esikoleni ziqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi, kungakhathaliseki iholo lemikhaya, bayakwazi ukuncintisana nemidlalo yokuzijabulisa.

Ngeshwa, ukuxhasa ngemali kwezemidlalo zentsha ngokuvamile kungokokuqala ukunqanyulwa phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho. Ngokwe- i-Aspen Institute’s Project Play, kungane eyodwa kwezine emikhayeni engenisa imali encane engayitholi ihlanganyela njalo kwezemidlalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye yezingane ezisuka emakhaya anezimo ezingcono. Leligebe lihlangene ngokuqondile nezinqumo zenkambiso. Iqoqo elithekelisa izimali ze-ass [[FLT] Coond] yezomswood [[FLT] noma elidlulisa izilinganiso zezivumelwano ezinikezelwe izakhiwo zemidlalo ehambayo libona amazinga aphakeme kakhulu nokudlalwa kweminikelo ehlukahlukene.

Izwe lingabuye lithonye imali enikezwa ngezinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izifunda zinikeza amadamu ezokuzijabulisa alingana nezindawo ezintsha noma imishini. Lezi zisusa zikhuthaza omasipala ukuba bafake imali emidlalweni yentsha ngisho nalapho imali yendawo iqinile. Ngaphandle kwezimiso ezinjalo, imiphakathi empofu ivame ukuhlala ingenamali, iqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokungenzi lutho nethuba elingalingani.

Ukukwazi Ukubhekana Nokunakekelwa

Izindawo ezilawula ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo, ukuhlawuliswa kwezindawo zesikole, nokunakekelwa kwepaki kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuthi izingane zidlala kanjani nokuthi zidlalaphi. Imiphakathi eminingi ithembele emasimini esikole somphakathi nasezindaweni zokuvivinya umzimba ukuze ikwazi ukuzilibazisa ngemva kwamahora. Uma amabhodi esikole ekhokha imali ephezulu yokuqasha noma evimbela ukusetshenziswa komphakathi ngenxa yezimo ezibangela izinkinga, izinhlangano zentsha zilahlekelwa izindawo zokuzivivinya ezingabizi.

Izimiso zendawo kanye nokuhlela zibalulekile. Izindawo ezikhetha izindawo eziluhlaza ezixubile noma ezifuna intuthuko entsha yezindlu ukuze zihlanganise izakhiwo ezisemdlalweni wokuzijabulisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo ezimisa intuthuko yezentengiselwano ngaphandle kokutshala imali emapaki zishiya imikhaya inezindlela ezimbalwa eziphephile. Izinhlangano ezimisa izivumelwano ezihlangene phakathi kwezifunda zesikole nezindawo zamapaki zingandisa impahla esezingenileyo futhi zinciphise izindleko zemikhaya.

Izindinganiso Zokuphepha Nokukhokha Imali

Amanxeba emidlalo yentsha, izenzakalo zokuxhashazwa kwezingane, kanye nezenzakalo ezihlobene nokushisa ziye zashukumisela amazwe amaningi ukuba athathe imithetho yokuphepha. Izikhulu ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwesizinda sabaqeqeshi, ukuqeqeshwa kokugunyaza ukumiswa kwemvume, nezinhlelo zokugunyaza ukugunyaza ukubhaliswa komthetho kudala indawo ephephile kubantwana. I-Universal Alliance for Youth Sports inikeza imithombo yemithombo kanye neziqinisekiso eziye zamazwe amaningi ahlanganisa izakhiwo zawo zezokuzilibazisa.

Izimiso zendawo zingamisa futhi indinganiso yokuphepha kwemishini, ukuveza imishini, nokuhlela ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye omasipala badinga ukuba wonke amagceke omphakathi ahlolwe ngezingozi ngaphambi kwenkathi ngayinye.

Izithiyo Ezibangelwa Amagebe Omthetho

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala zemidlalo yentsha, izimiso eziningi zikahulumeni nezindawo zidala izithiyo ezingahlosiwe. Lezizithiyo ngokuvamile zithinta amaqembu ahluzekile ngokungenakulinganiswa futhi zivimbela izingane ukuba zithole izinzuzo eziningi ezingokomzimba, ezingokwenhlalo, nezingokomzwelo ezinikezwa ezemidlalo.

Izithiyo Zezimali

Intela yokukhokhela isikole iye yanda kakhulu njengoba izikole neminyango yokuzilibazisa izama ukukhokhela izindleko. Emiphakathini eminingi, imikhaya kumelwe ikhokhe amakhulu noma ngisho izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngenkathi yonyaka ukuze ibhaliswe ngeqembu, iyunifomu, izindleko zokuhamba, nezindleko zokungena emiqhudelwaneni. Ngaphandle kwemithetho ekhokha lemali noma inikeza imali elinganiselwe, imikhaya ehliswa imali ephansi idla imali ephelele.

Izimiso zesilinganiso sikahulumeni zingasiza ngokufuna ukuba imali yesikole somphakathi yokuhlela ibaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa umthetho owenqabela izikole ukuba zikhokhele izindleko zokungenela imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole. Ezinye zinikeza izikhokhelo ezigunyazwe uhulumeni zabafundi abahlawulwayo abafuna ukujoyina amaqembu ezemidlalo. Izindawo zingabambisana nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi ukuze zibhalise izindleko zezinhlelo, kodwa la makhambi awanele ngaphandle kokusekela okuguquguquka kwezimiso.

Izindawo zokuthutha ezifihlekile zingenye izindleko ezifihlekile: Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imidlalo ingase iqhelelene, futhi izindlela zokuthutha umphakathi zilinganiselwe.

Ukuvumelana Nemingcele Nezigwebo

Izinhlelo eziningi zemidlalo yentsha ziphoqelela ukuba zigcinwe ngokuqiniswa kwezimfuneko eziqinile zokuhlala, zivimbela izingane ezifunda esikoleni ngaphandle kwesifunda noma ezihlala ezindaweni eziseduze kodwa ezingafakwanga. Lemithetho ingaphazamisa imiphakathi yemidlalo engokwemvelo futhi ivimbele izingane ekujoyineni amaqembu nabangane bazo basesikoleni. Nakuba izimiso zokuhlala ngokuvamile zihloselwe ukulinganisela ukuncintisana ngengcebo, zingabahlukanisa nezingane ezimweni zezindlu ezingahlelekile, kuhlanganise nalezo ezinakekela izingane noma ezikhungweni zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya.

Izinguquko zamuva zezimiso kwezinye izindawo manje zivumela izingane ezinakekelwayo ukuba zihlanganyele emidlalweni esikoleni ezifunda kuso, zisuse umgoqo omkhulu. Abameleli bayaqhubeka bephoqelela ukuba ingane ikwazi ukukwazi ukubhekana nezimo eziqinile ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi akukho mntwana oncishwa indawo eqenjini ngenxa yokuthi balala lapho ebusuku.

Ukuntuleka Kwezinketho Ezizivumelanisa Nezimo Nezinsalela Eziningi

Izingane ezikhubazekile zibhekene nemigoqo emikhulu kakhulu yokuhlanganyela emidlalweni yentsha. Izinhlelo eziningi azinazo imishini elungisayo, izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, noma izakhiwo ezitholakalayo. Izimiso zendawo ezigunyaza ukuba kufakwe izinhlelo zokuzilibazisa zokwenza ngokuvumelana noMthetho we-Da (ADA) owenziwe ngemishini ekhethekile ukuze kuvinjelwe leligebe.

Inhlangano ihambisa i-United abameleli bezinhlelo zezemidlalo ezisekelwe emphakathini futhi isebenza nohulumeni bendawo ukuze yandise iminikelo. Ezinye izifunda ziye zamisa imithetho efuna ukuba izifunda zasepaki zinikeze okungenani uhlelo olulodwa lwemidlalo oluhlanganisayo ngenkathi yonyaka. Lemiyalelo ithumela isigijimi esicacile sokuthi imidlalo yentsha iyiyo yonke ingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inamandla.

Indima Yokuba Nenhle Emklamweni Wezomthetho

Ukungathathi-hlangothi akusona nje isikhalo semidlalo yentsha; kuwumphumela ongenakulinganiswa. Izikhulu eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukwahlukana ziholela ekuhlanganyeleni okuphakeme futhi ehlukene kakhulu, imiphakathi eqinile. Izilinganiso ezintathu ezibucayi zokulingana emidlalweni yentsha zihlanganisa ubulili, isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho, kanye nohlanga.

Ukuphelela

Isihloko seSichibiyelo semfundo sango 1972 samisa indinganiso yesizwe yezibalo zezemfundo zesikole, kodwa ukugcinwa kwazo ezingeni lendawo akulingani. Izifunda zesikole eziningi zisazama ukunikeza abafana namantombazane amathuba alinganayo, izakhiwo, nezimali zemali. UHulumeni nezimiso zendawo ezidlula izimfuneko zikahulumeni zokwenza izibalo zaminyaka yonke noma ukusungula ubulili obulinganayo kumakomiti ezokulwa kwesikole futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amantombazane anelungelo elifanayo lokuncintisana nabafana.

I- yabesifazane inikeza isiqondiso ekwakheni izimiso ezilinganayo, kuhlanganise nokutusa ukukwazi ukuqeqesha, ukuprakthiza, nokusakaza. Izinhlangano ezamukela lezi ziluleko zibika amazinga aphakeme okuhlanganyela kwabesifazane kanye nokukhushulelwa kwabadlali besifazane esikoleni esiphakeme nangalé.

Ukuhlukahluka Kwezenhlalo Nohlanga

Kujule kakhulu ukuhlukana kwemidlalo yentsha ehlanganyela ekusebenzelaneni nezenhlalo nezomnotho nobuhlanga kuyaqhubeka ezweni lonke. Izingane ezivela emikhayeni ezihola imali engaphansi kuka-R350 000 ngonyaka azinamathuba amancane kakhulu okudlala imidlalo ehleliwe kunaleyo evela emikhayeni engenisa imali eningi. Intsha emnyama neyase-Spanic ivame ukubhekana neminye imigoqo ehlelekile, kuhlanganise nokungatholakali kwezindawo eziphephile ngaphandle kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zezinhlangano ezincintisanayo.

Imithetho elungisa lezi zici ezihlukene kumelwe ihlanganiswe nezikhokhi ezikhokhelwayo, i-ocesters ezisekelwe emphakathini ezisezindaweni eziqashiwe, nemizamo yokukhangisa ehloselwe ukuqinisekisa imikhaya ukuba yazi ngezinhlelo ezikhona. Amanye amadolobha aye adale "izindawo zokubhala ngokusemthethweni" ukuthi amazinga okuhlanganyela ebalazwe amelene nokwaziswa okukhona, ukuvumela iminyango yokuzilibazisa ukuba iqondise imithombo yemali ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu. Uma abenzi bezimiso besebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze bashayele izinqumo, bangavala izikhala eziye zaqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.

Ukukhubazeka

Ngaphandle kweminikelo yezemidlalo evumelanayo, ukufakwa kwangempela kudinga ukuba izinqubo zibhekane nesimo sengqondo, ukuqeqeshwa, nokukwazi ukufinyelela ngokomzimba. Izisebenzi eziningi zokuzilibazisa azikuqeqeshi ukuqeqesha izingane ezikhubazekile ngokomzimba noma ekuthuthukeni. Izimiso zoMbuso ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhubazekayo kubo bonke abaqeqeshi abasebenza ezimisweni zomphakathi zingakuthuthukisa kakhulu okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantwana abakhubazekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezixhasa ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo − njengezindlela zesihlalo sabakhubazekile, izikhala ezinabangane, kanye nemishini yokudlala evumelanayo,(ivivinyweni ukuthi abantwana abakhubazekile bangahlanganyela nontanga yabo noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ukwanda kwezinhlelo ezihlangene zemidlalo, ezihlanganisa abadlali neqembu elifanayo futhi ezingagogeki, kubonisa amandla okuklama ngokuphanga.

Izimiso Ezituswayo Ezimisweni Yentsha Enamandla

Ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yemidlalo yentsha kudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngamabomu ezingeni likahulumeni eziningi. Lokhu kutusa okulandelayo kusekelwe emikhubeni emihle kakhulu evela emazweni nasemadolobheni aphumelelayo futhi kuklanyelwe ukusiza abahleli bezimiso, abaholi bomphakathi nabasekeli bomphakathi ukuba babangele ushintsho oluhlala njalo.

Ukwandisa Ukutshala Umphakathi

Izimali ezisekelwayo ziyisisekelo sanoma isiphi isimiso semidlalo yentsha esiphumelelayo. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni kufanele zicabangele imigede yemali enikezelwe ngenxa yokuzijabulisa kwentsha, njengengxenye encane yentela kahulumeni yokuthengisa noma izimali zokubheja. Ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa izindleko ze-paki ezithelela intuthuko entsha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sihambisana nokukhula kwenani labantu.

Izibonelo ezivela emiphakathini eyenza lesisibopho zihlanganisa izifundazwe ezinjengeCalifornia ezabela izinhlelo zemali ezinkulu ngemva kwesikole nezokuzilibazisa ngeProsing 68, isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-paki. Uma ukutshala isamba semali kungaguquki futhi kulindelekile, izinhlelo zentsha zezemidlalo zingahlela isikhathi eside kunokusebenza unyaka wonke.

Ukusebenzisa Imithetho Yokulondeka Evamile

Izingane zonke zifanelwe indawo ephephile yokudlala. Izwe kufanele libeke imingcele elinganiselwe yokuphepha kuzo zonke izinhlelo zemidlalo yentsha ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokuhlola isizinda sabo bonke abaqeqeshi namavolontiya, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqashelwa kwezingane, nokuhlelwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Ohulumeni bendawo bangaqhubekela phambili ngokufuna ukuba yonke imikhakha kanye nemidlalo kuhlolwe minyaka yonke futhi kudluliswe imithetho emisa iziqondiso zokuphepha ekushiseni ngenkathi yezulu elibi kakhulu.

Lezi zimiso azigcini nje ngokuvikela izingane kodwa zinciphisa nezikweletu kumasipala futhi zenza izinhlelo zikhange ngokwengeziwe kubaqeqeshi bokuzithandela nasemikhayeni.

Dala uhlelo lokufinyelela olulinganayo

Ukuze kuncishiswe imigoqo, izifunda zemidlalo yantsha ekhokhelwa umphakathi zingagunyaza ukuba noma yisiphi isikole esikhokhelwayo esikhokhelwayo sikhokhelwe ukushelela noma ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokukhululekile emikhayeni engaphansi kweholo elithile. Izindawo kufanele zihambisane nezikole nezinhlangano zezezenhlalakahle ukuze zibone imikhaya efanelekayo futhi zisuse ukungezwani. Izindawo zokufaka izicelo kufanele zihlanganise nezindleko zemishini kanye nezithuthi lapho kudingeka khona.

Amanye amadolobha aye asebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo "izindawo zokuthumela zonke" izinhlelo eziqinisekisa indawo yazo zonke izingane ezifuna ukudlala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinamandla okukhokha. Lezi zinyathelo ngokuvamile ziba ikhomba lokuzidla komphakathi futhi zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlanganyela kwazo zonke izimo ezigciniwe.

Imikhumbi Yomphakathi Eyizisebenzi Ezikanye Nezemfuyo

Inhlangano eyodwa ingasekela imidlalo yentsha iyodwa. i-policies kufanele ikhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kwezikole, izigodi, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi, kanye namaqeshana ezemidlalo angasho lutho. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase lidlulise isinqumo ekwakheni umkhandlu wentsha wezemidlalo ohlanganisa ababambisi beminyango ukuze bahlanganyele izimali, bahlele izimiso, futhi baphawule amagebe emikhakheni yezinhlelo.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingaletha futhi ubuchwepheshe nokuxhasa okungakholwa uhulumeni kuphela. i-Aspen Institute’s Project Place inikeza uhlelo lokubambisana komphakathi oluye lwathathwa emadolobheni amaningi ezweni lonke. Lemiphakathi iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ziphelelisana kunokuba zincintisane, inezela ithonya lamali ngayinye echithwayo.

Isiphetho

Izinhlelo zemidlalo yentsha nezokuzilibazisa azizona ezobunewunewu. Ziyizimpahla zomphakathi ezibalulekile ezisiza empilweni engcono, ehlobene kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezimiso zombuso nezomphakathi ezisekela imali ephambili, ukuphepha, ukulingana, nokuhlanganyela, izingane eziningi zishiywa ngasemaceleni. Abenzi bomthetho akumelwe bathathe amasu futhi bakhe izimiso eziqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingane zinethuba lokudlala, ukuncintisana, nokukhula.

Abameleli bangafeza indima eyinhloko ngokuba khona emihlanganweni yomkhandlu wedolobha, bafaka ubufakazi ezindlebeni zikahulumeni, futhi basekele abafuna ukumiswa kwezinhlelo zobusha eziza kuqala. Uma imiphakathi ifuna izimiso ezibeka izingane kuqala, zonke izinzuzo zomphakathi. Indlela idinga isibopho esiqinile, kodwa umvuzo − isizukulwane sentsha esinempilo, esiqinile, futhi esihlangene kakhulu () iwufanele umzamo.