Ubuciko bomphakathi bunendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ukuma komphakathi nasekuthuthukiseni impucuko yendawo. Kusukela emidwebweni etshela umlando womakhelwane ukuba imifanekiso evimbela amahange ezindawo zomphakathi, lemisebenzi ingaphezulu kakhulu kunemihlobiso − iyizimpawu zezindinganiso zomphakathi, izimpi, kanye nezifiso. Nokho, ukuthuthukisa nokulondolozwa kobuciko bomphakathi kuthonywa kakhulu yizimiso zombuso nezimiso zendawo. Lemiyalo ingathuthukisa izinkulumo zobuciko zobuciko ezinamandla noma ibangele izithiyo ezivimbela ukubophamba umphakathi. Ukuqonda leli khono kudingekile kubenzi bezimiso, abadwebi, nezakhamuzi ezifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuciko bomphakathi buhlala buyithuluzi elinamandla lokwakha, elihlangene nemiphakathi.

Ukuchaza Ukuthi Uyini Umphakathi Nendima Yobuciko Bomphakathi

Ukwazi umphakathi kungumuzwa ohlanganyelwe wobunye nokwehlukile ovela emlandweni weqembu, isiko, nendawo ezungezile. Ubuciko bomphakathi busiza kule mininingwane ngokwenza izenzakalo namanani angabonakali. I-mecarial ebekwe endaweni ebanzi ingaguqula udonga olungenalutho lube uphawu lokuziqhenya komphakathi, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwesikhashana kungabangela izingxoxo ngezindaba zendawo. Uma imithetho isekela ubuciko bomphakathi, isiza ekulondolozeni nasekuthuthukiseni lezi zindaba. Ngokuhlukile, uma imithetho ingaqapheleki noma iphikisa, ikhono lobuciko lokuqinisa ukubonakala komphakathi liyancipha.

Ubuciko bomphakathi bukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalo ngokudala izindawo zokuhlangana nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo. Amapaki, izindawo ezisezindaweni ezikude, nezindawo zokuhamba ezibonisa ubuciko ziba izindawo lapho abantu bezizinda ezihlukene besebenzelana khona. Lo muzwa wendawo awuyi ngengozi, kodwa ngokuvamile ubangelwa yizinqumo zamabomu eziphambili ekubekeni izimali zobuciko. Izinhlangano eziqonda lokhu kuhlonyiselwana zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukusekela imithetho esekela impucuko yazo.

Ukubukeka Kwesimiso: Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokuthonya

Uhulumeni nezindawo bathonya ubuciko bomphakathi ngezindlela eziningi zokusebenza. Abanamandla kakhulu yizabelo zezimali, izakhiwo nezimiso zendawo, kanye nezinqubo zezikhulu ezilawula ukuvunyelwa nokuvunyelwa. Izindawo ngayinye ingasheshisa noma iqhubeke imisebenzi yobuciko, futhi imiphumela yayo idlulele emphakathini amashumi amaningi eminyaka.

Ukuxhasa Nezimpahla

Ukusekela okungokwezimali kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezobuciko bomphakathi. Amadolobha amaningi anikezela uhlelo lobuciko bomphakathi, ngokuvamile oluxhunyiwe emikhankasweni emikhulu. Izinhlelo ezinjengo “kuthuthukela ebucikweni” iziyalezo zidinga abakhi abazondla izindleko zokwakha inxenye yezindleko zomphakathi. Izimiso ezinjalo ziye zasetshenziswa ngamakhulu omasipala eUnited States, kuhlanganise iPhiladelphia [, [[FLT]], [[FLT]] iqoqo lemali [[FLT], futhi uFranciscompas [[FLT] [[FLT]] [ult:5]]. Uma izimali zihleli imisebenzi ephakeme, futhi imiphakathi kwezindawo ezintsha.

Ngokwesibonelo, i- National Endowment for the Arts inikeza imvume efanayo yalelo cebo lendawo elingu-R34. I-United States ezimisele ukuvumelana nayo inikeza imvume yokubona amazinga aphakeme okukhiqizwa kobuciko bomphakathi. Kodwa ukucindezela kwezombangazwe kungasongela lezinhlelo. Ngakho ukusekela ukuxhaswa okuqhubekayo kwemali kuyinto ekhathalelwe kakhulu kunoma ubani ocebekwe kwezobuciko zomphakathi.

Ukuzingela Nendawo Kuyasetshenziswa

Imithetho yokuzihlela inquma ukuthi yini engenziwa lapho, futhi ivame ukuhlanganisa amalungiselelo obuciko bomphakathi. Amanye amadolobha aye akha “izindawo ezibukhali” ezivumela izigcawu ezinkulu noma imifanekiso emidala kwezinye izindawo. Eminye inezimfuneko zokupaka ezingaphansi noma ezincishisiwe zentuthuko ehlanganisa ubuciko bomphakathi. Lezi zihlonze zingakhuthaza abathuthukisi bomuntu ukuba bafake ubuciko emisebenzini yabo. Kwesinye isandla, izimpawu eziqinile, imingcele yobude, neziqondiso zesifunda ezingokomlando zingalinganisela lapho izakhiwo zingabekwa khona futhi ziboniswe kanjani. Isilinganiso esingaphezu kwemingcele yobukhulu sinciphekelelwe, ngisho noma sinesisekelo somphakathi. Ngokufanayo, ukufakwa kwemishini yesikhashana kungadinga izivumelwano ezibiza isikhathi esikhethekile ukuze kutholakale.

Ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa futhi ukwenziwa kwezindawo ukuze bathuthukise ukuqongelela kwezobuciko bomphakathi. Ngokufuna ubuciko ezindaweni ezigciniwe, izimiso zingalwa nokuthambekela kobuciko bomphakathi ukuba buhlangane ezindaweni ezicebile. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amadolobha aye athatha amathuluzi “okungalinganiyo” ukuze aphawule izindawo ezingenazo ubuciko zomphakathi futhi abese esekela imali ephambili. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinyathelo zobuciko, amabutho entengo avame ukuholela ekuthengeni imali yobuciko kuphela lapho izakhiwo seziphakeme khona kakade.

Inqubo Yokuvunyelwa

Indlela yokuqondisa esukela embonweni ukuya ekufakeni ingaba yesabekayo. Imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko yomphakathi idinga ukuvunyelwa okukhulu (kusukela ekuhleleni iziteshi, imikhandlu yobuciko, imikhandlu yedolobha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukubopha izakhiwo zomphakathi. Ukungasheshi kungenza abadwebi bashiye imisebenzi noma balahlekelwe amandla. Ukungasheshi, izinqubo ezihambayo zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganyela. Amanye amadolobha aseke izikhungo eziyekele imvume eyodwa zobuciko bomphakathi, ukunciphisa inani lezitebhisi nesikhathi esidingekayo. Abanye baye badala ubuciko bomphakathi obuhlanganisa izingcweti, izakhamuzi, nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuze babukeze iziphakamiso ngokushesha.

Ukubonakala kahle enqubweni yemvume nakho futhi kuyindaba. Uma imithetho ingacacile noma isetshenziswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo, abadwebi bangase bazithuthele noma bagweme imiphakathi ethile. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukunyathelisa iziqondiso kuyi-intanethi, ukunikeza izinqumo zangaphambi kohlelo, nokumisa izikhombo eziqinile zesikhathi. Imiphakathi eye yamukela le misebenzi ibika amazinga aphezulu emisebenzi yobuciko ephumelelayo yomphakathi nokwaneliseka okukhulu phakathi kwabadwebi nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukusebenza Kwenqubo

Ukuhlola indlela amadolobha aye asebenzisa ngayo lezi zindawo zemithetho kwembula ukuthi ithonya elisobala lokukhetha imithetho engokomthetho liyini.

IPortland, e-Oregon: Isimiso esine-Mural ephakathi

IPortland ivame ukukhonjwa njengesibonelo senkambiso yobuciko bomphakathi. I-Regional Arts & Cultural Council yedolobha inikeza uhlelo lomphakathi lobuciko oluhlanganisa ukunikezela ngemali esetshenziswayo yemidwebo eseduze. Okubalulekile, izinhlelo zePortland zihlela ukuhileleka komphakathi: iziphakamiso ze-mical commotion: iziphakamiso kumele zibonise ukusekela kwezamabhizinisi lendawo, izakhamuzi, nabaphathi bempahla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuciko bubonisa ukuthi indawo injani, hhayi nje umbono wengcweti yangaphandle. Umphumela uwubukhazikhazikhazi bomphakathi odumisa isizinda sezwe lasePortland, kusukela emizini yayo ezindaweni ezikude. Indlela yePortland ihlanganisa nezimali, i-mmoral processss processsss proced processs processssssssssss proviortial provial areal areal.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle: Izifunda zobuciko ne-Cultural Council – Uhlelo lobuciko bomphakathi

IPhiladelphia: Ingxenye Yesimiso Sobuciko

I-Pecent’s Philadelphia for Arts Laved, eyamiswa ngo-1959, idinga ukuba okungenani iphesenti elilodwa lemali yokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yokwakha ehlotshiswe edolobheni yabelwe ubuciko bomphakathi. Lenkambiso ikhiqize enye yeziqoqo ezinkulu nezihlukene kakhulu zobuciko bomphakathi ezweni. iFiladelphia] IHhovisi lobuciko, i-Cal Ecomyy [[FLLL:1] iphatha uhlelo, oluxhase imisebenzi yemifanekiso efana ne-“Izithombe” kanye nezindawo ezibanzi zendawo. Uhlelo luvumele i-Philadelphia ubuciko be-Filadelphia, ukusuka eziteshini zesitimela ukuya ezikhungweni zokuzimini zokuzinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso sihlanganisa imfuneko yomphakathi phakathi nokukhetha phakathi nenqubo yobuciko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi bendawo.

Umxhumanisi wangaphandle: Filadelphia Pesenti yezinhlelo zobuciko

Izinselele: Imikhuba Evimbelayo Kwezinye Izindawo

Akuwona wonke amadolobha aye athatha izimiso ezisekelayo. Kwezinye izifunda, imithetho eqinile nezindlela zokuvumela inciphe ubuciko bomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Houston, Texas, ukungabikho kwemithetho esemthethweni ye-overtics kuye kwadala uhlelo lwemithetho ehlukene engadidanisa abadwebi. Nakuba iHouston inendawo eqinile engokomlando, imisebenzi eminingi iye yapendwa ngenxa yokuntula isivikelo esingokomthetho. Ngokufanayo, emadolobheni amancane anemigomo elinganiselwe, ukuntuleka kwezinhlelo zobuciko zomphakathi ezinikezelwe kuxhomeke emalini yangasese, engashintshashintsha.

Ukulinganisela Ukudweba Nezindinganiso Zomphakathi

Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu senqubo yobuciko bomphakathi ukulinganisela inkululeko yokudweba nezindinganiso zomphakathi. Ubuciko bomcimbi bungabangela impikiswano, kodwa futhi bungahlukanisa izakhamuzi.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Siyacatshangelwa

Ubuciko bomphakathi empahleni kahulumeni buvame ukubhekwa njengohlobo lwenkulumo evikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ohulumeni abanakukhetha ngokusekelwe embonweni, okusho ukuthi abanakukwazi ukuvuma ubuciko obuvumelana nesikhundla esithandwayo futhi benqabe ubuciko obuyinselele. Lesi simiso siye sasekelwa ezicabeni zenkantolo ezihilela imidwebo nezithombe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho idolobha lenqaba ubuciko obuhlongozwayo ngenxa yomyalezo walo wezombangazwe, izinkantolo zangenela. Ngakho, izimiso zendawo kumelwe ziqaphele ukubeka imibandela engathathi hlangothi, ukuphepha, nemfanelo ephakeme edinga ukuvikela, ukumelana nokwahlulela umyalezo ngokwawo.

Imithetho esekelwe ekuqukethe vs. Okuqukethwe-Neutral

Izinkantolo zihlukanisa phakathi kwemingcele esekelwe ku-oye-oye-okanye imilayezo eqondile efihlekile ekhonjwe yi-octive-neuttic (esetshenziswa noma imuphi umyalezo). Imithetho yokulinganisela ubukhulu noma ukufakwa kobuciko ngokuvamile iqukethe okungahlangene-nobubanzi futhi kulula ukuvikela ngokomthetho. Nokho, izimiso ezifuna ukuvunyelwa kwangaphambi kwendaba yobuciko ziyasolwa. Ukugwema izinselele ezingokomthetho, amadolobha amaningi athathe “ukugxilisa iziqondiso zokubona kunemiphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso singadinga ukuba abaqondisi bemidali basebenzise upende oqinile futhi bagcinwe minyaka yonke, kodwa hhayi ngenkambiso evezayo. Imithetho enjalo ivumela imiphakathi ukuba ilondoloze izinga ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkululeko.

Ithonya Lezezomnotho Nezenhlalo Labefundisi Abasekelayo

Izimiso eziklanywe kahle zenza okungaphezu nje kokwenza ubuciko bomphakathi bukwazi ukuzuzisa imiphakathi. Kokubili inzuzo yezomnotho nezenhlalo ingakuthethelela ukutshala imali.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho

Ubuciko bomphakathi bukhanga ezokuvakasha, bunyuse izimoto, futhi bungaphakamisa inzuzo yempahla. Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlangano ezinjenge-Melika ze-Arts kubonisa ukuthi ubuciko bomphakathi buneqhaza ezomnotho. Imali yomphakathi ngayinye echithwa embonini womphakathi, ngokuvamile iyanda kakhulu njengoba izivakashi zichitha imali emabhizinisini aseduze. Emadolobheni anezinhlelo eziqinile zobuciko zomphakathi, “ukuchuma kwezomnotho” kuyavela, ukudweba abathengisi nezisebenzi ezinekhono ezizazisa imikhosi yamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuciko bomphakathi bunganciphisa ubugebengu ezindaweni ezinganakwangalelwa ngokuphawula ukuthi umakhelwane unakekelwa ngezinye izikhathi“ inkolelo ewohlolwayo yamafasitela”.

Umxhumanisi wangaphandle: waseMelika we-arts – Umthelela wobungcweti bomphakathi ku-Economictality

Ukubambisana Nomphakathi Nokuqhosha Okuphakathi

Ngaphandle kwezomnotho, ubuciko bomphakathi buthuthukisa ukubambisana kwezenhlalo ngokwenza izimpawu ezihlukene. Udwebo oludwetshwe amalungu omphakathi lungaba umthombo wokuziqhenya okuhlangene, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisedubeni ezikwekweqisi. Uma izinhlelo zihlanganisa amalungiselelo okuhlanganyela komphakathi. Ngokufana nezindawo zokubhala, ukuvota, noma indalo ebambisanayo, ubuciko obuhambisanayo bungathandeka futhi buvikeleke. Ubuciko bomphakathi busebenza njengendawo yesikhulu sokulandisa, ukunikeza izwi emaqenjini angazange achazwe.

Ukuqapha Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Emiphakathini

Izindawo ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ubuciko bazo bomphakathi, inqubo yokuqonda iyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuqamba izikhali okuphumelelayo kudinga ukwakha imifelandawonye, ukunikeza ukwaziswa, nokuhlanganyela nezikhulu zendawo.

Ababambi Bomjaho

Izindlela zobuciko zomphakathi eziphumelelayo azivamile ukubangelwa ukugunyazwa okuphezulu. Kunalokho, zivela ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwabadwebi, izakhamuzi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi, namalungu kahulumeni. Izinhlangano kufanele zakhe amabhodi okuhlobisa ahlanganisa amaphimbo ahlukene awezwi. Imihlangano yomphakathi yasikhathi sonke nokuhlolwa kungasiza ekuhloleni ukuthi izakhamuzi zezobuciko zifuna luphi uhlobo. Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi banale nqubo, basengozini kakhulu yokusekela ukuxhaswa nokuvikelwa kwemali nokuvikelwa kwekhono ekucekisheni noma ekususweni.

Ukutuswa Kwemithetho

  • Ukuthatha ipesenti lomthetho wobuciko [ ukuqinisekisa umfula oqinile osekela imali oboshelwe ezakhiweni zomphakathi.
  • Lungisa inqubo evumelayo [ ngeqophelo elilodwa lokuxhumana nezimiso zokuzithoba kulayini.
  • [[UMTL:0] faka i-metric ye-intery edinga ingxenye yobuciko bomphakathi ukuba ibekwe ezindaweni ezigciniwe.
  • Isikhwama sokunakekela [ ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemisebenzi ekhona.
  • Isho isivikelo esingokomthetho semidwebo nezithombe, kuhlanganise “amalungelo okuziphatha” avimbela ushintsho olungekho ngokomthetho.
  • [ ukuhlanganisa okuyimfihlo kwengxenye eyimfihlo ngebhonasi ezisindayo noma izikweleti zentela ezihlanganisa ubuciko ezinjukwini ezintsha.

Lokhu kutusa kungavumelana nezindawo zendawo. Amadolobha amancane angaqala ngenqubo ehambisana nemibhoshongo yemvume, kuyilapho amadolobha amakhulu kungase kudingeke umthetho ogcwele. Isihluthulelo siwukuqala ngombono ocacile womphakathi bese kuhlelwa imithetho ewusekelayo.

Isiphetho

Izwe nezimiso zendawo zihlela ubuciko bomphakathi obuchaza umphakathi wethu. Kusukela ekuxhaseni imali nasekwakheni isakhiwo kuya ekuvumeleni nokufakwa kokwaziswa, zonke izinqumo zinemiphumela yalokho okwenziwayo, lapho kuhamba khona, futhi zisebenza khona. Izimiso zokusekela zingakhipha igagasi lokusungula eliqinisa ukuma komphakathi, lithuthukise amandla ezomnotho, futhi lakhe izinhlangano zezenhlalo. Izimiso zokuvimbela noma zokunganaki, zingavimba ukuveza nokushiya izikhala zomphakathi zingenalutho futhi zihlukanisiwe nabantu abazisebenzisayo. Ngokuqonda lamandla, imiphakathi ingasekela imithetho yomphakathi eyokusiza ukuba iqhubeke ithuthukisa indawo yayo engokwenhlalo kanye nezibophophono ezibambisayo.