IRaje Sabba, indlu ephezulu yePhalamende laseNdiya, iphethe indawo ekhethekile yomthetho-sisekelo ekwakheni izakhiwo zesizwe. Ngokungafani neLok Sabha, enamalungu akhethwe ngokuqondile futhi ahlanganiswe nomjikelezo wokhetho lwesizwe, iRajeya Sabhaha yakhiwa abameleli abakhethwe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nenani elincane lamalungu aneziqu zobungcweti emasimini anjengezincwadi, isayensi, ubuciko, nenkonzo yezenhlalo. Lesi sakhiwo siveza ngokuqondile iRajiya Sabbaha isilinganiso sesikhathi eside sokhetho nobuntu obude, okwenza ukuba ithinteke kakhulu lapho ikhuluma ngezinkinga zesifunda sezwe, ukukhuphuka kwezindawo eziwukuguga nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. Imisebenzi yegumbi, ikomiti yezemisebenzi, ikomiti yezobuciko, nezokuhlola ngokuqondile ukuthi ithinta izinhlangano zempilo zezigidi zezempilo zamazwe aphakeme kanye nezokulwayo ngokuncitshiswa ngokulawula okungokomthetho kwezemthetho, ithonya le Nhlangano yokuguga, iyaqhubeka ngokuthonya ithonya ithonya ithonya lezakhamuzi zezakhamuzi zezakhamuzi zezakhamuzi.

Indaba Engokwezibalo: Isizathu Sokuba Indima YeRaje Sabha Ithinte Indaba KaRajiya

INdiya ibhekene nokushintsha kwenani labantu ngokwesilinganiso esingokomlando. Ngokwe- United Nations Population Prospects 2022, isilinganiso samaNdiya aneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu kuhloselwe ukunyuka ukusuka ku-10% ngo-2021 kuya ku-20250. Le nguqulo iguqulela cishe ku-350-zigidi zezakhamuzi ezikhulile eziphakathi nenkathi ephakathi. Le nguquko iletha imfuno enzima yezimiso zokhuseleko eziqinile zezenhlalo, izakhiwo zempilo ezibekelwe inzuzo, izindlu ezikwaziyo, nezingalo ezingokomthetho ezivikela isithunzi ne-Endrounia. I-Rajiya Yaha, njengendlu ebukeza umthetho ngesikhathi eside futhi emelela isilinganiso sobubanzi, inezingamele izibalo ezingcono ezithinta amalungu ayo amade. I-Rhab ivame ukunikeza ukuqondisa izinhlelo zeminyaka eyisithupha, futhi ivumela ukuqondisa isimiso se-Lohab.

Ukumelelwa Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezifunda

Inani lasebekhulile baseNdiya alikho i-homogenous. Izwe njenge-Kerala ne-Tamil Nadu linamanani aphakeme kakhulu ezakhamuzi esezikhulile, kuyilapho izifunda ezinjenge-Bihar ne-Uttar Pradesh zinezinsumpa ezisezincane kakhulu. Izwe ngalinye lithumela inani lamalungu alinganayo kubantu bazo abahlala phakathi. Izibalo ezibonisa ukuthi amazwi ezindawo ezihlala abantu asebekhulile ngokushesha zizwakala ezimisweni zesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu ase-Keralam ziye aphakamisa njalo izindaba ezihlobene nezokunakekelwa kwasebe abadala kanye nempesheni, kuyilapho amalungu ezindawo ezisezintsha aye aqokomisa ukwabiwa kwazo. Lolu hlobo lwesizwe lusiza izinhlelo ze-Rajinyahabhabs ezizwelayo ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zezindawo zesizwe, kunokuba ziveze i-efafa yohlobo olulodwa lwesizwe.

Umtapo Wemithetho: Indlela IRaje Sabha Ebumba Ngayo Umthetho Ogugile

Indima ye-Raje Sabra ayiyona nje imikhosi. Njengoba indlu ephezulu, ihlola, ilungisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqala izindleko ngokuphathelene nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi ezikhulile. Nakuba izindleko zemali zingasuka kuyi-Lok Sabbaha kuphela, iRajiya Sabha inamandla okuzindela noma isikisele ukumiswa komunye umthetho, futhi ukuvumelana kwayo kuyadingeka ekulungiseni noma yimuphi umthetho.

Ukulondoloza Nenhlalakahle Yabazali Nezakhamuzi Ezikhulile, 2007

Mhlawumbe umthetho ophawuleka kakhulu kulendawo i-Seant and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007. I-Rajeya Sabba yafeza indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni lo mthetho phakathi nokudlula kwawo. UMthetho unikeza isibopho esingokomthetho sokuba izingane noma izihlobo zilondoloze abazali asebekhulile, futhi umisa izinkantolo zokulungisa izikhalo ngokushesha ezihlobene nokulungisa nokuvikela. Phakathi nengxoxo yeRajiya Sabba, amalungu aphoqelela izivumelwano eziqinile zokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwabadala, izincazelo ezicacile ‘ zokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yobudala, kanye nezindlela zokufeza izintambo ezisezingeni lotshani. Ukuhumusha kokugcina loMthetho woMthetho. Okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokumiswa kwezindlu zakudala kanye nezindawo zokuvikela amalungelo empahla yayo, ukunyakaza kwe-Sya.

I - accounting, 2024

Muva nje, iRajiya Sabba ibihlola izinguquko zomthetho ka-2007. Izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zihlanganisa ukwandisa incazelo ‘ yezingane zokuzala nezingane zokutholwa, ukwandisa isijeziso sokulahlwa, nokwenza izakhamuzi ezikhulile zishintshe impahla uma izidingo eziyisisekelo zingahlangatshezwa. Ikomiti kaRajiya Sabba eSimelweni se-Social Justice neSigunya, ngokuvamile enikeza ubufakazi obuningi futhi obucela uchwepheshe, iye yaba yithuluzi ekulungiseni lezi zinguquko. Imibiko yekomiti, itafula elifakwe ku-Rajya Sab, inikeza ingcebo yobufakazi obusekelwe ngokuqondile endleleni kahulumeni.

Indima YamaKomiti EPhalamende

Ngaphandle kwezingxoxo zasesitezi, ithonya likaRaje Sabha enkambisweni yasebekhulile lisebenza ngesimiso sayo sekomiti. Ikomiti yeSimemo yeSimiso soMalungano noMnyango weNtlalo, iKomiti yeHealth neSomfort Welfare, neKomiti yezezimali zonke zihlola izindaba ezihlobene nokuguga njalo. La makomiti abiza izikhulu ngemisebenzi enjengeNkonzo yeSishaya-mthetho neSigunya, iNkonzo Yobulungu ne-Mandla, ne-Mini yezezimali ukuze zichaze ukufezwa kwezimiso, izimali, izindleko, nemiphumela yezezimali. Imibiko ewumphumela ngokuvamile iningi kakhulu futhi ingezona zingxoxo zaphansi, zizenza amathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa inqubo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala: Umthetho Wesizwe Wasebekhulile

Ngo-1999, i-Indiya yamukela i-National Policy for Elder Persons (NPOP), eyayihloselwe ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle nokulondeka kwasebekhulile. Nokho, ukumiswa kwezinhlelo kwehluleka. Emikhankasweni eminingi yekomiti yeRajiya Sabra emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, amalungu aqokomisa amagebe ekususweni kwepesenti yempesheni, ukuntuleka kwendlela yokunakekela impilo emaphandleni asemaphandleni, nokunganakekelwa okunganele kwezinhlangano. Lemibiko yakhuthaza uhulumeni ukuba uqalise i-Integrated Programme for Elder Peral Personas (IPOP) ngo-2010, izimali eziyizikhungo zomsebenzi wezokunakekela izimoto, imishini ehambayo, nezikhungo zasebe-madlali ezindaweni zokwelapha asebe. I-omfandayo i-otay Sabha yayingumqondisi bale hlelo lenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ithonya Ezimisweni Zenhlalakahle Yomphakathi

Ithonya likaRaje Sabra lidlulela ngalé kokusetshenziswa kwemithetho nemibiko yekomiti usuku nosuku lokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Ngehora lokubuza, ihora, nokuthatha isinyathelo esikhethekile, amalungu aphakamisa izikhalo ezithile njalo − njengokulibala ukukhokha impesheni, ukuntuleka kokuthola izinzuzo ze-Ayushman Bharat kwabagugile, noma ukukhomba okunganele kwe-Pradan Manda Vandana Yjana (PMVVY). Lokhu kungenela kubangela ukunaka nokuphoqelelwa ukuba kuphendule ngemininingwane yezezindaba, izincazelo, noma izinyathelo zokulungisa.

Udwebo Lwepentshisi

I-National Pension System (NPS) ne-Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAP) zombili ziye zahlolwa kuyi-Rajiya Sabba. Amalungu aye abiza imali yempesheni yanyanga zonke (manje engu-6200-500, kuye ngokuthi axhumanise ukunyuka kwamandla emali, futhi andise ukuhlanganisa izisebenzi eziningi zengxenye yesikhashana. Ngo-2022, ngokulandela imibuzo eqhubekayo kuyi-Rajiya Sabbaha, uhulumeni umemezele impesheni ephambili ngaphansi kwe-PMS Maan Dhangiya, enikeza impesheni yanyanga zonke yabalimi abancane nabancane abathatha umhlalaphansi ngemva komhlalaphansi. Nakuba lenqubo ibonise indlela u-Rajiyabhaha engcono engokwenhlayo engokwenhla kwezenhlalo umphakathi.

Ukutholakala Kwendlela Yokunakekela Impilo

Ukukhathazeka kwezempilo kuyisihloko esiphindaphindwayo kuRajeya Sabhaha izimpikiswano eziphathelene nokuguga. U-Ayushman Bharat Pradhat Manri Jan Arogya Yoyaya (PM-JAY) unikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwempilo kuya ku-765 lakh ngonyaka ngenxa yokunakekela okukamuva nokuhamba kancane. Nokho, asebekhulile babhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele: badinga ukunakekelwa kwezimo ezingamahlala njalo, badinga ukulandelwa isikhathi eside izikhawu, futhi cishe baxoshwe ekukhokheleni umkhaya uma behlala bodwa. I-Rajya Sabbaha izimpikiswano eziqondene, eziholela ekuthuthweni kwe-Ayushmanman Mandadirm nokwanda kwemisebenzi ye-Heath. Ngaphezu kwalokho, [Flman] [AnFFrash]

Izimpikiswano Ngokuxhashazwa Kwabadala Nokuzihlukanisa Komphakathi

Enye yeminikelo engabonakali kodwa ebaluleke ngokufanayo yeRajiya Sabha ibilokhu iqaphelisa ukuxhashazwa kwabadala nokuhlukaniswa emphakathini. Inhlangano yezempilo yezwe lonke ilinganisela ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwayisithupha okhulile uphathwa kabi emhlabeni wonke. ENdiya, izinkulumo ezivimbele ukunqanda izisulu ukuba zikhululeke ukuxhashazwa, futhi ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa kuhlala kubuthakathaka. [[FLT:] amalungu ezwe e-World Healthy Commony [[FLT] ahlela izimpikiswano ezikhethekile ngendaba, ukuveza izibalo zesizwe ze-Crimes Bureaues nezifundo ze-Njogs. Lezi ziholele ekulungiseni iziqondiso zezezeluleko zabadala ekutholeni usizo oluqondile lwezizwe, manje, usizo oluphuthumayo lwezinkulungwane zezinyanga ezinjalo. [FLT:][3][5][5]

Izinselele Zokusetshenziswa Kwama - dollar

Naphezu kwendima esebenzayo kaRaje Sabba, izinselele eziningi ziyaphikelela. Okokuqala, igebe elidlulayo lilokhu likhona phakathi komthetho neqiniso eliyikho. UMakhathi noMnyango Wezimo Zabazali noMsebenzi Wesizwe, ngokwesibonelo, kudinga isifunda ngasinye ukuba sibe nenkantolo nesikhulu sokulungisa. Izifunda eziningi azikabi nalezi zakhi. Ikomiti iRajaya Sabha isho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lento ikhona, kodwa imibuso isho ukuthi ikhona (*) imibuso isho njalo ukuthi ayinamali noma ayinawo umsebenzi wokuphatha. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT] [FOLT:3] ngenxa yenhlala engcono. Inkonzo yezenhlalakahle ye-Masaldernstmetic and Moocence inciced yesilinganiso esincane senani lemali esetshenziswayo. Isekeli ye-Syha engcono engcono kakhulu.

Ukuvumelana Kwezizukulwane

Enye inselele iRajiya Sabba eqale ukuyixazulula ukulingana okungahambelani phakathi kwenani. Njengoba inani labantu abadala likhula, kunengozi yokuthi imithombo yemfundo nemisebenzi yobusha ingakhanyiswa. IRajiya Sabba, enombono omude nobubanzi obubanzi, ingokwemvelo ye-forum yokuphikisana ngalokhu kuhweba. Ngo-2023, inkulumo ekhethekile eRajiya Sabhaha ngelungu elivela eMadhyya Pradesh iqokomisa isidingo se-miningi [[FLT: 0] u-National Policy ye-Internationalive Disarity . Nakuba kungekho nqubo enjalo esaqala, ingxoxo iqalwe, futhi i-Syyabha engxenye yenkulumo esayinwayo.

Umbono Oqhathaniswayo: Ukufunda Kwezinye Izindlu Eziphezulu

IRajiya Sabba ayiyodwa egxile ekugugeni. Izindlu eziphakeme kwezinye izimiso zikahulumeni − njengeSigebengu sase-U., i-Bundesrat, neSigele sase-Australia (iSigele) zisebenzelana futhi nezimiso zasebekhulile. Nokho, umongo weNdiya uyingqayizivele ngenxa yesilinganiso sobumpofu phakathi kwasebekhulile, ukuntuleka kokhuseleko lwezenhlala-khona, kanye nokushesha kokuguga kwabantu abahlala ndawonye. IRajiya Sabba uye wamema ochwepheshe abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba bazwele ikomiti yayo, kodwa ulwazi oluminyene lungaqinisa ithonya ngokwengeziwe. [[FLT:] Ukucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle yembulunga yonke [FLT] [FLD:] [FLD] [FLD1]

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Uma ubheka phambili, iRajiya Sabba ingadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, [[FLT: 0] ubuchwepheshe nokufakwa kwezibalo : Asebekhulile ngokuvamile bakhishwa kakhulu ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni. Amalungu azise izikweleti zelungu kanye nezinqumo ezifuna izikhungo zemfundo yezibalo futhi zenze kube lula ukuhlanganisa i-evernance. I-Rajiya Sabbaha ingasunduzela izimali ezinikezelwe ukufakwa kwamanani kwasebe abadala. [okwesibili,[FLT:] ubude besikhathi sokunakekela kwelungu [[FLT] ]: iNdiya inezindlu ezimbalwa kakhulu zokunakekela nokusiza asebe nabasizayondlayo ezidingayo. I-Syzabhahabi ye-Geneamstions (iiiinjini ye-Genethiwe-Fod producences) ezilungiselelwe i-empempempey, i-entukelelwa izigwebo zezempi yasebe, i-Fod .[Fodf.[

Izincwadi Zamalungu Angasese Nethonya Lazo

Nakuba imithetho eminingi isungulwa uhulumeni, izikweletu zamalungu angawodwa eRajiya Sabha ziye zamisa iqophelo lenguquko ebanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, isikweleti esasungulwa ngo-2019 safuna ukwenza kube isibopho ukuba zonke izibhedlela zibe nezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile. Nakuba izimali zingaba umthetho, ukusakazwa kwemali kwaholela uMnyango Wezempilo ukuba unikeze i-advisory ukunquma ekumiseni amagumbi okuhlala. Ngokufanayo, ilungu langasese lenze isinqumo sokunakekela izinqubo zokubopha izikwenziso zezikweletu zemali ezisungulweyo [201] kuvulwe ingxoxo yesizwe yengxoxo yezindawo zokuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle kokuxoxiswa kwempahla. I-Syabala i-Syzabbahabha ikhuluma ngale ngokomthetho.[inqulunts]

Isiphetho

Ithonya le-Raje Sabra enkambisweni yokuguga nezakhamuzi esezikhulile linemikhakha eminingi futhi liyindawo ephansi. Kusuka eMthethweni weSikhungo sokuHlanganisa nokuHlalana Kwabazali nokweziMasipala kuya ekuhloleni ngokuqhubekayo amaqhinga empesheni nezokunakekela impilo, indlu ephezulu isebenza njengesehlo esibucayi nethonya lemibono. Isimiso sayo sekomiti sinikeza ukujula, izimpikiswano zayo zinikeza ukubonakala, futhi amalungu ayo asuka ezindaweni ezihlukene, "asezingeni elizwakalayo). Nokho, ukuvivinywa kwangempela kwale miphumela kusekusebenzeni. I-Rajiya Sabba ingaqhubeka iqinisa indima yayo ngokufuna ukulandisa kokwaziswa okuthathelanayo, ngokuhlanganisa izimpikiswano ezinde, nangokuhlanganisa ukuhlangana kwazo, nangokuveza ukuhlangana kwazo, nangokuzibeka izikhulu ezizweni ezisebusweni ezivelele zesizwe ezisezweni ezisezweni ezinde kakhulu.