Umholi wezobuchwepheshe ufeza indima ewujuqu ekulolongeni ikhono lombuso lokusungula nokuthatha izitho zobuchwepheshe. Ohulumeni basebenza ekuxhumaneni kwegunya eliphetheyo, ithonya lomthetho, nokubonakala komphakathi, bebanika amandla ayingqayizivele okuhlela izinto, ukuxhasa izimali, nokusekela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba imithetho kahulumeni ihlela izilinganiso ezibanzi, izinqumo zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zinquma ukuthi imishini emisha eshesha kangakanani ebekwe ezinhlanganweni ezibucayi njengezempilo, imfundo, ezokwethuthwa, namandla. Ukuzinika imiphumela emisha ekwandeni ekwandeni kwe-United States — ukusuka eSilicon Valley ukuya ekwakhelini ukucwaninga okuvelayo eMidwestern ne-Southwest — ngokuvamile kungahlolwa emuva ekukhetheni okukhethekile okusemthethweni kwababusi. Ukuqonda izimiso ezisetshenziswa ababusi abaholayo noma ukuthuthukisa inqubo engoko yezentengiselwa phambili kweze yezentengiselwa, izakhamuzi zezentengiselwa nakwe yezentengiselwa ezomnotho, izikhulu zezentengiselwa phambili yezentengo yanamuhla.

Abaholi Bemithetho Bobuholi Bezithuthi

Abalawuli bayala izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi athonya ngokuqondile ijubane nokuqondisa ukuthathwa kobuchwepheshe. Lezi zixhakathi zihlanganisa izakhiwo zemali, iziyalezo eziphethe iziphathimandla, igunya lokuhlanganisa umphakathi nabaqondisi bemibhoshongo. Ngokusebenzisa lamathuluzi ngoku hlela, umbusi angadala indawo ekhangayo yokutshala imali, ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana, kanye nokuguqula izinkonzo zikahulumeni.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Esetshenziswayo Nokutshala Imali

Uhlelo lwezimali luphakathi kwezimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu umbusi angazithumela. Ngokuqondisa izimali emayunivesithi okucwaninga, ezobuchwepheshe, futhi basebenzise izinhlelo ze-R&D, ababusi bangatshala izakhiwo ezishayelwa isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi angase ahlongoze ukuxhasa izimali ezikhuliswayo ze-National Science Foundation izinhlangano ze-National ze-asethingligine noma ukuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi izinhlelo ezigxile ekusebenziseni ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kanye nokungaguquguquki kobuchwepheshe. Amandla okuhlasela imithombo yezimali eqophelweni eliphezulu — njengamandla ahlanzekile, awezenziwa kakhulu, noma impilo yeze-militiki — angamisa isimo sokuthatha iminikelo kahulumeni nenkondlo. Izikhulu ezisekela izinhlelo zazo zemithetho yemithetho eqinile ngenxa yokuzinziwa kakhulu kwe-R&Droparvevation, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi ephezulu.

Indawo Ezungezile Elawulayo Nokunqandelwa Kwemithetho

Amapulani angayilawula imishini angasheshisa noma acindezele ukuthathwa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe. Ohulumeni bangasebenzisa igunya labo elikhulu ekuvumeleni izakhiwo ezibanzi ezisemzimbeni, ukunciphisa izithiyo ze-telemedicine infingsure, noma bakhe indawo ezungezile ye-sandbox yokuveza ubuchwepheshe njengezimoto ezizimele kanye nokuthutha. Amazwe asebenzisa izimfuneko zezokusebenza kwe-technology-neuthal” — lapho imithetho efanayo isebenza khona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza ngaphansi kwemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe ebanzi — athambekele ekuboneni ukuqedwa ngokushesha kwemisebenzi emisha. Ngokuphambene, ababusi abavumela imithetho ephelelwe isikhathi ukuba iqhubeke intuthuko ingaqondani. Ngokwesibonelo, bathi izimfuneko zokusebenza kwanamuhla phakathi nobhadayo yenza ukuba kuvuleke ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kwetelethi, kuyilapho imithetho evimbelayo ibonekelele.

Ukuhleleka Kwezisebenzi Nemikhandlu Yokulungisa

Ababusi abaningi bamisa imikhandlu eqanjiwe yokuhlanganisa izinkampani futhi bahlanganyele nengxenye ezimele. Lezi zindikimba zingaveza amabalazwe asebenzayo kahulumeni we-atmetric, ukuhlanganyela ulwazi, nokuthola inzuzo yesimanje. Iziqondiso eziphetheyo zisetshenziselwa futhi ukugunyaza ukwamukela izinkonzo zamafu, ukuvula izindinganiso zemininingwane, noma ukuvala i-octrubiin ukuze kugcinwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi angakhipha umyalo ofuna ukuba zonke izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenzise i-AIA phakathi nonyaka owodwa, kanjalo zakhe isikhundla senhlangano sokutholwa kwabantwana abanomthwalo wemfanelo. Isiqondiso esiphezulu esiphezulu singanqoba i-boucaucracratic inertia ne-earbactal eshatedsssss ezihambelaneni zobuchwepheshe ezihlangene.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zokungenwa Kwezobuchwepheshe

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa indlela ukuhola kwe-gubernator okuguqula ngayo imiphumela ebonakalayo. Izifunda ezilandelayo zimelela izindlela eziningi, kusukela kumikhulu yobuchwepheshe kuya ezikhungweni ezivela ngokushesha.

ECalifornia: Ubuchwepheshe Besimo Sezulu Nohulumeni Wamanani

Ababusi baseCalifornia sekuyisikhathi eside besekela ubuchwepheshe bolwazi njengalokhu kungumshayeli wezezomnotho nethuluzi lomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi uGavin Newsom wakhipha uhlelo oluphetheyo lwe-generative AIA ngo-2023, eqondisa amanxusa ukuba ahlole izingozi nezinzuzo ngesikhathi ehlola i-AI e-oms. Ukuqondisa kwakhe kwandisa futhi i-odal'umbuso [Umbuso] uDaligaldal [ ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa izinkonzo zikahulumeni zanamuhla, kuhlanganise nesimiso sezesayensi yezesayensi yezezulu, i-partrase-ne-trade, izinhlelo ze-trade ezivuse-trated, nemishini kagesi i-UProvicerce-Progensssss.

IMassachusetts: Isayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo Nesayensi Yokuphila

Massachusetts anikeza isibonelo sendlela ukugxila okuqhubekayo engxenyeni eyodwa engaveza ngayo imiphumela yomhlaba. Kusukela ngo-2008 ngaphansi kukaMbusi uDeval Patrick, isifundazwe sasungula izinhlelo zesayensi yokuphila ezihlanganisa inhloko-mkhakha, izisusa zentela, nezinhlelo zezisebenzi. Ababusi abaphumeleleyo — kuhlanganise noCharlie Baker noMaura Paretey — baye baqhubeka futhi bandisa lemikhakhakha. Umphumela uyiqoqo elikhulu lamafemu e-biotech, izikhungo zezeko lezezokwelapha, futhi basungula umsebenzi wenhlokomkhakha eCambridge naseBoston. I-Muditerston i-mid . I-molorivey i-msmolorial engcono kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwemizampilo nemishini yezobuchwepheshe. Umlawuli we-Akharated

ITexas: Ukushintsha Amandla Nokwanda Okunwebeka

Ababusi baseTexas baye babheka umbuso njengomholi wokwandiswa kwamandla, kusukela ku-oyile namafutha kuya emoyeni kuya ku-sourse. UMbusi uGreg Abbott uye wagxila ekusebenziseni i-radis project kagesi ngemva kwesiphepho sasebusika sika-2021, befaka imali ebuchwephesheni obunobukhazikhazikhazi futhi basakaza imithombo yamandla. Ngobubanzi, iTexas yadala i-Broadband Development Office (BDO) ngo-2021, umsebenzi owenziwe ngokudweba i-mead izindawo ezingagcinwanga zikhoseleliziwe futhi izimali ezivela eInfracurecracracment Revementmentment Actalment nase-Act. Umbusi wasayina umthetho wokuvumela i-temfont ye-temforence, ukuthunyelwa kwe-5Greactive . I-offcial e-octives yezempiccul. I-ography.

Abaholi Abavundile: I - Utah, eNyakatho Carolina, eColorado

Ababusi base-Utah baye bagxila ekwakheni i- “Silicon Slopes” yempucuko ngokufaka imali ekholisweni yesayensi ye-computer, besekela i-Office of Economic Opporton ka-Utah, futhi benikeza izisusa ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe. Ababusi baseNyakatho Carolina baye bamisa i-Preant, noMbusi Roy Cooper ohola imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukutshala imali ezinkampanini njenge-Apple ne-Google ezindaweni zokwaziswa kanye nezindawo ze-R&D. Ababusi base-Coloradorado baye basekela ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, uhulumeni wezobuchwepheshe, nentuthuko yezemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi we-ehrentacial. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokuqondisa izinhlangano zezobuchwepheshe, i-gbacravial eqinile ingahlakulela ukusungulwa kwezimiso zezimiso zemvelo.

Ukwenziwa Kwabantwana Abangahambisani Nohlelo Lobuchwepheshe

Abaholi bavame ukuhlasela izingxenye ezithile lapho ubuchwepheshe bunganikeza khona inzuzo esheshayo yomphakathi. Izindawo ezilandelayo ziye zabona ithonya eliphawulekayo lobuholi bombuso.

Ubuchwepheshe Bezempilo

I-Telehealth, ukuthengiselana kolwazi lwezempilo (HIES), namathuluzi okuhlola axhomeke kakhulu ezimisweni zikahulumeni. Abalawuli abasekela ukunwebeka kweMedicaid kanye nokubambisana kwemiyalo bangandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-teledicine. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ababusi abaningi bakhipha iziyalo zokufaka izimfuneko zokuvimbela izitho zokuvimbela izitho zokubulala ngaphandle kwezindawo kanye nokukhuphuka kwenkokhela inzuzo yemali ekwandisweni. Izifunda-mazwe eziningi manje ziye zanikezela ngempilo i-ITY phakathi kwehhovisi likambusi, futhi ezinye ziye zasungula izinhlelo zokuqondisa i-AUIN-D, ukuphathwa kwempilo yabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe yezempilo ezindaweni zezwe kuxhapha kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala abantu basemaphandleni kakhulu emaphandleni.

Ukuthutha

Izimoto ezizimele (AVs), imoto kagesi (EV) elawula imishini, kanye nezimiso zokuhamba ezihlakaniphile zonke zidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo sombuso. Ohulumeni bangasungula amaphasishi e-AV okuhlola izakhiwo zezemisebenzi, izimali ze-EV, nokuhlanganisa izimpawu zezimoto ezihlakaniphile emigwaqweni emikhulu. Umbusi wase-Arizona wavumela ukuhlolwa okusakazekile kwezimoto ze-Waymo's arebourbacture, ukwakha indawo ezungezile ekhanga abathuthukisi bezobuchwepheshe. Ababusi baseMichigan baye basekela i-American Center ye-Mobilety, isikhungo sokuhlola izimoto ezihlangeneyo nezihambayo. Izikhulu zamazwe zamazwe futhi zabangela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, ukuhanjiswa kwangempela kwemininingwane, kanye nokuhamba kwe-awervices ezihamba ngebhayisekile, ibhayisekile, nezihamba ngemishini yomphakathi womphakathi womphakathi.

Imfundo

Ukusetshenziswa kwemfundo yobuchwepheshe e-K-12 kanye nemfundo ephakeme kuthonywe kakhulu yizimali ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Abalawuli abatshala izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezizodwa, imishini ephezulu ebekwe ezindaweni ezibanzi ezikoleni, nothisha abaqeqeshelwe i-minuc pedagogy banganciphisa isilinganiso se-minucro. Abanye ababusi baye basungula umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe bezemfundo yemfundo ephezulu ukuze bahlole amandla okuhlela izifundo ze-plutrupy, ukufundisa, nezindinganiso zemininingwane yemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe. Ukushintshela ekufundeni kude phakathi nezifo kwakushelela ezifundeni lapho ababusi ngaphambili benwebele i-mad trand nemishini yokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababusi bangasebenzisa amandla empakampaka yemfundo ukuze basekele imithombo yemfundo (OR), ukunciphisa izindleko zemfundo zemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe, nokwenza ukunciphisa ukufinyelela kolwazi lwezinombolo.

Izinselele Zobuholi Bezigebengu Ekuzilungiseni

Naphezu kwethonya elihle, ababusi babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu lapho bezama ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezombangazwe Nokwehlukana Kwezigaba

Isimiso sobuchwepheshe siye sashintsha kakhulu. Izindaba ezinjengokungafihli imininingwane, i-Al command, nokuqashelwa kobuso zingahlukana phakathi kwemigqa yabashokobezi, okwenza kube nzima ngababusi ukwakha ukuvumelana. Umbusi weqembu elilodwa angase abhekane nokunqatshelwa kwemithetho yezomthetho eqedwe isigaba esiphikisayo, ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni ohlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, imizamo yokudala imithetho yemininingwane yezomnini-data yeze-omzimbeka kahulumeni ngokuvamile iqeda ukungavumelani ngokudedelwa, ukugcinwa komthetho, ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abathengi abamelene namabhizinisi. I-Gubernatortator eziqondisi zobuchwepheshe ingabekelwa inseleleka futhi enkantolo noma i-teshiwe izikhulu ezilandelayo, kubangele ukungaqiniseki kwezinhlangano nabangenisi bezimali.

Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemali Nezinguquko Zezomnotho

Ukulungisa kudinga ukutshala imali ephambili, futhi ukuhlelwa kwemali yombuso kungachayeka ekuwohlokeni kwezomnotho. Phakathi nokwehla kwezomnotho, ababusi bangase baphoqelelwe ukuba banciphise ukuxhaswa kwemali ye-R&D, ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, nezinhlelo zokuqeqeshela izisebenzi. Ngisho nangezikhathi ezinhle, izinto ezihamba phambili — njengokunakekela impilo, imfundo, kanye nokuphepha komphakathi — kungaminyanisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Izifunda eziningi azinazo inhloko yezindawo ezinikezelwe ukwakha izinhlangano ezibanzi zemali ezisemfashinini. Ngakho - ke ababusi kumelwe basungule izimali zikahulumeni, izibophonoshela umphakathi, kanye nezibophophopho ezixhasa inzuzo yokuthuthukisa izimali ngaphandle kokuncintisa imali.

Amagebe Ezisebenzi Nokuncintisana Okunamandla

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kuphumelela kuphela uma isifundazwe sinezisebenzi ezinekhono lokusebenzisa nokuzinakekela. Abalawuli bavame ukulwa nokuhlela izinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqesha ngezidingo ezisheshayo zobuchwepheshe. Nakuba ezinye izifundazwe ziye zafaka ikhodididing kakhampasi, ubuchwepheshe be-inthaneti, ubudlelwane baseyunivesithi, ipatropi yethale ihlala ikhona ibhodlela elihlala likhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zemali ehhalelwa phansi noma izici ezikhanga kakhulu zokuphila zingalahlekelwa ikhono lokulungisa izinhlelo eziphezulu. Umholi we-Gubernator angasiza ekukhulumeni ngalezi zingcingo ezihloselwe izisebenzi ezikude, amathilobhusayithi okuthatha imali, nokutshala imali ezindaweni ezenza imiphakathi ikhange kakhulu ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe.

Amathuba Okuhola Okuthola Ikhambi Esikhathini Esizayo

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, ababusi banamathuba amasha okuhlela izomnotho zikahulumeni nezinkonzo zomphakathi.

Imikhumbi yomphakathi esebenzelanayo nezigodi ezivuselelayo

Abalawuli bangasungula izakhiwo ezihlanganisa indawo ebanzi — ukufakwa kwezindawo zamayunivesithi okucwaninga, ukuqala, kanye nama-accompan — ngokusekela izinguquko ezingokomthetho, izisusa zentela, nemishini yokuqinisa i-ankile. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Cambridge Innovation Center ne-Cortex yesifunda sase St. Louis.. Ohulumeni bangamisa futhi izimali zezwe noma izimoto ezingenisa imishini ezikhanga inhloko yezomthetho ezinkampani ezisesiteji. Ngokudala izinqumo ezikhokhwa ngokuqiniseka ngezimiso zokulungisa izakhiwo kanye nezivumelwano ezithathelwe isikhathi eside, ababusi banciphisa ingozi yokulungisa izimali ngasese futhi bakhuthaze ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe obulungisa izakhiwo ukuba budingesidingo, njengezimiso zokuphatha amanzi zezindawo zesomiso noma zokuhlola izakhiwo.

Ukubusa Kwemininingwane Nokulawula

Ukusebenzisa i-Al futhi ukuphambanisa okuthuthukile phakathi kukahulumeni wezwe kungathuthukisa yonke into kusukela ekuhlolweni ngokukhwabanisa emshuwalenseni wokungasebenzi kuya ekulungiseni imigwaqo namabhuloho. Abaqondisi abasekela ukuvulwa komtapo we-data, izivumelwano ezihlanganisa izinhlangano, futhi amabhodi ezimiso zokuqondisa izimiso ze-AI angakha ukwethemba umphakathi kuyilapho evula impumelelo. Izigaba eziningi ziye zamisa izikhulu ze-data noma izikhulu zezikhulu ze-Al eziphethe ehhovisi lombusi ukuba ziqondise lemizamo. Uhulumeni we-Al. Inyathelo lokuqala neziqondiso zezikhulu zamuva nje zikhuthaza ukuba zithuthukise i-Alhay facesssss, futhi ababusi abahamba ngokushesha bangakhanga izinhlelo zezezezezobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe zokuqondisa nokuxhasa imali.

Ukutshala Imali Neziyalezo

I-Infrastructural Investment and Jobs Act, i-CHIPS and Science Act, kanye noMthetho we-Infladition Reduction Act, uye wandisa amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa, amandla ahlanzekile, ukwakhiwa okuthuthukile, nezakhiwo zemishini. Ohulumeni bafeza indima eyinhloko ekunqumeni ukuthi lemali ihlelwe kanjani ezifundazweni zabo. Ngokumisa izinto ezicacile eziza kuqala, ukuvala izakhiwo, ukuvuma, kanye nokuthuthukisa amapulani, ababusi bangandisa ithonya lamadola kahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, abaphathi banomthwalo wokusungula amapulani abanzi ezwe anquma ukuthi imishini ye-fiberboc ihlelwe kanjani futhi ihlelwe kanjani. Ngokufanayo, baqondisa ukukhethwa kwezindawo ze-hydrogen, amabhateotator, izindawo zokwakha, nezobuchwepheshe bendawo ezingaguqula isayensi yendawo yendawo.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kokubona Izakhi Zomzimba

Ukuhola kwe-gubernator kulokhu kushintshashintsha kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yombuso kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Nakuba izici zokwakha ezifana namaqoqo emboni akhona kanye nekhono lokucwaninga laseyunivesithi zinikeza isisekelo, izinqumo ezingokomthetho ezenziwa ababusi — nezwi abamisa ngalo phezulu — zingandisa noma zilulaze lezonzuzo. Ababusi abaphumelelayo bahlanganisa ukubona okude ngesikhathi esifushane ngokusebenza, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwemali, imithetho, iziyalezo, namandla okulawula ukusungula imishini. Baqaphela futhi ukuthi ukusungula akuyona nje intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe; kuhlanganisa ukufinyelela, ukwethenjelwa emphakathini, nokuzinziwa komphakathi. Njengoba ukuhamba kwenguquko kwezobuchwepheshe kushesha, izimo zekhono eziphumelela kakhulu, nezindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokuhola, ziyo, ziyophumelela kakhulu, zifeza namashumi eminyaka amashumi eminyaka akhona.

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