Inkinga Ekhulayo Yokungcola Kokukhanya Emadolobheni Ase - UK

Ukungcola okukhanyayo kwasedolobheni kuye kwaba inselele echaza indawo ezungezile yekhulu lama-21 eUnited Kingdom. Ukuhlola kulinganisela ukuthi imithombo ejwayelekile engaphezulu kwama-UK manje ihlala ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esikhanya kakhulu kunamazinga angokwemvelo, enezindawo ezinkulu zedolobha njengeLondon, iBirmingham, iManchester, ne-glasgow ehlala njalo esusa izinkanyezi emehlweni. Imithombo ijwayele: izibani zasemgwaqweni, ukuphawula kwemidlalo, ukukhanyisa kwemidlalo, ukukhanyisa, kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlobisa zonke zineqhaza ukukhanya okuthatha amakhilomitha angaphezulu kwedolobha. Imiphumela eyanda ngokufanayo. Izinyoni ezihlala ebusuku ziphazamisa kakhulu abantu, ezihlobene nezingako, ukuhlangana nokuphakama kwezifo, ukuhlaselwa kwezifo, umdlavuza, ukuncintisana nomdlavuza ngokwezimo zezindawo ezihlala izakhamuzi zezindawo ezihlala impompompo, izihloko zezindawo ezitholakalayo ezihlala impopholile, izihloko zezindawo ezisekuyo eziwumbuso ezisezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezihlala kuzo zonke, izifunda ezise, izihloko zezindawo eziwumphakathi kanye

Inselele: Ukuqonda Ukungcola Kokukhanya Emadolobheni

Ukuze kuqondwe indima yabaphathi-mameya, kudingekile kuqala ukuqonda isimo sokukhanya kwasedolobheni ngokwako. Isenzakalo sihlanganisa izakhi eziningana ezihlukene. Skyglow sibhekisela ekukhanyeni okungathandeki kwesibhakabhaka sasebusuku ezindaweni ezinabantu, okubangelwa ukukhanya okuphumayo kusuka ezingeni elingaphandle futhi kususe izinhlayiyana zomoya. ukuphazanyiswa kokukhanya okwenzekayo lapho ukukhanya okungafunwayo kuchithela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, kuphazamisa ukulala nokungasese. [FLT:] [FLT] [FFLT:5] ukukhazimula okunga kakhulu okubangela ukudamba nokubonakala kokukhanya. Isilinganiso sangempela salokhu kubangela izindleko zangempela. I-UKCU isilinganiso esingu-ult disease. isilinganiso esingaphezulu sezigidi se-osentuke kakhulu sokukhanya esingu-ultic.

Izindawo zasemadolobheni ziwumthombo oyinhloko walokhu kungcoliswa, nokho zinikeza amathuba amakhulu kakhulu okulinganisela. Amadolobha aseDense angafinyelela ukuncishiswa okukhulu kokukhanya ngoshintsho olulinganiselwe lwezinqubo zokukhanyisa amasheya nohlelo lomphakathi, futhi izinzuzo eziqiniswayo zezempilo, inzuzo, imithombo yamandla, ilondolozo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kuleyo ndawo ethwala umthwalo wokukhanya. Lokhu kulinganisela kwezindleko nezinzuzo kwenza ukuba idolo libe yinqubo ephambili ephoqelelwe, futhi imeya imeya imeya imeya imendulo ephumelelayo yoshintsho.

Igunya Le - mayoral Nokubukeka Kwayo

Ama - mayres ase-United Kingdom asebenzisa ithonya elikhulu ezicini ezinquma amazinga okungcola kokukhanya emadolobheni awo. Ngaphansi koMthetho we-location Act 2011 kanye nezivumelwano zokususa ushintsho ezalandela, ahlangene abaphathi bezikhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu njenge-Greater Manchester, iNtshona Midlands, neLiverpool City Treace ithole amandla athuthukisiwe ezindaweni zokuhlala, ukuthutha, ukuhlela, nesimiso sendawo ezungezile. La mandla athinta ngokuqondile iziyalezo zokuhlela indawo yangaphandle. AmaMay amisa iziqondiso zendawo zokuhlela izakhiwo zomphakathi, ukuhlohlahlela izinqumo zemigwaqo nezakhiwo zikamasipala, nokuhlela ukuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuphumela ekungcoliseni kokukhanya eziphambaleni ezisekela ukusebenza kakhulu kanye nesimo sezulu.

Ababheki Bemithetho Eyinhloko Bakhona Kulabo Abafuna Ukuzilawula

Amathuluzi akhethekile asetshenziswa umphathi-maya ahlanganisa:

  • Isimiso sokulungisa: Abakhi bomjikelezo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amapulani asendaweni ahlanganisa izindinganiso zokukhanya ezinciphisa ukuchitheka kokukhanya, zidinga izilinganiso ezivikelekile, futhi zivimbela ukukhazimula kwentuthuko entsha. Izincwadi zokuhlela ngokuphindaphindeneyo zokukhanyisa zivame kakhulu emadolobheni ase-UK.
  • Amandla okulungisa: ngokuhlela izincazelo zezivumelwano zokukhanya komphakathi, amameya angagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla asebenzayo, ukususwa ngokuphelele kwe-LD luminaires ngekhono elifinyeleyo lokulungisa. Lokhu kusebenza ezibanini zasemgwaqweni, izibani zasepaki, kanye nezikhanyiso ezakhiweni zikamasipala.
  • [ Imithetho yokusebenza: Abaqondisi bangasekela ukwamukelwa nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokukhanya elinganisela amahora okusebenza ngezibani ezingekho ngokomthetho, ibeke amazinga okukhanya avunyelwe kakhulu, futhi idinga ukuvumelana nezindinganiso eziqaphelekayo njenge ` International Dark-Sky Association [ umthetho wokukhanyisa wesibonelelo wesimo.
  • Ukuqaphela amaPublic: Ihhovisi lemeya lisebenza njengendawo yemfundo nemfundo, ekwazi ukuguqula ukuqonda komphakathi nokuziphatha ngesilinganiso okunzima kwabanye abadlali bakahulumeni bendawo ukuba bafeze.
  • Ukubambisana okuphakathi komsebenzi: Abathathi-mdlandla bangahlanganyela emizini ehlangene yesizwe nezwe lonke ukuze bahlanganyele imikhuba emihle kakhulu, bathuthukise izindinganiso ezingaguquguquki, futhi basekele isiqondiso sesizwe esiqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-UK Dark Skies Network, inikeza izikhulu zendawo i-cuum ukuze zixhumanise imizamo.

Uma umphathi - dolobha esungula isimiso esinamandla sokuhlela kodwa ehluleka ukuphoqelela umphakathi noma izimali zokuqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza, imiphumela iyoke ilinganiselwe.

Izinyathelo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemithetho

Ukusetshenziswa okuwusizo kwegunya lemeya kusobala enanini elikhulayo lamadolobha ase-UK aye amukela imithetho engokomthetho yokukhanyisa noma ahlanganisa ukungcola kokukhanya ezimisweni zawo zendawo zokuhlela.

Imingcele Emayelana Nokukhanya Nesikhathi Esimisiwe

Amadolobha amaningi manje avala ukukhanya okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukukhishwa kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzisa izifunda-zwe, ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezidinga amazinga aphansi kunezindawo zezentengiselwano noma ezezimboni. Imingcele esekelwe esikhathini nayo futhi isabalele. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha amaningana ase-UK adinga ukuba izibani zezentengiselwano ezingakho ezingokomhlaba manje zinciphe i-okthali yezentengiselwano (ezifana ne-façade stade stage, izimpawu zezibalo, kanye nokubonisa amafasitela (ukube kusuka phakathi kwe-11 PM kanye nokuntswile ngaphandle kokuba kudingeka ukuphepha noma ukulondeka).

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinhlayiya Ezivikelekile

Ama-luminaille avikelwe ngokugcwele noma avikelwe ngokugcwele ayisisekelo somthetho wokukhanya osebenzayo. Lezi zimo zivimbela ukukhanya ukuba kukhishwe ngaphezu kwendiza eqonde ngqo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kuqondiswe phansi lapho kudingeka khona futhi hhayi ezindaweni eziseduze. Izimiso eziningi zokuhlela zendawo manje zidinga ukuhla okucacile kuzo zonke izibani ezintsha zangaphandle, futhi abanye omejala baye bandisa lemfuneko ukuze bavule ukukhanya komphakathi okukhona njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokubuyisela inhloko. Imiphumela iyasebenza: amadolobha aye amukela izindinganiso zokuvikela yonke indawo azibona ngokuvame ukuncipha kwesibhakabhaka phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bacabangele izinzuzo zokuncishiselwa kwamandla anciphile.

Izimiso Zokukhanya Ezizivumelanisa Nezihlakaniphile

Izimiso zokukhanya ezisebenza ngokuhambayo nezivumelanayo zimelela imingcele evelayo ekuqondiseni ukukhanya kwasemadolobheni. Esikhundleni sokulondoloza ukukhanya okugcwele phakathi nobusuku, lezi zimiso zifiphaza kakhulu lapho kungekho msebenzi obonwayo futhi zibuyela ekuphumeni okugcwele kuphela lapho izinzwa zifaka abantu abahamba ngezinyawo noma izimoto. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nge-40-60% kuyilapho kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya. Izindawo eziningi ze-UK ziye zasekela izinhlelo zezokushayela epaki, imigwaqo ehlala khona, namapaki ezimoto. Imininingwane yalezi zinqola izimoto ikhuthaza: izakhamuzi ezifundeni ezisebenza ngokushintshashintsha amazinga amazambane okungena emakhaya azo futhi zaneliseka kakhulu ngenkathi yazo yasebusuku, kuyilapho ubugebengu nokuphepha kwezimoto kuhlala kungashintshiwe noma kuthuthuke ngenxa yokucweza.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokuphikiswa

Umthetho ophumelelayo udinga ukugcinwa kwemithetho ephumelelayo, futhi lokhu kusenye yezici eziyinselele kakhulu zokulawula ukukhanya. Amadolobha ambalwa aye anikezela abahloli bokukhanya ukungcola, futhi izikhalazo zivame ukwehla phakathi kwezimiso zokuhlelwa kohlelo, impilo yendawo, nezinkonzo zamaphoyisa. Eminye imikhandlu iye yakhuluma ngalegebe ngokuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa ngokufaka ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kohlelo oluvamile noma ngokwenza izimiso zokubika ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zikwazi ukuvala izintambo ezisekwe emshinini. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa izindinganiso ezicacile nokuphothula: imfundo nokulalela ngokuzithandela kwezindaba ezincane, izixwayiso eziphindaphindiwe zezelelwe, nezinkokhiso ezithiwe njengendlela yokugcina. I-progatentiate yakha ukuthemba komphakathi futhi ilondoloze ukufaneleka kwezimiso zokulawula.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukuhola Kwe - mayoral Kuyasebenza

Ithonya lomholi wemeya libonakala ngokucacile emadolobheni lapho abaphathi bedolobha abakhethiwe beye banciphisa khona ukungcola okubonakalayo.

ILondon: Isithuthwane Esimnyama

Ngaphansi kobuholi beMayor yaseLondon, inhloko - dolobha iye yathatha indlela ebanzi yokufaka ukukhanya ekungcoleni nge- u-Dark Skies Initiatiatiative[, eqala ukubambisana neRoyal Astronomical Society, ama-borate, nezinhlangano zendawo ezungezile. Inyathelo lokuthuthukisa ukukhanya okuphansi okungangeni edolobheni ngemikhankatho yomphakathi ngemikhankaso yomphakathi, isiqondiso sabathuthukisi, kanye nesibopho sokubukeza indlela yomgwaqo. Umphumela oyinhloko uye waba ukudalwa "kwenyuka kwesibhakabhaka" ngase-Thamess" nasepaki elikhulu njenge-Hyhee, iHampreath, ne-Royal Park, lapho amazinga ekwazi ukukhomba kahle ukuvikela i-indawo yomphakathi. I-Galparce isekela khona futhi i-Greach nge-mist (injini ye-Dase-Dase.) ekho kubonise i-injini ye-injini ye-Grouptton ngezindawo ezingu-20 yezilwane ezivu

IManchester Enkulu: Isibhakabhaka Esimnyama

I-Manchester Ehlangene neGunya Elikhulu, ngaphansi kweMayar of Great Manchester, iye yahlanganisa ukuncishiswa kokukhanya kokukhanya ekuncipheni kwesimiso sokuzinzisa ngokulandelana kwayo i-Dark Sky Framework [[FLL:1]]. Lesi sici simisa izinhlelo eziqinile zokuhlela intuthuko entsha, uhlelo lokulungisa izibani ezikhona zomgwaqo, kanye nokuthatha izivumelwano zomphakathi ziwukubambisana neYunivesithilini yaseManchester ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga okukhanya ngaphesheya kwendawo, kwakhanya isisekelo sesimiso sezimiso zemithetho esazisa izakhiwo futhi kuvumela ukuhlazinziswa kwezindawo ezisezindaweni ezisedolobhayo. Kusukela ngo-192018, idolobha liphinde laziswe ngezibani ezibandayo, i-LMED, i-odmicrence, i-25% ikhuphulwe ukukhuphuka kobumnyama futhi kusetshenziswa ubumnyama bamadolobhanazo elise emadolomini.

EdiNLAND: Ifa Nesayensi Yemvelo Kusesilinganisweni

Inhloko - dolobha yaseScotland iye yafinyelela ukungcola okukhanyayo ngenhlanganisela yokulondoloza nokuphatha indawo ezungezile okungokomlando. INkosi uPromost yase-Edinburgh, ehlalisa umkhandlu wedolobha, iye yasekela izinqubo zezulu ezimnyama njengengxenye yesimiso sokwakha i-UNESCO World Heritage Site ad. Icebo lokukhanya le-Edinburgn linemibala efudumele, izivikelwe ukusekela izakhiwo zedolobha ezingokomlando kuyilapho intuthuleze ukukhanya okuncane. Idolobha liye lasekela futhi "izibani zangaphandle" uhlelo lokwakha okungezona zezentengiselwano phakathi nenkathi yokufuduka kwezinyoni, ukudambisa ukungqubana nokuhla kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezifudukayo. Umphakathi ubonisa ukusekela okunamandla kakhulu kwale macala, kanye nezakhamuzi abavumelana nokuvikela isibhakabhaka esisemkhathini esimnyama. I-Edimilyn

IBristol: Ukulingana Nesimo Sezulu

UMmeli waseBristol uye wathatha ukuma okuqinile ekungcoleni kokukhanya njengengxenye yedolobha Icebo elilodwa lesimo sezulu eDolobheni. I-Drack Skies Action Plan ihlanganisa izisulu zokunciphisa ukungcola kokukhanya ngo 20% ngo-2030, kanye nokugcizelela izenzakalo ze-interim ngo-2025. Idolobha lifake iqophelo eliphambili emgwaqweni elilungisa ukukhanya okusekelwe esikhathini sobusuku nobusuku, futhi liye ladala i Nenethiwekhi ye "iziqiwili zesibhakabhaka ezimnyama" emapaki asemaphandleni edolobha. Okuhlukanisa i-Bristom kugcizelelwa kwayo ezindaweni ezikhona: icebo elisobala liyavuma ukuthi omakhelwane ngokuvamile banezihlahla eziningi nezimnyama, futhi lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi eziphila ngobusuku ezimnyama. I-framsced lisiza ukuvundliwe kokukhanyisa kokukhanya komphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nemfundo Yomphakathi

Ukuqondisa kukodwa nje akwanele ukufinyelela ukunciphisa ukukhanya okuhlala njalo. Ukuziphatha kwezakhamuzi, amabhizinisi, nabanikazi bempahla kunendima ebalulekile, futhi amameya aye asebenzisa amandla awo okusungula izivumelwano zomphakathi ngezinga elikhulu.

Izindawo zomphakathi nezifundo ziyisinyathelo sokuqala esivamile. Amadolobha amaningi agcwele izenzakalo lapho izakhamuzi zingafunda khona ngempilo nemiphumela ezungezile yokungcola kokukhanya, zibone imiboniso yeziphephethano, futhi zithole isiqondiso sokukhetha ukukhanya okufanele emakhaya azo. Lezi zenzakalo zivame ukuklanywa ngokuhlobana nezindawo zendawo zesayensi yezinkanyezi, ukuthemba izilwane zasendle, kanye nabameleli bezimboni, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa okunikezwayo kunengqondo ngokwesayensi futhi kuwusizo ngempela.

Imishini esebenzelana namabhizinisi endawo nayo iye yabonakala iphumelela. Emadolobheni amaningi, omeya baye basekela ukusungulwa kwe "Dark Sky Business" izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa, ukuthungatha izinkampani ezizamukela ngokuzithandela izibani ezimnyama zesibhakabhaka ngenkani ezikhanyisa izakhiwo zazo. Amabhizinisi aqiniswe abonisa ifasitela elixekiwe noma ibheji lemishini, abonisa ukuzimisela kwawo ukusekela nokukhanga amakhasi awazi indawo ezungezile. Le zinhlelo zikha izisusa eziqinile zezenzo zomsebenzi nokusiza inqubo emnyama yesibhakabhaka emphakathini wezebhizinisi.

Izinhlelo zokuqashelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ziye zavela njengenye ithuluzi. Amanye amadolobha asungula imiklomelo "i-Dark Sky Neighbourd" enikezwa imiklomelo, enikezwa imigwaqwe noma izitini lapho omakhelwane bebonke bevumelana khona ukunciphisa ukukhanya ngaphandle. Lezi zinyathelo zikhuthaza ukuziqhenya komphakathi futhi zibonisa ukuthi izenzo ezincane zingahlanganisa ukuveza ushintsho olunenjongo ngokwesilinganiso somakhelwane. Ukuhlanganyela izakhamuzi ngokuvamile kuba yizithethelela ngokwazo, zisakaza ukuqaphela ngemiphakathi yabo kanye nabangane nemikhaya ukuba zithathe imikhuba efanayo.

Izinhlelo zemfundo eziqala ukufundwa kwesayensi yezinkanyezi ne-ieology ebusuku zingabangela ukuba abantu baphile futhi bavuse intshiseko yokuvikela isibhakabhaka esimnyama. Izikhulu eziningi ze-meya ziye zavakashela izikole zendawo zikhulume ngokukhanya kokukhanya noma zasekela imisebenzi yesayensi yezakhamuzi lapho abafundi belinganisa ukukhanya kobusuku ngamathuluzi alula. Le zinhlelo zakha isizukulwane esilandelayo sabasekeli futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhleleka kwesibhakabhaka esimnyama kuyaqhubeka kwanda.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko efinyelelwe, imingcele ebalulekile isekhona. izithiyo ezinciphisanayo ezikhona ziseyinselele engapheli. Nakuba izibani ezisebenza kahle amandla zizikhokhela ngokwesikhathi, ukutshala izimali eziphambili okudingekayo ukuze kuvuselelwe wonke amadolobha kukhulu. Imikhandlu eminingi ibhekene nezingcindezi eziphikisanayo ezibangelwa izindlu, ukunakekela umphakathi, kanye nokwehlisa izimali zohambo, kanye nokwehla kokungcola komoya kungasuswa. Ngakho abasebenzi bomjikelezo kumelwe bakwenze kube lula ukuveza isimo sezimali, bagcizelele izindleko zamandla ezigciniwe, incishisiwe izindleko zokunakekela, futhi bagweme impilo nezindawo ezingaphandle.

Ukwenqaba kobuphekula kungavela lapho izibani zibhekwa njengezihlehlisa ukuphepha noma ukulondeka. Ezinye izakhamuzi kanye nabanikazi bamabhizinisi bakhathazekile ngokuthi imigwaqo efiphele noma izingozi ezivikelekile ziyondisa ubugebengu noma izingozi zabahamba ngezinyawo. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu kwesaba kudinga ukuxhumana okucacile ngobufakazi: ukukhanya okubhalwe kahle, okuqondile kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngokunciphisa ukucwebezela nokwakha ukukhanya okusemzingeni, kuyilapho ukukhanya okungaklanyelwe kahle kungadala izithunzi ezimnyama futhi kukhubaze ukubonakala. Ama-May asebenza ngokuqondile ngezinkinga zomphakathi futhi anikeze ukwaziswa nemibukiso kuvame kakhulu ukwakha ukuthemba nokuthenga ngokuphepha.

Amandla asebenzayo ahlala elinganiselwe kuziphathimandla eziningi zendawo. Ukungcola kokukhanya kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungabalulekile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithwalo yemfanelo, futhi imithombo yokuhlola enikezelwe ayivamile. Izimiso eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa izindinganiso ezicacile nokubekwa kwemithetho ehlelekile, ukugcizelela imfundo nokulalela ngokuzithandela kuyilapho kugcinwa kwezijeziso eziqhubekayo ezingezona ezihlangani. Amanye amadolobha aye azama ngokugcinwa komthetho womphakathi, aqeqesha izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukubika izikhangiso nomsebenzi nabani bempahla ngamakhambi.

Uma ubheka phambili, izimo eziningana zinikeza amathuba entuthuko engeziwe. Ubuchwepheshe bezentengiselwano buyaqhubeka bunikeza izixazululo zokukhanya eziphumelela kakhulu nezilawulwayo. Izakhiwo zamadolobha ezihlakaniphile zivumela ukuqapha kwangempela nesikhathi nokuphathwa kwezimiso, okwenza amadolobha akwazi ukucwenga amazinga okukhanyisa ukuze afanelane nezidingo ezingokoqobo. Ukushintshela ekuklameni komuntu osesingeni eliphezulu, okucabangela ithonya elingokwesayensi lokukhanya kubantu abahlala khona, futhi kwakha isidingo sendawo emnyama ebusuku nasezindaweni zomphakathini.

[[FLT: 0]], ephethe i-moral Sky Reserve [[FLT: 1] iyindawo ekhulayo yezomnotho amameya akwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Izindawo ezinjenge Yorkshire Dales National Park[, egcina i-International Drack Sky Reserve, ibonise ukuthi ukulondoloza isibhakabhaka esimnyama kungaletha izinzuzo ezingokwezomnotho ezingcono kulokhu. Imeya yase Urbaraby ingakhela kulokhu ngokukhuthaza izindawo ezimnyama zesibhakabhaka, ukuhlanganisa amapaki amnyama asemkhathini, kanye nokubeka amadolobha abo njengezindawo zezindawo zesibhakabhaka ezimnyama ezizungezile ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezizungezile.

Ukuncishiswa kwesimo sezulu namasu ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kumelela mhlawumbe indlela ethembisa kakhulu yokusekela amandla. Njengoba amadolobha ase-UK ebopheka ekukhipheni i-net-zero kanye nasekuthuthukiseni imvelo, ukunciphisa ukukhanya okungeyomfuneko kunikeza ukungenela okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa, okuphakeme okufeza imigomo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abakhi bokukhanya ukunciphiswa komoya phakathi kwesimo sezulu sabo esiphuthumayo kanye nezindlela zokululama kwemvelo ngokunokwenzeka bathola ukusekelwa okunamandla kuyo yomiyalo yezimiso zomthetho nomphakathi.

Isiphetho: I - Mayoral I - propertiation

Umholi weMayoral uye wabonakala uyisici esinqumayo ekunciphiseni ukungcola kokukhanya kwasemadolobheni eUnited Kingdom. Ngomhlanganisela wezimiso ezisunguliwe, ukutshala imishini, ukuhlangana komphakathi, imeya eLondon, iManchester, i-Edinburgh, iBristol, namanye amadolobha kuye kwafinyelela ukuncishiswa okungalawuleki kwesibhakabhaka, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwezinga elilula. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi abaholi bakahulumeni bendawo bangaveza umehluko obonakalayo empilweni empilweni yabantu, ebukholweni bemvelo, namasiko emkhathini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinselele zokuxhasa ngemali, ukumelana nomphakathi, kanye nokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzibophezela okuqinile kanye nokulawula. Imeya ephumelela kakhulu ihlanganisa ukuncishiswa kokungcola okulula emibonweni yayo ebanzi yasedolobheni, ukwakha imifelandawonye ehlanganisa amabhizinisi, amaqembu omphakathi, izinhlangano zesayensi, kanye namanye amazinga kahulumeni. Baqaphela ukuthi ukukhulula ubusuku akuyona inqubo eyodwa yokuthatha isinyathelo kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yoshintsho lwempucuko nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Njengoba inani lamadolobha e-UK liqhubeka likhula futhi ithonya lempilo nelendawo ezungezile lokungcoliswa kokukhanya liqondwa kangcono, indima yemeya ekuqondiseni ukukhanya kokwenziwa ebusuku iyomane iholele kakhulu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweshumi leminyaka elidlule kunikeza isifundo esicacile: ngokuhola okuqinile, izindinganiso ezicacile, nemiphakathi ethembisiwe, kuyenzeka ukugcina amadolobha ethu ekhanya kakhulu lapho adinga khona ukuba khona. Imeya ethatha lelithuba ngeke ithuthukise ukuphila kwezakhamuzi zayo kuphela kodwa futhi ishiye nefa elihlala njalo njengezisebenzi zobusuku.