Table of Contents
Isingeniso: Isizathu Sokuba Ohulumeni Bombuso Babaluleke Ekunakekeleni Impilo
Ukunakekela impilo e-United States kusebenza ngesimiso esinemiphetho lapho iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zihlangana khona nokusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni. Uma uhulumeni ubeka izinto eziza kuqala zesizwe ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Affordal Care Act, ohulumeni bamazwe banamandla amakhulu okulawula indlela ukunakekelwa kwempilo okunikezwa ngayo, ukulawulwa, nokuxhaswa kwemali phakathi kwemingcele yabo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwegunya kudala uhlelo oluhlukene lwemithetho oluthinta imfanelo, izindleko, kanye nokutholakala kwe-meose-Afford Carects Act, i-rectorodomsssss.
Kubafundisi, abafundi, nochwepheshe bezempilo, ukuqonda indima yohulumeni bezwe akuyona nje indlela yokufunda. Kuthonya yonke into kusukela ekutholakaleni kwemitholampilo eyisisekelo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kuya ezindleko zomshuwalense wempilo kanye nezinga lokungenela kwezempilo yomphakathi. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okuningi kokuthi ohulumeni bezwe bathonya kanjani ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinselele ababhekene nazo, nokuthi ikusasa lingaba naziphi izindleko.
IZisekelo Zomlando Nomthetho - sisekelo Zegunya Lokunakekela Impilo KaHulumeni
Ohulumeni boMbuso bathola igunya labo lokunakekela impilo ngokuyinhloko eSichibiyelweni seshumi kuya kuMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., olondoloza imibuso engaphathi uhulumeni kahulumeni. Lesi sisekelo somthetho ngokomthetho ngokomlando siye sanikeza imibuso ebanzi ukuba ilawule impilo nokulondeka phakathi kwezindawo zabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gunya lamaphoyisa liye lachazwa njengelihlanganisa ukuqondisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ukusebenza kwezibhedlela, nokuphatha izinyathelo zempilo zomphakathi.
Ukulinganisela phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nombuso kuye kwashintsha phakathi namashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngokudlula kwemithetho kahulumeni emikhulu enjengeMedicare ne-Medicaid ngo-1965 kanye noMthetho we-Affordal Care Act ngo-2010. Nokho, izifunda zikahulumeni ziyakwazi ukuqaphela indlela ezisebenzisa ngayo izinhlelo zikahulumeni, okuholela ekuhlukahlukeni okukhulu kwezihloko, izinzuzo, kanye nemiphumela ezweni lonke. Ukuqonda lo mlando kuyisihluthulelo sokwazisa ubunkimbinkimbinkimbinkimbi beze e-United States.
Ukuqondiswa Kwezwe Abapha Nabanakekela Impilo
Enye yezindlela eziqondile kakhulu ohulumeni bakahulumeni abathonya ngayo ukunakekelwa kwempilo ingesizolo sokuthola nokuqondisa kwabanakekelayo. Wonke amazwe alondoloza ibhodi lawo siqu lezokwelapha futhi abeke izimfuneko eziqondile kodokotela, abahlengikazi, osokhemisi, nochwepheshe bezempilo abahlangene ukuze bathole futhi bavuselele amalayisensi. Lezi zimfuneko zihlanganisa izimfuneko zemfundo, ukuhlola, ukuqhubeka kwemfundo, kanye nezihlolo zesizinda.
Ukushintshashintsha Kwezigaba Nezinhlanganisela Ze - Interstate
Ngoba umbuso ngamunye uhlela izindinganiso zawo siqu, kunezinto ezihlukile eziphawulekayo. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga izikweleti zemfundo eziqhubekayo eziqinile, kuyilapho ezinye zinezindlela zokuzijezisa ezilula kakhulu. Lo msebenzi owenziwe ngokuqamba ubangele izinselele ze-telemedicine kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo abafisa ukudwebela emgqeni kahulumeni. Ukuphendula lokhu, amazwe amaningi aye ahlanganisa ama-interstate e-interstate Medical Licenficuse Conquect, alandela inqubo yodokotela ukuze bathole amalayisense ezifundazweni eziningi. Ngokufanayo, umhlengikazi osemthethweni uvumela abahlengikazi ababhaliwe ukuba basebenzise izigaba ezithatha isinyathelo ngephepha-mvume eyodwa.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwemithetho Nezitifiketi Zezidingo
Futhi ama-odoct alawula izikhungo zokunakekela impilo, kuhlanganise nezibhedlela, amakhaya okuhlinza, izikhungo zokuhlinza, nezikhungo zokuxilonga. Ezinye izifundazwe zilondoloza iSitifiketi seZidingo zesidingo (CON), ezifuna abagcini bezempilo ukuba bathole imvume kahulumeni ngaphambi kokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha noma ukunezela imishini ebizayo. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi imithetho ilawula izindleko zempilo futhi ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezinkonzo, kuyilapho abagxeki bethi bavimbela ukuncintisana nokufinyelela ekunakekeleni. Njengango-2024, cishe amazwe angu-35 asenendlela ethile ye - symeose syn, nakuba ihlukene kakhulu.
IMedicaid: Isimiso Sezokwelapha Sezwe
I-Medicaid iwumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wezempilo kubantu baseMelika abathola imali ephansi, futhi ixhaswe uhulumeni wezwe nezwe. Nokho, izifunda zikahulumeni zivumelana kakhulu ekuklameni nasekuqondiseni izinhlelo zazo ze-Medicaid ngeziqondiso zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuvumelana kuholela ekuhlukaneni okukhulu komuntu okhokhelwayo, ukuthi iziphi izinkonzo ezinikezwayo, nokuthi zingaki izinkonzo ezikhokhelwayo.
Ukuphumelela Nokwanda Ngaphansi Kwe - ACA
I-Affordlable Care Act yakuqala yadinga izifundazwe zokwandisa iMedicaid exchange kubantu abadala abahola isilinganiso sobumpofu obungu-88%, kodwa isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ngo-2012 senza ukwanda ngenkani kwezifundazwe. Lokhu kwadala igalelo elikhulu: kusukela ngo-2024, amazwe angu-40 ne-Foligi of Columbia ziye zandisa uMdicaid, kuyilapho amazwe ayishumi engawathintanga amazwe aphansi, amaningi athola igebe eliphansi lapho ethola khona inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yokufanelekela iziteshi ezingokwesiko kodwa elinganiselwe kakhulu ukuba afanelekele amapulani entengiselwa. Leligebe alithinta kakhulu abantu eNingizimu naseMidwester, linikela ekungangeni okukhulu futhi ekutholeni inzuzo engcono kakhulu kulezo mpilo.
Izinzuzo Nenzuzo
Izwe linobuhlakani ngobukhulu bezinzuzo ze-Medicaid, nakuba umthetho kahulumeni ugunyaza ukukhokhwa kwezinkonzo ezithile ezinjengokunakekelwa kwesibhedlela, izinkonzo zodokotela, nokuhlolwa kokucwaninga. Izifundazwe eziningi zikhetha ukunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise nokusonga amazinyo, izinkonzo zamehlo, kanye nokuhamba okungalawuleki. Izinga lokuhamba ezimotweni ezingcono. I-Reimbursement yomnakekeli wezisebenzi liyahlukahluka futhi ngokwezimo zikahulumeni, ukuthonya ukuthatha igalelo. Izwe elinezinga lokuthelela okukhulu line ngcono lokunakekela i-Medicaid abazuzayo, kuyilapho linamanani aphansi ezama ukugcina isociomfast interal inter.
Ukunakekelwa Nokukhishwa Kwezisu
Izifundazwe eziningi manje zinikeza izinkonzo ze-Medicaid ngezinhlangano eziphethwe (MCOS), ezivumelana nombuso ukuba zinikeze ukunakekelwa okubanzi kwenkokhelo yanyanga zonke ebhaliswe umuntu ngamunye obhalisiwe. Lendlela ihloselwe ukulawula izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenzelana kokunakekela, kodwa futhi iveza izinkimbinkimbi ze-mediid ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nethinet, ngaphambi kokugunyazwa, nokuhlola kwezinga eliphezulu. Amanye amazwe azama ukusebenzisa ezinye izilinganiso zokukhokha kanye nezinguquko zokuthutha, njengezinhlangano zokunakekela ezikhokhelwa nezindlu zezokwelapha eziphakathi kweziguli, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela nokunciphisana nokusebenzisa imali.
Izinhlelo ZoMbuso Zezempilo Yomphakathi Nempilo Yezakhamuzi
Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso iyinhloko evikela futhi ithuthukise impilo yabantu bayo, ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekuqapheni izifo nasekuhlolweni okubhebhethekisa izifo nasekuvimbeleni izifo okungamahlalakhona.
Umsebenzi Wempilo Yomphakathi
Umbuso ngamunye ulondoloza isisekelo sempilo yomphakathi esihlanganisa izinkonzo zokucwaninga, isayensi yokuhlola izifo, amarekhodi abalulekile, nezibalo zempilo. Lemisebenzi ibalulekile ekutholeni nasekubhekaneni nokuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlola ukuthambekela kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nokuzisa izinqumo zezimiso. Umqedazwe weCOVID-19 waqokomisa kokubili amandla nobuthakathaka bezimiso zempilo zomphakathi, ezinye izimo zisabela ngokushesha nangempumelelo kuyilapho ezinye zilwa nokubambisana, ukusekela, nokuxhumana.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Nezokuthuthukisa Impilo
I-odocts iphethe izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela ezihlasela izimbangela eziphambili zokugula nokufa. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo zokuhlinza ugwayi ziye zaboniswa zinciphisa amazinga okubhema nezindleko ezihlobene nezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lapho zixhaswa kahle. I-United States isebenzisa inhlanganisela yemikhankaso yemfundo, izinkonzo zokuvimbela ukukhokha, nezimiso ezinjengentela kagwayi nemithetho engenantuthu ukuze idingisele ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi. Ngokufanayo, izikhulu zikahulumeni zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhuluphala, ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela, kanye nokungenela kwempilo yenhliziyo, ngokuvamile ngokuxhasa ngemali evela eCenters for Disease Control and Devition (CDC).
Izinkonzo Zempilo Zezingane Nezempilo
Umthetho we-Federal ufuna wonke amazwe ukuba aqhube uhlelo lweMaternal ne-Child Health (MCH), olunikeza izinkonzo eziyinhloko komama, izinsana, izingane, nabeve eshumini nambili, kuhlanganise nalabo abadinga usizo olukhethekile lwezempilo. Lezinhlelo zigxile ekunakekeleni abantwana abazalwe ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukuhambelana nezingane, ukugoma, nokuhlola ukukhula. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni MCH ziqoqa futhi zibike ukwaziswa okuyinhloko okubonisa ukufa kwezinsana, ukuzala okuphansi, nokuncelisa amazinga, okusetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa nokungenela kwezisulu.
Ukusebenzisa Izinkinga Nezinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo
Umqedazwe we-opioid namazinga anyukayo empilo yengqondo kuye kwabangela izimfuno ezandayo ezimisweni zezempilo yomphakathi. Amazwe asebenzisa imishini yokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwezifo kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha, ngokuvamile asebenzisana nezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini kanye nabaphathi bempilo. Izifunda eziningi ziye zandisa ukufinyelela kwe-naloxone, i-opioid esetshenziswa kakhulu imishanguzo yokubuyisela isidakamizwa, futhi ziye zasebenzisa iziqondiso ezibekwa kusengaphambili eziqondisweni zama-opiojoid. Izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo, kuhlanganise nokungenela kwenkinga yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwempilo, ukuphaphazanyiswa kwempilo, futhi zibuye zisetshenziswe kakhulu yizikhulu zezempilo yezwe ezisebenza ngesilinganiso se-comilinye.
Ukuqondiswa Kwemishuwalense Nokudayiswa Kwayo
Izwe sekuyisikhathi eside liyimishini eyinhloko yemishuwalense yezempilo, indima eyaqiniswa yi-McCarran-Ferguson Act ka- 1945. Nakuba i-Affordcable Care Act yasungula izindinganiso zikahulumeni zezimakethe zomuntu ngamunye nezeqembu elincane, izifundazwe zinegunya elibalulekile kumthetho womshuwalense.
Ukubukeza Nendlela Yokuthengisa
Iminyango yomshuwalense kahulumeni ihlola izindleko zemali yezempilo ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ayizona izilinganiso eziqiqile, ezingafaneleki, noma ezingekho emthethweni. Amazwe futhi aqondisa i-insurensingsion compsy, i-senet comment, ukuqashwa kwe-octal, nokukhononda kwabathengi. Amanye amazwe anegunya elikhulu lokubukeza isilinganiso sokuhlola kuneminye, okungathonya izimo ezithathelwanayo nezingakhokhwa. Amazwe angase abeke izimfuneko ezingeni eliphezulu ezinhlahleni zokukhokhwa kwempilo, ngaphambi kokuba agunyazwe, kanye nokukhokhela izinkonzo ezithile.
Izigcawu Ezisekelwe Emkhakheni Kahulumeni Ne - ACA
Ngaphansi kwe-Affordble Care Act, izifundazwe zazinethuba lokumisa izimakethe zazo siqu zempilo noma zithembele ezigcawini ezilula zikahulumeni. Kusukela ngo-2024, izifundazwe ezingu-18 nase-Fooisty of Columbia zisebenzisa izimakethe zazo, kuyilapho izifunda ezisele zisebenzisa ipulatifomu kahulumeni. Izigcawu ezisekelwe kuhulumeni ngokuvamile ziyakwazi ukusungula iziteshi zokuthenga nokufaka iziteshi, ukulawula izingozi, nokubeka izindinganiso zamapulani athengiswe ezidayiswa ezigcayiseni. Amanye amazwe aye aqala futhi afaka izinhlelo zokuthengisa ezithengisweni zezindawo eziphansi futhi alungise izimakethengiso zawo.
Isivikelo Nezinto Ezithengiswayo
Ngaphandle kwezimfuneko zikahulumeni, izikhulu zikahulumeni zimisa imithetho yazo siqu yokuvikela umshuwalense wempilo. Lokhu kungahlanganisa iziqondiso zokukhokhelwa kwezinkonzo ezithile ezinjengokunakekelwa kwabantwana, ukwelashwa ngengqondo, noma izinkonzo zokuzala. Amazwe futhi alawula ukulinganisela kwemali, izikweleti zezokwelapha ezimangalisayo, nezindinganiso zobukhazikhazi. i-No Srayss Act, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-2022, inikeza isivikelo sikahulumeni ekumelaneni nokungalindelekile, kodwa nemithetho ekhona eqinile ingasenandima ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kweze nasongezelelo.
Ukufaneleka Kwempilo, Ukuphepha, Nokulandisa
Ohulumeni boMbuso bawumgogodla wokuqinisekisa ukuthi abanakekela impilo banikeza ukunakekela okulondekile, okuphumelelayo nokungalingani. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhlanganisela yezimfuneko zokulungisa, ukugunyaza, ukuhlola, nokubika.
Ukuhlanzwa Kwezibhedlela Nokuhlolwa
Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso inikeza izibhedlela imvume futhi ihlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekiswa kwezimiso zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa izindawo ezinjengokulawulwa kwezifo, amalungelo esiguli, ukulawulwa kwemithi, nokulungiselelwa kwezinto eziphuthumayo. Izwe lingase futhi lihlole izikhalo nezenzakalo ezimbi, futhi linegunya lokuphoqelela izijeziso, kuhlanganise nenkokhelo, ukugcinwa kwemvume yezezikhungo zesakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalemisebenzi yokuqondisa kuyahlukahluka ezindaweni zonke, kuthonywe imithombo ekhona nezinto eziza kuqala kwezombangazwe.
Ukubika Okusezingeni Elihle Nokubona Kwangaphandle
Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga izibhedlela nezinye izikhungo zokwelapha ukuze zibike imininingwane yezinga elifanele elinjengezinga lokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo esibhedlela, amazinga okufunda imvume nokwaneliseka kweziguli. Lokhu kwaziswa kuvame ukutholakala obala ngewebhusayithi yombuso, kuvumela abathengi ukuba baqhathanise izakhiwo futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Amazwe futhi ahlanganyela ezimisweni zokubika isilinganiso sombuso futhi angabambisana nezinhlangano ezinjenge-Agency for Healthharecuty Research and Q (ARQ) ukuze athuthukise ukulinganisela nokubika.
Ukusebenza Kwezokwelapha Nokulondeka Kwesineke
Izindawo zilawula imithetho yezokwelapha engekho semthethweni, elawula indlela iziguli ezilimala ngayo ngenxa yokunganaki kwezokwelapha ezingafuna imbuyiselo. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa izinyathelo zokuguqula inguquko, njengezikhonkwane ezisengxemu zemali engekho zomnotho, imingcele ezinkokhelweni zommeli, nemithetho efinyelelwe yokulinganisela. Lemithetho ihloselwe ukunciphisa izindleko zomshuwalense wezezokwelapha ezingalawuleki nokuqinisa indawo ezungezile eyingozi engokwempilo, kodwa futhi iyindaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo ngethonya layo ekulondekeni kwesineke nasekungeneleni ebulungisa. Izwe lisebenzisa futhi amabhanki yokwaziswa asebenzisa izinqubo elaphayo eqoqa ukwaziswa nezenzo zokulungisa, okusiza ekunakekeleni intuthuko.
Izisekelo Zempilo Ezingokwempilo Nezenhlalo
Ohulumeni boMbuso banendima ebalulekile ekusingatheni ukuhluka kwempilo kanye nokuvimbela kwempilo okuthinta imiphumela yempilo yabantu. Lezizinqanda zihlanganisa izindlu, imfundo, umsebenzi, ezokuhamba, nokuthola ukudla okunomsoco, konke okuthonywa izimiso zikahulumeni ezingaphezu kwesimiso sokunakekela impilo.
Ukusingatha Umehluko Empilweni
Umehluko wezinhlanga nowobuzwe emiphumeleni yempilo uyaqhubeka kulo lonke elase-United States, futhi izimiso zikahulumeni zingaba nezilinganiso noma zinciphise lokhu kungafani. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa amahhovisi empilo okulingana futhi zasebenzisa izinhlelo zokunciphisa ukuhlukana ekufeni kukamama, izifo ezingapheli, nokutholakala kokunakekelwa. Izizwe zingaqoqa futhi zibike ngemiphumela yempilo ngohlanga, ubuzwe, nezinye izici zomphakathi, okubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinhlanga nokungenela.
Izindlela Zokuhloba Nezomphakathi
Iqaphela ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kukodwa akunakuyithuthukisa imiphumela yempilo, izifundazwe eziningi zihlola izindlela zokusingatha izigwegwe zezenhlalo ngezinhlelo zazo ze-Medicaid. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izinkonzo ezingasezona ezokwelapha ezinjengokusekela izindlu, usizo lokudla, kanye nokuphatha izindaba. Izifunda eziningi ziye zathola iziphakamiso zikahulumeni zokuhlola izindlela ezintsha, kuhlanganise nemiphakathi efuna ukuhlobana kwempilo nezinhlangano zenkonzo yomphakathi. Lezi zinyathelo zisentsha ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa ubufakazi bokuqala busikisela ukuthi ukusingatha izigwebo zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo kunganciphisa izindleko zempilo futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yemiphakathi eswelekayo.
Ukuhlanganisa
Isimiso esiphumelelayo sokunakekela impilo sidinga ukubambisana ezingxenyeni. Ohulumeni bamazwe bangasizana kakhulu phakathi kwabanakekela impilo, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, izinkonzo zezezenhlalakahle, imfundo, nezikhulu zezindlu. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa impilo kuzo zonke izindlela, ezifuna abasunguli bezimiso ezingezizo zempilo ezingaphezulu kwezempilo ukuba bacabangele imiphumela yempilo yezinqumo zabo. Lokhu kubambisana kubaluleke kakhulu ekusingatheni kusingatheni kusingathwe izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokukhuluphala kwabantwana, okuthonywa yizinhlelo zesikole zokudla ukudla, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zasedolobheni, nokuphepha komphakathi.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Nabaqondisi Bezokwelapha BakaHulumeni
Nakuba izifundazwe zinegunya eliqinile nekhono lokuhlela ukunakekelwa kwempilo, zibhekana futhi nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezingazilinganisela ekuphumeleleni kwazo.
Izingcindezi Nezingcindezi Zokusebenzisa Imali
Ukunakekelwa kwempilo kungenye yezici ezinkulu zemali kahulumeni, ezivame ukuncintisana nemfundo, ezokuhamba, nokuphepha komphakathi ezimbonini ezilinganiselwe. Izindleko ze-Medicaid iyodwa zikhokhela amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 emali emali esetshenziswayo ngokwesilinganiso. Phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, izifunda zibhekene nenselele eyandayo yesidingo sentela nentengo enciphayo, okuholela ezinqumweni ezinzima mayelana nokungakhokhisi, izinzuzo, nokukhokhela izindleko. Ezinye izifunda ziye zamukela izimali zemvula kanye nezinye izindlela zokulawula le-SANTLY, kodwa ingcindezi ezingapheliyo.
Ukushintsha Imibono Nezimiso Zezombangazwe
Isimiso sokunakekela impilo sivame ukuphikisana kwezombangazwe, futhi izinguquko ekuqondiseni uhulumeni zingaholela ekushintsheni kwenqubo ephawulekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, isinqumo sokwandisa iMedicaid siye saba yimpikiswano ekhudlwana engokomthetho, nemithetho yokuthi yandisa ukulawulwa kweDemocratic nezindawo ezingekho ezithathelwanayo ezithambekele eRepublican. Lokhu kuwohloka kungadala ukungahleleki kwemithetho, okwenza kube nzima ngabaxhasi bezempilo, abafaka izivumelwano zesikhathi esizayo. Futhi kuvimbela imizamo yokufinyelela ukuvumelana kwezizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi zezehlakanisweni ze-regilaptic projectal, ukusetshenziswa kwemiligila ephambili kwemithola-mthola mpilo, kanye nomthetho we-telediocleic progatection.
Ukuswelakala Kwezisebenzi Nokusakaza
Izifunda eziningi zibhekene nokuntuleka kochwepheshe bezempilo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nangaphansi. Lokhu kuswelakala kuthinta ukutholakala kokunakekelwa okuyinhloko, izinkonzo zempilo, nokunakekelwa kwempilo okukhethekile. Izwe lisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusingatha ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zokukhokha imali, izisusa zemfundo, kanye nokwanda kwekhono kwasebencelisa nabezodokotela. Nokho, lemizamo ngokuvamile ayanele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, futhi amazwe kumelwe ancintisane nezisebenzi ezingondlekile zezempilo.
Izindleko Ezikhulayo Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo
Izindleko zokunakekela impilo ziyaqhubeka zinyuka ngokushesha kunamandla emali avamile, ukubeka ukucindezela kwemali kahulumeni, abaqashi, nabantu ngabanye. Izwe linamathuluzi alinganiselwe okulawula izindleko ngokuqondile, kodwa lingathonya ukuthunyelelwa ngenkokhelo ye-Medicaid, iziqondiso zomshuwalense, kanye nezindlela ezinjengazo zonke izikhokhi ezifuna izinhlelo zokuthola imvume. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zaphishekela izinyathelo zokubonisana ezidinga izibhedlela nabafaki wemali ukuze zidale izinkonzo ezivamile, nakuba ithonya lalemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwemali kuhlala kungaqinisekwa.
Imikhuba Eyaluzayo Nekusasa Lomthetho Wezempilo KaHulumeni
Izindlela eziningana ezivelayo cishe ziyothonya indima yohulumeni bezwe ekunakekeleni impilo eminyakeni ezayo.
I - telehealth Ne - Digital Health
Isifo se-COVOID-19d sasheshisa ukuthathwa kwe-telehealth, futhi amazwe amaningi aye amisa izimiso zokwandisa ukufinyelela ekunakekeleni. Lezimiso zihlanganisa ukukhokha izimfuneko zokulinganisela ezinkonzweni ze-telehealth, ukunciphisa imingcele ye-inshuwarensition, nokuhlanganisa ukuhambelana kwemisindo kuphela. Ukuqhubekela phambili, izifundazwe zidinga ukulinganisela izinzuzo ze-telehealth ngokukhathalela izinga, imfihlo, nokungafihli lutho. Ezinye izigaba zihlola futhi izimiso zezezezobuchwepheshe zezempilo, kuhlanganise nohlelo lwezokusebenza ngemishini yezemisebe.
Ukunakekela Noshintsho Olusekelwe Emalini
Izwe linesithakazelo esikhulayo sokususa imishini ekhokhayo yenkokhelo yemishini ekhokhayo elungiselelwe amalungiselelo asekelwe emazingeni anezinzuzo namiphumela. Izinhlelo ze-Medicaid ezisezindaweni eziningi zihlanganyela emisebenzini yokubonisa kahulumeni futhi zithuthukisa izinyathelo zazo zokuthenga ezisekelwe emalini. Lemizamo idinga ukutshala imali eshicilelwe izakhiwo zemininingwane, isilinganiso sohlobo, kanye nokuthembisa ukukhokhela. Ukuphumelela kungathuthukisa ukuhleleka kosizo nokunciphisa izindleko, kodwa ushintsho luyinkimbinkimbi futhi ludinga isibopho esiqhubekayo.
Ukulungiselelwa Kwempilo Ephuthumayo Yomphakathi
Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 esidalulwe ukuwohloka kwezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi ezisezingeni lezwe nasezindaweni, kuhlanganise nokungajabulisi, ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi, nezimiso zemininingwane eziphelelwe isikhathi. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zifaka imali ekwakheni komphakathi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo, kuhlanganise nezimiso ezithuthukisiwe zokucwaninga, amandla okucwaninga, kanye nezindawo zokusabela okuphuthuma. Ukutshala imali nge-American Rereplation Plan Act kanye nolunye umthetho kunikeze izimali ezithile, kodwa ukuthuthukisa lokhu kudinga isibopho sombuso esiqhubekayo.
Ukuqoqwa Kwempilo Nemininingwane
Kunokuqashelwa okukhulayo ukuthi ukufinyelela imiphumela engcono yempilo kudinga ukusingatha ukuhlelwa kwezimiso. Izwe lithuthukisa ikhono lalo lokuqoqa nokuhlaziya ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokuhlukahluka kwezempilo, futhi amaningi abeka izisulu eziqondile zokunciphisa ukuhlukana ezindaweni ezinjengokufa kwabantwana, ukufa kwezinsana, nezifo ezingapheli. Ezinye izifunda zempilo ziye zasungula ukukhokhwa kwezempilo okuhlangene ukucatshangelwa kokungalingani kwezimiso kuzo zonke izigaba.
Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kobuholi BukaHulumeni
Ohulumeni boMbuso banegunya eliyinhloko esimisweni sokunakekela impilo yaseMelika, ukusebenzisa igunya lomthetho wokunakekela izimpahla, izimakethe zomshuwalense, impilo yomphakathi, noMedicaid. Izinqumo zabo zinemiphumela eqondile nengalungiseka empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yezakhamuzi zabo. Nakuba amazwe ebhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kwemithetho yezezombangazwe, ukuncipha kwezombangazwe, nokuswelakala kwemisebenzi, futhi banamathuba okuvuselela nokuhola ezindaweni ezinjengezingalo ezisekelwe entengisweni, i-teleath, kanye nempilo.
Kubafundisi nabafundi, ukuqonda indima yohulumeni bezwe kunikeza uhlelo lwesimiso sokunakekela impilo ethuthukisayo nokusekela intuthuko. Ukuhlukahluka kukahulumeni kunikeza futhi indawo yokucwaninga engokwemvelo yokuhlola ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi nayiphi engekho, iveza ubufakazi obunganikeza isimiso kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni. Njengoba indawo yezosizo lwempilo iqhubeka imbuluka, ohulumeni bombuso bayohlala bebalulekile ekuphishekeleni isimiso sokunakekela impilo esifinyelelekayo, esithengwayo, futhi esilinganayo kubo bonke.
Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngenqubo yokwelapha yezwe, vakashela i-Kaiser Family Foundation isimiso sezwe sezokwelapha [FLT:], i-Conference yesizwe ye-State Legislatures ngxenye yezempilo ye-[, kanye [[FLT:]] ne-Medicare & Medicaid Services Ministry Mdicaid [ikhasimetude:].