Isingeniso: Inselele Yokuthungatha Amabhilidi

Ukuhlaziywa kweplanethi kushintsha iplanethi ngejubane elingakaze libonwe. Njengoba abantu abaningi bethuthela emadolobheni, izindawo ezingokwemvelo zithathelwa indawo ukhonkolo, i-asphalt, nezakhiwo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunemiphumela emikhulu ekuncipheni kwamanzi. Izimiso zemvelo ezinikeza amanzi, izisefo, nokulawula amanzi. Ukuhlanganisa phakathi kokukhula kwamadolobha nempilo enciphilekile kwenza ukuba ukucabangela okuyisisekelo kwezimiso zokulawula amanzi kushintsheke. Ukuqonda indlela ukuhlala edolobheni kushintsha ngayo amanzi nendlela okumelwe kushintshwe ngayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amanzi ahlanzekile, ulawulo lwesikhukhula, nokulawula imvelo ezindaweni ezihlala emadolobheni ngokushesha.

Ama-aterfter awami ndawonye; ayizimiso ezinamandla ezisabela ekushintsheni ekusetshenzisweni kwezwe, isimo sezulu, kanye nomsebenzi womuntu. Ukwenziwa kwezindawo zomphakathi kuveza izindawo ezintsha ezicindezelayo − ezikhucululwayo, imithwalo yokungcola, kanye nokushintshwa kwezindlela zokukhipha amanzi (ezingakhubaza amandla angokwemvelo okudonsa, ukucwenga, ukukhipha amanzi, nokuwadlulisa. Ngenxa yalokho, abenzi bezimiso bamandla bangaphansi kokucindezela ukusungula izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwendawo ezungezile. Lesihloko sihlola imiphumela yokushintsha kwezimiso zokuphatha ezinciphene namanzi, sihlola ukusabela okuthembisayo, futhi siqokomisa isidingo sokuhlanganisa, ukuthatha izindlela zokuvikela imithombo yamanzi.

Ukuqonda i-athod: Izimiso zokulawula amanzi zendalo

Imvula egayiwe, eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi igebhu, iyindawo yezwe lapho zonke imvula namanzi angaphezulu kuqoqana khona futhi kudonswe khona kungene endaweni eyodwa yezindawo ezivamile − kube umfula, ichibi, ithanga, noma ulwandle. Ithonsi ngalinye lemvula eliwela phakathi kwamanzi agelezayo ekugcineni lingena kuleyondawo, lithwala noma yini eliyithathayo endleleni: inhlabathi, izakhi, izinto ezingcolisayo, nezinto ezingcolisayo, nezinto ezikhiqizwayo. Amanzi ancibilika kakhulu, kusukela emifuleni emikhulu yendawo enjengeMississippispi River Basin, ehlanganisa indawo eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-31,2.S.

Izindawo ezicwengiwe zifeza izinkonzo ezibucayi zendawo ezungezile: zilawula ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukuvuselela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, zinikeza indawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasemanzini nezindawo zasemhlabeni, futhi zisiza ekuhlanzeni amanzi ahlanzekile ngenhlabathi engokwemvelo, amaxhaphozi, kanye nohlaza. Impilo ye-amanzi acwetshiwe ithinta izinga namanzi atholakalayo okuphuza, ezolimo, ezemboni, nezokuzilibazisa. Uma amanzi acwebile elondolozwa ehlala kahle, angasibekela imingcele ezikhukhuleni, izinto ezingcolisayo, futhi agcine isisekelo esiqinile sigeleza ngisho nangesikhathi sesomiso. Nokho, lapho ukuhla kwezindawo ezisedolobhini zinciswa, lezinkonzo ziyawohloka.

Indlela Ukuwohloka Kwamabhilidi Okuphazamisa Ngayo

Inqubo yokuhlala emadolobheni ithatha indawo eqinile egcwele indawo engangenwa yilutho enjengemigwaqo, izindawo zokupaka izimoto, uphahla, nemizila ehamba ngezinyawo.

Izindawo Ezigcwele Ama - Imperor Ne - corn

I-imperlineval iwuphawu lokuhlanganisa amadolobha. Kuyindawo engokwemvelo ecwiliswe amanzi, i-evapotlar hyperspiration ne-evetransting nge-90% yemvula; ukuna kwemvula kuhamba kobuso kungaphansi kwe-10%. Njengoba ukwanda okungavikeleki, imiqulu ephumayo ikhula ngokuphawulekayo. Kumanzi agcwele ama-50-75% emboboxwe, ukudonswa komphezulu kungadlula ku 50% wemvula yaminyaka yonke. Lokhu kugeleza kugeleza ngokushesha emifuleni nasemifuleni, kubangele ukukhukhuleka okukhulu kwezintaba nemisele yemifula. Ukugeleza okugcweleyo kunciphisa amanzi aphansi, kuholela ekugelezeni phansi phakathi nenkathi eyomile futhi enciphisa amanzi.

Ukungcola Okufakwayo Nokuncipha Kwamanzi

Izindawo zasemadolobheni zikhiqiza ukungcola okuhlanzwa kube ama - down boid ngezikhathi zemvula.

  • Isakhiwo [ esisuka ezindaweni zokwakha kanye nezinsalela ezigugulekayo
  • Amanani [ (i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus) kuvela kunyolo, udoti wezilwane, nezimiso ze-eptic
  • Izinsimbi ze-wiv njengomthofu, izinc, nethusi elivela kumabhuleki emoto, amathayi, kanye nezinto zokwakha
  • [[UMTL:0] Hydrocarbons (amafutha, amafutha) emigwaqweni nasezindaweni zokupaka izimoto
  • IPathogens kumaparse drive ahlangene nezimiso zendle ezingasebenzi
  • Izinto ezixubayo kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthakatha, imikhiqizo yokunakekela, kanye nemicroplastics

Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingcolisa izinga lamanzi, zilimaza ukuphila kwasemanzini, futhi zandisa izindleko zokwelapha izinto ezingondlekile zokuphuza. I - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yase - United States ichaza ukugeleza kwamadolobha njengomthombo oyinhloko wokungcola kwamanzi emifuleni, emachibini nasezindaweni ezigcina amanzi.

I - hydroology Ne - ecology Expression

Ukuhlaliswa kwamadolobha ngokuyinhloko kushintsha umbuso ongokwemvelo ohamba emifuleni. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi esiphepho ngokushesha kwandisa ukuphindeka nobukhulu bezenzakalo eziphezulu, kuyilapho ukwehla kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kungena phansi. Le "urban syndrome" ihlanganisa:

  • Iziqongo eziphakeme eziphumayo phakathi neziphepho
  • Ukugeleza kancane phakathi nezikhathi ezomile
  • Iyanda, imisele efakiwe enezindawo zokuhlala eziwohlokile
  • Ukulahleka kohlaza olukhuhlayo nokwakheka komfula
  • Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezincishisiwe, zisekela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibekezelelayo kunezona ezizwelayo

Imvelo etholakala emanzini asemanzini ahlala njalo ilwela ukuphila emadolobheni ahambayo. Inani lezinhlanzi liyancipha, imiphakathi emikhulu ishintshela ezinhlotsheni ezingcolisayo, futhi yonke imvelo iyancipha.

Ukuhlukana Kwezimo Nokulahlekelwa

Izindawo zokuhlala zasedolobheni ezikhiqizwayo ngokuguqula amahlathi ahlala njalo noma amathafa aqhelile abe amaphasela. Imigwaqo nama-culve kungavimbela ukufuduka kwezinhlanzi futhi kuphazamise amaphasishi ezilwane zasendle. Izindawo ze-Riparian .Izindawo ezinamagedume enziweyo ezisemifuleni egcina amabhange ekhona, enikeza umthunzi, nezinto ezingcolisayo zokuhlanza izitshalo . Ngaphandle kwalezi zikhawulo, imifula ingaba sengozini kakhulu yokungcoliswa yigesi eshisayo evela ekufuduleni kwelanga nasemfazaneni okungena kuyo ngokuqondile kwezindawo eziseduze okusetshenziswayo.

Ithonya Ebuthweni Lokuphatha Elichithwayo

Ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile okubangelwa ukuhlaziywa kwamadolobha kuye kwaphoqelela abenzi bezimiso ukuba baguqule ukulawulwa kwamanzi okungokwesiko kusondela. Ngokomlando, abaphathi abacwengisiwe bagxile ekulawuleni izikhukhula nakumthombo wamanzi, ngokuvamile ngamakhambi aklanywe njengamadamu, amaleve, nemifula kakhonkolo. Kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwalendlela "yesisekelo" manje kucacile: ingasusa amanzi agcwele phansi kwamanzi, anciphe izinga lamanzi, futhi ibhubhise nendawo yasemanzini.

Kusuka kumyalo-nolawulo kuya ekuqondiseni imithombo yamanzi exutshiwe

Isimiso se-paradigm esihlangene se-Water Resource Management (IWRM) siyisimiso sokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa nokuphatha amanzi, umhlaba, kanye nemithombo ehlobene naso ukuze kwandiswe inhlalakahle yezomnotho nezenhlalo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa imvelo. Umphakathi wenezela ukuphuthuma kwe-IWRM ngoba ihlanganisa ubungako bamanzi, izinga, nendawo yokuhlala. i-Policies manje igcizelela kakhulu [[[FLT:] ukuhlelwa kwamanzi okungahlelekiyo [, , [indawo yokuzilibazisa] njengomthombo kunamanzi angcolileyo , kanye [FFLT], [FFFFF:] ne[4] futhi [FLT] izinhlelo ezikhuphukayo] ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzayo [FFFFF:5]]

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okuwukuqondisa: I - NPDES, Ama - TMDL, Nemithetho Yamanzi Ayisiphepho

E-United States, i-CV Water Act (CWA) inikeza uhlelo oluyinhloko lokuqondisa i-athomu lamanzi acwebile. Amathuluzi ayinhloko aklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa idolobha:

  • Izwe i-Polltant Direflation Relective Isystem (NPDES): Ifuna imvume yokukhipha iqoqo lezindawo, kuhlanganise nezimiso zesimiso esihlukene sesimiso sokukhuculula indle (MS4s). I-Masipala kumelwe iveze izinhlelo zokulawula amanzi esiphepho ukuze ilawule izinga nobuningi.
  • [[NTL:0] Umthamo omkhulu wemitako yemihla ngemihla (TMDL):[ Lemali yokungcola ibeke imingcele yezinto ezithile ezingcolisayo kuma-motebodies akhubazekile. Izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile zibhekene nezimfuneko ze-TMDL ekungcoliseni, ezakhiwo, namagciwane, eziphoqelela imiphakathi ukuba ikhule ngokushintshanisa okukhona ngezindlela zokulawula ezingcono kakhulu.
  • Phase II Isiphepho samanzi siyabusa: I-NPDES enwetshiwe embozwe kuma-MS4 amancane nasezindaweni zokwakha, idinga ukuguguleka nokuhlelwa kokulawula inhlabathi kanye nokwelashwa kwangemva kokususwa kwe-compration.

Le mithetho iye yakhuthaza omasipala ukuba bathuthukise izinga eliphansi lokuthuthukisa izakhi zomzimba (LID), izakhiwo eziluhlaza, nezindleko zezezimali zokusekela izimali zokuthuthukisa izimali. Kodwa ukuvuma ukubambisana kuseyinselele, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amadala anezindawo zokukhuculula indle ezihlangene nendawo encane yokulungisa imfucumfucu.

Ukulawula Isimo Esizivumelanisa Nesimo Sezulu

Ukushintsha kwezici zezinga lokushintsha isimo sezulu ezisedolobheni ngokukhulisa izenzakalo zemvula, ukunwebela isomiso, nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle. Izimiso zokulawula ezinciphileyo zihlanganisa izinqubo zokulawula ezivumela ukufunda nokulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha amaningi manje aklama izakhiwo zamanzi anamandla engeziwe okuhlalisa ukwanda kwemvula enkulu. I-Policies ikhuthaza futhi amakhambi asekelwe ku-[[[FLT:]] anjenge-wetland ebuyisela ulwazi, i-atlainfitgradion, kanye nokwanda kwezihlahla zasedolobheni, okunikeza izinzuzo eziguquguqukayo, nezingashintshashintshayo njengezimo.

Ukusabela Kwemithetho Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Emhlabeni wonke, amadolobha nezindawo kuyizimiso ezintsha zokunciphisa ithonya lasemadolobheni.

Izakhiwo eziluhlaza kanye nentuthuko ephansi

Izakhiwo zezakhiwo zemvelo (GI) zibhekisela ezicini eziningi ezingokwemvelo nezingangeni manzi avuthuzayo emthonjeni wazo. Imikhuba ejwayelekile ye-GI ihlanganisa izingadi zemvula, uphahla oluluhlaza, imizila evulekile, i-bioswales, nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezakhiweyo. Esikhundleni sokuthumela umhubhe ngamapayipi ezindaweni zokwelapha eziphakathi, i-GI ikhuthaza ukushendezwa, i-evapotlanspiration, kanye nokusetshenziswa.

  • Abanikazi bezindawo abafaka iGI bancishiswa imali yamanzi esiphepho
  • Izinguquko ezisetshenziswayo ezinciphisa izimfuneko ezimbalwa zokupaka noma ezivumela imigwaqo emincane
  • Izimfuneko zeGI eziphoqelelayo zokuthuthukisa nokuvuselela
  • Izivumelwano zomphakathi zomphakathi ezilinganayo nezingangeni-kakhulu (isib., iGreen City yasePhiladelphia, uhlelo oluhlanzekile lwamanzi)

I-Philadelphia iminyaka engu-25, amapulani ayizigidi ezingu-2,4 (R2,4,4 000 000) angenye yezinyathelo eziphambili zezakhiwo eziphambili eziluhlaza e-United States. Ngokuguqula izindawo ezingavikelekile zibe izindawo eziluhlaza, idolobha lihlose ukuthatha amaphesenti angu-85 omthamo wendle ogcwele, ukunciphisa ukungcola kube yiDelaware neSchuylkill River.

Izitolo Zokomisa Amanzi Ezinomsoco

Amathuluzi ezomnotho anjengezinga lamanzi avumela imithombo yasemadolobheni yokungcola (umz., imvume yesiphepho) ukuthenga izikweleti emikhankasweni yezolimo noma yokulondoloza imvelo enciphisa izakhi ngezindleko eziphansi. IChessake Bay Program isungule uhlelo oluqinile lokuhweba ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-TMDL ze-oxygen ne-phosphos. I-Urbalter effectiveter ingakhokha abalimi ukukhokha izindleko zokukhokha izilimo, izinqoloba, noma ukubuyisela amanzi, ukuzuza izinga elibizayo elilinganayo eliyinzuzo kunezindawo ezimanyene zasedolobhethe.

Ngokufanayo, uMfula i-Ohio u-Mount Water Monitive uhlanganisa izitshalo zamandla, izinto ezingcolisa amanzi angcolile, kanye nabakhiqizi bezolimo emakethe yokuthenga ngesikweleti ezindaweni eziningi. Lezinhlelo zidinga ukuqashelwa nokuqiniswa okuqinile kodwa zinikeza indlela ethambile yokwehla kokungcola emadolobheni acwiliswe.

Isivikelo Nokubuyiselwa Kwethuna Elinebhayisekili Eliyi - Riparian

Izifunda eziningi manje eVirginia ziyagunyaza noma zilinganise ukulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa kwezikhawu ezikhuphukayo ezisemaceleni emifuleni nasemifuleni. Ngokwesibonelo, iChesapeake Bay Leave Leave Act eVirginia ifuna ukuba izindawo ezibonisa iNcedo Yokhuseleko lwezeNtlanganiso (RPAS) nezivalekelayo ezisemathunjini ayikhulu. Ngokufanayo, i-Norrath Riparian Better Templity Provition Acts[[[[FLLT:3]] isithintela intuthuko phakathi kwamamitha angu-50 amanzi athile. Lezizibambo zokuvikela imfucuthi, izinga, inikeza umthunzi, futhi inikeza izilwane zasendle ezihlala ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu emadolobheni.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Emthethweni Oncishisiwe Wasemadolobheni

Ukuhlola izibonelo zezwe langempela kuqokomisa indlela izimiso ezingaphumelela ngayo — noma ukulwa — ukubhekana nethonya lokushintsha amadolobheni.

Ukuvuselelwa KoMfula iLos Angeles

Uma isiyindlela yokulawula isikhukhula sikakhonkolo, uMfula iLos Angeles manje usugxile emishinini yokubuyisela eyizigidigidi zamaRandi. IButho lempi lase-U.S. i-Engineers, kanye nezinhlangano zendawo, seliqalile ukususa ukhonkolo, ukubuyisela amabhange emvelo, nokudala amaphakethe emvula. Izinguquko zemithetho zihlanganisa icebo eliphambili lomfula onikezelwe, ukuvala izakhiwo ezisibekela imingcele embobo eseduze komfuleni, kanye nemisebenzi encishiswayo enciphisa udoti namagciwane imithwalo. Nakuba izinselele zilokhu zikhona ngenxa yokungcola okungabangela imfucucumfucu nemfucu. Isakhiwo sibonisa ukuthi ngisho nemifula ehlala emadolobheni ingabuyiselwa ngokuzini okunga okungantenga okungantenga okunga okungantenga ezombangazwe kanye nesibopho sezimali.

Uhlelo lwamanzi Ahlanzekile Akhuthele, Amahle ESingapore

ISingapore, idolobha elineziqhingana eziningi elinabantu, yaguqula isimiso sayo sokulawula amanzi esiphepho ngohlelo lweManzi aMahle, Ahlanzekile (ABC Amanzi). Esikhundleni samapayipi kakhonkolo, uhlelo luguqula imisele namadamu awenziwe ngezindawo zokuzilibazisa ezinezindawo ezingokwemvelo, amaxhaphozi, kanye nezici zamanzi. I-Pricies idinga intuthuko entsha ukuze ikwazi ukuhlanganisa nokuvalelwa emanzini asesiphelweni esinesiphepho, nokwelashwa, kuyilapho imikhankani yomphakathi ikhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba zamukele ukulondoloza amanzi nemikhuba yokuwavimbela. Umphumela umphumela uyindlela yokuzikhuthazo eyenza amanzi abe ngokwemvelo futhi abonakale futhi ayigugu, ukunciphisa ukungcola nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila.

IPortland, i-Oregon's Green's ukuthatha isinyathelo kuqala

I-Portland’s Grey to Green program, eyasungulwa ngo-2008, ihlanganisa izisekelo zezenhlala-khona eziluhlaza kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi. Idolobha labiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-55 ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ukuze kufakwe imigwaqo eluhlaza, i-ecoroofs, nezitshalo zezihlahla, kuyilapho futhi kutholakala futhi kuvuselelwe izindawo ezingokwemvelo ngase-Willamette River kanye nezinhlangothi zayo ezinzima. Amathuluzi omthetho ahlanganisa incwadi yokulawula amanzi asesiphephweni esinesiphephwini nemigangatho ye-LID, ikhodi edinga uphahla oluluhlaza oluphezulu ezakhiweni ezintsha ezinobukhulu obuthile, nesakhiwo senkokhezo esikhokhelo esivuse. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukusondela kwezwe kuya phansi kwemisebe emanzini kusuka kusuka ku-80% ezindaweni ezithuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe i-smolm.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Zokulawula Inqubo

Naphezu kwentuthuko, imingcele ephawulekayo ivimbela ukwamukela izinqubo eziphumelelayo zokuqondisa ezisebenza emadolobheni.

  • Ukukhokha nokuxhasa: Ukufaneleka kwezakhiwo zasemadolobheni ezikhona ezinezici eziluhlaza kuyabiza. Amadolobha amaningi alwela ukukhokha imali enikezelwe, ethatha isikhathi eside. Ama-atmoster anezinga lokusetshenziswa kwemali eyandayo, kodwa izinga lenyuka libhekene nokuphikiswa kwezombangazwe.
  • Imingcele encishisiwe ehambisana nemithetho ye-athom]. Izinhlangano eziningi ``muninicalipal, isifundazwe, isifundazwe, uhulumeni/'onganekwa noma imithwalo yemfanelo engqubuzanayo yokusebenzisa izwe, izinga lamanzi, kanye nokulawula isikhukhula. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo kuyanzima.
  • I-Palithical Will and Public Awarereness:[ Isivikelo esichithiwe singaba isivikelo esiphezulu kubaphathi abakhethiwe, ikakhulukazi lapho bencintisana nezindlu, intuthuko yezomnotho, noma izidingo zokuhamba. Ukuqonda komphakathi ukuthi izenzo ngazinye zithinta kanjani impilo entengantengayo ngokuvamile kuncipha.
  • Ukungaqiniseki: Izindinganiso zokuklama ezisekelwe emniningwaneni yemvula engokomlando zinganganele izimo zesikhathi esizayo. Abenzi bomthetho kumelwe baxabane nokungaqiniseki lapho betshala isakhiwo esihlala isikhathi eside.
  • i-'ective Consurects':[ ngokomlando, iqoqo elifinyeleliyo nemiphakathi enemibala egqamile iye yathwala umthwalo ongenakulinganiswa wokungcola nokukhukhula kwasemadolobheni. I-Procie egxile ekungcoliseni okuluhlaza kungaqhubeki phambili ngokungaqondi ukuhlanganisa nokuthatha indawo uma kungahlangene nezivikelo ezingcono zokuhlala.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zomthetho Oncishisiwe Ekuhwebeni Izindawo

Uma sibheka phambili, cishe ukuthambekela okuningana kuyothonya isizukulwane esilandelayo sezimiso zokuqondisa ezichithwayo.

Amathuluzi Okusebenza Nokuphatha Amanzi Ngobuciko

Intuthuko ezinzweni zomzimba, ekuhlolweni kokwaziswa, nasekuhlolweni kwemishini kwenza ukuba kuqashelwe izenzakalo zamanzi acwengile ngempela. Izimiso zamanzi ezihlakaniphile zingalungisa amazinga okuhamba ezindaweni ezinamadamu ezigcinwayo ezisekelwe ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu, ukunciphisa ingozi kazamcolo kuyilapho uthuthukisa izinga lamanzi. Amawele anezilinganiso ze-athonsi (amanani) awenziwe ngemishini encishisiwe − izicwangciso zokulingisa ukungenela nokuhlola ngaphambi kokuthatha inhloko- dolobha. Izimiso ezisekela ukuhlangana kokwaziswa okuvulekile nokusetshenziswa ekuhloleni izinhlelo zemishini zithuthukisa amandla okusebenza.

Amakhambi Emvelo Nokuklanywa Kwayo

Umqondo wamadolobha "eChina na"amanzi anezinqubo zasemadolobheni ezizwelayo" e-Australia umelela ukushintshwa kokusebenza ngezinqubo ezingokwemvelo kunokumelene nazo. Lezi zindlela ezihlanganisa amanzi anesiphepho angena emanzini, ukugawulwa kwamanzi emvula, nezindawo ezingamadolobha ezilinganayo ezilinganisweni zendawo. Amapulani agunyaza ukukhiqizwa kwemiklamo eluhlaza noma adinga i-netha enethiwekhi ephumayo ngenxa yentuthuko entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, SATYLE Greenty Factor idinga isilinganiso esincane esisekelwe ezingeni zendawo ezinjengophahla otshani, izinga lemvula, izihlahla, ukuqhuba abathuthukisi bemvelo ukuze bafake iprojective.

Ukuhlolwa Okusekelwe Kumphakathi Nokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Ukunika izakhamuzi zendawo amandla okuhlola izinga lamanzi, ukubika izinkinga, nokuhlanganyela ekuhleleni amanzi kungakha ukwethembana futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela. Izinhlelo ezinjenge ICizen Science yeChesapeake Bay[ isitimela esisebenza ngokuzithandela ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kokucwenga kwamanzi, ukuncibilika komoya-oksijini, kanye nokufakwa komgogodla. Uhlelo olufaka ngokomthetho imininingwane yomphakathi ezinqumweni zokulawula lungasiza ekugcwaliseni izikhala phakathi kwezindawo lapho kufakwa impatho. Izimiso ezihambisana nezimiso ezingasekwehlise ukuhwebela izimali zomphakathi emiphakathini esendaweni engoko engoko ngokomthetho.

Isiphetho: Ukubuyisela Izigwegwe Zasedolobheni

Ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezihlala khona kuzoqhubeka kuqhubeke nokukhishwa amanzi aphinde aphele amashumi eminyaka ezayo. Imiphumela iyanda : ukukhuliswa kwe-gadef, ukungcola, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, nokuguqulwa kwama - hydrologsy(deman) ukuziphendukela okungaguquguquki ezimisweni zokuphatha ezisusiwe. Ukusondela okuqinile, okunesisekelo kuphela akwanele. Izimiso eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo ezihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa: ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokuphatha amanzi, ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezimpunga nezophakamile, ukuhlanganisa izisekelo ezihlanganisa izimfuno eziqinile nezimiso zezezomnotho, kanye nokusebenza kwemiphakathi njengezisebenzi ezikhuthele.

Izibonelo zezimiso eziphumelelayo zezenqubo ePhiladelphia ukuya ePortland zibonisa ukuthi intuthuko enenjongo ingenzeka, ngisho nasezindaweni ezizungezile ezakhiwe ngokuminyene. Nokho izinselele eziphikelelayo `intengo, ukuhlukana, ukungaqiniseki, nokungaqiniseki − kumelwe kukhulunywe ngokuzimisela okuqinile kwezombangazwe kanye nezinqubo zezezimali ezintsha. Indawo ezungezile ngokwayo kufanele isiqondise: Amanzi anempilo ancishisiwe anganciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa kwamanzi, anciphe umonakalo, futhi anikeze izikhala zomphakathi ezinomsila. Ngokuhlela isimiso esinezimiso zemvelo, singakha amadolobha angenamandla kodwa anamandla kakhulu. Ikusasa lamadolobhamu lixhomeke emithethweni ezindaweni eziphuculwayo lixhomeke emithethweni leyo ebhekwa njengemfucukweni engalahlwanga, kodwa njengempahla eyigugu yokusetshenziswa.