Isifungo sesikhundla singaphezu komthetho-sisekelo wemikhosi; siwuphawu olunamandla olusekelwe kuhulumeni. Kodwa ithonya lawo lidlulela kude kakhulu kunyakazo wokubusa. Kusukela ekuthuthumeleni kukaGeorge Washington esandleni seBhayibheli esiboshwe kumaMasonic ukuya embukisweni wanamuhla wembukwaneni eqoshiwe eCapitol Rotunda, isifungo sobumongameli sishintshele embukisweni weSikhungo sobukhosi saseMelika. Kodwa ithonya laso lidlulela kude kakhulu kuleyondawo yokunikezelwa kwesivumelwano. Lesi sihloko sihlola izithembiso esisho ukuthi `````averebe' sithatha indawo yempi yemithetho yesizwe, izibalo zezindaba zanamuhla, nendwangu yezindaba zansuku zonke zenkulumo yezombangazwe. Ukuqonda indlela izingxoxo zakudala ezidinga ngayo ukuhlola hhayi nje kuphela umbhalo wesifungo ngokwaso kodwa nezikhathi ezingokomlando lapho lawo mazwi aphikisana neqiniso. Lesi sihloko sihlola isithimbelo esijulile esijulile sezezombangazwe esihlala njalo, ukuchaza incazelo sezombangazwe, ukulandisa kwezombangazwe.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo: Akuyona Impindiselo

Isifungo sikamongameli sihlanganiswe eSiphakamisweni II, Ingxenye 1, u-Claus 8 woMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., ogunyaza: " ngaphambi kokuba angene ekwahlulelweni kwehhovisi lakhe, uzothatha lokhu okulandelayo: `Impela' noma i-Afrences' ngifunga ukuthi ngizokwenza i-ofisi kaMongameli (noma ngiqinisekisa) ngiyoyikhipha ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngiyoyisebenzise engcono kakhulu ekhonweni yami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele umongameli we-Themperality ye-United States.[[FLT:] [[3]] Lolimi lukhethwe ngokucophelela ngabalawuli ukuba babophe umthetho omkhulu wezwe. Ngokungafani nezifungo ezithathwa amalungu embusweni noma izikhulu, umongameli udinga umongameli obala i-presidentialgne [Fod], futhi uvikela isibopho somthetho womthetho owedwa ngaphandle kwesoliwe.[F.[3][3] futhi uvini oluthentimentime

UGeorge Washington, eqaphela kakhulu ukuthi zonke izenzakalo azibekayo zazingabumba isikhundla, wanezela inkulumo ethi "Ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" ngemva kokusho isifungo, isiko eliye lalandelwa. Lomcimbi ongokwenkolo, nakuba kungewona umthetho odingeke, uye waba isisekelo esingokwesiko. Isenzo sokufunga ngeBhayibheli, ngokuvamile esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni zomkhaya, sihlanganisa imikhosi nencazelo yomuntu siqu nengokomlando. Lokhu kuvumelana ngenxa yokuthi baguqula imfuneko engokomthetho ibe yisivumelwano somphakathi kuphela, kodwa nesithembiso esenziwa esizweni esibukele.

Isihlwathi Njengencwadi Ephilayo

UMthetho-sisekelo awugunyazi ukuthi ubani ongase enze isifungo, futhi awuchazi ukuthi kufanele sibhalwe kanjani. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, isifungo siye sashiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kakhulu: emuva kwemoto yesitimela (Calvin Coolidge ngemva kokufa kuka-Warren Harning's fa okungalindelekile), endizeni (Lyndon B. Johnson uCompiney One ngemva kukaJohn F. Kennedy), futhi ngaphakathi eWhite House (Indlu Emhlophe (Ingalandeli i-Richard Nixon's). Isimo ngasinye siveza amandla ayingqayizivele adonselekayo. Ukuvuleka kwesifungo . Ikhono lokusebenza esimweni esibucayi sokuphothayo sithinta amandla amakhulu nakancane?

Omongameli Bomlando Nesigungu Sezolimo

Igebe phakathi kokufunga nokugcina isifungo kuye kwaba yindaba yempikiswano enkulu yomlando nezombangazwe. Omongameli ababebusa phakathi nezimo ezingavamile bembula indlela isifungo esingaba ngayo yisihlangu nenkemba.

U - Abraham Lincoln: Isigxobo Sempi

UAbraham Lincoln wathatha isifungo sesikhundla ngoMatshi 4, 1861, edolobheni elikhulu eligcwele amabutho nokwesaba ukumiswa. Ikheli lakhe lokuqala, elanikezwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesifungo, lifana nenye yezinkulumo ezilandelana kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika. ULincoln wavuma isifungo esisifungo esicacile: [[[FLT:]"" kungani kungafanele kube khona ukuqiniseka okunesineke ekulungeni lokugcina kobulungisa babantu? Ingabe likhona ithemba elingcono noma elilinganayo emhlabeni? [[FLT.]] Wabe esecela isibopho sakhe somthetho-sisekelo sokuvikela, nokuvikela i-Union Union. Kamuva, phakathi neMpi yomphakathi, iLincoln, izenzo ezithetheleleyolishwawawawa, isithi Sova iSoppas, ivimbela amatheku, futhi i-Euppane, i-Plance procencesss (up) esekela i-Plancess) elungele ukuvikela uhulumeni wakhe futhi uhulumeni wakhe. [upducie, futhi umbusi osekela ngokulandela ngokulandela icebo elinguwonke.

UFranklin: IOath Ne - New Deal

Lapho uFranklin D. Roosevelt efunga ngo-1933, ukuVumelana Okukhulu Kwezomnotho kwakuqedile ukholo kuhulumeni. Ekuqaleni kwakhe kokuqala, wamemezela ngokudume ukuthi okuwukuphela kwento yokwesaba kwakuwukwesaba. Kodwa izimiso zakhe ezalandelayo .Izinhlelo zeNew Deal ezandisa amandla kahulumeni ngokuphawulekayo (8) nezinselele ze-ogrand system eState. Roosevelt yayikuphikisa ukuthi wayefuna ukuba athathe isinyathelo ngasinye esidingekile sokuvikela intengosikozo nesisekelo sesizwe. Lapho iNkantolo yahlasela umthetho we-New Fareal, Rooselt yahloba icebo "uk-pacting" icebo, elalizomvumela ukuba afake ubulungisa obunozwelayo. Abagxeki bamangalela ukuthi lokhu kululaza umoya wakhe ngokuzama ukulahla i-Roseltiactive. Wayivikela i-"igorist"ivikela i-buthessss, i-busovior idinga umviko wobu ngokomthetho wanamuhla.

URichard Nixon: I - oath Deach

Umongameli uRichard Nixon unikeza isibonelo sanamuhla esicacile kakhulu sesifungo esibonakala saso sophulwa. Ngo- 1974, iKomiti ye House Judicary yagunyaza izihloko zokungagunyazi ukuhlasela uNixon ngokuphazamisa kobulungisa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kombuso, nokudelelwa kwe-Congress. Umbiko wekomiti ubhekisela ngokucacile esifungo sobumongameli, uveza ukuthi izenzo zikaNixon − kuhlanganise nesigqubu se-atergate-in nezindlela zezinhlangano zikahulumeni zokuhlulwa i-Proutences ukuhlulwa abaphikisi bezombangazwe, ukukhaphela isibopho sakhe sokubulala ihhovisi ngokwethembeka. [[FLT:] [Foct] [Foct:] [iright:] isho intery allustrationssssssss (intember) ebona imiphumela engokomthetho wobubhicineyo, lapho iveza ukukhohloka okungokomthetho kwezeleleka. Imposo engokomthetho wakwayo.

IOath Njengesikhali Esiwusongo Kwezombangazwe Zesikhathi Esizayo

Inkulumo yezombangazwe yanamuhla igcwele izikhombo zesifungo sikamongameli. abezombangazwe, abahlaziyi, nabashisekeli bayinxusa ngezindlela ezifanelekile ukuba ithathe izikhundla ezingokomthetho noma iqede abaphikisi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okungenaluzwela kuye kwakhula ngokuhlukana kwezombangazwe zaseMelika nomjikelezo wezindaba wamahora angu - 24.

Ukunxusa Isihlahla Ezimpikiswaneni Zemithetho

Lapho izinkulumo - mpikiswano zomongameli weSishaya - mthetho mayelana nemithetho yempi − izikhulu zempi, iziyalezo eziphetheyo, noma izincazelo zesivumelwano . Izifungo zivame ukubonakala njengethuluzi lokuphoqa. Abaphikisi besenzo sikamongameli bangase baphikise ukuthi isenzo siphula isifungo, kuyilapho abavikeli bethi siyasigcwalisa. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nezimpikiswano zezenzo zobuphathi kuMongameli Barack Obama, abagxeki bagomela ukuthi ukuvala iSishaya-mfundazelo sakhe ukuba uwiswe ngokwethembeka""isigaba esihlobene eduze nesifungo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi izenzo zakhe zazivumelana nokusebenza kobudodaba lomthetho futhi ukuthi ukuhluleka ukwenza ngokubhekene nesigaba somthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho ngokwako ngokwako kuyoba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Isifungo siba yi-'i-''i-FLD [FF]

I - oath Kuyi - Media Commentary Ne - Universition

Izikhangiso zemithombo yezindaba zivame ukuhlanganisa izimpikiswano zomongameli uDonald Trump, ngokwesifungo. Lapho umongameli emangalelwa ngokonakala, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya, noma ukungafaneleki, abahlaziyi bayabuza: ingabe umongameli uye wasigcina isifungo sakhe? Lokhu kubeka izifungo zomphakathi futhi kungaqhubeki nemiphumela yezombangazwe. Ukungagunyazi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump, ngokwesibonelo, kwahlanganisa izihloko eziyekwayo zokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nokuvinjelwa kweSishayamthetho. Njengoba iAtlantic yabika impikiswano ka-Atlantic, i-Ukraine yayichazwa kaningi ngokuthi inselelekile yempi yezombangazwe ukuphenya iphikiswa kwesinqumo sakhe "ukugcina isigwebo" ihhovisi. ISigeqe seNka sahlawulo, kodwa impikiswano ngokwayo yabonisa ukukhomba izifungo kombuyiselo kwezombangazwe. [FLD:0]

Izingxabano Ezingalingani Nezentengiselwano

Enye yentuthuko enkulu enkulu enkulumweni yamanje ukuphikisana okuhlukanisa kakhulu kokuthi i-Republican isho ukuthini ukugcinwa kwesifungo. AmaDemocrates namaRepublicans avame ukuchaza izimfuneko zesifungo ngokuhlukile, ikakhulukazi uma umongameli engoweqembu labo. Phakathi neTrump demogracy, ngokwesibonelo, amaRepublican amaningi aphikisa ukuthi isifungo sibopha umongameli ukuba afunde umongameli ngokufunda uMthetho-sisekelo, asekele umbono omncane wamandla ophethe. Okwamanje, uDemocrates uphikisa ukuthi isifungo sifuna isenzo esiqinile sokuvikela izinhlangano zentando yeningi, ngisho noma kusho igunya elikhulu. Lezi zincazelo ezifanele zemfundo nje azinazolwazi; zithonya indlela umongameli abheka ngayo ukuziphatha nendlela izikhulu ezikhetha ngayo ukuvikelwa kwazo ekutholeni kwabo amandla okubusayo, ukusekela, nokuqondisa. Isibonisi sesibuko seze yaveza ukuhlukana kwezentebe.

Ioath Njengesibonakaliso Sokulandisa Kwezombangazwe

Ngaphandle kobuciko, isifungo sisebenza njengebhentshi yecala lokulandisa emikhakheni eminingana eqinile: ukuqulwa kwamacala, ukugcinwa kwezimiso zomthetho, nokuthenjwa umphakathi.

Ukubusa Nesifuba

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza ukuba umongameli asuswe esikhundleni ngokungagunyazwa, nokuqiniseka kwe-, "Isizathu, Ukufumbathisa, noma okunye ubugebengu obuphakeme nobudume". Isifungo somongameli asibalwanga ngokucacile njengecala elingalawuleki, kodwa sesiye saba indinganiso eqinisekile ukuthi ukuziphatha okungamelwe kubekwe kuphi. IKomiti ye House Judicary ibekwe intengo ngo-1940: [[FLY:0]" ekuqiniseni uMthetho-sisekelo, abantu base-United States babeka ithemba labo kuMongameli ukuba baqaphele ukuthi uMthetho uqediwe ngokwethembeka. [[FL] [FL:] Lo mbono uye waphindisa ngokunyeliswa okulandelayo.[FON]

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nesihlwathi

Imithetho yezimiso ifuna ukuba zonke izisebenzi zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nomongameli, zigweme izingxabano zesithakazelo futhi zenze ngokungakhethi. Nakuba umongameli engangaphansi kwemithetho elwayo efuna ukuthathelwa phambili imithetho ngendlela efanayo nezinye izisebenzi zamagatsha eziphetheyo, isifungo siphoqelela isibopho esibanzi. Omongameli abasebenzisa isikhundla sabo ukuze bazuze ngokwezimali ngokwezimali ("ngezebhizinisi lakwamanye amazwe, ukuzisebenzela, noma ukwamukela izipho), bavame ukumangalelwa ngokwephula isithembiso esiyinhloko sokuthatha isinyathelo esingokwenzuzo yomphakathi. Ukungavumelani kweseluleko somthetho sokwahlulela ngokwezezimali ngokwezezimali ("ngendlela yokusebenza kwezentengiselwano, [[FLT]) noma ukucindezelwa kwezombangazwe okungaqondakaliyo.[FLT]] [FLT]]] Imithetho ethile ayikwenziwa ukuba umongameli asebenzise umongameli, kodwa lokhu akuyenzi isifungo somthetho. Uma kuphikisana nomthetho othile, uma kungasho lutho oluqinile, uma kungasetshenziswangagunyazwanga.

Ukwethenjwa Omphakathi Nesifungo

Ekugcineni, amandla esifungo axhomeke ekukholelweni komphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi umongameli uthatha isifungo ngokungathi sína futhi siboshwe yiso, isifungo siqinisa izifungo zentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi ziba nezinsolo − uma zibheka isifungo njengesingenanjongo − kanjalo ikhono lazo lokunqanda ukuziphatha kwesikhulu . Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ukuthembela komphakathi kuhulumeni kuye kwehla phezu kwengxenye yesigaba esidlule sobumongameli, futhi mhlawumbe, ukugxambukela kwayo kubhekwa njengobungcwele besifungo sobumongameli. Nakuba kunjalo nasenkathini yokungakholwa, isifungo sihlala sicacile. Lapho umongameli eqaphela ukuthi uphule isifungo, ukuthukuthela obala ngokuvamile kulandela. Isifungo sihlala siyikhalo lokulandisa, ngisho noma siphumelela kwayo.

Ukuchaza Umthetho - sisekelo Nesihlwathi

Isifungo sibuye sihlele indlela amongameli abaqonda ngayo incazelo yomthetho-sisekelo. Ukuqonda kukamongameli ukuthi kusho ukuthini "ukulondoloza, ukuvikela, nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo" kuthinta ukumiswa kokwahlulela, iziyalezo eziphethe, kanye nelungelo lokuphatha.

Ukuqamba Kwakuqala Okuphikisana Nomthetho - sisekelo Ophilayo

Abaholi abanamathela emfundisweni yomthetho-sisekelo wokuqala, − umbono wokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo kufanele uchazwe njengezifektha zawo ukuqonde lokhu − ngokusho isifungo njengesibophayo kubo ekuthembekeni kwemibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli uRonald Reagan noMongameli Trump bobabili abamisiwe njengabahluleli abamisiwe futhi baphikisa ukuthi isifungo sabo sasidinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile emfundweni yasekuqaleni yoMthetho-sisekelo. Ngokungafani, ababusi abamukela "Umthetho-sisekelo ophilayo" umbono owe-"", ukuthi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo iqala umphakathi (8) ukuchaza isifungo njengokuphoqelela ukwethembeka ezinjongweni ezinkulu zomthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-sisekelo nasezindinganiso, hhayi nje kuphela. Umongameli u-Fransieton Rooselt noMongameli womasterinterdon Johnson bobabili bafaka lokhu kuqondana. Lokhu kuveza ukungafani kobuhlakani obungokwesayensi; bamane nje babumba imithetho yezizwe ngemithetho yezizwe futhi babumba izifungo.

Iziqondiso Zesimiso Nesihlwathi

Iziqondiso eziphetheyo ngokuvamile zibhekene nezinselele ezingokomthetho ezisekelwe ezisekelweni zokuthi badlula igunya lobukhoma elingokomthetho, okuthi kamuva kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nesifungo. Abaphikisi bomyalo wegunya bangase baphikise ngokuthi kuphula ukwahlukana kwemibuso noma ubuzwe, futhi kanjalo kuveza ukwephulwa kwesifungo sikamongameli sokusekela uMthetho-sisekelo. Abaxhasi bangase baphikise ukuthi uhlelo lwegunya lobumongameli luwukusebenzisa ngokomthetho igunya lomongameli phakathi kwesifungo. Ngezinye izikhathi izifungo zibhekisela ekufungweni kwabo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuthathwa ukuthi izenzo zikamongameli zidlula imingcele eMthethweni yomthetho. Isibonelo, [[FLTB:0] [iright shonds] i-headt shop & Tube. Coy. v. [FLProm:] [5], (192], iNkakhulu leNkakhulu leNkameli lihlasela i-Truman’inkulu lempini yempimpi yakwa phakathi nempikiswa yempikiswa yeMpi ye-Korea phakathi kwezempimpi yase-Korea, i-Australia, i-Urreyibhishoshoshosho

IOath Namandla Omongameli Ezindaba Zakwamanye Amazwe

Izindaba zamazwe ziveza izinselele eziyingqayizivele zokwethembeka kuthembekile. UMthetho-sisekelo unika umongameli igunya elikhulu njengomphathi-nhloko nomphathi-mmeli, kodwa futhi ulondoloza amagunya athile njengokungathi kumenyezelwa impi futhi kuvivinywe izivumelwano. / kweyamaKhomishane. Abameli abasuka kuJefferson ukuya ku-Obama baye bakhipha imvume yokulwa ngaphandle kokugunyaza ukumiswa kwesivumelwano, bephikisa ukuthi umsebenzi wesifungo wokuvikela isizwe uvuna izenzo ezinjalo. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi lencazelo ilulaza ukwahlukana kwamandla futhi iphula imfuneko yesifungo sokuhlola "Scriver, ivikele, futhi ivikele" isimo somthetho-sisekelo sezwe njengendawo ehlangene. Impikiswano ngezindawo zempi eziqinile zenkulumo yomthetho-mthetho-mthetho wezwe, nezifungo ezisebenza njengephuzu eliphindaphindwayo ezinhlangothini zombili. [FL:] [F.]

Isicathulo Nendawo Yanamuhla Ezungezile Yemithombo Yezindaba

Kulenkathi yezezindaba zezenhlalo nemithombo yezindaba ehlukene, isifungo somongameli siye sathatha isilinganiso esisha. Inkulumo ngayinye kamongameli, isenzo sokuphatha, noma ihlazo ihlolwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvumelane nesifungo. Lokhu kuhlola 24/7 kungandisa ukubaluleka kwesifungo noma kusenze sithathwe kalula, kuye ngomongo.

Ukwethembeka Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nezenhlalo

Manje abameli baxhumana ngokuqondile nomphakathi phakathi kwamapulatifomu anjenge-twitter (manje engu X), i-Facebook, ne-Instagram. Lokhu kuxhumana okuqondile kudlula izihluzo zezezindaba ezingokwesiko kodwa futhi kwakha amathuba amasha okusebenzisa isifungo. Uma umongameli esho okuthile okubonakala kuphikisana nemisebenzi yabo yomthetho-sisekelo − njengokusongela abaphikisi bezombangazwe ngokushushiswa noma ukudumisa omashiqela bangaphandle − bawabeka umthetho ngokushesha ngokuphula isifungo. Abasekeli bangaphikisana ngokuthi umongameli umane uveza imibono, hhayi nje abenzi umsebenzi wesikhundla esingokomthetho. Umugqa phakathi kwenkulumo yabo yomuntu siqu nesenzo segunya ufiphaza indlela isifungo esiqondwa futhi siphoqwa ngayo.

Ukudukiswa Kwezindaba Nesifuba

Abaholi abasakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo baphakamisa izimpikiswano ezihlukile ngokuphathelene nesifungo. Isifungo sifuna umongameli ukuba "asebenzise ngokwethembeka" ihhovisi, abaningi abalichaza njengesibopho sokuba neqiniso kubantu baseMelika. Umongameli okhuluma amanga njalo angase abekwe icala lokululaza inkulumo yentando yeningi nokuphula ukuthenjelwa okuphelele esifungweni. Phakathi nomqedazwe we-COVID-19, ngokwesibonelo, abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ngalesosikhathi umsunguli we-Trump u-Trump umlomo okhohlisayo ngezinga legciwane nokwelashwa okungaphucuzeki kuso ukuze avikele isizwe. Abalweli baphikisa ngokuthi isifungo asidingi ukunemba okuphelele nokuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi umongameli uye wasebenzisa ngokusho okuyimfihlo. Le ngxoxo igcizelela impikiswano yokwaziswa endaweni lapho iqiniso ngokwalo lincintisana khona.

Isikhungo Somkhankaso

Abafeli be-presidenti bavame ukunxusa abameleli ukuba bafunge phakathi nemikhankaso, bethembisa ukuthi "bagcine uMthetho-sisekelo" noma "balawule isizwe." Lokhu kukhuluma kungadala amathemba ayoba amafaktha kamuva ahlola umsebenzi kamongameli. Uma umongameli enza ngokungefani nezithembiso zomkhankaso, abaphikisi bangaphikisa ngokuthi isifungo sephulwe. Ngaleyondlela isifungo sihlanganisa umkhankaso wokulawula isimo, siyenze kube nzima kakhulu ukuba amongameli baphume ezibophweni ezisehhovisi. Leli thonya likhulunywe ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezinjengokufuduka, ukuhwebela, ukuhweba, nokulondeka kwesizwe, lapho igebe phakathi kwezithembiso zomkhankaso nomthetho we-clistric.

Izinselele Zokuphumelela Kwesifuba

Naphezu kwamandla aso ahlala njalo, isifungo somongameli sibhekene nezinselele ezibalulekile ekhulwini lama - 21 leminyaka.

Ukungahlangani Ngokomthetho Nezombangazwe

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ukuthi amongameli bajabulela ukuvikeleka okukhulu ekuphathweni kwemithetho ngenxa yezenzo ezingokomthetho, futhi iHhovisi Lomthetho Lezeluleko Sezomthetho sekuyisikhathi eside lisekela ukuthi umongameli ohlezi phansi akanakulahlwa. Lokhu kugunyazwa okungokomthetho kungadala igebe phakathi kwesithembiso sesithembiso sokuziphendulela nokusebenza. Uma umongameli engenakubhekana nokuvinjelwa okuqinile lapho esehhovisi, futhi uma ukungavumelani kuyinqubo yezombangazwe kunenqubo yokwahlulela, khona isithembiso sesithembiso sokubulala ngokuthembeka singancikeka kakhulu enyangweni yezombangazwe nasemfuthonyeni yomphakathi. Uma lawo mandla ebuthakathaka ekubekeni umthetho, ukukhohlakazwa komphakathi, noma ukukhokhwa kwemimiselo esemthethweni kungase kunciphe. Ezinye izazi ezingokomthetho ziye zahlongoza ukuhlelwa kokuthiswa kwesivumelwano, njengoba kuveza ukukhokhwakhwazwa kwesivumelwano esingokomthetho, kodwa kuxhomeke esingokomthetho kwezemthetho.

Ukwenziwa Kwelanga Nesicaba

Ukuhlanganisa isifungo kuqeda ikhono lesifungo lokusebenza njengendinganiso eyodwa. Uma abavoti nabezombangazwe bengasavumelani ngamaqiniso ayisisekelo noma izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, isifungo singaba i-cudgel ehlukanisayo kunokuba sibe isibopho esihlanganisayo. Endaweni ehlukene, isenzo esifanayo − njengamandla aphezulu noma ukumelana nokubekwa indinganiso kwemithetho ye-gundane. Ukwenqabela lokhu kungazibheka isibopho esivuseneyo somthetho wonke, kodwa ukufinyelela esinye isifungo njengokugcwaliseka kwaso. Lokhu kuphikisana kungaphazamisa inqubo yokuziphendulela isibopho, njengokungahloniphikiswa, futhi kunciphise igunya lesifungo njengomthombo wemithetho engokomthetho yezombangazwe. Ukwehlula lokhu kuthatha isibopho esivusemgangeni elihlangene, kodwa ukufinyelela ukuvumelana okunjalo kubonakale kuyinto engathi kuyinto engathi iyafinyelelwayo.

Imbulunga Yonke Nemibono Eqhathaniswayo

I-United States ayiyodwa efuna inhloko yayo yezwe ukuba ifunge. Imibuso eminingi yentando yeningi inezimfuneko ezifanayo, futhi ukuqhathanisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo kungakhanyisa amandla nobuthakathaka bokusondela kwaseMelika. EFrance, umongameli ufunga ukuthi "gcina ubuqotho bendawo yesizwe" no"ukuqinisekisa inhlonipho ngoMthetho-sisekelo"ne". EJalimane, umongameli uthembisa ukuthi "uzokwenza imizamo yami iphumelele enhlalakahleni yabantu baseJalimane" futhi ulungise uMthetho oMkhulu." Laba bantu bangaphandle babhekene nezinselele ezifanayo: indlela yokuphoqelela ukufunja, indlela yokusingatha ukugqeka, nendlela yokugcina ukholo lomphakathi ehhovisi. Isimiso saseMelika sithembisa ukungancintiswa kwezekiswe kwezelulekwa kwezelelo lwezombangazwe kunokuba siphawu oluvelele nezinzuzo nokuqonda kwazo. Izazi ezikhona nalezo zisiza izifungo ezikanjani.

Isiphetho: Amandla Ahlala Njalo Esithembiso

Isifungo sobumongameli singumshoshaphansi, kodwa incazelo yaso iye yaphikiswana futhi yalungiswa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Kusukela kuMsunguli wesifungo sokuphikisana kwezombangazwe kwamuva, isifungo sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sasikhathi sonke sokuthi umongameli uyisikhundla sokuthembeka, hhayi imvume yokulawula. Sihlanganisa ukuqondisa ngakunye komthetho-sisekelo okuya phambili futhi kulandele. Ithonya lenkulumo yezombangazwe yamanje likhulu kakhulu: icebo lokuziphatha lokuziphendulela, isiqinisekiso sokuziphendulela, futhi amandla okulawula axhomeke ekuhloleni ukuziphatha komongameli. Nokho amandla axhomeke ekukholelweni kwabantu baseMelika nabameleni kwabo okuthi isithembiso. Uma lokho kuncishwa kwenkolelo, yenza icebo lokuvimbela icebo. I-demodeli lihlale liyinselele isithembiso esiphilayo, kodwa isithembiso esiwumthetho owethungagodliwe ngokomthetho nje kuphela, kodwa amandla axhomeke ekuhlonisweni kwezakhamuzi bezombangazwe abahlala besikhathi eside, futhi bayaqhubeka ngenkathi esingumbono esingumasishoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshoshosho sabenye. Izwezwezwezwe

Ukufunda Okwengeziwe Nemithombo