Usizo lwangaphandle lumelela isisekelo sobudlelwane bamazwe omhlaba wonke, lusebenza njengethuluzi lokusekela ukusekela komphakathi nethuluzi eliyikhombayo lokuthuthukisa izinjongo zezokuxhumana. Ukudluliselwa kwemithombo yezindawo (i-financial, ezobuchwepheshe, noma izinto) ukusuka emazweni anikeleyo kuya kulezo zimo zobuhlobo, inqubo yokulawula inzuzo, nokuthuthukisa izomnotho. Nakuba ukuphumelela kwayo kusaphikisana, indima yosizo lwangaphandle ekuthuthukiseni izibopho zezokuxhumana akunakuphikiswa, kuthinta yonke into kusukela ekuhlelekeni kwembulunga yonke yesayensi yezwe kuya ezikhiweni zembulunga yonke zokubusa. Lokhu kuhlola indlela yokusiza kwamanye amazwe esebenzela imibuso eyinkimbinkimbi, imiphumela yayo ethinta imibuso eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezimpikiswano ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Imisebenzi Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe

Usizo lwangaphandle aluvamile ukuba umzamo wokuzicabangela; lugxile kakhulu emaqhingani angaphandle ezimiso zamazwe anikelayo. Ngokuthumela imithombo emazweni athile, ohulumeni bangafeza izinjongo zezokuxhumana ezisukela ekulondolozeni ubuhlobo obuhleliwe kuya ekutholeni amandla aphansi. Lengxenye ihlola imisebenzi eyinhloko yezokuxhumana esetshenziswayo ekunikezeleni usizo kwamanye amazwe embulungeni yonke.

Ukwakha Izinhlangano Ezihlelekile

Inye yemisebenzi eqinile kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe yikhono lokuqinisa izivumelwano ezikhethekile. Amazwe asebenza ngokubambisana aqondisa amazwe anezikhundla eziyinhloko zezezombangazwe, ahlanganyela imingcele nezitha, noma ukulawula imithombo yemvelo ebalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States ngokwesiko iye yanikeza usizo oluqinile ku-Israel ne-Egypt ngaphansi kwesimiso seSivumelwano seKampani David, ukuthatha isinyathelo esiklanywe ukuqinisa i-Middle East futhi alonde izimiso zamazwe angaphandle. Ngokufanayo, i-Belt ne-Grainter ihlanganisa usizo olukhulu nezimali zemvelo emazweni aphesheya kwe-Asia ne-Afrika, idala i-eatreacern eguqula ithonya lezombangazwe. Lemifelandawo ayisheshibhiki evumela ukubambisana kwezentengosi, ukusekelana kwempi, ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa inzuzo engcono kakhulu, ukuhlanganisa i-'injini yezikhali zempi, ifaka izingozi zezenteleko yempi.

Ukusebenzisa Amandla Athambile

Ikhono elithambile .Ikhono lokuhlela ukuthandwa kwabanye ngokukhanga kunokuphoqelelwa. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-United States Peace Corps ne-Japane’s Service (ODA) ithuthukisa kakhulu ngezinhlelo zosizo lwezezimali zakwamanye amazwe. Uma izimali zesizwe ezinikelayo zakha izikole, noma zinikeza ukukhululeka kwenhlekelele, yenza ukuba abantu bathakazelelwa, ikakhulukazi, ithonya lesizwe; ukuvakasha okukhudlwana, kanye nokuvumelana nobudlelwane obuhle kwezemvelo. Ngokungathi kunjalo, i-United States Peacence Corps no-Amperence (ODA) ziye zandisa umuzwa wobuhlobo nokuhloniphana. Usizo olusiza abantu, ngokukhethekile, lungaguqula isimo sesizwe; amazwe asabela ngokushesha ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo ngokuvamile azibona zimile emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlelo zemfundo namasiko amanani angokwesiko akhuliswa ngokuhlanganisa nokuxhumana phakathi kwabaholi abaholi, ukuthuthukisa amandla athelela phambili.

Usizo Olubi Lwethonya Elimisiwe

Ngaphandle kokwakha umbuso ovumelanayo, usizo lwangaphandle lusetshenziswa kaningi njengethuluzi lokuthonya izimiso zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe ezizamukelayo. Abanikazi bangahlanganisa imibandela edinga abamukela izinguquko ezithile zezomnotho, ukuphatha ngentando yeningi, ukuthuthukisa amarekhodi amalungelo abantu, noma ukuhlanganisa nemithetho yokugunyaza ezwe lonke. INhlangano ye-International Monetary Fund neWorld Bank isebenzise lenqubo yokuhlela ngokuhlela izimiso zokulungisa izakhiwo, lapho usizo luxhomeke khona ezilinganisweni zokulungisa izakhiwo, lapho ukuphaka kwezekwa kwezentengiselwano noma ukuthengwa ngesihle. Ngokufanayo, abanikela ngezimali ezingokomthetho we-democrali ye-orgamsssssss, intuthuko yabo yokuthuthukisa izinyathelo lokulwa kwezentengo noma izindinganiso zendawo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kosizo olunamandla njengesekwe-projective protencessionsting producessioner kodwa kungenza ithonya elinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa ukuphikisa kokuthiwa kwezentele yezombangazwe kungaphumelela.

Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Nezithakazelo Zezombangazwe

Usizo lwangaphandle luhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasu abanzi ezombangazwe. Imibuso emikhulu ihlela usizo ukuze ithole ithonya, ikwazi ukufinyelela ezimakethe nasemthonjeni, futhi iqinise izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulondekeni kwayo. Ukuqonda izinga losizo lwezesayensi yezwe kudinga ukuhlola izindlela ezicacile zabadlali abayinhloko nendlela olusetshenziswa ngayo ezingxabanweni.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: United States, China, ne - European Union

I-United States iye yasebenzisa ngokomlando usizo lwamanye amazwe njengensika yesimiso sayo sakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho usizo lubhekiswa emazweni asengozini yethonya lobukhomanisi. I-Post-9/11, ukulondeka kanye nezinhloso zobuphekula kwahamba ngezindlela ezibalulekile ukuya e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, nase-Iraq. I-Agency ye-International Development (USAID) ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lemizamo, ehlanganisa izinhlelo zokubusa intuthuko yezomnotho, nosizo lwezempi. Nokho, i-U.S.

I-China iye yavela njengenye iminikelo emikhulu, inikeza usizo ngaphandle kwezimo zezombangazwe ezifana nezamazwe aseNtshonalanga. Ngezinhlelo zayo zeBelt ne-Graad Initiatiatifica kunye nezinye i-Tshayina, inikeza imali ebolekwayo yezemfashini futhi inikeza izivumelwano ezikhangayo emazweni asathuthuka aqaphe ukuphazamisa kwaseNtshonalanga. Lokhu kuvumela iChina ukuba yakhe izibopho ezijulile zezomnotho kanye nokusekela kwezokuxhumana kwezindawo ezinjenge-Afrika ne-Southeast Asia. Nokho, abagxeki bakhomba izikweletu zezikwele kanye nokungabi mhlophe. I-speasping iveza ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kokusetshenziswa kwe-indeccomsting: ukukhuthaza ukungaxhumani kwemithombo yezindawo lapho ithonya eyanda futhi ivikela izivumelwano zezindawo ezithathe isikhathi eside.

I-European Union imelela indlela ehlangene, iqondisa ngezinhlangano ezifana noMqondisi-Jikelele we Nhlangano yezizwe zonke. Usizo lwe-EU luvame ukuhlelwa ngokwenani elihlanganyelweyo lamalungelo abantu, idemokrasi, nentuthuko eqinile. Lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, njenge-Mediterranean ne-Mpumalanga Yurophu, nokusekela ukubusa okuziphindaphindayo. Ukugcizelela kwe-EU ngobudlelwane nobunikazi bendawo ukuthuthukisa ukuma kobuhlobo bokusizana kweminikelo, kodwa izinselele zisalokhu zithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemizwa yezindawo ezingamalungu ehlangene nemigomo yokuxhumana.

Usizo Njengethuluzi Lesinqumo Sempi

Ezizweni ezintekenteke futhi ezinezingxabano, usizo lwangaphandle lungaba yithuluzi elibucayi lokwakha ukuthula nempi. Abanikazi bangasebenzisa usizo ekusekeleni izinhlelo zokuqeda izikhali, ukuphinde baphinde basekele izinhlangano ezazikhona, noma baqinise izinhlangano ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlale kunokuthula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvuselela izinkonzo ezidingekayo ngemva kwempi eRwanda neMozambique kungenza amazwe ahlale ebhekene nezimpi ezibhubhisayo. Usizo lungaqinisa namazwe akhona ngemva kwempi yomphakathi. Ukulwa kungawavumelanisa amaqembu amaqembu alwayo angene enqabeni yokulwa, ngokunikeza imithombo engokwentuthuko njengomvuzo zomvuzo wezivumelwano zokuthula. Nokho, ezingxabazweni ezisempini ziveza izingozi ezinkulu. Uma zingalawulwa ngokucophelela, kungasiza ukuba kube nokunye ukuxabana, ukukhohlakala, noma ukusungula izimali zempi. Ukusetshenziswa kosizo lwempi kudinga ukuxazulu lwezi ukuzwa kwezivumelwano zezizwe zezizwe, kodwa izikhali eziwusizo eziwusizo eziwusizo zezizwe ngezizwe ngezikhali.

Ithonya Ezizweni Ezithola Inzuzo

Imiphumela yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe emazweni amukelayo ihlukahlukene, ihlanganisa izilinganiso zezomnotho, zezenhlalo, nezezombangazwe. Nakuba usizo lungasheshisa ukuthuthuka nokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokuphila, lubuye lufake izingozi ebukhosini nasemgangathweni wokubusa. Ukuhlaziya okulinganiselayo kwembula kokubili isithembiso nezihibe zokuthembela ekusizeni.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho Nezenhlalo

Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle luxhase impumelelo enkulu ekuthuthukeni kwabantu. Izinhlangano zezezimali zezempilo, njenge-Global Fund to Friend AIDS, TB kanye no-Malaleria, ziye zasindisa ukuphila kwezigidi. Usizo lwemfundo luye lwandisa ukubhalisa isikole, ikakhulukazi kumantombazane asemazweni angenayo. Imisebenzi ekwakheni izakhiwo zemfundo. Amaza ezakhiwo ze-agracter, amatheku, amanqamu okulawula amandla okulawula (amandla), awenza asebenzele ukuhweba nokukhuliswa kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, usizo lwangaphandle lwanikela kakhulu ekuqedweni kwengxishozelweni kwengxibongo kanye nokunciphiswa kwevezeleleka. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uma ziphumelela futhi zilawulwa, zingaveza intuthuko enkulu ezomnotho ngokulungiselela ukutshala imali, ukuthutha, ukuthutha, nokuthuthukisa kwezemisebenzi. IMinyaka yeminyaka kanye ne-Promediation Developmentive Develoption Mivementivesss

Ubukhosi Nokukhathazeka Ngokuncika Kubantu

Naphezu kwalezinzuzo, usizo lwangaphandle luphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngobukhosi nokwethembela. Uma ingxenye enkulu yemali kahulumeni ivela kubantu abanikelayo ngaphandle, ukuzibusa kwayo kungacindezelwa. Ohulumeni abamukelayo bangase benze izimiso zabo ukuze banelise izidingo zosizo ezithandwayo kunasekhaya, ngezinye izikhathi okuyinto ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuncintisana nombuso." Ukuthembela kwezinye izindawo kungadala futhi ukuncintisana kwemali ekhona ukuze kutholakale, njengoba ohulumeni bethembele ekusebenziseni intela yangaphandle esikhundleni sokwakha izimiso zabo siqu. Lomjikelezo ungabamba amazwe azimele esimweni sokuncintiswa, wenze kube nzima ukusekela intuthuko ngaphandle kokuqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibandela ehambisana nosizo ingabhekwa njenge-projectivestion comstion, ilula imvume yohulumeni abakhonzi emehlweni ezakhamuzini. Le mishini idinga ukukhokha izinhlelo eziwusizo, izinhlelo ezinjalo, inzuzo ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa, izinhlelo ezihlukene, esikhundleni ezihlukene, futhi zihambisana nosizo.

Izinselele Zokubusa Nezokonakala

Usizo lwangaphandle lungalulama ngokufuna intela nenkohlakalo. Uma izimali eziningi zigeleza emazweni anezinhlangano ezibuthakathaka, ingxenye ingadonswa yizikhulu. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kosizo kodwa kunganciphisa nokunciphisa ukuthembela komphakathi kuhulumeni. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi usizo olusemqoka lungahlobene nokonakala okukhulu emongweni othile, ikakhulukazi lapho kunikelwa ngemali noma ngokuxhaswa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokuqondisa okuqinile. Olunye usizo lungaqinisa ukubusa ngokuxhasa izinhlangano ezilwa nokonakala, imisha yamandla, izinguquko ezivubukulweni, kanye nezinyathelo ezivulekile. I-nethingithi ngokuvamile lixhomeke ekukhuleni kokwanda kwemikhakhankani yezindawo ezikhona ezweni. Imali iqaphele kakhulu uma izimali zinikezwa ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemali ngaphandle kwegunya elikhulu, ukuqondisa nokuqondisa izimali, ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye yesithathu, ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-onki, ukusetshenziswa kwe-onki, ukusetshenziswa kwe-osethi.

Izimpikiswano Nezinsolo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Indima yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke ibangela impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwezazi, abakhi bezimiso nochwepheshe.

Ukusiza Nezimo

Umbuzo wokuthi usizo lwakwamanye amazwe luyasebenza ngempela yini awuphenduli. Nakuba usizo luye lwanezela ekuphumeleleni okuphawulekayo, izazi eziningi ziphikisa ngokuthi ithonya lalo lilonke ekukhuleni isikhathi eside nasekuncipheni kwesikhathi eside linesizo esilinganiselwe. Abagxeki abafana noWilliam Easter ukhomba i-intecracy ye-inteciepices kanye nokungaqondi kahle kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zosizo. Ukubolekisa ngezimiso zemali, ikakhulukazi, kuye kwagxekwa ngokungenela kwayo "kukhubazeka okungaqondile" kanye nokungakhomba kwakho okunganembile. Isaziso sezelelwe ngempumelelo engcono (2005) ngokuthuthukisa lemibuzo, ukuhleleka, ukuhleleka, nokuphatha imiphumela. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwemicishwa kwamuva kuye kwagcizelela ukungenela kwayo okungahlelekile, ukuvinjelwa okungahleliwe, nokunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu, lapho kudiliselwe khona ukuvumelana komphumela, futhi kuveza impumelelo ekwahlulekayo. Lokhu kuveza inselele ekulungiseni, kodwa futhi kuveza inselele inselele, kodwa kuveza inselele, kodwa kuveza inselele kakhulu. Inse

Ukukhula Kokubambisana KwaseNingizimu - Southern

Abanikeli beminikelo bamazwe aseNtshonalanga abasayikho abadlali abavelele kulendawo yosizo. Ukunyuka kokubambisana kwe-South-South-South . lapho amazwe asathuthuka enikeza khona usizo nosizo lobuchwepheshe kwelinye nelinye, kwaye asungula khona amandla amasha obudlelwane bezizwe zonke. Amazwe anjengeChina, i-Brazil, neUnited ArabhuAbhuan Emirated anikeza enye indlela engcono kakhulu ezuzisanayo, engaxhumani, futhi avumelani. Lokhu kuye kwahlela ukuhlelwa kwemifelandawo, njengoba amazwe amukelayo manje anendlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha abangane. I-South - South South South Southern futhi ibekela inselela imibandela yezosizo ezichazayo; eziningi azikhokhiswa izibo zosizo ezingokwesiko. Izibopho zezokuxhumana, lezi zivumela abanikeli ukuba badlale ezinye izihlobo, bandise amandla azo azo. Nokho, abagxeki, baphikisa ngokuthi izinhlangano baseNingizimu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa, ukunciphisa izinhlangano zezentengo ezindaweni ezihlukene, ukunciphisa izinhlangano zezindawo ezihlukene, ezisekela izinhlangano zezindawo eziwusizo.

Ikusasa Losizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Liyancipha

Njengoba izinselele zembulunga yonke zishintsha, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe kumelwe luzivumelanise nethuluzi elidingekayo ukuze luhlale luyithuluzi elibalulekile.

Ukuthambekela Ekuklameni I - Aid

Ikusasa losizo lwakwamanye amazwe lizobonakala ngokuhlukana okukhulu nokuhlukahluka. Izimali zezomnotho ziqala ukuba yingxenye enkulu, amazwe athuthukile azama ukusiza izigidi zezigidi zamazwe asengozini nokunciphiswa kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kushintshana kusiza ngokuqondile ekuhwebelaneni kwendawo ezungezile yomhlaba wonke. Ngokufanayo, ukulondeka kwezempilo kuye kwavelela ngemva kobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ngosizo oluqondiswe ekuqiniseni izimiso zezempilo kanye nokusakaza umjovo. Indima ye-ethenamenti ye-Inter internentaneti (iiinthanentaneti yokuxhumana, i-evernance, kanye nokusebenzisa izinombolo zobuchwepheshe (ikhuphuka), nokuveza ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwentuthuko. Lemibhobho ekhethekile yenza ama-testrunethi adinga ukuhlelwa kwemisebe nokusetshenziswa kwe-acimbini. Indima yokwabelano ye-eansthroption, njenge-Found, iyakhula, futhi yenye futhi inezela kwezinye izinxa ewusizo ze-exmagnometic.

Ukulinganisela Izithakazelo Zezwe Nemigomo Yembulunga Yonke

Ukuguquguquka okuyinhloko kwesikhathi esizayo kosizo lwakwamanye amazwe kuzakuhlala kusesilinganisweni phakathi kwezithakazelo zezwe nempahla yomphakathi wembulunga yonke. Nakuba abanikelayo beyosebenzisa njalo usizo ukuze bathuthukise ukulondeka kwabo nenzuzo yezomnotho, kunokuqaphela okwandayo ukuthi izinselele eziningi .pandemics, ukushintsha isimo sezulu, ukufuduka, ukuthutha nokusebenza okuhlangene. Izindlela ezigxile ezingeni elilinganiselwe lezezezwe nezezimali zingaba ngcono kakhulu ekusingatheni lezi zinkinga ezahlukene. Lokhu kudinga ukulwa nosizo oluncane lwezezimali emhlabeni wonke. Icebo lokusiza umphakathi kufuneke ukuba ulwe ukusekela okufushane nokusiza ekuzuzeni inzuzo engokwezinto ezihambisanayo. Izindlela zokulawula izifo noma ukumelana nezindawo zokubambisana ezihlukene, ngenxa yemigomo engcono kanye nezindlela ezinikezwayo, kodwa ezinikezwayo ezinikezwayo ezisemhlanganweni zezindawo eziphambili zezindawo ezingcono phakathi kwezinye.

Ngamafuphi, usizo lwangaphandle lusalokhu lubalulekile, uma luphikisana, luyingxenye yobudlelwane bomhlaba wonke. Luvumela ukumiswa kwezivumelwano ezihlangeneyo, ukuboniswa kwamandla athambile, nokusetshenziswa kwethonya lezimiso. Nakuba lungaqhubekisela phambili intuthuko nentuthuko yokusiza umphakathi, lunezingozi zokuncika nokulawula. Njengoba indawo yonke iba yizimo ezihlukene kakhulu nezinhlekelele ezintsha, ukusetshenziswa kosizo lwangaphandle kumelwe kubangele ukuba [1] ukulandisa okukhulu, ukuba umuntu abe sendaweni, kanye nesibopho sangempela kuyo yowombili imibuso yesizwe nembulunga yonke. Ikusasa losizo lwangaphandle ekuxhumaneni nezindawo liyoluxhomeke ekwazini ukuqondisa le mithetho eqinile nobuqotho nokubona kusengaphambili.