Isisekelo Samandla Okulawula

Ukwakhiwa kwemikhakha yemithetho yaseMelika kuhlela wonke umthetho othinta ukuphila kwakho, kusukela ezintela ozikhokhayo kuya esingeni lomoya owuphefumulayo. Uma uqonda indlela izishaya-mthetho zesifunda nombuso ohlelwe ngayo, uzuza ikhono lokulawula isimiso ngokuphumelelayo, ukusekela izithakazelo zakho, futhi ubeke abameleli bakho icala. Lolwazi lukuguqula usuka kumboni ongenzi lutho ube umhlanganyeli okhuthele ekulawuleni ngentando yeningi.

Abakhi boMthetho-sisekelo ngamabomu bakha isishaya-mthetho se-bimateral, behlukanisa amandla phakathi kwamagumbi amabili ngezindawo ezihlukene zomthetho, ubude, nemithwalo yemfanelo. Lomklamo wawuwukuvumelana phakathi kwezifunda ezinkulu nezincane, kodwa futhi ufeza injongo ejulile: ukunciphisa inqubo yemithetho, ukucindezela, futhi uvikele ekucindezeleni iningi. Isimiso esifanayo sinwebela kuhulumeni wesifunda, nakuba umbuso ngamunye uvumelanise lesibonelo nezidingo zawo ezikhethekile.

Ukwakhiwa Komkhandlu Wase - United States

Indlu yabameleli: Isigungu sabantu

Indlu yabameleli, enamalungu ayo angu-455 okuvota, iklanyelwe ukuba ibe yigumbi eliseduze kakhulu nabantu. Ilungu ngalinye limelela isifunda senhlangano sabantu abangaba ngu 761 000, inani elishintsha njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kufundwa abantu. Iminyaka emibili inxusa elimelela amabutho ukuba ahlale ehambisana nokukhathazeka kwabameleli bawo, noma lizifake engozini yokulahlekelwa indawo yawo emjikelezweni wokhetho olandelayo.

Lesikhathi esifushane sidala amandla ayingqayizivele. Abameleli kumelwe balinganisele izimfuno ezincintisanayo zesimiso sesizwe kanye nezidingo ezithile zesifunda sabo. Ilungu elivela esifundeni sokulima sasemaphandleni lizosondela ngokuhlukile kumthetho wezolimo kunelungu elisuka edolobhaneni eligxile ekuthuthweni nasekhelini. Isakhiwo sendlu siqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi endawo anesiteshi esiqondile, esinamandla ekwenzeni umthetho kahulumeni.

ISpeaker of the House, ekhethwe yiqembu elikhulu, inamandla amakhulu phezu kwesimiso sokuhlela izishaya - mthetho. Umthetho ulawula izikweletu ezifika phansi, umisa uhlelo lwekomiti, futhi usebenza njengomphakathi wendlu. Lesisikhundla sisesibili ohlwini lobumongameli lokulandelana, ngemva komongameli ongumPhathi.

ISigele: Umzimba Onesizotha

ISigele sisebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Ngamalungu ayikhulu, amabili avela ezweni ngalinye, iSigele simelela imibuso elinganayo njengezinhlangano ezizimele kunenani labantu. Igama leminyaka eyisithupha livikela izigelekeqe ezicindezelweni zomphakathi ezisheshayo, okuthiwa libavumela ukuba babe nombono omude ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Umjikelezo wokhetho oshaqisayo usho ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yeSigele ulungele ukukhethwa futhi nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Lelilungiselelo linikeza ukuqhubekeka okungokomthetho. Ngisho naseminyakeni yesiyaluyalu sezombangazwe esiphawulekayo, iSigele silondoloza umsuka wamalungu anolwazi aqonda inqubo yokushaya umthetho nomlando wezimpikiswano zezimiso.

Amandla ayingqayizivele eseluleko kanye nokuvuma ukumiswa komongameli nezivumelwano kuyindima ekubuseni okudlulele ngalé komthetho. Abaqondisi bangavimbela noma baqinisekise oonobhala bamakhathemende, amajaji kahulumeni, namajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, balolonge isiqondiso sawo wonke uhulumeni kahulumeni amashumi eminyaka. I-filibbuster, ithuluzi le-procedromecture evumela isikhulu esisodwa ukuba silibazise noma sivimbele ukuvota, ngokuqhubekayo baqinisa amandla eqenjini elingumphakathi oyinhloko.

Ngokwe mlando ongokomthetho [[QUL:0] , leligumbi laklanywa njengendlela yokuhlola indlu eshintshashintsha kakhulu, indawo lapho izinkanuko zingaphola khona futhi zicuphe.

Amakomiti: Lapho Umsebenzi Wangempela Wenzeka Khona

Zombili lezi zikhungo zithembele esimisweni sekomiti ukuze ziqondise umthetho omkhulu osungulwe unyaka ngamunye. AmaKomiti asebenzelana nezindawo ezithile ezingokomthetho njengezolimo, ezokuzivikela, ezezimali, noma zempilo.

Izihlalo zamakomiti, ngokuvamile amalungu eqembu elikhulu, anethonya elikhulu. Banquma ukuthi yiziphi izikweleti ezithola ukuthethwa kwamacala, iziphi ofakazi ababizwayo, nokuthi iziphi izikweleti eziphucukile noma zife ekomitini. Ukuqonda leli komiti kubalulekile kubameleli. Uma ufuna ukuthonya umthetho ngezinzuzo zamandla ahlanzekile noma zezikhulu zikamakadlwana, kudingeka wazi ukuthi yiliphi ikomiti elilawulayo nokuthi ubani ohlala kulo.

Izinhlangano ezisemkhakheni zisingatha ngisho nezindawo ezikhethekile, zivumela amalungu ukuba athuthukise ubuchwepheshe obujulile. Ilungu le-Appropriates Commuttee on Defense, ngokwesibonelo, lizokwazi uhlelo lwemali lwePentagon ngaphakathi. Lokhu kukhethekile kuyisici sesimiso, kodwa futhi kudala isici esingenza ushintsho olunqamule isimiso lube nzima.

Imithetho KaHulumeni: Izinhlangano Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukuhlukahluka Kokubusa

UMahluleli Louis Brandeis uchazwa ngokudume ngokuthi "imisebenzi yentando yeningi," futhi isakhiwo sezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni siveza lowo moya wokuhlola. Nakuba isifundazwe ngasinye ngaphandle kwe Nebraska silandela i-bidamaral, imininingwane iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokobukhulu, ubude besikhathi, isimiso, kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Ezinye izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, njengalezo zase California, eNew York, naseTexas, ziqeqeshiwe kakhulu. Amalungu azo asebenza isikhathi esigcwele, athola iholo eliningi, futhi aqashe izisebenzi ezinkulu. Lezi zishaya-mthetho zisebenza cishe njengeziphakamiso ezimfushane, zibhekene nezindaba zemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi unyaka nonyaka. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengaseNew Hampshire, eMontana, naseWyoming, zisebenza njengezakhamuzi zombuso. Amalungu asebenza inxenye, athola imbuyiselo encane, futhi ahlangane namasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela unyaka ngamunye. Kulezi zifunda, abakhandi bemithetho babamba eminye imisebenzi futhi baletha okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi wabo eyinhloko.

Isakhiwo sesishaya-mthetho sikahulumeni sithinta ngokuqondile indlela esenziwe ngayo imithetho futhi ukuthi ubani okwazi ukukwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Esihlalweni sezakhamuzi, esithathe umhlala-phansi, esicebile, noma labo abanomsebenzi ovumelana nezimo sidluliswa ngokweqile. Kuyi-pactious yesikhathi esigcwele, umzimba ungasingatha umthetho oyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kodwa ungaheha abezombangazwe abasebenzayo abavikelekelwe kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ezifundeni zabo.

Izinhloko Eziphansi Neziteshi Eziphezulu

Iningi lezifundakazi libiza igumbi lazo eliphansi ngokuthi i House of Declarations, nakuba ezinye zisebenzisa igama elithi Assembly (iCalifornia, iNew York, iWisconsin) noma iNdlu yabameleli (iVirginia, iMaryland). Amagama angaphansi avame ukuwathatha iminyaka emibili, abonisa i-paredio kazwelonke. Ubungako besigodi besifunda sesifunda sesifunda sezwe buhluka kakhulu. ECalifornia, ilungu le-Ossembly limelela abantu abangaba ngu-50 000. E-New Hampshire, ummeleli kazwe ukhonza isifunda sabantu abangaba ngu-3,300, okwenza ukuba bafinyeleleke ngokuphawulekayo kubantu bendawo.

I-senate, amagumbi aphezulu, ngokuvamile anamalungu ambalwa namagama amade, ngokuvamile iminyaka emine. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuzinza nokuhlolwa egumbini eliphansi kakhulu lomphakathi. Kwezinye izifundazwe, umbusi omkhulu we-senate, kuyilapho kwezinye, umongameli ophethe i-pixent noma umholi omkhulu usebenzisa lowo mbuso.

I-Nebraska ima yodwa ne-uncameral yayo, engeyoparta. Abameli bayo abangu-49, abakhethwe ukuba babe nemithetho emidala emine, ukuphikisana kanye nokuvota ngaphandle kwezimpawu zeqembu. I-Nebraska iqeda inqubo yekomiti yengqungquthela edingekayo uma amagumbi amabili engavumelani, aphikiswana ngemithetho. Abaxhasi bayinciphisa i-gridlock, kuyilapho abagxeki beyikhipha izihlolo eziyigugu nezilinganisiweyo.

Izinqumo Zesimiso Nokuhamba Ngemithetho

Kukangaki kuhlangana kwesishaya-mthetho sikahulumeni kunezici ezinkulu zokubusa. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengoTexas, zihlangana njalo njalo ngonyaka izinsuku ezingu - 140 kuphela. Lesi sikhawu esicindezelayo sicindezela umsebenzi onzima, nezinkulungwane zemali yefasitela ifakwe futhi ihlolwe ngefasitela elifushane. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengeMassachusetts, ziqhuba izikhawu ezithatha iminyaka emibili, zivumela ukuba zihlolwe ngokwengeziwe.

I-National Conference of State Legislatures inikeza imithombo emihle kakhulu ngendlela iziqephu zamazwe ahlukene ngayo, ukukhomba okunenzuzo kwanoma isiphi isimiso sikahulumeni sokulandela umkhondo [.

Kungase kuhlelwe izinkulumo ezikhethekile, ezibizwa umbusi noma abaholi bemithetho, ukuze kuxazululwe izimo eziphuthumayo noma izindaba ezithile eziphakama phakathi nezikhathi ezivamile.

Indlela Izakhiwo Ezikuthonya Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho

Ijubane Lokwenza Imithetho

Isakhiwo sendikimba yemithetho sinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi imithetho idluliswa ngokushesha kangakanani. Izishaya-mthetho ze Bidameral, ngokuklanywa, zihamba kancane kakhulu kunezongamele. Imali kumelwe iqhubeke ikhona emagumbini womabili, idlulise amavoti, bese ilungisa noma yikuphi ukungezwana ngekomiti yengqungquthela. Isigaba ngasinye sinikeza amaphuzu amaningi lapho umthetho ungavinjelwa, ulungiswe, noma ubulawe.

Lokhu kulibala kuyisici, hhayi igciwane. Abakhi be-flamers babesaba isenzo esisheshayo, esingacatshangelwanga yiningi. Amandla esakhiwo se-bimeral avumelanayo futhi acabangisisa. Nokho, isakhiwo esifanayo singaveza i-grid lock, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokususwa kwezindawo ezihlukene kakhulu. Uma indlu neSigeqe zilawulwa amaqembu ahlukene, noma lapho elinye iqembu lilawula i-Congress kanye neqembu elihlukile lilawula i-denacy, inqubo yemithetho inganqamuka.

Kulelozinga lombuso, kusebenza amandla afanayo. Isifundazwe esinomthetho ophelele, oqeqeshiwe neziqephu zaminyaka yonke singasabela ngokushesha kakhulu ezinkingeni kunombuso lapho isigebengu sihlangana khona njalo ngonyaka isikhashana. Ukusabela ku-COVID-19 kwaqokomisa lokhu mehluko ngokuphawulekayo. Ezinye izizwe zakwazi ukudlulisa umthetho ophuthumayo ezinsukwini, kuyilapho ezinye kwadingeka ukuba zilinde izinyanga ezithile zesimiso sazo esilandelayo esihleliwe noma zithembele ngokuphelele eziyalweni zesikhulu.

Ukumelelwa Nokutholakala

Ubukhulu besifunda se-audioignotigist buthinta ngokuqondile indlela ummeleli angeneka ngayo. Endluni yase-U.S., ilungu ngalinye limelela abantu abangaphezu kuka-70 000. Abameleli abanakho ngempela ukuxoxa nomniniyo ngobuso. Ukuxhumana kwenzeka ngezisebenzi, amahholo edolobha, kanye nokuxhumana kwabantu abaningi. Esifundeni esincane sesifunda sezwe, noma esazi somthetho wesizwe njengo-New Hampshire's, ummelelikho kungaba umakhelwane wakho, othile obona esitolo sezentengiselwano noma esitolo sekhofi.

Lokhu kusondelana kushintsha isimo sokumelelwa. Ummeleli wezwe esifundeni esincane angasabela ekukhathaleleni komuntu ngamunye. Bangaba khona emihlanganweni yomphakathi, bavakashele izikole, futhi bathuthukise ubuhlobo nabaholi bendawo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ilungu leSishaya-Mkhandlu, kumelwe lithembele ezimisweni zezimiso ezibanzi futhi liphathise izisebenzi zehhovisi lesigodi izinkonzo.

Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kukusiza ukuba uqinise amathemba akho namasu. Uma ufuna ukuthonya isimiso sikahulumeni endabeni eyinkimbinkimbi enjengenguquko yezempilo, kudinga ukuba uhlanganyele nenhlangano enkulu, wakhe imifelandawonye, futhi usebenze ngamaqembu afuna ukuhlanganisa amaqembu. Uma ufuna ukushintsha umthetho wendawo noma ukuthuthukisa isikole esithile somphakathi, ummeleli noma umsekeli wezwe lakho cishe yikho okungcono kakhulu kokuxhumana kwakho.

Amandla Amakomiti Nabahlali

Kuzo zombili izishaya-mthetho zekomiti, ikomiti igxilisa amandla ezandleni zabantu abambalwa. Isihlalo sekomiti singanquma ukuba kubekwe icala lemali, sihlele ivoti, noma simane sivumele imali ife ngaphandle kwesenzo. Balawula uhlelo lwekomiti, uhlelo lwemali, nezisebenzi. Lamandla enza izihlalo eziyinhloko zabangenisi bekomiti, amaqembu ezisebenzi, ngisho nabanye abashaya umthetho.

Kuzo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqonda umuntu onezikhundla zobuholi bamakomiti kubalulekile ukuze aphumelele ekulawuleni amanzi. Uma ukhathalela izinga lamanzi, kudingeka wazi ukuthi ubani obeka i-Mbiko ne-Natural Resources ekomitini yesizwe sakho yombuso ne-Congress. Izinto eziza kuqala kulowo muntu, izibopho zezombangazwe, nomlando wakhe zizohlela izindleko eziqhubekela phambili nezingaphumi.

Isimiso sokukhushulwa kwezindawo eziphambili, ngokwesiko esanikeza izihlalo zamalungu anezihlalo ezinde kakhulu zekomiti, siye sawohloka emashumini eminyaka amuva. Bobabili amaqembu manje babeka imingcele yezihlalo zamakomiti, futhi inqubo yokukhetha iya ngokuya incipha. Lokhu kushintshwa kuye kwanciphisa amandla ezihlalweni ngazinye kodwa kwanciphisa futhi ulwazi lokukhumbula nokusebenza okulethwa izihlalo ezinde ezingeni zabo.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Nezidumbu Ezingokomthetho

Babone Abameleli Bakho

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekungeneni nenqubo yomthetho ukwazi ukuthi ubani okumele kuwo wonke amazinga. Sebenzisa .Gov umbombo welungu ukuthola ummeleli wendlu yakho ne-senator. Kumelelo we-costal, ingosi ye-webhusayithi yombuso esemthethweni ye-partimen inikeza ithuluzi lokuhlola elisekelwe ekhelini lakho.

Izisebenzi zesigodi zivame ukutholakala futhi zigxile kakhulu ezinkonzweni ezihlangene.

Ukuqonda Inqubo Yomthetho

Indikimba ngayinye yemithetho inemithetho yayo kanye nezinqubo, kodwa inqubo eyisisekelo ayiguquguquki. Isivumelwano singeniswa ilungu, sabelwe ikomiti, ihlolwe ekuchosheni, ilungiswe, bese ithunyelwa egumbini eligcwele ukuze kuxoxwe futhi ivote. Esimisweni se-bidamaral, isambatho kumelwe sidlule zombili izintambo ngendlela efanayo ngaphambi kokuba siye kumphathi ukuze sivunyelwe.

Umthetho olawulayo obalulekile kuwe usebenzisa amathuluzi akhona. UKhongolo lunikeza ukulandelela okubanzi kwezindleko zikahulumeni. Amawebhusayithi emithetho kahulumeni anikeza umsebenzi ofanayo, nakuba izinga lihluka. Izizwe eziningi futhi zinezinkonzo zokulandelela ezizimele ezilawulwa izinhlangano ezingazuzisi noma izikhungo zokukhipha inzuzo.

Hlanganyela Esingeni Elifanele

Isu lakho lokuthonya umthetho kufanele lifanelane nesilinganiso sikahulumeni osizana nawo. Kuhulumeni, ungomunye wezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu zezindawo. I-imeyili noma ucingo lwakho lungaba nethonya elilinganiselwe, kodwa imizamo ehleliwe evela kubantu abaningi ingaba negalelo. Ukuhlanganyela emikhankasweni yobushiqela, ukujoyina izinhlangano ezisekela wena, nokunikela kwabazolandela i-imeyili noma ucingo kungaveza impumelelo.

Ucingo oluvela kumphathi wesifunda esincane lungathonya ngobuqotho ukuvota kwabo. Ukuba khona ekomitini, ukunikeza ubufakazi ngecala, noma ukuhlela umhlangano nesikhulumi sendawo kungaveza imiphumela esobala.

Ubufakazi bomphakathi enkantolo yemithetho buyithuluzi elinamandla kodwa elingasebenzi kakhulu. INhlangano yabesifazane inikeza iziqondiso ezinhle kakhulu ngendlela yokulungiselela ubufakazi obuphumelelayo, umkhuba ongasiza noma isiphi isakhamuzi ukuba sizwane ngenqubo yemithetho..

Hlakulela Zonke Izici Ozikhethayo

Isenate enquma ukulingana kwamandla ezwe egumbini eliphezulu futhi ezizweni eziningi, ihlela inqubo yokuhlela imithetho yemithetho. Ukuvotela kwakho indlu yase-U.S. kunquma ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu alawula lelo gumbi nokuthi ubani oba nguSiphi. Ukuvota kwakho kwe-senate kunquma ukulingana kwamandla egumbini eliphezulu lezwe lakho futhi, ezizweni eziningi, kuhlela inqubo yokwenza umthetho ezindabeni zemfundo kuya ekuthuthweni kwezempilo.

Imijaho ye-tobalbot yendlu yombuso ngokuvamile ithola ukunakekela okuncane kakhulu kunemijaho kamongameli noma kamongameli, nokho lezinhlanga zinquma ukuthi ubani obhala imithetho ethinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke ngokuqondile. Izishayamthetho zikaHulumeni zinquma ukuxhasa ngezimali izikole zakho zendawo, imithetho yezimpikiswano ezithatha indawo, imithetho yezentengo zomshuwalense, nemingcele yezifunda zakho zokuvota.

Ukuhlolwa Kwemithetho Yokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Isondo Elihambayo Nemiphumela Yalo

Isakhiwo se-bidamaral, sihlangene nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, siveza amaphuzu amaningi enqubo yomthetho. Lomklamo wawusuhlolile, kodwa enkathini yesigaba esijulile sokuhlukanisa, ungaphumela ekuhlukanisweni kwemigqa engapheli. Uma iNdlu, iSigele, ne-presence ihlukaniswa phakathi kwamaqembu, izikweletu ezinkulu ezimbalwa ziba umthetho. Uhulumeni wezwe ubhekane nokuvinjelwa, izinkinga ezibangelwa yizikweletu, futhi uthatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo ezindabeni ezicindezelayo njengenguquko yezezethutho kanye nokutshala isakhiwo.

Abanye ososayensi bezombangazwe baphikisa ngokuthi lesisimiso saklanyelwe ukubusa kancane futhi umbono we-grid black block ushintshwa. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izici zokwakha ezake zakhuthaza ukuhlongozwa manje zithuthukisa ukukhubazeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi umbono wakho, ukuqonda izimpande zesakhiwo se-rock lock kukusiza ukuba uchaze izindaba zezombangazwe futhi ubeke amathemba angokoqobo ngalokho uhulumeni angakufeza.

Ukubusa Okukhulu Namalungelo Amancane

Ukungezwani phakathi komthetho omningi nesivikelo esincane kwakhelwe ekwakhekeni kweSishaya-mthetho nezindawo zombuso. Indlu iklanyelwe ukubonisa ukuthi i-intando yeningi, enezisho zayo zeminyaka emibili nezifunda ezisekelwe kubantu. ISigele siklanyelwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zedlanzana, kanye nezimfuneko ezilinganayo zezwe kanye nezenzo ezingcono kakhulu njengesivumelwano sokulwa nokungasheshi ukukholisa.

Kulelozinga likahulumeni, lokhu kucindezeleka kudlalwa ngokwehlukile kuye ngesimo. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga amavoti amakhulu kakhulu ukuze kunyuswe izintela noma kubekwe umthetho wesimo esiphuthumayo. Ezinye zivumela izinto ezinkulu ukuba zithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha. Lokhu kukhetha kwezakhiwo kubonisa isiko lezombangazwe nomlando wombuso ngamunye.

Ukulandisa

Isakhiwo sendikimba yemithetho sithinta indlela esabela ngayo embonweni womphakathi. Indlu yabameleli, enamagama ayo aneminyaka emibili, isabela kakhulu ekushintsheni ngomzwelo womphakathi. Ukukhetha kwamaza kungasusa izinqamu eziningi futhi kushintshe ngokuphawulekayo indlela yesimiso segumbi. ISigele, namagama aso aneminyaka eyisithupha, sivikeleke kakhulu embonweni womphakathi, sinikeza ukuqina kodwa futhi ngokunokwenzeka.

Izishaya-mthetho zesifunda esinemibandela emifushane nezifundana zivame ukusabela kakhulu ezinkathazweni zendawo. Amandlu omthetho ezakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi, aveza abamisi-mthetho abahlala emiphakathini yabo futhi abakwazi ukuzwa ngokushesha ukushintsha kombono womphakathi. Nokho, isakhiwo esifanayo sisho ukuthi laba abamisi-mthetho banesikhathi esincane sokufunda izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi bangathembela kakhulu kubangenisi noma ezinhlanganweni zamagatsha eziphethe ukuze bathole ukwaziswa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa, izishaya - mthetho zochwepheshe zingafunda izindaba ezijulile, zicubungulise kakhulu, futhi zihleleke ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. kodwa amalungu azo angase ahlukaniswe nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu abasebenza nabo, ikakhulukazi uma echitha ingxenye enkulu yonyaka enhloko - dolobha yezwe kunasezifundazweni zawo.

Ukushintsha Kwezidumbu Zemithetho

Term Limits

Kusukela ngawo-1990, izifunda eziningi zathola imingcele esemthethweni yamagama asetshenziswayo kubenzi bazo bomthetho. Lenhlangano yayiyimpendulo yokukhungatheka komphakathi kwezazi zezombangazwe zezemisebenzi nakulokho okungaqondakali. Imingcele yemithetho manje iyasebenza kumaqembu angu-15 ombuso, kanye nemingcele ehlukene. Ezinye izifundazwe zilinganisela ingqikithi yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili esehhovisi, kuyilapho ezinye zivumela inkonzo ende kodwa ngezikhonkwane ezilandelanayo.

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi imingcele yemithetho iletha imibono emisha, inciphisa amandla ezithakazelo ezigxilile, futhi iphoqelela abashaya umthetho ukuba bagxile ekubuseni kunokuba babhikishe. Abagxeki bathi imingcele ilulaza ulwazi lwezinhlangano, isusa amandla kubenzi bemithetho abakhethiwe baye kubantu abangaqashelwanga nabashicileli abangekho, futhi yenza inqwaba yabenzi bomthetho abangenalwazi okumelwe bafunde ngomsebenzi.

ISishaya - mthetho asinamingcele yesikhashana ngaphandle kokhetho lwezikhathi ezithile abavoti abanqumayo. Izilinganiso zemingcele ye-cornodiation ziye zamiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kodwa azizange ziphumelele ngokwanele ukuba zidlule.

Diversity and Representation

Izibalo zezishaya-mthetho ziye zashintsha kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. ISishaya-mthetho sekhulu lekhulu lekhulu leminyaka sahlanganisa amanani aqophanayo abesifazane, abantu abanombala, kanye ne-LGBTQ+ + amalungu, nakuba ukumelelwa kusahamba phambili phakathi kwabantu abavamile. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zibonisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo, ezinye izifunda ezisondelayo ezimelelwe kakhulu futhi ezinye zibuswa kakhulu amadoda amhlophe amadala.

Isakhiwo seziqu zomthetho sithinta izinhlobonhlobo ngezindlela eziningi. Izindlu zomthetho zezakhamuzi zengxenye ezikhokhelwa kancane zithambekele ekuheheni abantu abakwaziyo ukukhonza, abacebile, abathathe umhlalaphansi, noma abaqashi abahlala khona. Izishaya-mthetho ezikhokhela imiholo nezinzuzo zingakhanga abantu abaningi abazofundela ukungenela isikole, kuhlanganise nabazali abasebenzayo, abantu abasha, nalabo abanezizinda eziphansi zezomnotho.

Isifunda futhi sibalulekile. Izifundana ezincane zenza kube lula ngabazohlolwa ngaphandle kwezimiso ezinkulu zokuqoqa izimpahla ukuba bathathe isikhundla, okungakhula izinhlobonhlobo. Izindleko eziphakeme zokubalekela isifunda esikhulu sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda noma ihhovisi likahulumeni emhlabeni wonke zidala imingcele ethinta amaqembu angaphansi ngokungenakulinganiswa.

Ukwenza Isimiso Sikusebenzele

Isakhiwo seSishaya - mthetho nezishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni asisona isifundo somphakathi esicatshangelwayo.

Qala ngokufunda ukuthi ubani omelela wena ngazo zonke izingalo. Bheka izabelo zabo zamakomiti, irekhodi labo lokuvota ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, nezindawo zabo zamahhovisi esigodi. Yiba khona ekomitini, kungaba iso noma kuyi - Internet.

Bhala incwadi noma uthumele i-imeyili kummeleli kumagazini othile. Yenza umyalezo wakho ucace, sho ukuma kwakho, futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani lendaba ibalulekile kuwe nasemphakathini wakho. Yiba nenhlonipho futhi uqonde. Umbiko owenziwe kahle ovela ku-ace uthwele ubunzima, ikakhulukazi esilinganisweni sikahulumeni.

Yakha ubuhlobo nabameleli bakho nezisebenzi zabo. Lobu buhlobo, obusungulwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bungakwenza ube umthombo othembekile wokwaziswa kommisi womthetho okhuluma ngendaba enzima. Uma uzenza umsizi onolwazi nonengqondo, izwi lakho linethonya kunoma iyiphi inkinga noma imali.

Inqubo yomthetho iklanyelwe ukuba ibe nzima. Idinga ukuphikelela, amasu, nokuqonda. Kodwa iklanyelwe ukuba ifinyeleleke kulabo abazinika isikhathi sokufunda indlela ehlelwe ngayo nemithetho yayo. I-Arm ngokwayo inolwazi, ihlanganyela ngokungaguquguquki, futhi ibeke abameleli bakho icala. Yileyondlela idemokrasi esebenza ngayo lapho izakhamuzi zitshelwa futhi zisebenza.