Table of Contents

Ukusebenza Kwababusi Bakahulumeni: Ukubheka Ngombono Oqinile I - Federalism

I-United States isebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso sombuso, uhlelo olubusayo oluhlukanisa igunya phakathi kukahulumeni wezwe nohulumeni bezwe. Lokhu kuhlukanisa akusona nje isimiso somthetho-sisekelo esingabonakali; kuyisisekelo semisebenzi yansuku zonke kahulumeni ethinta ngokuqondile isakhamuzi ngasinye. Ukuqonda amagunya ombuso kusho ukuqonda izinqumo ezenziwa ababusi, izishaya-mthetho, nezikhulu zendawo ezihlela imfundo yomphakathi, ukulondeka komphakathi, impilo, nezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sihlola izibonelo zangempela zokuphila kwamandla ombuso asebenzayo, sinikeza ukubheka okuningi ngendlela amazwe asebenzisa ngayo igunya lawo, ukushintshashintshashintsha kwezwe, kanye nethonya elisobala ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi. Kusukela emakilasini ase-California kuya ezindaweni ezindebeni zase-Texal, umbuso umbuso uqobo we-injini yokubusa ezindaweni ezihlukene zezwe ezisuka ezindaweni ze-Texas.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Segunya Lombuso

ISichibiyelo seshumi leSichibiyelo soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. sigcinelwe izifundakazi wonke amagunya angaphathiswa uhulumeni kahulumeni noma enqatshelwe ezizweni. Lokhu kwakha umnyango obanzi wegunya [ owaziwa njengamandla amaphoyisa — ikhono lokumisa impilo, ukulondeka, ukuziphatha okuhle, nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Lomthetho ngokomthetho unikeza isizathu sokuba sibone amagumbi ahlukene angu-50 esimiso sombuso, ukuzama ngakunye ngezimiso ezivumelana nezindinganiso zezifunda zezifunda nezidingo. Nakuba umthetho kahulumeni uphakeme ezindaweni ezinjengezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano nezokuvikela izwe, amandla ezwe abusa indawo yokuphila kwansuku zonke.

1. Umthetho wemfundo: Igumbi lekilasi likahulumeni

Imfundo iyindawo lapho igunya likahulumeni libonakala kakhulu khona futhi linethonya. Amazwe akha iminyango yawo siqu yemfundo, amise izindinganiso zemfundo, anikeze izinqumo, futhi anike amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ekuxhaseni ngokwezimali. Lomandla asekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi izinhlangano zendawo nohulumeni basendaweni basendaweni basendaweni engcono kakhulu ukuqonda izidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile zabafundi babo, kungaba emadolobheni ahlala abantu abaningi kakhulu njengeNew York City noma izifundazwe zasemaphandleni eMontanant.

Izindinganiso Zohlelo Nezimfuneko Zokuthweswa Iziqu

Izwe linegunya elikhethekile lokunquma lokho abafundi okumelwe bafunde ukuze bathole idiploma yasesikoleni esiphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, izimfuneko zokuthweswa iziqu zaseCalifornia zihlanganisa ukudlula i-California High School Sup Exam (KAHWAH) kuze kube yilapho i-Texas isebenza ngaphansi kweTexas Essential Known and Skills (TEKS), egunyaza izifundo eziqondile zezezomnotho, izifundo zobuhlanga, nobuchwepheshe. Ezinye zidinga izifundo zomuntu siqu wezezimali njengeFlorida, kuyilapho ezinye zigxile kakhulu kuyisayensi yezesayensi yezekhompuyutha. [[FLT:]] I-Dijini ifuna abafundi ukuba baqede izifundo zezezomnotho, izifundo zobuhlanga, nobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho i-Iowa, zishiya izifundo zemfundo zesikole zendawo zendawo.

Izinhlelo Zokukhetha Isikole Nezokubuka Imali

Amagunya ombuso emfundweni aye abhebhethekisa impikiswano ezweni lonke ngokuphathelene nesikole esikhethwayo. I-Arizona yasungula esinye sezimiso zezwe ezibanzi kakhulu, ivumela noma yimuphi umfundi ukuba asebenzise izimali zomphakathi emfundweni yangasese noma yesikole sasekhaya. Ngokuphambene, izikhulu zeWashington ziye zenqaba ngokuphindaphindiwe izinhlelo ze-collettings ngezindlela zomdlandla. umehluko wezinga lezwe [[[FLT: 1] [FLT]] uveza indlela izishaya-mthetho kanye nababusi bezwe — hhayi uhulumeni wezwe — abaklami abayinhloko bezemfundo yenguquko. Ngo-2023 kuphela, njengama-Arcession, Florida, ne-Oklavia enwendisiwe ngokuphawulekayo, kuyilapho ezinye izikole zesikole zakudala noma ziqinisiwe ngokuqinile.

Ukukhokha Izimali Nokuhlukana Kwabantu

I-Ellinois futhi inquma izindlela zokuxhasa imali yemfundo ye K-12, ngokuvamile exhomeke ezintelani zempahla. Lokhu kwenza ukuba kube nokungalingani phakathi kwezifunda ezicebile nezimpofu. I-Illinois inesinye sezimiso zemali ezingcono kakhulu ezweni, lapho izifundazwe ezinezinga eliphezulu zempahla zithola usizo oluncane kumfundi ngamunye kunalezo ezicebile. Ngokungafani, ngokwezimo ezithi zisebenzisa imithombo yezimali ebanzi eqondisa imithombo yezimali ukuze ifinyelele emiphakathini ephansi. Umphumela wale mithetho uthinta ngokuqondile amakilasi, intela, uthisha, nokutholakala kwezifundo eziphambili.

2. Isimiso Sobulungisa Sobugebengu Bezigebengu: Ukukhokha Ubugebengu Nesijeziso

Imibuso yoMbuso ephethe ukwahlulela kobugebengu iphakathi kwezindawo ezithatha kakhulu. Izwe ngalinye lilondoloza eyalo imithetho yokujezisa, izinhlangano zokuqikelelwa komthetho, nezimiso zokujezisa. Nakuba uhulumeni uqulisa uhulumeni othile ngokukhipha amacala anjengokushushumbisa izidakamizwa emazweni ahlukene noma ukuphulwa kwezindawo, ubugebengu obuningi — kusukela ebugebengwini kuya ekubulaleni — bubekwa ngaphansi komthetho wombuso. Leligunya linikeza ukunquma okukhulu ekuhleleni izijeziso, ekuchazeni amacala, nasekusebenziseni izinguquko.

Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngezwe

Mhlawumbe akukho mpikiswano ebonisa kangcono amandla ombuso enkantolo yobugebengu kunokubekwa kwensangu ngokomthetho. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kwemithetho kahulumeni ngaphansi kwe-Guiced Substances Act, izifundazwe ziye zenza ngokwazo. IColorado neWashington zaba yimibuso yokuqala yokusebenzisa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2012 ngokukhetha i-vota. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amazwe angu-24 ne-Fography yase-Columbia aye avumela ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Izwe ngalinye [FLT: 0] libeka imithetho yalo siqu [: i-Oregon ivumela ukulinywa kwasekhaya ukuba kube yizitshalo ezine, kuyilapho i-U6 imingcele eqinile yezokwelapha i-can kanye ne-palgnome. Izingxabano eziphakathi kwezwe nomthetho wombuso zihlala zingapholiseki, kodwa izimemezela amandla aqhubeke ngemithetho yawo, intela, nemithetho yentela.

Ukugwetshwa Nokugwetshwa

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma iziqondiso zokugweba ubugebengu, okuholela ekuhlukaneni kwezindawo phakathi kwemiphakathi yasejele. I-Three Gitting Law yaseCalifornia yadlula ngo-1994, idinga izigwebo zokuphila ngenxa yecala lesithathu, ifaka iqhaza ezakhamuzini zasejele ezinkulu. I-patlement futhi ikhulula ngokushesha ngezinhlelo ezinjengo Proposition 57, inikeza amabhodi amasuntswana angcono. Ngokungafani noLouisie, isho ukuthi impela iLouisiana iye yathembela emigwebweni emide esemthethweni, kodwa inguquko yamuva nje ezingeni lezwe iye yanciphisa izigwebo zeziboshwa zezenzwe ezingenabudlova. Isigwebo, igedlo, isigaba, isigaba, futhi ibuyisela amalungelo abekwe ngokwezimo.

Ukuzama Ukuphoqelela Amaphoyisa

Imibuso yoMbuso idlulela nasezimisweni zokugcinwa komthetho. Ngokulandela ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho ephezulu, njengaseCalifornia nase-New York imisa imithetho yokulungisa izakhiwo zamaphoyisa efuna amakhamera endikimba, ukuvinjelwa kweminyango, nokwakha amabhodi aqondisayo. Ngokungafani noIdaho udlulise izikweleti ezivimbela amandla ohulumeni bendawo ukuqeda amaphoyisa anyusiwe. Izwe ngalinye libeka ngokuzimele imithetho yokuthembisa izinhlangano zalo zokugcinwa kwemithetho.

3. Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Zempilo: Ukulawula Ukuphazamiseka Nenhlalakahle Yansuku Zonke

Impilo yomphakathi iyindlela yamaphoyisa avamile yokusebenza, ivumela izifundazwe ukuba zihlukanise abantu, zikhiphe ukugoma, zilawule ukugoma kwezempilo. Leligunya lalibonakala ngokugcwele phakathi nobhadane lweCOVID-19, kodwa futhi lilawula izindaba zempilo ezivamile njengokuhlola izindawo zokudlela kanye nokubika izifo.

Ukugonywa Kwemithi Kuyadayiswa Ezikoleni

Zonke izifunda-mazwe ezingu-50 zidinga ukugonywa okuthile ukuze kugonywe izikole, kodwa izimfuneko nokungahoxi kwezenkolo kuyahluka. Ngo-2015 iCalifornia yasusa ukunqatshelwa kwemijovo yesikole ngemva kokuqubuka kwesimungumungwane esihlangene neDisneyland. IMississippi neNtshona Virginia kudala ingazinzi izimiso zokubulala izinambuzane, kuyilapho amazwe anjengo-Oklahoma evumela ukukhulula okubanzi kwenkolo nokukholelwa komuntu siqu. [FLD:] ukungafani kwezinga eliphezulu lokugoma kanye nokuvikela umhlambi emiphakathini.

Amandla Aphuthumayo Phakathi Ne - Pandemic

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, ababusi basebenzisa amandla aphuthumayo ukuze bakhiphe iziyalezo zokuhlala ekhaya, ukuthunga izifihla - buso, nokuhlela imithombo yezokwelapha. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengoMichigan, zifaka izivalo eziqinile ezabe zikhona kamuva ezibekelwe inselele ezinkantolo zikahulumeni, kuyilapho izifundazwe ezinjengoFlorida no South Dakota zagcina amabhizinisi amaningi evulekile. ukusabela ekuphenduleni [[ zibonisa indlela amandla ombuso angaholela ngayo emiphumeleni ehlukene yempilo yomphakathi nezomnotho. Izwe futhi yanquma ukusakazwa kwemijovo, kanye nokusakaza imijongo yasebe abadala kanye nabanye abantu ababalulekile.

Ukuqondisa Izindlela Zokunakekela Impilo

Ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo, izikhulu zikahulumeni zigunyaza izibhedlela, amakhaya asebegugile, nezikhungo zokulungisa. Bamisa izilinganiso zezisebenzi, izindinganiso zokulawula izifo, nezimiso zokulandisa. Ngokwesibonelo, iCalifornia igunyaza izilinganiso ezithile zomhlengikazi ezisiza abaguli ezibhedlela, inkambiso engaqalwanga eTexas noma eMississippi. Amazwe futhi aqondisa ukuguqulwa kwezibhedlela ezingazuzisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi udinga inzuzo iyahlangatshezwana.

4. Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile: Ukusuka Emkhathini Ohlanzekile Kuya Ekuvikelweni Kwezilwane Zasendle

Isivikelo sendawo ezungezile singumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe kahulumeni wezwe, kodwa izifundazwe ngokuvamile zihola ekusingatheni ukungcola, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokulondolozwa kwendawo. Ngaphansi kwe-Ceac Air Act, izifundazwe zinikwe amandla okusungula iZimiso ze-Hulumeni Zokuhlela (SIP) ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zohlobo lomoya wezwe. Izifunda eziningi zidlulela ngalé kwezimfuneko zikahulumeni.

Igunya Eliyingqayizivele LeCalifornia

ICalifornia inendawo ekhethekile ekuqondiseni indawo ezungezile. Yathola imvume yokulahla i-EPA ngaphansi kwe-EEPA Air Act ukuba imise eyayo izindinganiso zokukhipha imoto, futhi eminye imibuso ingakhetha ukwamukela imithetho eqinile yeCalifornia. Njengango-2024, 17 izifundazwe ziye zamukela uhlelo lwezimoto ezihlanzekile zaseCalifornia, zikwazi ukumisa isilinganiso sezwe lonke sabenzi bezimoto. esihamba phambili imboni yezimoto ezimotweni zikagesi ngokushesha kunemithetho kahulumeni efunayo. Izwe lifana neNew York neMassachusetts liye lamukela futhi umthetho we-root yeKliging California (ZEV).

Ukusetshenziswa Komlilo Wamanzi Namanzi Asesimweni Esifanele

I-odore ilawula izinga lamanzi phakathi kwemingcele yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Florida iseke yamisa izindinganiso zokuthuthukisa izakhi zokunakekela izimbali e-Everglades, kanti i-Oregon ibeke imingcele eqinile ekuphumeni kwezolimo eMfuleni i-Willamette. ENtshona, imibuso ilawula amalungelo amanzi abekelwe indawo, amandla anzima phakathi nesomiso. Umthetho wamanzi waseColorado, osekelwe ekuhlaseleni kwangaphambi kwe-aproprigales, ulawula ukuthi amanzi angakanani angasetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengaseCalifornia nase-Oregon izimali ezikhungweni zokuvimbeleni iqua amanzi, ubeka imithetho yokwakha ezifundeni eziko zomlilo kanye nokuphatha imidlalo enciphe kakhulu.

Umklamo Wezwe Ovikelwe

Izwe lizenzela amapaki nezindawo zokuhlala zasendle. ITexas inezindawo zokuhlala ezingaphezu kuka-90, kanti isimiso sepaki likahulumeni waseCalifornia sihlanganisa izindawo ezidumile ezinjengepaki lika-Yosemite elingumakhelwane. Izwe futhi ligunyaza ukuhlanganisa indawo ukuze kuvikelwe izindawo ezingconywana nezikhukhula. amandla okulondoloza indawo [ ihlala ezindlu zomthetho nasezikhungweni zesifunda, kuhlanganise namabhodi ezwe aphethe izigidi zamahektare omphakathi wezwe okuthembana.

5. Izakhiwo Zokuhamba: Ukwakha Nokugcina Amanethi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zokuthutha ziphakathi kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zikahulumeni, eziphethe imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho, kanye nokuthuthwa komphakathi. Uhulumeni kahulumeni unikeza izimali ezinkulu ngeHighway Trust Fund, kodwa uhulumeni ulawula indlela leyomali esetshenziswa ngayo futhi ubeke ezazo kuqala.

Ukubeka Imingcele Yejubane Nemithetho Yezimoto

Esinye sezibonelo ezisobala kakhulu zamandla kahulumeni ukubeka isilinganiso sesivinini. Nakuba uhulumeni wamazwe ake wayala ukuba ijubane le-mph lilinganiselwa (libuye lathathwa ngo-1995), uphawula ukuthi manje ubeke imingcele emigwaqweni emikhulu yase-Australia. IMontana yayingazindili ngesivinini samashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ihlale nge-mph engu-80. IHawaii ihlela inani eliphezulu lama-mph emaphethelweni ayo. Amazwe alawula futhi ukushayela okuphazamisa: iGeorgia ivimbela noma isiphi isisetshenziswa ngesandla lapho ishayela, kanti i-Texas iyayenqabela ukubhalisa izimpawu kodwa ivumela izingcingo zezandla. iziqondiso ezihlukeneyo idinga abashayeli ukuba balungise ukuziphatha kwabo lapho benqamula imigqala.

Ukusekela Imisebenzi Yokwakha

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma indlela yokunyusa inzuzo yemigwaqo nokuthutha. Intela ye-Oregon ngelitha likaphethiloli likaphethiloli kodwa izama ngemali esekelwe ku-mayela. ICalifornia yavumela ukwanda kwentela yegesi (SB 1) ngo-2017 ekhuphula izigidi zezigidi minyaka yonke zokulungisa umgwaqo. Ezinye izifundazwe, njenge Washington, ziye zasungula uhlelo lwekhabhonikhabhoni engenisa imali yemisebenzi yokuthutha. Okwamanje, zisho njenge-Alaskan imigwaqo ngokuyinhloko ngenkokhelo kawoyela, ezishiya zingavikelekile ekuthengeni intengo yentengo yemali.

Ukuthutha Komphakathi Nerail

Izwe lisebenza futhi lisekela izimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi. i-MTA yaseNew York iyinhlangano enkulu kakhulu yezokuthutha eNyakatho Melika, elawulwa yizwe. I-Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) iyinhlangano kahulumeni. i-United States ilawula ukwakhiwa kwesitimela esilula, isitishi esihambayo, nezokuthutha ibhasi. Izibonelo zamuva zihlanganisa ukwanda kwe-Virginia iSilver Line ne-Colorado’s Dever Regionary Transportation District (RTD).

6. Amaphoyisa Athuthukisa Umnotho: Ayawathonya Futhi Ayakhula Amabhizinisi

Izwe lincintisana kakhulu ngamabhizinisi nangemisebenzi. Lisebenzisa izisusa zentela, imali ebolekiwe, futhi linikeze izinhlelo zokuyenga izinkampani nokuqalwa kwezindawo. Lokhu kuwukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamandla kahulumeni ukuhlela izomnotho zalo, okuhlukile kwenqubo yezezomnotho kahulumeni.

Abagqugquzeli Bentela Nokuthuthwa Kwentela

Lapho i-Amazon imemezela ukufunwa kwayo kwendlunkulu yesibili (HQ2), izifundazwe zanikeza izigidi zezigidi ngezikhathi zentela. INew York neVirginia ekugcineni zawina, kodwa ezinye izifundazwe eziningi njengeTexas neNyakatho Carolina zanikeza izisusa ezinkulu emisebenzini emincane. Izifunda ezinjenge Nevada neDelaware zazisaziwa ngezakhiwo ezingcono zentela zenkampani ezikhanga indlunkulu futhi zifakelwe kuyo. Nokho, izikhankambi zezentengiselwano ziphikisana; izifunda ezifana noWisconsian zibhekene nokuhlolwa kokunikeza uFoxconn iphakethelipu yezigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 (awulm) eyaholela emisebenzini encincane kakhulu kunesithembiso. [[FLT: 0] Lezi zinqulution zezezentengo zezentengiselwano enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezisebenzi

I-Madoda axhasa amakholiji omphakathi nezinhlelo zokuqeqeshela umsebenzi ezivumelana nezidingo zezemboni zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, iMichigan inohlelo "I-Going Pro" olukhokhela abaqashi izindleko zokuqeqesha. Uhlelo lwe-Chuck Start lwaseGeorgia lunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhululekile kwamabhizinisi amasha. Amazwe asebenzisa iziteshi zokufundisa ngemisebenzi, ngokunakekela impilo, nangobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa. Le zinhlelo zihlotshaniswa nezimakethengiso zemisebenzi ezingokombuso futhi ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuthuthukisa izomnotho.

Izindlu Nezoning

Imibuso kahulumeni yokusebenzisa indawo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho. Ngokwesiko inikezwa ohulumeni bendawo, izifundazwe eziningi manje ziqeda ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezindlu zendawo. ICalifornia yamisa imithetho efuna ukuba amadolobha avumele imisebenzi yezindlu eziminyene phakathi nendawo eduze nokuthutha, ilawula imithetho yendawo yokuhlela. I-Oregon evinjelwe uhulumeni owodwa kuphela ohlala ezindaweni ezithile ngo-2019. Le misebenzi iyimibuso esetshenziswa ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zezindlu, ngokuvamile isekela ukumelana nentuthuko yendawo.

7. Umshado Nomthetho Womkhaya: Ukuhlonipha Ubuhlobo Namalungelo

Umthetho womkhaya cishe uyingxenye kahulumeni ngokuphelele, uhlanganisa umshado, isehlukaniso, ukuwinwa kwabantwana, ukutholwa, nobudlova basekhaya. Uhulumeni kahulumeni ungase uqaphele imishado ngezinzuzo zikahulumeni (isib., iSocial Security, ukufuduka), kodwa uhulumeni unquma ukufaneleka nokuwohloka.

Imithetho Yomshado Nelayisense

I-States imisa inkathi yomshado ngemvume yabazali futhi ngaphandle. Zonke izifundazwe ziye zaphakamisa iminyaka elinganiselwe yemishado yaba ngu-18 eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa ikhona. I-Arkansas yavumela abantu abaneminyaka engu-16 ubudala ukuba bashade ngemvume yokwahlulela kuze kube ngu-2023, lapho ikhuphula inkathi yeminyaka yaba ngu 18. Izwe lichaza ukuthi ubani ongase ashade naye; umshado ofanayo we-express usemthethweni ezweni lonke ngemva [Obergefell v. Hodges, kodwa lisho ukuthi usaphatha inqubo yokuzingela. Abanye basho ukuthi u-Alaba banezimpikiswano ngomshado. Abanye njengo-Alaba balelwa ngama-Alaba baphathi lapho benqaba ukuphikisana nabo ngemithetho efuna ukuveza imibhangqwana efana ne-ex - .

Isehlukaniso Nelungelo Lokugcina Izingane

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha amacala esehlukaniso, ukumisa isisekelo sokudilizwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, nokwahlulelwa kwempahla. Izakhiwo zomphakathi ziveza ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho ukwabiwa okulinganayo kunezimo ezinjengokuhlukanisa izinto zaseNew York kodwa hhayi ngokulinganayo. Izinqumo zokuwinwa kwabantwana ziyahlukahluka futhi: ezinye izifunda zikhetha imibandela yokugcinwa kwabantwana ngamaqembu, kuyilapho ezinye zicabangela isithakazelo esingcono kakhulu somntwana ngaphandle kokubekwa imvume. [FLT:] Leyomthetho ehlukene [ isho ukuhlukanisa umbhangqwana eTexas ibhekene imithetho ehlukene kuneyaseMassachusetts.

Ukutholwa Nokunakekelwa Kwabantwana Abatholwa

Izwe lilawula izimiso zokutholwa nokunakekelwa kwabantwana, libekela abazali bokutholwa izimfuneko futhi liphethe inxusa lezenhlalakahle yabantwana. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengo-Utah, zivumela izinhlangano zenkolo ukuba zenqabe ukufakwa kwezisebenzi zezingane zokutholwa ku LGBTQ+ imibhangqwana, kuyilapho iCalifornia ivimbela ukucwaswa. Amazwe futhi anquma ukuthi osingamzali angamukela yini ngaphandle kokuqeda amalungelo omzali ongeyena umzali. Umehluko emthetho wokutholwa uthinta ngokuqondile imikhaya eminingi efuna ukukhula noma ukunakekela abantwana.

Isiphetho: Indima ebalulekile Yamandla Ombuso

Izibonelo ezingenhla zibonisa ukuthi amagunya ombuso awayona isisekelo sokubusa kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ezincwadini ezifundwa emakilasini ezindlela zesikole kuya emingceleni yejubane emigwaqweni, kusukela ekubengeni okungokomthetho kwe-cannabis kuya emithethweni yomshado, isho ukuthi adale isimo esingokomthetho nesomthetho esihlela ukuphila kwaseMelika. Isimiso sikahulumeni sivumela lokhu kushintshashintshashintsha, ukwenza amazwe asebenze njengezindawo zokuhlola intando yeningi, azame ukuvivinya izimiso ezingase zishukumisele ekuthatheni isinyathelo esilinganisweni sesizwe noma zilahlwe ngemva kokuhluleka. Ukuqonda lamandla kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifuna ukuhlukanisa izinselele zokuphila kwezombangazwe kwaseMelika. Njengoba kunjalo ukuthi isimo siyaqhubeka sibhekana nezinselele ezintsha — ukushintsha isimo somphakathi, ukuwohloka kwezesayensi, izinkinga zezenhlalo nezenhlalo — igunya laso liyohlala lisengxenyeni enkulu yesizwe. Imibuso yombuso kahulumeni nemibuso ephakathi kwemibuso ebusayo yonke iyaqhubeka, kodwa ukukhumbuza ukubhekana nezinquba khona ezinqubweni zezindawo ezingokomthetho zasekhaya ezivamile zezindawo ezingokomthetho ezivamile ukuze sisakazeni.