Izisekelo Ezingokomthetho Zalabo Abafuna Ukuphenya Ngempahla

Izenzo zokuphambanisa nophawu ngokuvamile zidinga abaphenyi ukuthola ubufakazi obungokoqobo noma obungokwezinombolo kubagconwa. Ngaphandle kwemvume engokomthetho, ukuqoqa ubufakazi okunjalo kungaphazamisa isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo ekuphenyeni okungaqondakaliyo nokuquleka. E-United States, iSichibiyeli sesine simisa imfuneko eyisisekelo yokuthi imvume isekelwe ngesizathu esilindelekile futhi ichaze ngokukhethekile indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi izinto zithathwe. Ukucwaninga ngempahla (IP) okungokomthetho, lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ikuphi ukuphenywa noma ukuphaza okungenziwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni, noma ukuvinjelwa okungaqasheki okungaqashelwanga ngokuphawulekayo kobufakazi nomthetho.

Ezimweni eziningi ze-IP, abacwaningi abazimele namaqembu ezinhlangano zokuphepha abazimele abanakuthola imvume ngokwawo; amanxusa agunyaza umthetho kahulumeni kuphela (umz. FBI, u-UPTO, ukugcinwa komthetho, noma amaphoyisa endawo) angawafaka. Nokho, amalungu azimele angafuna imvume yokuthumba ngaphansi kwemithetho eqondile, enjenge Trademark Counting Act ka 1984 I-U.C. . . . . .1116(d) noma Imithetho esemthethweni esemthethweni esemthethweni ephakathi kwemiya noma phakathi kwemiyalo ye--I-igethi ye-om.[FLT] [35] [U.C.S. 283].] Lemiyalo esemthethweni efanayo ivumela ukuba ivumelane ukuhlukanisa izivumelwano kodwa i-uniculculthi efuna ukuphatha abantu.

Izimfuneko Zokuthola Umsizi Oyinqaba Ezikhwameni Ezinkulu Nezamabhizinisi

Imbangela Enengqondo

Imbangela enengqondo isisekelo sanoma isiphi isisebenzisi sokugunyaza. Ukuhlola i-IP, kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela isho ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe anikeze amaqiniso anele ukuze aholele umuntu onengqondo ukuba akholelwe ukuthi ubufakazi bokuphambuka okuthile bukhona endaweni okuzoseshwa. Lokhu akudluli nje ekungaqiniseki; i-affidavit kumelwe ihlanganise imininingwane eqinile enjengokufakaza kofakazi, amarekhodi okuhlola, ukuthengwa kwezinto zomgunyathi, noma ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa isisulu sokuphazamisa umsebenzi.

Izinkantolo ziye zathi kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela emacala omgunyathi aphawulayo ingamiswa ngokuphawula komseshi oqeqeshiwe impahla enephawu elibhaliwe elibonakala lingagunyaziwe. Ngokufanayo, emacaleni asemthethweni, imbangela okungenzeka iboniswe ngokuqhathanisa izici zomkhiqizo omangalelwe neziqu zemvume ezigunyaziwe nokuthola ubufakazi obungochwepheshe bokuthi umkhiqizo ungena endongeni yokugunyazwa.

I - affidavit: Iqoqo Nokuqukethwe

Isikhulumi sinesifungo esibhaliwe esiya kumahluleli noma kumahluleli.

  • Ikhono nezimfanelo ze-affiant (umzk., i-FBI ekhethekile ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-IP, umseshi we-USPTO, noma umseshi wendawo owathola izimpahla zomgunyathi).
  • [ amaqiniso afingqiwe asungula imbangela okungenzeka , kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izindawo, izincazelo zokuphazamisa izinto, nanoma iziphi izinto ezithengwa ngokufihla noma ukuhlolwa.
  • Ukuhlelwa kokuhlangana phakathi kokuphambanisa nendawo okumelwe iphenywe [ (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi umsoli usebenza endaweni yokugcina impahla lapho kugcinwa khona izimpahla zomgunyathi, noma ukuthi i-software ye-pyring ehonjiwe ephakanyiswayo).
  • Ukuhlanganisa amalungelo athile e-IP okuhilelekile: izinombolo zephawu olubhaliwe, izinombolo ezisemthethweni, kanye nobufakazi bokuthi umnini (umz., i-USPTO sitifiketi).
  • Isimo sokuthi ubufakazi obufunwe bungatholakala [ endaweni phakathi nesikhathi esilinganiselwe (ibaluleke kakhulu ekugugeni noma ekunyakaziseni impahla ye-apply).

Ukuba Nengxenye: Kumelwe Inqaba Icaciswe Kangakanani?

Imfuneko ekhethekile ivimbela ukusesha okuvamile − isivikelo esiyinhloko ekungeneni kohulumeni ngokungena. Kuphengululo lwe-IP, imvume kumelwe icace:

  • Ikheli eliqondile noma indawo yenombolo (umzk., ikheli elikhethekile le-IP, i-akhawunti yokugcina amafu, noma indawo engokoqobo). Izincazelo eziningi ezifana “noma imaphi amacomputer asetshenziswa yi-openter asolwayo” ngokuvamile azanelisi.
  • Izinhlobo zezinto okumelwe zithathwe. Kuwo omgunyathi ongokoqobo: “Zonke izinto ezithwala uphawu olubhaliwe lweXYZ ezigqeni zezingubo, amalebula, nehlombe.” Ukuze uthole ubufakazi be-minuber: “Izinsimbi ezihamba kanzima namafayela aqukethe imidwebo yobunjiniyela ehlobene no-U.S. No-999,999.999”
  • Ifulegi yesikhathi okuthiwa iphazamisa . Uma ubufakazi buthatha iminyaka eminingana, isiqinisekiso kufanele sichaze ukuthi kungani izinto ezindala zihlala zibalulekile.
  • Nakuphi ukulinganiselwa kwendlela yokuhlola , njengokufuna ukuba abahloli be-ontensic basebenzise izinhluzo ezingundoqo ukuze bagweme ukubukeza ukuxhumana okungadingekile.

Ukucabangela Okubi

Imvume isebenza kuphela esabelweni sesifunda senkantolo ekhipha inkantolo. Emacaleni e-IP lapho kuphambaniswa khona imisebenzi enqamule izwe noma imingcele yezwe, abaphenyi bangadinga izivumelwano eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izimpahla zomgunyathi zikhiqizwa kwesinye isifunda, zigcinwe kwesinye, futhi zithengiselwe kuyi-webhusayithi e-inthane yase-inthanethi ku-intshi ye-IP, indawo ngayinye idinga imvume ehlukene enkantolo elawula leyo ndawo. Izinkantolo ze-Frevel zilawula izwe lonke ngenxa yezenzo ezithile zobugebengu be-IP, kodwa lo mthetho kusamelwe uwenziwe esifundeni lapho ukufuna kusenzeka khona (F. R. R. Crim.

Ngokomongo wezizwe zonke, ukugcinwa kwe-IP kungenza izivumelwano zokusizana ngokomthetho (IMLAT) noma izinhlamvu, njengoba izivumelwano zangaphandle zingagunyaziswanga ngokuqondile e-United States, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Abangenisi kufanele bathintane ne-International Trade Commission [[FLT]] [i-ITC] yezecala ezingokomthetho ezihilela izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe, njengoba i-ITC ingakhipha iziyalezo ezifana nezimfuneko emngceleni.

Ukucatshangelwa Ngokukhethekile Kobufakazi Bezinombolo

Ukuphambanisa kwanamuhla kuhlanganisa izinto ze-IP ezisetshenziswayo: i-software ephefumlelweyo, uhlu lwe-eÚcommerce mbumbulu, izimfihlo zezohwebo ezebiwe ezigcinwe kubaqondisi bamafu, noma amagama ezindawo ezingenisa uphawu. Izinkantolo ziye zasungula ezinye izivikelo zokuvikela imfihlo ekuhloleni izinombolo:

  • Ukunciphisa kwe-Data: Isiqinisekiso kufanele silinganisele ukuseshwa kwamafayela ngokunokwenzeka okuqukethe ubufakazi bokuphikiswa okuthile kwe-IP, ukugwema ukubukezwa kobukhulu bama-imeyili yomuntu siqu, izithombe, noma amarekhodi ebhizinisi angahlobene.
  • Imithetho elandelwayo ye-Fensac: Imvume eziningi manje zidinga ukuba uchwepheshe wengxenye yesithathu ye-ocensic noma umniniyo okhethekile aqhube ukuseshwa, noma ukuthi ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenzisa “imvume yokubhalisa” ukuqinisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba afake isicelo sesiqinisekiso sokufuna isiko.
  • Nothiyensi kumnakekeli: Ngaphansi komthetho we-Vreed Communications Act (U.S.C. 76703), amafakela ama-imeyili noma ezinye izixhumana zobuchwepheshe ezigcinwe nge-lastrightisms (umz., Google, i-Interssion Services) kumelwe zivumelane nezimfuneko eziqondile. Izimfundaze ngokuvamile zikhetha phakathi kwesiqinisekiso (okudingeka izimbangela) kanye nohlelo lwe-2703 (uhlelo) (uhlelo olufanele lungasoleki).
  • Isikhathi nokubukeza : Ukuhlolwa kwezibalo kungahlanganisa ukuthatha izithombe ngezindlela ezinzima. Izinkantolo zibeka imingcele yesikhathi esiningi ekubukezeni kwe-fonsic(umz., “uhulumeni kumelwe aqede ukubukeza kwawo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-60 futhi abuye noma abhubhise noma iziphi izinto ezingathandeki."

Icala eliphawulayo [[FLT]] Riley v. California (2014] iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga isiqinisekiso sokuhlola ucingo lwamakhalekhukhwini, ngisho nesenzakalo sokuboshwa. Lesisimiso siye sasetshenziswa kuma-laptop namaphilisi abanjwe ekuhlolweni kwe-IP, ukuqinisa isidingo se-data , i-data-precie.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Komkhuba We - IP Ongalawuleki

Ukubusa Kwamaqhinga Nokucindezelwa

Uma imvume itholakala ingenayo imbangela okungenzeka ukuthi ikhona, noma yibuphi ubufakazi obuqanjwe bungabekelwa phansi ngaphansi komthetho wokuzihlukanisa. Kumthetho we-IP, ukucindezelwa kungabulala ecaleni ngoba ubufakazi bokuchaphaza (umz., izimpahla zomgunyathi, izimpawu zemithombo) ngokuvamile ziwubufakazi obuyisisekelo becala. Abameli ngokuvamile babekela inselele ezisekelweni ukuthi i-affidavit iqukethe ukwaziswa okungakholekiyo (ngokomzekelo, ukuthengwa okwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili akubonisi ukuphikiswa kwempahla kulokhu kuphikisa.

Abathandi Beminyango Neziqondiso Ezivikelayo

Ukuze kugcinwe isici esimangalisayo, abaphenyi be-IP ngezinye izikhathi bacela ukuba kufakwe imvume yokuvala kuze kuqedwe. Imvume yokuvala isisulu ekubhubhiseni ubufakazi. Nokho, ukubekwa uphawu kumelwe kuthethelelwe ngokubonisa ukuthi ukuphenya kuzoba yingozi. Uma ukuphenya sekuphelele, uphawu luyasuswa, futhi isigqebhezana sinelungelo lokubukeza i-affidavit (ihlose ukubuyisela impumelelo ekuphenyeni okuqhubekayo).

Abalindele

Kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi ukugxambukela izimpahla kuyofika endaweni ethile esikhathini esizayo (ngokwesibonelo, ibhokisi lebhakegi lomgunyathi elilindelwe ethekwini. imvume yokuziphendulela [ ivumela ukufunwa ukuba kufe uma isimo sokudubulisa (umz., ukuhanjiswa kwebhokisi) kwenzeka. I-ffidavit kumelwe ichaze ukuthi kungani kungenzeka ukuba kube khona lapho kubulawa imvume yokubulala, hhayi nje ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izimo Ezibucayi Ziyahluka

Izimo azidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kuphuthuma ukuthola isiqinisekiso kungaholela ekubhujisweni kobufakazi noma ingozi kubantu, izikhulu zingafuna ngaphandle kwemvume ngaphansi kwezimo [[FLT: 0] ezingaphandle. Emacaleni e-IP, lokhu kungavela uma abakhohlisi bewaphula ngokushesha amadokhumende noma becisha amafayela. Nokho, inkantolo zingahlolisisa kakhulu iziphakamiso ezinjalo; uhulumeni uthwele umthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhulu esinengqondo sasingakholelwa ukuthi isinyathelo esisheshayo sasidingeka.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlolwa Kwamaqembu Angokomthetho

Ukulungiselela Isimiso Sangaphambi Kwesigamu

  1. Amalungelo e-IP aphelele[: Thola amakhophi agunyaziwe okubhalisa okugunyaziwe noma uphawu, uchungechunge lwesiqu, nanoma iziphi izivumelwano ezigunyazayo.
  2. Intengo elawulwayo [: Thenga izimpahla eziyisampula noma ukhuphe inguquko yomphimbo othiwa uphazamisa umkhiqizo ukuze usungule umxhumanisi oqondile wosolwayo. Sebenzisa intengiselwano ebhaliwe neketanga (ketanga) {of_cumbody's salm.
  3. ichaza zonke izindawo ezingase zikhona[: Izindawo zokugcina impahla, amahhovisi, amakheli asekhaya, izimoto, kanye nokugcina kwemivo (ama-akhawunti efu, izisebenzisi ze-imeyili, isivinini sokusekela).
  4. [ Drobula i-affidavit eningiliziwe: Sebenzisa isilinganisi se-template esivela e-Ofisi ye-U.S. e-Attorney noma ifemu yomthetho ejwayelene nokuquleka kwe-IP. Hlanganisa amabalazwe, izithombe, nemibiko ye-octensic njengemixwe.
  5. Ikhontinethi negunya elikhombayo: Ezicaleni zobugebengu, sebenza noMsizi wase-U.S. Attorney (AUSA) ukuqinisekisa i-affidavit ihlangana nezindinganiso zenkantolo yendawo. Ezimweni zomphakathi, ummeli anganxusa umthetho [[FLT:] we-exte traise processing system [[ ngaphansi kwe-Lanham Act noma Patant Act.

Ukubulawa Kwesigebengu

  • Bheka imingcele yophawu ngaphambi kokuhlola. Uma umbhalo uvumela ukuthunjwa “zonke iziteki zomgunyathi” kodwa uhlu luhlanganisa futhi izinto ezingangeni ekuhefeni, lezo kumelwe zishiywe ngaphandle kokuba ziwele kwenye indawo (umz., imbonakaliso ocacile).
  • yenza uhlu oluningiliziwe lwazo zonke izinto ezibanjwayo, kanye nezinkampane nezithombe. Nikeza umuntu ompahla yakhe yahlolwa, njengoba kufunwa nguMthetho 41(f).
  • Imishini yenombolo enezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubhala : sebenzisa amabhuloho okubhala, izidlali, isithombe, nesizotha ukuze ugcine ubufakazi buthembekile.

Ingqungquthela Yokuhlola Yangemva Kwe -

Ngemva kokubulawa, uhulumeni kumelwe abuyisele imvume kanye nokuqulwa kwezincwadi enkantolo phakathi nesikhathi esithile esinqunyiwe. Uma ukuquleka kuhlanganisa izinto ezingahlelwanga edilini, lezozinto zingaba ngaphansi kwemvume ehlukile eyimfihlo [ noma kungase kudingeke ukubuyiswa. Ezindaweni ezihlukene, umthunjwa we-pective jaff kumelwe athumele isibopho ukuze afihle izingozi uma ukubhajwa kuphenduka ukuba kujike kunephutha (umz., uma isisulu singaphazanyiswanga).

Imibono Eqhathanisayo: United States v. European Union

Nakuba ukwakhiwa kweSichibiyelo sesine kuhlukile e-United States, eminye imikhakha eminingi inezimfuneko ezifanayo eziyimfuneko. Ngaphansi komthetho we-EU, i-EUROPAN Investigation Order (EIO) ivumela ukuphenyiswa kwe-crospellar fractive zimvume phakathi kwamalungu ezwe ezinecala le-IP yobugebengu. I-EIO ifuna igunya lokwahlulela kuhulumeni ofaka i-impoqo ukuze ithole ukuthi isilinganiso sidingekile futhi siyalingana, sifana nembangela. Nokho, i-EURC’s [FLT:] ye-JURLT] i-General Temperation Regation (GLTR)[FLT] ibeka imingcele eyengeziwe ekufinyeleleni kobufakazi bohlelo lwemidwebo, njengokudinga ukuhlolwa kwemininingwane yemininingwane yemininingwane yomuntu siqu.

Ezezimo ezisemthethweni ezihlanganisa izakhiwo ezivamile (i-SEPSALEN), amanye amazwe anjenge-Jalimane neJapane aye asungula izinqubo zokuthatheka ezicashiwe zempahla ethunyelwe emingceleni, ngaphandle kwenqubo engokwesiko yokugunyaza. E-U.S., i- International Trade Commission (ITC)[FLC] ingakhipha iziyalezo ezithiwa umsebenzi ofana nemvume, ivumele i-U.S. izinkolelo zokuthatha imikhiqizo emngceleni osekelwe ekutholeni kwe-omphathi `againformation, ngaphandle kwemvume yokufuna i-Reformationo yesine ngoba ukupheliswa komngcele kuqaliwe.

Imithetho Yamuva Nemikhuba Yokuqulwa Kwecala

Izinqumo zamuva ezimbalwa zicacise izimfuneko zemvume kuphengululo lwe-IP. United States v. Ganias [2d Cir. 2016], inkantolo yaveza ukuthi ukugcinwa kukahulumeni ngokungagudli kwe-computer enzima ekhutshelwe ngaphansi kwemvume eyagunyaza ukuthathelwa iSichibiyeli seSine kuphela semali. Lendaba igcizelela ukubaluleka kokubuya noma ukubulala ukwaziswa okungakhonziwa yi-62ponstive.

Okunye ukuthambekela kuwukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-data ye-geofence namakheli e-IP ukuveza iziphikisi ezingaziwa kuyi-intanethi. United States v.Calrie[ [4th Kir. 2023], inkantolo yafuna ukuba imvume yokugunyaza imininingwane yomlando we-Google isekelwe ngokunokwenzeka ngumuntu ngamunye odinga imininingwane yakhe, okuthiwa ukuphenya ngemisebenzi yomgunyathi we-parthi ye-racm esebenzisa izinkonzo eziyimfihlo.

Ekugcineni, ukunyuka kwezimpawu ezingaqondakali [izimpawu ze-NFT] kanye neziphawuli zenombolo emapulatifomuni eblockchain ziye zaphakamisa izimpikiswano ezinolwazi ezigunyaza ukugcinwa kwemvume. Abangenisi abafuna ukuqinisa noma ukuthatha izinto zemishini ezihlangene nokuchaphaza okungaqondakali okungaqondakali kumelwe kuhambisane nokushintshanisa okungaqondakali futhi kungadinga izimpawu ezihlukene zekheli ngalinye lemali yemali, futhi kungadingeka inselele ekhelini ngalinye lemali (*a inselele yemali ekhona ekhona ekhona ekhona ekhona ekhona namanje.

Isiphetho

Ukumisa izimfuneko zokugunyazwa kwemvume nophawu lokuhlola kudinga ukuqondwa kahle komthetho-mthetho, imithetho esemthethweni, nemithetho elawula ukusebenza kwe-IP. Noma ukusebenza icala lobugebengu noma ukuphamba kwemiphakathi ngaphansi koMthetho weLanham, abacwaningi kumelwe bakhe isisekelo esiqinile, ukukhipha i-affidavits, nokunamathela emingceleni yomthetho. Ngokubhekisele enqubeni engokomthetho, izenzo zokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho zihlala zisemthethweni futhi ubufakazi buhlala bukhona ngaphansi kwe-IP, kuvikela kokubili amalungelo e-IP kanye nendawo yomuntu siqu.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola U.S. iHhovisi le-patent ne-Trearkmark ukuze uthole iziqondiso zokuthatheka kophawu, kanye neC Counterfeiting Intelligence Bureaunior [[ yemicimbi engcono kakhulu yomhlaba wonke. [[FLT:]] FBI]FBI’S Iyuni eMFOCREARTRR UNITY [ futhi isakaza imithombo yeminyango ye-IP esemthethweni emicimbi.