Ukuqonda Indawo Ephakeme Engokomthetho Yokucwaninga Nge - Internet Okufinyelelekayo

Ukuhlola kwamanani kuye kwaba isisekelo sokugcinwa komthetho wanamuhla, kodwa uhlelo olungokomthetho olulawula indlela izinhlangano ezithola ngayo ukwaziswa kuyi-intanethi luhlala luyinkimbinkimbi futhi luthatha ngokushesha. Ukufuna, ngokunokwenzeka imbangela, nokulindela okunengqondo kwemfundiso yemfihlo konke ngezindlela ezihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukwaziswa kungokomphakathi wangempela, noma umphakathi, noma ngasese. Ochwepheshe bezomthetho, abaphathi, nabafundi bezindaba zobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda lemingcele kubalulekile ekuhloleni ngokomthetho nasekuvikeleni amalungelo abantu ngabanye ezweni elihlangene kakhulu.

ISichibiyelo sesine soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. sinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokungahlolisi okungacabangeli nokuquleka, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwazo izikhala zemishini kuye kwadinga ukuba izinkantolo zichaze kabusha izimiso ezindala emongweni wezobuchwepheshe banamuhla. Umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi ukufinyelela obala ukwaziswa okutholakalayo kuyi-we-wenu kuyi-"search" ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sesine futhi uma kunjalo, inqubo engokomthetho okumelwe iqale leyo ngxoxo. Ukuphendula le mpendulo idinga ukuphendulelwa okucacile komthetho, izimiso ze-tectumsformationss, nokusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokwahlulela eyimfihlo enkathini yezokuxhumana.

Yini Etholakala Emphakathini Ngemininingwane Ye - Internet?

Imininingwane etholakalayo yomphakathi ihlanganisa noma yikuphi ukwaziswa okungabonwa, okufinyelelwe, noma okutholwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso, amasheya, noma ezinye izilawuli zokungena. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kufakwe eziprofile ze-social social profile, iziphakamiso ze-wblog, izingxoxo ze-cuum ezikhonjwe ngezinjini zokuphenya, ama-meya kahulumeni atholakala obala, kanye nokwaziswa okukhona emawebhusayithi angadingi ukubhaliswa. Nokho, igama elithi "uwonke ongenekayo" lingakhohlisa. Okuqukethwe yi-mtheki ekwazi ukubonakala kunoma ubani ohlangene ne-intanethi kungasayiphatha isivikelo semficishini ye-mganothi kuye ngomongo esazi esaba ukuthi ihlelwe ingongo ekhona kanye nangalindelwe umuntu oyisebenzisayo.

Umehluko obucayi ukhona phakathi kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokwaziswa okutholakala obala. Imininingwane yokuthi umuntu usakaza ngenhloso emhlabeni cishe njenge-Istagram ye-akhawunti yomphakathi noma ukukhulumela kwekhasi lomphakathi le-Facebook(indawo ehlukile engokomthetho kunemininingwane etholakala ngezindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwe, ukwaziswa okuhlanganisa ulwazi, noma umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Ngokufanayo, ukwaziswa okufinyelelwayo obala kodwa okuhlanganyelwa nezilaleli ezilinganiselwe, njengokuthiwa nge-oval tram efundeka ngemishini yokuhlola, kufinyeza umugqa phakathi komphakathi nasese. Izinkantolo zezobuchwepheshe ziye zaqaphela ukuthi ukukhululeka akulingani njalo nokutholakala ngokomthetho ngezinjongo zophenguluko ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele.

ISichibiyelo Sesine Nokulindela Okunengqondo Kokuvivinywa Kwezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Ukuhlolwa kweSichibiyelo sesine seze-tem-tem kusekelwe ekulindeleni okunengqondo kokuhlola izinto zomuntu siqu okusungulwe Katz v. iUnited States [1967]. Ngaphansi kwalesi sici, ukuhlola kwenzeka lapho uhulumeni engenela indawo lapho umuntu elindele khona imfihlo enengqondo ukuthi umphakathi uzimisele ukuqaphela ukuthi unengqondo. Isicelo silula emphakathini, uma ukwaziswa kusobala kuyi-Internet, umuntu akakwazi ukugcina ukulindela okungamelwe kubonwe umthetho. INhlangano ayinakubona ithemba elinjalo elinengqondo uma ulwazi lukhona noma ubani okhathalela ukubheka.

Nokho, ukushintshashintsha kwe-calculus lapho kudluliselwa izingcezu eziningi zemininingwane etholakala obala kungaveza imininingwane ejulile ngokuphila komuntu, ukuhlangana, nemisebenzi yakhe. Inkolelo-mbono yokuhlobanisa, eye yathola iqoqo kwezinye izinkantolo zikahulumeni, isikisela ukuthi konke okungatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokwaziswa komphakathi kungadlula inani lezingxenye zayo, ukusungula iziphetho zeSiphendulo sesine ngisho nalapho izingcezu ngazinye zisobala. Le nkolelo iye yasetshenziswa ekulandeleni isikhathi eside i-GPS kanye neqoqo elikhulu le-metametameter, futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni okuhilela ukulahlwa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlola amabhulo amakhulu ezinto ezikhona obala ulwazi olutholakalayo.

Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme samisa amarekhodi eSimemezelo seSimemezelo seSine esidinga isiqinisekiso, ngisho noma lawo marekhodi abanjwe yiqembu lesithathu. Inkantolo yaqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi imininingwane yezimiso yembula ulwazi olujulile mayelana nokuphila komuntu siqu, futhi yenqaba ukusebenza okuqinile kwemfundiso yesithathu lapho ezobuchwepheshe zinikeza ukuqashelwa okuphelele. Nakuba [[FLT2:] [FLP] [FFT] [FLT] ikhuluma ngengqamuzana]

Izimiso Ezingokomthetho Ezilawulayo Nezici Ezingasetshenziswa Kuyi - Internet

Izimiso eziningi ezingokomthetho zilawula indlela ukugcinwa komthetho okungathola ngayo ukwaziswa kuyi-intanethi, futhi ngayinye isebenzelana nezimfuneko ezidingwayo ngendlela ehlukile. Imfundiso yesithathu ethathwe ku-United States v. Miller[FLT]][197] kanye Smith] v. Maryland[ [7979]), ibambe ukuthi abantu balahlekelwa ithemba elinengqondo lemfihlo elwazini abazidalula ezingxenyeni ezintathu. Ngaphansi kwalemfundiso, ukwaziswa kuhlanganwe nezinkonzo ze-intanethi, amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, nezinye iziteshi ze-internet media ezingeniswa ngaphandle kophawu oluvela ngokuqondile eqenjini yesithathu. [FL:] [FLT][FFFFFFF]

I-Ved Communications Act (SCA), ingxenye ye-Electronic Communications Ancy Act ka-1986, imisa izivikelo ze-octronics zezokuxhumana ngogesi futhi igcine imininingwane. I-SCA yakha isimiso esinemiqongo sesivikelo: ulwazi olutholakala obala lungatholakala ngaphandle kwenqubo engokomthetho; ukwaziswa okugcinwe yimboni yenkonzo izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-180 kungadinga i-pacream; futhi okuqukethwe yi-tecromacycy engavulwanga kungafinyelelwa kuphela ngesiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esifanelekile. Le nqubo yamanje ye-internet futhi iye yagxekwa njengephelelwe isikhathi, kodwa iyaqhubeka ibusa kakhulu inqubo efunwa umthetho ngezicelo zezobuchwepheshe.

Izimfuneko Ezinhle Zokwaziswa Nge - Internet: Ukuwohloka Okuphelele

Imfundiso Yokwaziswa Komphakathi

Ngaphansi kwemfundiso yolwazi yomphakathi, ukugcinwa komthetho kungaqaphela, kuqongelelwe, futhi kuqoqe noma yikuphi ukwaziswa okutholakala obala kuyi-Internet ngaphandle kwemfuneko yemvume, i-toppoena, noma uhlelo lwenkantolo. Lemfundiso ithola ukusekela kombono ocacile ocaciswe Coolidge v. New Hampshire [77], okuvumela abaphathi ukuba bathathe ubufakazi obusobala ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso uma bekhona ngokomthetho endaweni. Uhlelo lwezibalo lwezibalo lwe-miligic, ukuba "oyise ngokusemthethweni" lusho ukungena emizini efanayo leyo noma yiliphi ilungu lomphakathi elingangena kuyo. Isikhulu esibuka umphakathi umphako noma ukufunda i-Twishobocborn etholakalayo etholakalayo, asiqhubekile ngomqondo wokuhlola imvume ye-4.

Nokho, imfundiso yokwaziswa yomphakathi inemingcele. Uma umthetho usebenzisa ukukhohlisa, ukuxhaphaza, noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi angatholakali emphakathini wonke ukuze uthole ukwaziswa, ushintsho lokuhlaziya. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwenza i-akhawunti yomgunyathi yezenhlalo yokuhloba nokungena komgomo we-internet noma ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elihlukanisayo lokuvala i-password ukuze udlulise iziqondiso eziyisisekelo, kungadinga isiqinisekiso. Umehluko omkhulu uwukuthi ukwaziswa kuyiqiniso futhi ngempela kusobala, kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu ohlangene ne-intanethi evamile ye-intanethi angakubona ngokukhululekile, noma ukuthi ukwaziswa kumane nje kutholakala ngezindlela ezithile ezikhethekile ezingakholeki kubantu abavamile.

Lapho Kudingeka Inqaba

Isiqinisekiso esixhaswe yisizathu okungenzeka siyadingeka uma abenzi bemithetho befuna ukufinyelela imininingwane ye-inthanethi engafinyeleleki obala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okuqukethwe imilayezo eyimfihlo, imiyalezo eqondile, izikhungo zezokuxhumana ezibekelwe imingcele, amawebhusayithi okugcina amathumbu, ama-akhawunti okufaka ama-imeyili, ama-imeyili e-email adinga ukuqinisekiswa noma ezinye izilawuli zokungena. Ngokunokwenzeka indinganiso idinga ukuboniswa kwamaqiniso anele ukuze kuholwe umuntu onengqondo akholelwe ukuthi ubufakazi bobugebengu buzotholakala endaweni ezoseshwa, okusho ukulandisa okuthile, isisetshenziswa noma indawo yokwaziswa ephawulwe kwisicelo se-memodial.

Izindawo zokuthola ukwaziswa okunenombolo kumelwe zivumelane nemfuneko ekhethekile yeSichibiyelo sesine, esifuna ukuba lesi sivumelwano sichaze ngokuqondile izinto okumelwe zithathwe. Lesidingo sibaluleke kakhulu ekwazini ulwazi lwemishini ngoba isiqinisekiso esikhulu esingalinganisi izinga lokuqoqwa kokwaziswa kungagunyaza ukuphenywa kokwaziswa okuvamile komuntu siqu. Izinkantolo ziye zafuna incazelo ebanzi yokuhlola kwemishini ukuze zihlanganise imithetho engokomthetho, izisefo eziyinhloko, noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela uhulumeni ekuthatheni uhambo lokudoba izinhlanzi. Isibopho kumelwe siphawule ukulandisa okuqondile, izigaba ezithile zokwaziswa okufunwayo, nesikhathi sokuhlola, konke lokhu kuboniswa ukuthi ukwaziswa okuceliwe cishe kuqukethe ubufakazi bobugebengu.

I - Carpbate u - United States Ethonya Ukufuna Ukucwaninga Ngezinombolo

Isinqumo saguqula kakhulu isimo somuntu ukuze kuhlolwe ngokwezinombolo ngokuqaphela ukuthi imfundiso yesithathu eyingxenye ayinakusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokwaziswa eziphethwe yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Imibono yeNkantolo yagcizelela ukuthi ulwazi lwendawo yengqamuzana lunikeza "ifasitela elihlangeneyo lokuphila komuntu, elembula hhayi nje izinhlangano zakhe ezikhethekile, kodwa ngazo zonke izinkolo, isayensi, isayensi, kanye nezihlangene zobulili." Lokhu kuqonda kudlulela kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zemininingwane yolwazi olubonisa ukuziphatha, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi yezokuxhumana, imimetapo, ukubuka ama-webhu, ukubuka indawo, nokuhlanganisa iziteshi ze-webhu nendawo egcwele umphakathi.

Izinkantolo eziphansi ziye zathola Isimemezelo sokufuna izivumelwano zokungena kokwaziswa okuhlukene kwezenhlalo yezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi lapho uhulumeni efuna ukwaziswa okungokomlando okuzombula imisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye nezimiso ze-intanethi phakathi nenkathi ende. ISivumelwano seze-inthane Yesine, njengoba ezinye izazi zibiza loluhlelo oluvelayo, zisebenzisa ulwazi lwezingxenye ezihlukene zolwazi hhayi njengeqoqo lokwaziswa okuhlukene kodwa njengeqoqo elicacile nokwembula ngokujulile umlando wokuphila komuntu. Ngaphansi kwalesisici, imfuneko sesidingo singasebenza ngisho nalapho izingxenye zokwaziswa zitholakala obala, uma i-agtratex iveza ngaphezu kwalokho umuntu akwambula ngokuzithandela.

Abahlukile Nabacatshangelwa Ngokukhethekile

Izimo Ezibi

Imithetho eqashelwayo ingathola ukwaziswa kuyi-web site ngaphandle kwemvume ezimweni lapho izimo ezicatshangelwe zingekho khona futhi kuthola isiqinisekiso. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa okuseduze kobufakazi, ukuvikela othile ekulimaleni okusheshayo, noma ukuphishekela ukusola. Ngolwazi lwezinombolo, izimo ezibonisa ukuthi zivame ukuvela lapho kunenkolelo enengqondo yokuthi umnyundeli osolwayo uyocima noma alungise ubufakazi obungokwezimo ngaphambi kokuba imvume itholakale. Izinkantolo zihlola ngokucophelela izibalo, zifuna uhulumeni ukubonisa ukuthi izimo ezifanele ngempela ukudlulisa imfuneko efanelekile nokuthi izinga lokufuna imvume lilingana nelengozi.

Usizo

Ukuvuma kungesinye isisekelo sokuseshwa okungenamvume, uma nje imvume inikezwa ngokuzithandela, ngokuhlakanipha, futhi inikezwa umuntu onegunya phezu kokwaziswa noma ithuluzi. Embhalweni we-intanethi, imvume inganikezwa ngumnini-akhawunti, umsebenzisi, noma ngisho umsizi wesithathu wenkonzo ezimweni ezithile ezilinganiselwe. Nokho, imvume ibalulekile: ukuphenya ingxenye ethile ye-akhawunti ayidlulisi ezinye izingxenye, futhi imvume etholwa ngenkohliso ayifaneleki. Izinhlangano zomthetho ziye zabhekana nokuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okukhohlisa ukuze zithole imvume, njengabangane noma izisebenzi zenkonzo ezikhokhelayo ukuze zizuze ukwaziswa ngasese.

Umbono Ongamanga Osekelwe Emibhalweni Yezinombolo

Imfundiso ecacile ivumela izikhulu ukuba zithathe ubufakazi ngaphandle kobufakazi lapho zisesimweni esingokomthetho sokububona futhi zibuveza ngokushesha. Endaweni yemishini, lemfundiso isebenza lapho isikhulu sibheka ngokomthetho ukwaziswa okufinyelelwayo futhi siqaphela ubufakazi bobugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhulu esigade i-odoli esihlola imithombo yezindaba yomphakathi esibona iposi esobala eveza ngokucacile umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ungasebenzisa lokho kwaziswa ukuze sisekele isicelo esithile esingokomthetho noma, kwezinye izimo, sithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha. Nokho, imfundiso ayigunyazi izikhulu ukuba zifune ubufakazi obengeziwe obungaphezu kombono ocacile, futhi ayinakusetshenziswa ukuthethelela ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yezindaba ngaphandle kokuxhumana okungokomthetho.

Izincwadi Zezokuphepha Zesizwe Nabaphathi Baso

National Security Letters (NSLS) ezikhishwe yi-FBI zingadinga izinkampani ezithile zobuchwepheshe ukuze zikhiqize izigaba zokwaziswa ngaphandle kwemvume, kuhlanganise nokwaziswa okunemvume, amarekhodi entengiselwano, kanye nezinye izimeta-mita. I-NSL zigunyaziwe ngaphansi kwe-Electronic Communications Ancy Act nezinye izimiso, futhi zikhona namalungiselelo angadingeki avimbela abaqondisi ukuba bathululwe isicelo. Nakuba i-NSLs ingenakusetshenziswa ukuthola okuqukethwe yi-intelligation, imelela ukuhluka okubalulekile kwemfuneko ye-octal Commostionstions Activeal Active Act. Ngokufanayo, i-tenas ekhishwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni zingaphoqelela ukukhiswa kwemininingwane yemininingwane ye-data e-egameni nasebuthweni, nakuba zingenele ukuba zingangenisingenisingenisiyo yonke imininingwane futhi zifuna ukuba isaziso sezindaba ezisendabeni eziningi.

Izinselele Zokulahla Icala Nokufuna Umngcele

Imininingwane yezezinombolo ayiyihloniphi imingcele yendawo ezungezile, futhi ukugcinwa komthetho kuvame ukuhlanganisa imibuzo elawulayo. Uma isikhulu esithile kwelinye izwe singena kuwebhusayithi yomphakathi ebekwe kwesinye isifundazwe noma kwelinye izwe, ukuphenywa kungase kuthotshelwe imithetho yezimiso eziningi. Umnyango weSishaya-mthetho unikeze isiqondiso ngaphansi kwe-Computer Crime kunye ne-Intectribation procementation produal procement procement Ingxenye (CIPS) ukuze ukhulume ngalezindaba, kodwa umthetho uhlale ungena ezindaweni eziningi. Umngcele, ovumela amasiko nezikhulu zomngcele ukuba zihlole izikhungo zemishini ezisebenza ngaphandle kwemvume yokungena, kuye kwanwe ukuphenywa kwemishini nakuxhumana kolayini emngceleni, ukukhiqiniswa okukhulu mayelana nale kule minyaka ephakathi.

I-CLOUD Act ka-2018 yazama ukuxazulula izingxabano ezithile phakathi kwe-U.S. ezigunyaziwe nemithetho yokuvikela yokwaziswa yakwamanye amazwe ngokudala uhlelo lokuthola ukwaziswa okunqamule i-odar. Ngaphansi komthetho we-CLOUD Act, i-odoli yomthetho wase-U.S. ingathola isiqinisekiso semininingwane ye-elect egcinwe kwamanye amazwe uma umxhasi wenkonzo engaphansi kombuso we-U.S., futhi i-Act ivumela ohulumeni bangaphandle ukuba bangene ezivumelwaneni zezikhulu ne-United States ukuze bathole ukungenela okufanayo. Lesisekelo siye saphikisana, nabameleli bebodwa ukuthi ilulaza izimfuneko zeSimemezelo sesine sokuthula ngokuvumela ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe ukuba bacele ukwaziswa okudinga umthetho we-U.S.

Ukufunwa Kwemithetho Ngokuphoqelelwa, Ochwepheshe, Nabenzi Bomthetho

Kuzo izinhlangano ezimisa umthetho, izimfuneko ezingokomthetho zokuhlola ukwaziswa okutholakalayo obala ezifuna ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nemithetho ecacile yokusebenza. Abaphathi-mikhosi kumelwe bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokwaziswa komphakathi okungatholakala ngaphandle kwenqubo noma ukwaziswa okungasese okudinga imvume. Izimiso ze-arhente kufanele zikhulume ngokusetshenziswa kwemiba ye-akhawunti eyimfihlo, amathuluzi ashiywe ngemishini, kanye nokwaziswa okungagunyaziwe, ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkantolo zingasebenzisa izinqumiso zeSine Sesine ezihlukene kulemisebenzi kunokuhlola okulula okuqukethwe umphakathi. I-Activeary kufanele futhi isebenzise izinqubo zokubhala isisekelo sokuhlola okungagunyazi lutho, kuhlanganise nezimo ezingekho mthethweni kanye nemvume, ukuze kugcinwe ubufakazi bokuvinjelwa kwezindlebe.

ILUNGISELELE nabaphathi besimiso kudingeka baqonde imingcele engokomthetho yokungena kukahulumeni ezimisweni abazisebenzisayo. Uma abaphoqeleli bomthetho becela ukwaziswa ngaphandle kwemvume, izisebenzi zombuso kumelwe zazi ukuthi ukuthobela inkampani kuyadingeka noma kuyaqashelwa ngokomthetho, futhi kumelwe zazi ngezimiso zenkampani siqu nemisebenzi yenkonzo. Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ziye zamisa imithetho yokusabela ezicelweni zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokubika obala kanye nesaziso kubasebenzisi abathintekayo uma bevunyelwa umthetho. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokwaziswa okungavezwa ngokuzithandela ngaphandle kwenqubo kanye nokwaziswa okudinga isiqinisekiso sokwenza izinqumo ezingokomthetho nezinezimiso eziphathelene nezicelo zikahulumeni.

Odokotela abasemthethweni, kuhlanganise nabameli bobugebengu nabameli bomthetho abavikela imibandela yezindaba zomuntu siqu, kumelwe bakulungele ukubekela inselele imininingwane ye-inthanethi lapho ukugcinwa komthetho we-internet kuphumile imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo. Ukuthumba kokucindezelwa kufanele kuhlole ukuthi uhulumeni wayenesiqinisekiso yini lapho kudingekile, ukuthi lo myalo wawufanele ulinganisele ngokwanele yini ukuba uhlolwe, futhi ukuthi noma imuphi oshiwo ngaphandle kokuvumela noma izimo ezicatshaziwe zazisebenza kahle. Ukubekwa kwemibono ebhayweni kanye nokulindela okunengqondo komthumeli wemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe kunikeza isisekelo esivundile sempikiswano yokwakhela ukuthi ukwaziswa komphakathi kungaphinde kuvinjelwe ngezindlela ezibonisa imininingwane ejulile yokuphila komuntu.

Imfundo Nabafundi Baqaphela Ukuba Bodwa Kwamanani

Kubafundi abafunda ukwahlulela komthetho wobugebengu, ubuchwepheshe bokwaziswa, noma imishini yezokuxhumana, ukuqonda izimfuneko ze-website ezifuneka kuyi-oday computer kuyisici esibucayi sokufunda ulwazi lwe-minuta. Umbono wokuthi yonke into ebekwe kuyi-intanethi itholakala ngokuzenzekelayo kunoma ubani ngaphandle komphumela ongokomthetho awulungile futhi uyingozi. Abafundi kufanele bafunde ukuthi ukuthumela okuqukethwe yi-Fom commentation componentreal akuzichaphazeli zonke izithako zemfihlo, ikakhulukazi uma iqukethe leyo nto ihlangane nezilaleli ezilinganiselwe noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. [FLT:] RLD [FLD] v.[FFFLD] [2]

Izinhlangano zemfundo kufanele futhi zinikeze isiqondiso kubafundi ngokuphathelene namathemba abo siqu ayimfihlo lapho besebenzisa imishini yesikole nezimiso. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme kuyi-New Jersey v.T.L.O.[FL.:85] sisungulwe ukuthi izikhulu zesikole zingase zihlole izinto zabafundi lapho benolwazi olunengqondo, kodwa lendingazelele ukuphenywa kokwaziswa okunefu eliyifu elinohluziwe, ikakhulukazi uma zigcinwe ema-akhawuntini esikole angenasikole angeniswe ezikhungweni zemfundo, izikhungo zemfundo, izikhundla zomthetho we-mthetho-mthetho we-sisekelo, nezimfuneko zingasiza abafundi ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngemisebenzi yabo yomphakathi futhi baqonde amalungelo abo ngokuhlola i-APycento.

Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Sokuvikela Indawo Yokufihla Izindaba

Abantu abafisa ukuvikela imfihlo yabo ye-athom kufanele baqonde umehluko ongokomthetho phakathi kokwaziswa komphakathi ngempela kanye nokwaziswa okudinga ukuvunyelwa kwemvume noma eminye imingcele. Ukusebenzisa amagama aqinile, ahlukile e-akhawunti ngayinye ye-inthanethi kuvumela ukuvikelwa kweSichibiyelo sesine seMvumelwano egcinwe ngemva kwalezo zincwadi. Ukuqinisekisa okubili kwenezela olunye ulwelwelwesi olungokomthetho kanye nesivikelo sobuchwepheshe, ngoba ukukudlulisa ngaphandle kwemvume kungaba ukuseshwa okudinga isiqinisekiso. Ukukhetha ukuthi yini ebekwe phambi komphakathi futhi uqonda izinhlelo eziyimfihlo zamapulatifomu ezenhlalo kusiza ekulawuleni ukufinyelela kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngokomthetho.

Lapho besebenzelana nomthetho ogunyaziwe, abantu kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukuvuma ukuhlola ama-akhawunti e-inthanethi akudingeki futhi kunganqatshwa. Uma isikhulu sicela ukubukeza i-akhawunti yezenhlalo yezokuxhumana, i-imeyili, noma indawo yokugcina amafu, sibuza ukuthi imvume ikhona yini futhi singavumi yini uma ingekho imvume engokomthetho yokusebenzisa amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo. Ukubhala ukuxhumana nokungalibhali igama nenombolo yebheji yesikhulu kunganzima uma isikhulu siqhubeka ngokuseshwa okungena ngokomthetho futhi ukubaluleka kwalokho kubekelwe inselele kamuva. Ochwepheshe abasemthethweni beluleka ngokunikeza ama-password noma ukufinyelela ama-akhawunti ngisho nasezimweni ezingalindelekile, ngoba lapho sitholakele, ukufinyelela isilinganiso sanoma ikuphi ukuphesha okulandelayo kungaba nzima.

Kuzo izinhlangano eziphatha ukwaziswa okuzwelayo, ezisebenzisa izimiso zokuhlukanisa ukwaziswa ezihlukanisa phakathi komphakathi, ongaphakathi, oyimfihlo, nokwaziswa okulinganiselwe zinganikeza uhlelo lokusabela ezicelweni zikahulumeni. Uma ukugcinwa komthetho kucela ukwaziswa okuthi inhlangano ikubeke njengeyimfihlo noma njengevinjelwe imingcele, inhlangano kufanele idinge isiqinisekiso, i-toppoena, noma enye inqubo efanelekile engokomthetho ngaphambi kokubekwa kwe-discloption. Ukuba nesimiso esilotshiwe nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ukusingatha lezicelo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okungaguquguquki nokusemthethweni futhi kuvikele inhlangano ekubekeni icala lomphakathi lokuthola ukwaziswa komsebenzisi okungafanele.