Table of Contents
Izimiso ezihloniphekile emsebenzini womphakathi zakha itshe likahulumeni ophethe ngentando yeningi. Uma izikhulu zomphakathi zisebenza ngobuqotho, zithola ukwethenjwa yizakhamuzi, ziqinisekisa ukusakazwa ngokufanele kwemithombo yengcebo, futhi zigcina ukufaneleka kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Kulenkathi yokwanda kokuhlukana kwezombangazwe nokungaqiniseki ngegunya, ukuziphatha okuhle kubucayi kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kwezimiso zokuziphatha emsebenzini womphakathi, sihlola izimiso eziyisisekelo eziqondisa ukuziphatha okuhle, ziveza izinselele eziphikelelayo, futhi sinikeza amasu asebenzayo ekuthuthukiseni ukugqamisa nokwenza izikhulu zomthetho wonke amazinga.
Okwenza Izimiso Ezifanele Zibaluleke Kuhulumeni
Izimiso ezihloniphekile emsebenzini womphakathi aziyona nje inhloso ecatshangelwayo, kodwa zinemiphumela esobala emoyeni wokuphila kwesakhamuzi ngasinye. Uma izisebenzi zomphakathi zinamathela ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha, zakha indawo lapho imithombo yemali inikezwa khona ngokusekelwe ekusweleni kunokuba inzuzo yomuntu siqu, lapho imithetho isetshenziswa njalo, nalapho izinqumo zikahulumeni zivuleka khona. Ngaphandle kokuhlola izimiso, inkohlakalo iyanda, ukuthemba komphakathi kuyancipha, futhi isivumelwano sezenhlalo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nohulumeni wabo siwohloka.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa lezi:
- Thembela isakhiwo: Imali yokubusa. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zikholelwe ukuthi amadollar azo entela asetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, ukuthi izinkonzo zomphakathi zinikezwa ngokulunga, futhi ukuthi izikhulu azizicebisi ngezindleko zomphakathi. Ukuziphatha kobuProfeti kwakha lokhu kuthemba ngokuqondile. Ngokwe- CD Ihlelo lobuqotho le-Frames, amazwe anezimiso eziqinile zomphakathi ajabulela amazinga aphakeme okwaneliseka kwesakhayo nokuzinziwa kwezomnotho.
- I-Ethics iqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zomphakathi ziyaziphendulela ngezenzo zazo. Uma zikhona izindinganiso ezicacile zokuziphatha, izikhulu azikwazi ukusho ukuthi azinalwazi uma ziphula imithetho. Izimiso zokulandisa − njengemikhakha yokuhlola, amakomiti omqondisi, nezimiso zokuqondisa ziphumelela kuphela uma zidunyiswa yisiko elinokubaluleka kokuziphatha okuhle.
- Ukwehluleka okungavumelekile: Ukulawula okungokobukhoma kudinga ukuthukululeka. Izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokwazi ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani, zisiza ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni, nokuthi kungani ezinye izinqubo zithathiwe. Ukubona bhabha kuvimbela ukuziphatha okungenazimiso ngoba kwandisa amathuba okutholaka. Umthetho ocacile wempucuko wezentengo wezwe yonke i-impucucucucu Index[[FLT][FLT]]] njalo kubonisa ukuthi amazwe anezinqubo ezibonisayo ezibonisa phansi.
- Ukuthembana okungaphelele: ukuthemba ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni kubalulekile ekuhlalisaneni ngokuthula nasekuthobeleni imithetho ngokuzithandela. Uma abantu bekholelwa ukuthi isimiso silungile, basengozini kakhulu yokukhokha izintela, balandele imithetho, futhi bahlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi. Ukuziphatha okuhloniphekile kwezinceku zomphakathi kuqinisa lokhu kuqiniseka.
- Inkonzo Esebenzayo I-Irevory: Ukuziphatha okungahambisani nomthetho kuvame ukuholela ekunikezeni abangane kunoma iziphi, imithombo ekhandlelwa ukusetshenziselwa komuntu siqu, futhi izinqumo ezenziwe ngokukhetha kunokuba zifaneleke. Izimiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinkonzo zinikezwa labo abazidinga kakhulu, ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu.
Izimiso Zomkhomo Zenkonzo Yomphakathi Engokwezimiso
Ukuqonda izimiso ezisekela ukuziphatha okuhle kubalulekile kokubili ezincekwini zomphakathi nasezakhamuzini ezizikhonzayo.
Ubuqotho
Kuyo, inceku yomphakathi, ubuqotho buhlanganisa ukwenqaba ukufumbathisa, ukugwema izingxabano zesithakazelo, nokwenqaba ukucindezela kokuphoqa imithetho yenzuzo yezombangazwe noma yenzuzo yomuntu siqu. Kuyisisekelo lapho kwakhiwa khona zonke ezinye izimiso zokuziphatha. Inceku yomphakathi eqotho igcina imingcele engokomthetho, ayilisebenzisi kabi igunya, futhi ifaka phambili isithakazelo emphakathini enkundleni engokwenzuzo yomuntu siqu.
Ubulungisa Nokungakhethi
Ukuba lungile kudinga ukuba bonke abantu baphathwe ngokulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho futhi izinqumo zikahulumeni zenziwe ngaphandle kobandlululo noma ukukhetha. Lesi simiso sibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengokuqasha, ukuthatha, nokunika izinkonzo zomphakathi. Ukungalingani kuqhubekela phambili ngokuqaphela ukuthi amaqembu ampofu angokomlando angadinga izinyathelo ezihloselwe ukufinyelela ukulingana kwangempela. Inceku engokokuziphatha kumelwe iqaphele ukungalingani okungokomthetho futhi isebenzele ukuzilungisa, ingaziqhubeli phambili.
Inhlonipho Ngabantu
Inhlonipho isho ukuqaphela isithunzi esizuzwe njengefa sawo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sakhe, isikhundla, noma imibono yezombangazwe. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zisebenzelana nezakhamuzi ezingase zibe sengozini, zikhungatheke, noma zincishiswe. Isikhulu sezimiso zokuziphatha siphatha umuntu ngamunye ngenhlonipho, silalele izinkathazo zabo, futhi sivikele imfihlo yabo. Inhlonipho futhi idlulela nakubangane babo nakubaphathi abangaphansi kwabo, sithuthukisa isiko lomsebenzi elingenakho ukuhlukunyezwa nobandlululo.
Ukubona Kahle Nokuvuleka
Ukubona gcaluza kuwumkhuba wokuqhuba ibhizinisi likahulumeni ngokusobala. Kusho ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa okuqhubekayo ngezinqumo, uhlelo lwemali, kanye nokusebenza; ukwenza imihlangano evulekile; nokusabela ngokushesha ezicelweni zemibhalo yomphakathi. Ukubona gcabuku akudingi ukudalula ulwazi oluzwelayo lomuntu siqu noma lwesizwe, kodwa kudinga ukuba umphakathi uqonde ukuthi isiphi isizathu sezenzo zikahulumeni. United Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDC) igcizelela ukubonakala njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokuvimbela ukonakala.
Umthwalo Wemfanelo Nokulandisa
Umthwalo wemfanelo usho ukuba nesinqumo somuntu kanye nemiphumela yaso. Uma kwenzeka iphutha, isikhulu somphakathi esivumayo, sichaza ukuthi yini eyangalungile, futhi sithatha isinyathelo sokulungisa. Ukulandisa kudlulela ngalé komthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu ukuze kuhlanganise izinqubo zokusebenza kwezenhlangano [1] njengokubukeza, amahhovisi owesisebenzi, kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele ezimelene nokonakala . . . . . i-Ombudsman, ngokwesibonelo, i-European Apligion ahlola izikhalo zezelo lezentengo yomthetho ye-EU futhi izenza zibe nesibopho sokuzinhlala.
Izinselele Ezivamile Kuhulumeni
Naphezu kokucaca kwalezi zimiso, njalo izinceku zomphakathi zibhekana nezimo ezivivinya isinqumo sazo sokuziphatha.
Ukonakala Nokufumbathisa
Ukonakala kulokhu kusekuhluleka kakhulu kwezimiso zokuziphatha emsebenzini womphakathi. Kusukela ekufumbathiseni okuncane ngokufushanisa isikhulu esiphethe intela kuya ekukhohliseni okukhulu okuhilela izigidi zamaRandi ekukhwabaniseni. Ukonakala kuphazamisa izimakethe, kululaza ukwethembana, futhi kulimaza abampofu ngokungenakuqhathaniswa. Ngokwe intethelelo yezizwe zonke [, inkohlakalo iphambukisa imithombo yemali ekunakekeleni impilo, imfundo, nesisekelo ngokuqondile ezikhwameni zeze ekhohlakeleni.
Ukungezwani Kwesithakazelo
Ukuxabana kwesithakazelo kwenzeka lapho izithakazelo zomphakathi zezisebenzi zenzakalela ngasese, ifayinali, noma ezezombangazwe, . "impi ingalimaza ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa isikhulu esikhetha inkampani yesazi sesazi, noma umphathi othatha umsebenzi ngemboni okwakufanele aqondise. Izimo zezimiso zezimiso zokuziphatha eziqinile zidinga ukuvezwa kwezingxabano ezingenzeka futhi zixazululwe noma isiphi isinqumo lapho kukhona khona ingxabano.
Ukucindezela Kwabaholi Noma Ababambe Izigqila
Izisebenzi zomphakathi ngokuvamile zibhekana nokucindezela kokuba zenze ngokungafanele, − kuvela kumuntu omiswe kwezombangazwe ofuna ukuphathwa ngokukhethelwe umuntu onikelayo, kumngane ezicela ukuba zingakunaki ukwephulwa, noma kuvela kumuntu osizayo. Abahlabeleli bamazwe ababika ukucindezela okunjalo ngokuvamile babhekana nokuphindisela, okwenza kube okubalulekile ukuba nemithetho eqinile yokuvikela kanye nezindlela zokubika eziphephile.
Ukungaqapheli Noma Ukuqeqesha
Izimiso zokuhle zingaba nzima, futhi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa njalo, izisebenzi zingazephula zingaziqondi. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungu lezisebenzi ezisencane lingase lamukele isipho esivela kumthengisi lingaqapheli ukuthi inkampani yalo ivimbela noma yiziphi izipho zenani elibalulekile. Imfundo yezimiso ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwephulwa okunjalo ngokungahlosile.
Impucuko Yamaqembu Nokucabanga Ngeqembu
Kwezinye izinhlangano, ukuziphatha okungenazimiso kuyafaneleka. Abaqashi bangase babone osebenza nabo bephula imithetho ngaphandle kwemiphumela futhi baphethe ngokuthi imithetho ayibobobobo. Ukucabanga ngeqembu kungacindezela ukungavumelani, kubangele ngisho nabantu abazimisele ukuhambisana nemikhuba engabazekayo. Ukushintsha impucuko enjalo kudinga ukuhola okukhulu nezinguquko ezihlelekile ezivuza ukuziphatha okuhle nokujezisa ukujeziswa.
Ukwakha Impucuko Engokwesiko: Imishini Nemishini
Ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokuziphatha enkonzweni yomphakathi akudingi nje indlela ebhaliwe yokuziphatha, kodwa kudingeka indlela ebanzi yokuvimbela amakheli, ukuwathola nokuwamisa.
Yiba Nezimiso Zokuziphatha Ezicacile Futhi Uxoxe Ngazo
Izimiso zokuziphatha kufanele zigcinelwe indawo ephezulu nje kwencwadi egcinwe eshalofini. Kumelwe ibhalwe ngolimi olucacile, olufinyelekayo, ludluliselwe kubo bonke abaqashwa, futhi luqiniswe ngokuqashelwa minyaka yonke. Lo mthetho kufanele uhlanganise izingxabano zesithakazelo, izipho nokungenisa izihambi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yomphakathi, imisebenzi yangaphandle, nemingcele yomsebenzi yangemva kohulumeni. Ohulumeni abaningi bashicilela imithetho yabo eyimfihlo kuyi-inthanethi ukuze izakhamuzi ziqonde izindinganiso ezinelungelo lokuzilindela.
Nikeza Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Ezifanele Njalo
Ukuqeqesha akumelwe kube isenzakalo esisodwa ngesikhathi sokubopha ibhodi. Kufanele kuphindwe minyaka yonke futhi kuvumelane nezingozi ezithile ezibhekene nezindima ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu zokuthola imali zidinga ukuqeqeshwa ekusebenziseni inzuzo yokuzifaka, kuyilapho izisebenzi zezimali zabantu zidinga isiqondiso sokuthola i-nephathom kanye nemisebenzi yokuqasha. Ukuhlola okwenziwayo nezifundo ezisekelwe ezibonelweni kuphumelela kakhulu kunezifundo ezisiza izisebenzi ukuba zisebenzise izimiso zokuziphatha ezingokoqobo.
Thola Iziteshi Eziphephile Nezifinyelelekayo
Abahlaseli bawumzila obalulekile wokuzivikela ekungcoleni. Ohulumeni kumelwe bakhe iziteshi eziningi zokubika ukuziphatha okubi okusolwayo − njengezikhonkwane ezishisayo, i-internet stages, nezikhulu zezimiso ezimisiwe − nesiqinisekiso sokuvikela izintatheli ekuphindiseleni. Imithetho enjenge Wishleter Protection Act eUnited States ibonakalisa isibopho sokuvikela labo abakhulumayo, nakuba ukusungula kungavumelani. Amaqumrhu azimele, njenge-UK’S Independent Office for Police Eile, angathola izikhalo ezisuka ngqo ezakhamuzini.
Hola Ngesibonelo Esivela Phansi
Isibopho sobuholi sibalulekile ekubekeni indlela yokukhuluma phezulu. Uma izikhulu eziphakeme zibonisa ubuqotho (ngokwenqaba amapherk, ukuveza izingxabano ezingase zivele, nokuvuma amaphutha), kunikeza uphawu olunamandla lwezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma abaholi bebhekwa njengabakhohlakele noma abangaphezulu komthetho, kululaza lonke uhlelo lwezimiso. Amaphutha amaningi ezimiso zokuhle angatholakala emuva esikweni esinesijeziso esiphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganyela Nezakhamuzi Nomphakathi
Izimiso ezilungile ezisemsebenzini womphakathi akuyona nje indaba engaphakathi. Izakhamuzi, izintatheli, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zifeza indima ebalulekile njengezezinja. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni imali, ukuzwa, nezakhamuzi eziphethe izikhulu zinikeza abantu abavamile isigxobo ngokubusa nezindlela zokubeka izikhulu icala. Ukuthatha ulwazi kufana nokukhipha izivumelwano zikahulumeni nemininingwane yezindleko zemali.
Imiphumela Ephoqelelwe Ngokuvumelana
Alukho uhlelo lwezimiso zokuziphatha olufanele ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa. Ukuphula umthetho kumelwe kuhlolwe kahle, futhi izijeziso kumelwe zisetshenziswe njalo, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla noma ukuhlangana kwezombangazwe. Izenzo zomthetho zingasukela ekusoleni nasekukhokheleni nasekumangalelweni ngecala. Ukuba khona kwekhomishane ezimele yokulwa nokonakala, njenge - Independent Commission Against Urguption eHong Kong, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi lapho kusebenza ngaphandle kokugxagxagxanyiswa kwezombangazwe.
Izibonelo Zezwe Ezingokoqobo Zobubusi Obungokwesiko Ezisebenzayo
Ukuhlola izindaba ezingokoqobo kuyasiza ekuboniseni indlela izimiso zokuziphatha ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo nendlela ukwehluleka okungalungiswa ngayo.
Isinyathelo Samanzi Ahlanzekile Nobuqotho Bendawo Ezungezile
I-Clean Water Act ka-1972 yamisa uhlelo lokuqondisa oludinga ukuvezwa obala kokwaziswa kokungcola futhi luvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zidlulise icala labo ababonayo. Lendlela yokubonana iye yaba usizo ekubekeni kokubili izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele zilandisa ngezindinganiso zamanzi aphakeme. Lesi senzo sibonisa indlela izimiso ezingokomthetho ezilawula ukubonakala kokukhanya nokuhlanganyela komphakathi okungashukumisa ngayo ukuziphatha okuhle ekuqondiseni isivikelo sendawo ezungezile.
Imithetho Yokuvikela Nokulandisa Ebangelwa Ukuvuvukala Kwezigaxa
IWhistlepuller Protection Act (1999) eUnited States inikeza isihlangu esingokomthetho sezisebenzi zikahulumeni ezibika udoti, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhaphaza. Nakuba lesi senzo singaphelele, siye senza abantu abanjengoMark Klein, owayenguchwepheshe we-AT&T owaveza izinhlelo zokuhlola ezingekho emthethweni zikahulumeni, ukudalula ububi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindiselwa ngokushesha. Imithetho efanayo eseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe iye yakhuthaza abafuthayo emaqenjini abantu ngabanye nawasobala ukuba baqhubekele phambili, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwesivikelo esingokomthetho sokuziphatha okuhle.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zikahulumeni Wendawo
Omasipala abaningi baye basungula izimemezelo zezimiso zokuzimela zokuqondisa ukuziphatha kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe nezisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-New York City Conflicts of Infation Board ihlola ukuphulwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha zedolobha, inikeza imibono ekhuthazayo, futhi iphoqelela amafa. Lemikhandlu yendawo isondeza ukwengamela izakhamuzi eduze nezinhlangano zesizwe, izenze zikwazi ukusabela futhi zifinyeleleke.
I-Ombudsman yaseCanada
IHhovisi le-Prosupped Ombudsman eCanada libukeza izikhalo ezivela kubathengi ngokuthola inqubo kahulumeni futhi litusa izenzo zokulungisa. Ngokunikeza i-hostum engakhethi yokuxazulula izingxabano, i-Ombudsman isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukulunga nokubonakala enqubweni yokuthola, esengozini enkulu yokukhohlakala. Lelilungiselelo lenhlangano libonisa indlela indikimba ekhethekile engathuthukisa ngayo izindinganiso zokuziphatha endaweni ephakeme.
Isiphetho
Izimiso ezisebenza emsebenzini womphakathi aziyona into ephambili kodwa imfuneko yokubusa ngentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiqinile sokuziphatha, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zilahlekelwa ukuthembeka, izinkonzo ziba yizeze, futhi izakhamuzi ziyadungeka. Ngokunamathela ezimisweni zobuqotho, ukungalungi, inhlonipho, ukubonakala, nokulandisa, izisebenzi zomphakathi zingazuza ukwethenjwa ezikudingayo ukuze zibuse. Nokho, ukulondoloza isimilo esingokokuziphatha kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo: imithetho ecacile, ukuqeqesha ngokunenzuzo, ukulanda iziteshi, ukuhola okuqinile, nokugcinwa kwemiphumela. Izibonelo zokubusa okuphumelelayo kwezimiso zokuziphatha okunempumelelo ku-Gafly Water Acts ku-odssss oyards, qhaza ukuthi kungenzeka uma ohulumeni besenza ukubonakala nokulandisa. Izakhamuzi zonke izikhulu zabo emphakathini, futhi zonke izisebenzi ezikhonza umphakathi zinesibopho sokusekela isimilo esingcono kakhulu.